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Tiwari AK, Aggarwal G, Kale P, Yadav N, Kumar V, Singh G, Cheirmaraj K, Krishnan K. Determination of optimum levels of binding antibody units (BAU) of new quantitative chemiluminescent immuno-assay (CLIA) in COVID-19 vaccinated volunteer blood donors. Transfus Apher Sci 2024; 63:103937. [PMID: 38678985 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2024.103937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For assessment of COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, neutralization activity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody is measured. This study was undertaken to determine optimum levels of binding antibody units (BAU/ml) in new quantitative chemiluminescent assay (CLIA) that corresponded to neutralizing potential (30% inhibition) of sVNT assay. METHODS Ninety-one blood samples were analyzed by CLIA and sVNT assays. Test samples (n = 75) were collected from blood donors post-2nd vaccination dose, while control samples (n = 16) were archived pre-COVID donor samples. Correlation between CLIA and sVNT was calculated and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn and analyzed. RESULTS Results indicated excellent correlation between 57.5 BAU/ml on CLIA and 30%inhibition on sVNT assay. ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.971. DISCUSSION The present study determined that 57.5 BAU/ml on CLIA corresponded to 30% inhibition on sVNT assay. Periodic quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseem Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Transfusion Medicine Medanta-The Medicity, Sector-38, Gurgaon, India.
| | - Geet Aggarwal
- Department of Transfusion Medicine Medanta-The Medicity, Sector-38, Gurgaon, India
| | - Pratibha Kale
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeti Yadav
- Department of Transfusion Medicine Medanta-The Medicity, Sector-38, Gurgaon, India
| | - Virendra Kumar
- Department of Microbiology College of Life Sciences, Jiwaji University Gwalior, India
| | - Gargi Singh
- Medanta Institute of Education and Research Medanta-The Medicity, Sector-38, Gurgaon, India
| | - K Cheirmaraj
- Independent Laboratory Consultant, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Krishnan
- Laboratory Medicine, Thane West, Mumbai 400606, India
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Ko GY, Lee J, Bae H, Ryu JH, Park HS, Kang H, Jung J, Choi AR, Lee R, Lee DG, Oh EJ. Longitudinal Analysis of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses and Breakthrough Infection following BNT162b2/BNT162b2/BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1/BNT162b2 Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort in Naive Healthcare Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1613. [PMID: 37897015 PMCID: PMC10610978 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing immune responses post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is crucial for optimizing vaccine strategies. This prospective study aims to evaluate immune responses and breakthrough infection in 235 infection-naïve healthcare workers up to 13-15 months after initial vaccination in two vaccine groups (108 BNT/BNT/BNT and 127 ChAd/ChAd/BNT). Immune responses were assessed using the interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, total immunoglobulin, and neutralizing activity through surrogate virus neutralization test at nine different time points. Both groups exhibited peak responses one to two months after the second or third dose, followed by gradual declines over six months. Notably, the ChAd group exhibited a gradual increase in ELISPOT results, but their antibody levels declined more rapidly after reaching peak response compared to the BNT group. Six months after the third dose, both groups had substantial cellular responses, with superior humoral responses in the BNT group (p < 0.05). As many as 55 breakthrough infection participants displayed higher neutralization activities against Omicron variants, but similar cellular responses compared to 127 infection-naïve individuals, suggesting cross-immunity. Distinct neutralization classifications (<30%, >80% inhibition) correlated with different ELISPOT results. Our study reveals diverse immune response patterns based on vaccine strategies and breakthrough infections, emphasizing the importance of understanding these dynamics for optimized vaccination decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Young Ko
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (G.Y.K.); (J.L.); (H.B.)
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (G.Y.K.); (J.L.); (H.B.)
| | - Hyunjoo Bae
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (G.Y.K.); (J.L.); (H.B.)
| | - Ji Hyeong Ryu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (J.H.R.); (H.-S.P.); (H.K.); (J.J.); (A.-R.C.)
| | - Hye-Sun Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (J.H.R.); (H.-S.P.); (H.K.); (J.J.); (A.-R.C.)
| | - Hyunhye Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (J.H.R.); (H.-S.P.); (H.K.); (J.J.); (A.-R.C.)
- Resesarch and Development Institute for In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Jung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (J.H.R.); (H.-S.P.); (H.K.); (J.J.); (A.-R.C.)
- Resesarch and Development Institute for In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae-Ran Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (J.H.R.); (H.-S.P.); (H.K.); (J.J.); (A.-R.C.)
| | - Raeseok Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (R.L.); (D.-G.L.)
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gun Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (R.L.); (D.-G.L.)
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jee Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (J.H.R.); (H.-S.P.); (H.K.); (J.J.); (A.-R.C.)
- Resesarch and Development Institute for In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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3
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Lelong M, Josien R, Coste-Burel M, Rimbert M, Bressollette-Bodin C, Nancey S, Bouguen G, Allez M, Serrero M, Caillo L, Rouillon C, Blanc P, Laharie D, Olivier R, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Dib N, De Maissin A, Montuclard C, Trang-Poisson C, Vavasseur F, Gallot G, Berthome M, Braudeau C, Chevreuil J, Bourreille A, Le Berre C. The risk of COVID-19 in IBD patients is increased by urban living and is not influenced by disease activity or intravenous biologics. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243898. [PMID: 37701431 PMCID: PMC10494533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may have a modified immune response to SARS-CoV-2. The objectives were to evaluate the prevalence of COVID-19 in patients treated with infliximab or vedolizumab, to analyze the factors associated with the infection, the impact of treatments and trough levels. Methods Patients with IBD treated with intravenous biologics in 14 French centers were included between March and June 2020 and followed-up for 6 months. Blood samples were collected for serologies and trough levels. The analysis of factors associated with COVID-19 was conducted in a matched 1:1 case-control sub-study with positive patients. Results In total, 1026 patients were included (74.9% infliximab). Over the follow-up period, 420 patients reported the occurrence of COVID-19 symptoms; 342 had been tested of whom 18 were positive. At the end of follow-up, 38 patients had a positive serology. Considering both nasal tests and serologies together, 46 patients (4.5%) had been infected. The risk of COVID-19 was related neither to the use of treatments (whatever the trough levels) nor to disease activity. Infections were more frequent when using public transport or living in flats in urban areas. Conclusions The prevalence rate of COVID-19 in this IBD population treated with intravenous infliximab or vedolizumab was the same as the one in the French population before the start of the vaccination campaign. The risk was increased by urban living and was not influenced by disease activity or biologics. Sanitary barrier measures remain the best way to protect against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with IBD in biological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Lelong
- Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif (IMAD), Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie et Assistance Nutritionnelle, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) CIC 1413, Nantes, France
| | - Régis Josien
- Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Laboratoire d’Immunologie Biologique, Centre d’ImmunoMonitorage Nantes-Atlantique (CIMNA), Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, CR2TI UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Marianne Coste-Burel
- Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Laboratoire de Virologie, Nantes, France
| | - Marie Rimbert
- Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Laboratoire d’Immunologie Biologique, Centre d’ImmunoMonitorage Nantes-Atlantique (CIMNA), Nantes, France
| | - Céline Bressollette-Bodin
- Nantes Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, CR2TI UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Laboratoire de Virologie, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Nancey
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and INSERM U1111-CIRI, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Bouguen
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) and University of Rennes, INSERM, CIC1414, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolism and Cancer), Rennes, France
| | - Matthieu Allez
- Gastroenterology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM U1160, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Serrero
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Ludovic Caillo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nimes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Cléa Rouillon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Pierre Blanc
- Service d’hépatogastroentérologie B, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Montpellier et Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - David Laharie
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Centre Medico-chirurgical Magellan, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Gastroenterology department, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France
| | - Raphaël Olivier
- Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Inserm NGERE U1256, University Hospital of Nancy, University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Nina Dib
- Department of HepatoGastroenterology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Astrid De Maissin
- Centre Hospitalier Départemental (CHD) La Roche Sur Yon, Department of Gastroenterology, La-Roche-sur-Yon, France
| | - Céline Montuclard
- Department of Endoscopy and Gastroenterology, Valence Public Hospital, Valence, France
| | - Caroline Trang-Poisson
- Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif (IMAD), Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie et Assistance Nutritionnelle, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) CIC 1413, Nantes, France
| | - Fabienne Vavasseur
- Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif (IMAD), Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie et Assistance Nutritionnelle, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) CIC 1413, Nantes, France
| | - Géraldine Gallot
- Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Centre de ressources biologiques (CRB), Nantes, France
| | - Mathilde Berthome
- Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Centre de ressources biologiques (CRB), Nantes, France
| | - Cécile Braudeau
- Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Laboratoire d’Immunologie Biologique, Centre d’ImmunoMonitorage Nantes-Atlantique (CIMNA), Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, CR2TI UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Justine Chevreuil
- Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Laboratoire d’Immunologie Biologique, Centre d’ImmunoMonitorage Nantes-Atlantique (CIMNA), Nantes, France
| | - Arnaud Bourreille
- Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif (IMAD), Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie et Assistance Nutritionnelle, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) CIC 1413, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Le Berre
- Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif (IMAD), Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie et Assistance Nutritionnelle, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) CIC 1413, Nantes, France
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Buchta C, Springer D, Jovanovic J, Borsodi C, Weidner L, Sareban N, Radler U, Müller MM, Griesmacher A, Puchhammer-Stöckl E, Wagner T, Jungbauer C, Stiasny K, Weseslindtner L. Three rounds of a national external quality assessment reveal a link between disharmonic anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody quantifications and the infection stage. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1349-1358. [PMID: 36756735 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The WHO's standardized measuring unit, "binding antibody units per milliliter (BAU/mL)," should allow the harmonization of quantitative results by different commercial Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays. However, multiple studies demonstrate inter-assay discrepancies. The antigenic changes of the Omicron variant affect the performance of Spike-specific immunoassays. This study evaluated the variation of quantitative Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike antibody measurements among 46, 50, and 44 laboratories in three rounds of a national external quality assessment (EQA) prior to and after the emergence of the Omicron variant in a diagnostic near-to-real-life setting. METHODS We analyzed results reported by the EQA participant laboratories from single and sequential samples from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent, acutely infected, and vaccinated individuals, including samples obtained after primary and breakthrough infections with the Omicron variant. RESULTS The three immunoassays most commonly used by the participants displayed a low intra-assay and inter-laboratory variation with excellent reproducibility using identical samples sent to the participants in duplicates. In contrast, the inter-assay variation was very high with all samples. Notably, the ratios of BAU/mL levels quantified by different immunoassays were not equal among all samples but differed between vaccination, past, and acute infection, including primary infection with the Omicron variant. The antibody kinetics measured in vaccinated individuals strongly depended on the applied immunoassay. CONCLUSIONS Measured BAU/mL levels are only inter-changeable among different laboratories when the same assay was used for their assessment. Highly variable ratios of BAU/mL quantifications among different immunoassays and infection stages argue against the usage of universal inter-assay conversion factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Buchta
- Austrian Association for Quality Assurance and Standardization of Medical and Diagnostic Tests (ÖQUASTA), Vienna, Austria
| | - David Springer
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jovana Jovanovic
- Austrian Association for Quality Assurance and Standardization of Medical and Diagnostic Tests (ÖQUASTA), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Lisa Weidner
- Austrian Red Cross, Blood Service for Vienna, Lower Austria, and Burgenland, Austria
| | - Nazanin Sareban
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulla Radler
- Austrian Association for Quality Assurance and Standardization of Medical and Diagnostic Tests (ÖQUASTA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias M Müller
- Austrian Association for Quality Assurance and Standardization of Medical and Diagnostic Tests (ÖQUASTA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Griesmacher
- Austrian Association for Quality Assurance and Standardization of Medical and Diagnostic Tests (ÖQUASTA), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Wagner
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christof Jungbauer
- Austrian Red Cross, Blood Service for Vienna, Lower Austria, and Burgenland, Austria
| | - Karin Stiasny
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Ishii T, Hamada K, Jubishi D, Hashimoto H, Okamoto K, Hisasue N, Sunohara M, Saito M, Shinohara T, Yamashita M, Wakimoto Y, Otani A, Ikeda M, Harada S, Okugawa S, Moriya K, Yanagimoto S. Waning cellular immune responses and predictive factors in maintaining cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 six months after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9607. [PMID: 37311763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Several clinical trials have shown that the humoral response produced by anti-spike antibodies elicited by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines gradually declines. The kinetics, durability and influence of epidemiological and clinical factors on cellular immunity have not been fully elucidated. We analyzed cellular immune responses elicited by BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines in 321 health care workers using whole blood interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assays. IFN-γ, induced by CD4 + and CD8 + T cells stimulated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike epitopes (Ag2), levels were highest at 3 weeks after the second vaccination (6 W) and decreased by 37.4% at 3 months (4 M) and 60.0% at 6 months (7 M), the decline of which seemed slower than that of anti-spike antibody levels. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the levels of IFN-γ induced by Ag2 at 7 M were significantly correlated with age, dyslipidemia, focal adverse reactions to full vaccination, lymphocyte and monocyte counts in whole blood, Ag2 levels before the second vaccination, and Ag2 levels at 6 W. We clarified the dynamics and predictive factors for the long-lasting effects of cellular immune responses. The results emphasize the need for a booster vaccine from the perspective of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-elicited cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ishii
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Hamada
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Daisuke Jubishi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh Okamoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Hisasue
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Sunohara
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Minako Saito
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shinohara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marie Yamashita
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Wakimoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amato Otani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mahoko Ikeda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sohei Harada
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Okugawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoji Moriya
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yanagimoto
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, TokyoTokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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Nakai M, Yokoyama D, Sato T, Sato R, Kojima C, Shimosawa T. Variation in antibody titers determined by Abbott and Roche Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 assays in vaccinated healthcare workers. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16547. [PMID: 37235203 PMCID: PMC10201891 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody measurement is important for evaluating COVID-19 vaccine efficacy. We quantified and compared anti-spike (S) antibodies using different commercial immunoassays. We tested serum samples from 70 SARS-CoV-2-naive health care workers 2 weeks after vaccination with a single dose of BNT162b2, 2 and 4 weeks, and 3 months after the second dose of BNT162b2. The following quantitative assays were used: Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (Roche-S), Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant [Abbott-IgG(S)], and Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgM (Abbott-IgM). All samples tested positive for Roche-S and Abbott-IgG antibodies after the second dose, with 83.6% Abbott-IgM positive rate. Roche-S and Abbott-IgG(S) correlated significantly in all samples (r = 0.920, p < 0.0001), and the Roche-S and Abbott-IgG(S) assay showed a strong correlation with each other at each time point after vaccination. Roche-S and Abbott-IgG(S) antibody titers were correlated with age; their rate of decline was age-dependent in males but not in females. Abbott-IgG(S) antibody titers decreased from 2 weeks after the second dose. Roche-S antibody titers peaked 2 weeks after the second dose in 76.2% of the participants; the titers recovered 3 months post-vaccination after declining at week 4 in 40.7% of the participants. The concordance between Roche-S and Abbott-IgG(S) antibody titers over time was 47.5%. Most participants presented significantly high Roche-S and Abbott-IgG(S) antibody titers after immunization. Some measurements were inconsistent with titer changes between these assays, possibly because of differences in the immunoglobulin-specificity of the kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miku Nakai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yokoyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sato
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiari Kojima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shimosawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Ivanov A, Kryshen E, Semenova E. Nonlinear interdependence of the results of measuring anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels using Abbott and Euroimmun test systems. J Clin Virol 2023; 164:105448. [PMID: 37146518 PMCID: PMC10116115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are significant number of tests used to determine the level of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 which differ both in the methods underlying testing and in the antigenic targets used and classes of measured immunoglobulins. Comparison of the results obtained using various tests reveals their significant discrepancy when converted to the WHO recommended standard unit for measuring the level of specific immunoglobulins BAU/mL. The aim of this study is a comparison of anty-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels, measured using test systems based on different methodological platforms - EuroImmun assay and Abbott assay. METHOD Abbott uses the immunochemiluminescence method CLIA, EuroImmun uses the enzyme immunoassay method ELISA. The dependences of the measurement error on the level of antibodies for the two test systems were approximated by power functions using the least squares method. The nonlinear relation of antibody levels values measured by Abbott assay and Euroimmun assay was approximated by an asymptotic function. RESULTS The study involved 112 people. Our results confirm the fallacy of using a single conversion coefficient in BAU/mL for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels measured by Abbott and EuroImmun. To describe the interdependence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Abbott and EuroImmun levels, we offer the function y = 18/π arctan(0.0009x) and a calculator that allows to easily recalculate the results obtained using these tests. CONCLUSION The non-linear nature of the interdependence of the measured anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies levels on the levels magnitude is one of the main reasons for the discrepancy between the tests results when converted to BAU/mL using a single conversion coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Ivanov
- Saint-Petersburg State University Hospital, 154, Fontanka river embankment, Saint-Petersburg, 198103, Russian Federation; Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, 2 Akkuratova str., 197341, Russian Federation; North-West Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine JSC, 28A Pulkovskoe shosse, Saint-Petersburg, 196247, Russian Federation.
| | - Evgeni Kryshen
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina, 188300, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Semenova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina, 188300, Russian Federation
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Kaufman HW, Meyer WA, Clarke NJ, Radcliff J, Rank CM, Freeman J, Eisenberg M, Gillim L, Morice WG, Briscoe DM, Perlin DS, Wohlgemuth JG. Assessing Vulnerability to COVID-19 in High-Risk Populations: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Targeted Serology. Popul Health Manag 2023; 26:29-36. [PMID: 36799932 DOI: 10.1089/pop.2022.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals at increased risk for severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, due to compromised immunity or other risk factors, would benefit from objective measures of vulnerability to infection based on vaccination or prior infection. The authors reviewed published data to identify a specific role and interpretation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike-targeted serology testing. Specific recommendations are provided for an evidence-based and clinically-useful interpretation of SARS-CoV-2 spike-targeted serology to identify vulnerability to infection and potential subsequent adverse outcomes. Decreased vaccine effectiveness among immunocompromised individuals is linked to correspondingly high rates of breakthrough infections. Negative results on SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests are associated with increased risk for subsequent infection. "Low-positive" results on semiquantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike-targeted antibody tests may help identify persons at increased risk as well. Standardized SARS-CoV-2 spike-targeted antibody tests may provide objective information on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated adverse outcomes. This holds especially for high-risk populations that demonstrate a relatively high rate of seronegativity. The widespread availability of such tests presents an opportunity to refine risk assessment for individuals with suboptimal SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and to promote effective interventions. Interim federal guidance would support physicians and patients while additional investigations are pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David S Perlin
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
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9
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Kirste I, Hortsch S, Grunert VP, Legault H, Maglinao M, Eichenlaub U, Kashlan B, Pajon R, Jochum S. Quantifying the Vaccine-Induced Humoral Immune Response to Spike-Receptor Binding Domain as a Surrogate for Neutralization Testing Following mRNA-1273 (Spikevax) Vaccination Against COVID-19. Infect Dis Ther 2023; 12:177-191. [PMID: 36376733 PMCID: PMC9663276 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-022-00711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a need for automated, high-throughput assays to quantify immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. This study assessed the combined utility of the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (ACOV2S) and the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (ACOV2N) assays using samples from the mRNA-1273 (Spikevax™) phase 2 trial (NCT04405076). METHODS Samples from 593 healthy participants in two age cohorts (18-54 and ≥ 55 years), who received two injections with placebo (n = 198) or mRNA-1273 (50 μg [n = 197] or 100 μg [n = 198]), were collected at days 1 (first vaccination), 15, 29 (second vaccination), 43, and 57. ACOV2S results were used to assess humoral response to vaccination in different subgroups and were compared to live virus microneutralization assay. Samples from patients with either previous or concomitant infection (identified per ACOV2N) were analyzed separately. RESULTS Receptor-binding domain-specific antibodies were readily detectable by ACOV2S for the vast majority of participants (174/189, 92.1% [50 μg dose] and 178/192, 92.7% [100 μg dose]) at the first post-vaccination assessment, with non-converters predominantly older in age. Seroconversion for all participants was observed at day 29 (before the second vaccine dose). Two weeks after the first dose, geometric mean concentration (GMC) of antibody levels was 1.37-fold higher in the 100 versus 50 μg group (p = 0.0098), reducing to 1.09-fold 2 weeks after the second dose (p = 0.0539, n.s.). In both dose groups, a more pronounced response was observed in the younger versus older age group on day 15 (50 μg, 2.49-fold [p < 0.0001]; 100 μg, 3.94-fold [p < 0.0001] higher GMC, respectively), and day 29 (1.93-fold, p = 0.0002, and 2.44-fold, p < 0.0001). Eight subjects had previous or concomitant SARS-CoV-2 infection; vaccination boosted their humoral response to very high ACOV2S results compared to infection-naïve recipients. ACOV2S strongly correlated with microneutralization (Pearson's r = 0.779; p < 0.0001), including good qualitative agreement. CONCLUSION These results confirmed that ACOV2S is a highly valuable assay for tracking vaccine-related immune responses. Combined application with ACOV2N enables monitoring for breakthrough infection or stratification of previous natively infected individuals. The adaptive measuring range and high resolution of ACOV2S allow for early identification of seroconversion and resolution of very high titers and longitudinal differences between subgroups. Additionally, good correlation with live virus microneutralization suggests that ACOV2S is a reliable estimate of neutralization capacity in routine diagnostic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Kirste
- Clinical Development & Medical Affairs, Roche Diagnostics Operations, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Sayuri Hortsch
- Biostatistics and Data Science, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Veit Peter Grunert
- Biostatistics and Data Science, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Holly Legault
- Clinical Biomarkers, Moderna, Inc, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Maha Maglinao
- Clinical Biomarkers, Moderna, Inc, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Udo Eichenlaub
- Clinical Development & Medical Affairs, Roche Diagnostics Operations, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Basel Kashlan
- Lab Operations, PPD, Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific, Highland Heights, KY USA
| | - Rolando Pajon
- Clinical Biomarkers, Moderna, Inc, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Simon Jochum
- Research and Development Immunoassays, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
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10
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Sim W, Kang H, Jung J, Lee J, Ko GY, Park HS, Choi J, Park K, Oh EJ. Comparison of humoral and cellular immune responses between ChAd-BNT heterologous vaccination and BNT-BNT homologous vaccination following the third BNT dose: A prospective cohort study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1120556. [PMID: 36936965 PMCID: PMC10017529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The differential immune responses after two additional BNT162b2 (BNT) booster doses between ChAdOx1 nCoV-10 (ChAd)-primed and BNT-primed groups have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to compare vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immune responses and evaluate breakthrough infection between the two vaccination strategies. Methods In 221 healthy subjects (111 in the ChAd group), longitudinal immune responses were monitored at 3, 4, and 6 months after the 2nd dose and 1, 3, and 6 months after the 3rd dose. Humoral immunity was measured by two fully automated chemiluminescent immunoassays (Elecsys and Abbott) and a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). Cellular immunity was assessed by two interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assays (QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 and Covi-FERON). Results After the 2nd dose of BNT vaccination, total antibody levels were higher in the ChAd group, but IgG antibody and sVNT results were higher in the BNT group. Following the 3rd dose vaccination, binding antibody titers were significantly elevated in both groups (ChAD-BNT; 15.4 to 17.8-fold, BNT-BNT; 22.2 to 24.6-fold), and the neutralizing capacity was increased by 1.3-fold in both cohorts. The ChAd-BNT group had lower omicron neutralization positivity than the BNT-BNT group (P = 0.001) at 6 months after the 3rd dose. Cellular responses to the spike antigen also showed 1.7 to 3.0-fold increases after the 3rd dose, which gradually declined to the levels equivalent to before the 3rd vaccination. The ChAd cohort tended to have higher IFN-γ level than the BNT cohort for 3-6 months after the 2nd and 3rd doses. The frequency of breakthrough infection was higher in the ChAd group (44.8%) than in the BNT group (28.1%) (P = 0.0219). Breakthrough infection induced increased humoral responses in both groups, and increase of cellular response was significant in the ChAd group. Discussion Our study showed differential humoral and cellular immune responses between ChAd-BNT-BNT heterologous and BNT-BNT-BNT homologous vaccination cohorts. The occurrence of low antibody levels in the ChAd-primed cohort in the humoral immune response may be associated with an increased incidence of breakthrough infections. Further studies are needed on the benefits of enhanced cellular immunity in ChAd-primed cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooho Sim
- Department of Internal Medicines, The Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhye Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Resesarch and Development Institute for In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Jung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Resesarch and Development Institute for In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Young Ko
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewan Choi
- Infectious Disease Response Division, Armed Forces Medical Command, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kinam Park
- Medical Corps, Republic of Korea Army, Gapyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jee Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Resesarch and Development Institute for In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Eun-Jee Oh,
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11
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Lee J, Lee DG, Jung J, Ryu JH, Shin S, Cho SY, Lee R, Oh EJ. Comprehensive assessment of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against various antigenic epitopes after naive COVID-19 infection and vaccination (BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19). Front Immunol 2022; 13:1038712. [PMID: 36578491 PMCID: PMC9791030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1038712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive assessment of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against antigenic epitopes and cross-neutralization on variants is essential to monitor after infection or vaccination. From 32 COVID-19 patients and 40 vaccinated individuals [20 Oxford-AstraZeneca (AZ) and 20 Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT)], 348 serial sera are collected until 40 days after infection and 3 months after homologous booster vaccination. Antibody levels were monitored using a multiplex-bead assay including variant spike antigens, Roche (S1/RBD total) and a surrogate virus neutralization test (GenScript). Anti-S/S1/RBD levels were higher than anti-S2/N levels from 2 weeks after infection and were higher in severe infection (P < 0.05). Vaccination showed highest antibody levels after 1-month booster and had consistently high levels in the order of anti-full S, anti-RBD, anti-S1 and anti-S2. Infection induced higher anti-S2/N levels than prime vaccination (P < 0.05). Three months after BNT/BNT vaccination, antibody levels against S1/RBD and 23 variant antigens were higher than post-infection or AZ groups (P < 0.05). Regarding intraindividual changes from post-prime to post-boost vaccination, boost induced a 1.1- to 3.9-fold increase on multiplex-bead assay, 22.8- to 24.2-fold on Roche assay and 22.8- to 24.2-fold on GenScript assay. Post-prime levels by multiplex-bead assay predicted post-boost levels, but Roche and GenScript results were not predictive in the AZ group. The kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels vary depending on the antigenic epitopes, assay kit, disease severity or vaccine type. Assessing seroconversion using multiplex-bead assays may contribute to monitoring the disease course, adjusting vaccination strategies, and accelerating vaccination efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Lee
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gun Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Jung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Resesarch and Development Institute for In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices of Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeong Ryu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Shin
- Resesarch and Development Institute for In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices of Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yeon Cho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Raeseok Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jee Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Resesarch and Development Institute for In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices of Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Eun-Jee Oh,
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12
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Temtanakitpaisan Y, Seangnipanthkul S, Sarakosol N, Maskasem S, Mongkon S, Buranrat B, Thammawat S, Patamatamkul S, Nernsai P. Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the intradermal administration of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in healthy adults who were primed with an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Vaccine X 2022; 12:100242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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13
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Müller L, Kannenberg J, Biemann R, Hönemann M, Ackermann G, Jassoy C. Comparison of the measured values of quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody assays. J Clin Virol 2022; 155:105269. [PMID: 36029637 PMCID: PMC9388276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background The concentration of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is frequently being measured for clinical and epidemiological purposes. The aim of this study was to examine whether the results of different quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody assays are comparable. Material and methods The Siemens SARS-CoV-2 IgG, Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant, Roche ElecsysT Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S, and Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2-QuantiVac assay were compared with 110 sera from patients 6-9 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and the WHO First International SARS-CoV-2 antibody standard 20/136. The antibody values were converted into WHO binding antibody units (BAU)/ml. The diagnostic sensitivity of the assays was determined and the antibody values were compared. Results The diagnostic sensitivity ranged from 57.3% (Euroimmun) to 100% (Roche). The antibody concentration values of different assays correlated with Pearson coefficients of correlation between 0.729 and 0.953. The geometric mean antibody values of the Abbott, Siemens and Euroimmun assay varied by a factor of 1.1-1.2. The geometric mean antibody values of the Roche assay were 2.4-2.8 times higher than those from the other assays. The assays yielded varying results with the WHO International antibody standard. Conclusions The quantitative SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays from Abbott, Siemens, Roche and Euroimmun correlate strongly but differ in the antibody concentrations. Therefore, the same assay should be used when testing patients repeatedly. In addition, the name of the assay used and the manufacturer should be indicated along with the test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Müller
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Judith Kannenberg
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Ronald Biemann
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mario Hönemann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | | | - Christian Jassoy
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
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14
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Sanghavi DK, Bhakta S, Wadei HM, Bosch W, Cowart JB, Carter RE, Shah SZ, Pollock BD, Neville MR, Oman SP, Speicher L, Siegel J, Scindia AD, Libertin CR, Kunze KL, Johnson PW, Matson MW, Franco PM. Low antispike antibody levels correlate with poor outcomes in COVID-19 breakthrough hospitalizations. J Intern Med 2022; 292:127-135. [PMID: 35194861 PMCID: PMC9115098 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While COVID-19 immunization programs attempted to reach targeted rates, cases rose significantly since the emergence of the delta variant. This retrospective cohort study describes the correlation between antispike antibodies and outcomes of hospitalized, breakthrough cases during the delta variant surge. METHODS All patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction hospitalized at Mayo Clinic Florida from 19 June 2021 to 11 November 2021 were considered for analysis. Cases were analyzed by vaccination status. Breakthrough cases were then analyzed by low and high antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, with a cut-off value of ≥132 U/ml. Outcomes included hospital length of stay (LOS), need for intensive care unit (ICU), mechanical ventilation, and mortality. We used 1:1 nearest neighbor propensity score matching without replacement to assess for confounders. RESULTS Among 627 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, vaccine breakthrough cases were older with more comorbidities compared to unvaccinated. After propensity score matching, the unvaccinated patients had higher mortality (27 [28.4%] vs. 12 [12.6%], p = 0.002) and LOS (7 [1.0-57.0] vs. 5 [1.0-31.0] days, p = 0.011). In breakthrough cases, low-titer patients were more likely to be solid organ transplant recipients (16 [34.0%] vs. 9 [12.3%], p = 0.006), with higher need for ICU care (24 [51.1%] vs. 22 [11.0%], p = 0.034), longer hospital LOS (median 6 vs. 5 days, p = 0.013), and higher mortality (10 [21.3%] vs. 5 [6.8%], p = 0.025) than high-titer patients. CONCLUSIONS Hospitalized breakthrough cases were more likely to have underlying risk factors than unvaccinated patients. Low-spike antibody titers may serve as an indicator for poor prognosis in breakthrough cases admitted to the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devang K Sanghavi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Shivang Bhakta
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Hani M Wadei
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Wendelyn Bosch
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jennifer B Cowart
- Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Rickey E Carter
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Sadia Z Shah
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Benjamin D Pollock
- Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew R Neville
- Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Sven P Oman
- Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Leigh Speicher
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jason Siegel
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ameya D Scindia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Claudia R Libertin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Katie L Kunze
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Patrick W Johnson
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Mark W Matson
- Center for Digital Health-Data & Analytics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Pablo Moreno Franco
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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15
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Seo JD, Nam M, Lee TH, Ahn YS, Shin SH, Han HY, Moon HW. Comparison of Four Systems for SARS-CoV-2 Antibody at Three Time Points after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061349. [PMID: 35741159 PMCID: PMC9222035 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) wanes over time after vaccination. Methods: We compared SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in serial samples from 350 vaccinated individuals at 3 time points (3 weeks after the first or second dose and before the third dose) with 4 assays: GenScript cPASS SARS-CoV-2 neutralization antibody detection kits (cPASS), Siemens SARS-CoV-2 IgG (sCOVG), Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant (CoV-2 IgG II), and an Immuno-On™ COVID-19 IgG test (Immuno-On IgG). Antibody levels by time, concordance between assays, and values from other tests corresponding to the percent inhibition results in cPASS were assessed. Results: The median values at three time points were 49.31%, 90.87%, and 53.38% inhibition for cPASS, 5.39, 13.65, and 2.24 U/mL for sCOVG, 570.25, 1279.65, and 315.80 AU/mL for CoV-2 IgG II, and 223.22, 362.20, and 62.20 relative units (RU) for Immuno-On IgG. The concordance with cPASS at each time point ranged from 0.735 to 0.984, showing the highest concordance in the second sample and lowest concordance in the third in all comparative tests. The values corresponded to 30% inhibition, and the cutoffs of cPASS, were 2.02 U/mL, 258.6 AU/mL, and 74.2 RU for each test. Those for 50%, 70%, and 90% inhibition were 3.16, 5.66, and 8.26 U/mL for sCOVG, while they were 412.5, 596.9, and 1121.6 AU/mL for CoV-2 IgG II and 141.8, 248.92, and 327.14 RU for Immuno-On IgG. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the dynamic changes in antibody values at different time points using four test systems and is expected to provide useful baseline data for comparative studies and standardization efforts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Do Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea; (J.D.S.); (T.H.L.); (Y.-S.A.); (S.-H.S.); (H.Y.H.)
| | - Minjeong Nam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Tae Hwan Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea; (J.D.S.); (T.H.L.); (Y.-S.A.); (S.-H.S.); (H.Y.H.)
| | - Yeon-Sun Ahn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea; (J.D.S.); (T.H.L.); (Y.-S.A.); (S.-H.S.); (H.Y.H.)
| | - Seon-Hyeon Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea; (J.D.S.); (T.H.L.); (Y.-S.A.); (S.-H.S.); (H.Y.H.)
| | - Hye Young Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea; (J.D.S.); (T.H.L.); (Y.-S.A.); (S.-H.S.); (H.Y.H.)
| | - Hee-Won Moon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea; (J.D.S.); (T.H.L.); (Y.-S.A.); (S.-H.S.); (H.Y.H.)
- Correspondence: author: ; Tel.: +82-2-2030-5583
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16
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Igawa G, Ai T, Yamamoto T, Ito K, Nojiri S, Saito K, Wakita M, Fukuda H, Hori S, Misawa S, Miida T, Seyama K, Takahashi K, Tabe Y, Naito T. Antibody response and seroprevalence in healthcare workers after the BNT162b2 vaccination in a University Hospital at Tokyo. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8707. [PMID: 35610464 PMCID: PMC9127282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12809-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, we reported a low seroprevalence of N-specific antibodies in 4147 health care workers (HCWs) at a frontline hospital in Tokyo, Japan. In Japan, a vaccine campaign was launched in early 2021. We re-evaluated seroprevalences of N- and S-specific antibodies in 2202 HCWs who took two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. In 2021, N-specific seroprevalence remains as low as 1.59%. The seroprevalences were comparable among all HCWs regardless of exposure levels. Almost all of the HCWs elicited S-specific antibodies after vaccination. However, the HCWs who had COVID-19 elicited higher S-specific antibody titers than those who did not have COVID-19. In the HCWs without a history of COVID-19, 1.1% (23 out of 2185) were seropositive with N-specific antibodies, indicating the existence of asymptomatic infections. Also, S-specific antibody titers were higher in females and younger HCWs, and in those who had severe side effects. However, S-specific antibody titers were lower depending on the number of days after the second dose of vaccination specifically in elderly individuals. In conclusion, this study indicates N-specific seroprevalence remains low in HCWs at a frontline hospital in Tokyo. The mRNA vaccine elicited S-specific antibody in HCWs, however, the titers decreased as the days proceeded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene Igawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takamasa Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanami Ito
- Department of Safety and Health Promotion, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuko Nojiri
- Medical Technology Innovation Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Saito
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Wakita
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukuda
- Department of Safety and Health Promotion, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Infection Control Unit, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infection Control Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Misawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Seyama
- Department of Safety and Health Promotion, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Tabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Toshio Naito
- Department of Safety and Health Promotion, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Research Support Utilizing Bioresource Bank, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Parthymou A, Habeos EE, Habeos GI, Deligakis A, Livieratos E, Marangos M, Chartoumpekis DV. Factors associated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titres 3 months post-vaccination with the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine: a longitudinal observational cohort study in western Greece. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057084. [PMID: 35589363 PMCID: PMC9121112 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has been extensively deployed during COVID-19 pandemic. One efficient method to evaluate response to vaccination is the assessment of humoral immunity by measuring SARS-CoV-2 antibody titres. We investigated the association between anthropometric parameters (age, body mass index), smoking, diabetes, statin use, hypertension, levels of 25(OH)D and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and SARS-CoV-2 antibody titres after vaccination. DESIGN In this longitudinal observational cohort study, 712 subjects were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies 3 months after the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify which factors are associated with the antibody titres. SETTING Healthcare units of western Greece (University Hospital of Patras and "St Andrews" State General Hospital of Patras). PARTICIPANTS All adults receiving their second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine at the participating healthcare units were eligible to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria were SARS-CoV-2 infection or positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody titre at baseline. Patients who did not provide all necessary information were excluded from our analyses. RESULTS We found age to be negatively associated with antibody titre (-0.005; 95% CI -0.009 to -0.001, p=0.0073), as was male gender (-0.11; 95% CI -0.1738 to -0.04617, p=0.0008). The interaction of age and gender was significant (-0.01090; 95% CI -0.01631 to -0.005490, p<0.0001), highlighting that the rate of decline in antibody titre with increasing age tends to be higher in men rather than in women. No linear trend was found between DHEAS levels and antibody titres when the lower quartile of DHEAS levels was used as reference. Tobacco use was associated with low antibody titre (-0.1097; 95% CI -0.174 to -0.046, p=0.0008) but overweight, obese or underweight subjects had similar antibody responses to normal-weight individuals. Although subjects with diabetes and hypertension had numerically lower antibody titres, this association was not statistically significant. Vitamin D levels showed no clear relationships with antibody titres. CONCLUSIONS Age, male gender and tobacco use are negatively associated with antibody titres after COVID-19 vaccination, but our data showed no clear correlation with vitamin D levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04954651; Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Parthymou
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Evagelia E Habeos
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - George I Habeos
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Ektoras Livieratos
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Markos Marangos
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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18
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Lee HJ, Jung J, Lee JH, Lee DG, Kim YB, Oh EJ. Comparison of Six Serological Immunoassays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Levels in the Vaccinated Population. Viruses 2022; 14:946. [PMID: 35632688 PMCID: PMC9147836 DOI: 10.3390/v14050946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibody (NAb) detection is critical for evaluating herd immunity and monitoring the efficacy of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this study, quantitative SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels after vaccination were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassays, enzyme immunoassays, and surrogate virus neutralization tests (sVNTs), as well as plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT). Sequential blood samples were collected before and 1 and 3 months after vaccination in 30 healthy participants (two doses of Oxford-AstraZeneca [AZ] or Pfizer-BioNTech [BNT]). After vaccination, all sera tested positive for PRNT, with NAb titers ranging from 1:10 to 1:723. Median NAb titers were higher in the BNT vaccine group than in the AZ vaccine group at both one and three months post-vaccination. Excellent overall concordance rates were observed between serological assays and PRNT. In a quantitative correlation analysis, the results of sVNTs showed a strong correlation with those of PRNT. Results of the four binding antibody assays showed a significant correlation with those of PRNT. The serologic assays evaluated in this study could be used as sVNTs to evaluate the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Jin Jung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
- Research and Development Institute for In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices of Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Dong-Gun Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Young Bong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Eun-Jee Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
- Research and Development Institute for In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices of Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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19
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Kim JK, Bae H, Ko GY, Lee J, Jung J, Jekarl DW, Choi AR, Lee S, Chung BH, Yang CW, Park SC, Oh EJ. Successful ABO-incompatible living donor kidney transplantation in a recipient who developed flow cytometry crossmatch-positive donor-specific class I HLA antibodies following COVID-19 vaccination. HLA 2022; 100:52-58. [PMID: 35484951 DOI: 10.1111/tan.14649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of COVID-19 vaccination on alloimmunization and clinical impact in transplant candidates remain largely unknown. In a 61-year-old man who had no donor-specific antibodies (DSA) and was planned to undergo ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation (ABOi KT), DSAs (anti-A24, anti-B51, anti-Cw14) developed after COVID-19 vaccination. After desensitization therapy, antibody level was further increased, leading to flow cytometric crossmatch-positive status. Donor-specific T cell immunity using interferon-gamma ELISPOT was continuously negative, whereas SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell immunity was intact. After confirming the C1q-negative status of DSA, the patient received ABOi KT. The patient had stable graft function and suppressed alloimmunity up to two months after KT. COVID-19 vaccination might relate to alloimmunization in transplant candidates, and desensitization through immune monitoring can help guide transplantation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kwon Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Bae
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geon Young Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Jung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Research and Development Institute for In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices of Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Jekarl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Research and Development Institute for In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices of Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ae-Ran Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangyoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Ha Chung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Woo Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Cheol Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jee Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Research and Development Institute for In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices of Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Side-By-Side Evaluation of Three Commercial ELISAs for the Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030577. [PMID: 35336984 PMCID: PMC8953933 DOI: 10.3390/v14030577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2020, WHO presented the first international standard (WHO IS) for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin. This standard is intended to serve as a reference reagent against which serological tests can be calibrated, thus creating better comparability of results between different tests, laboratories, etc. Here, we have examined three different commercial ELISA kits for the quantification of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, namely the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 QuantiVac ELISA (IgG) (Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany), the SERION ELISA agile (Institut Virion Serion, Würzburg, Germany), and the COVID-19 quantitative IgG ELISA (DeMediTec Diagnostics, Kiel, Germany). According to the manufacturers, all are calibrated against the WHO IS and can provide results in either international units (IU) (DeMediTec) or arbitrary antibody units (BAU) per milliliter (Euroimmun, Virion Serion), which are numerically identical, according to the WHO. A total of 50 serum samples from vaccinated individuals were tested side by side and according to the manufacturer’s instructions. We compared the test results of all three assays with each other to assess comparability and with a quantitative in-house virus neutralization test (micro-NT). In summary, our data are consistent with other studies published on this topic that tested similar assays from different manufacturers. Overall, the agreement between quantitative ELISAs is variable and cannot be used interchangeably despite calibration against a standard. Therefore, interpretation of results must still be individualized and tailored to each case. More importantly, our results highlight that quantitative ELISAs in their current form cannot replace neutralization tests.
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21
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Wu AHB, Nguyen ED, Ong CM, Yun C, Lynch KL. Rate of Serum SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Decline for Two mRNA Vaccines. J Appl Lab Med 2022; 7:625-627. [PMID: 34648027 PMCID: PMC8524641 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfab137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan H B Wu
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94110
| | - Eric D Nguyen
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94110
| | - Chui Mei Ong
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94110
| | - Cassandra Yun
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94110
| | - Kara L Lynch
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94110
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22
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Bonnet B, Chabrolles H, Archimbaud C, Brebion A, Cosme J, Dutheil F, Lambert C, Junda M, Mirand A, Ollier A, Pereira B, Regagnon C, Vidal M, Evrard B, Henquell C. Decline of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 6 Months After Full BNT162b2 Vaccination in Hospital Healthcare Workers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842912. [PMID: 35309363 PMCID: PMC8926062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials and real-world evidence on COVID-19 vaccines have shown their effectiveness against severe disease and death but the durability of protection remains unknown. We analysed the humoral and T-cell immune responses in 110 healthcare workers (HCWs) vaccinated according to the manufacturer's recommended schedule of dose 2 three weeks after dose 1 from a prospective on-going cohort in early 2021, 3 and 6 months after full vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Anti-RBD IgG titres were lower in HCWs over 60 years old 3 months after the second dose (p=0.03) and declined in all the subjects between 3 and 6 months with a median percentage change of -58.5%, irrespective of age and baseline comorbidities. Specific T-cell response measured by IGRA declined over time by at least 42% (median) in 91 HCWs and increased by 33% (median) in 17 others. Six HCWs had a negative T-cell response at 6 months. Ongoing follow-up should provide correlates of long-term protection according to the different immune response profiles observed. COVIDIM study was registered under the number NCT04896788 on clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bonnet
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont Ferrand), Immunology Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Auvergne University, UMR UNH, ECREIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hélène Chabrolles
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont Ferrand), 3IHP, Virology Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS UMR, LMGE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christine Archimbaud
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont Ferrand), 3IHP, Virology Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS UMR, LMGE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amélie Brebion
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont Ferrand), 3IHP, Virology Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Justine Cosme
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont Ferrand), Immunology Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont Ferrand), Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS, LaPSCo Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Céline Lambert
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont Ferrand), Clinical Research and Innovation Direction (DRCI), Biostatistics Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maud Junda
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont Ferrand), Immunology Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Audrey Mirand
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont Ferrand), 3IHP, Virology Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS UMR, LMGE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amandine Ollier
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont Ferrand) 3 IHP, Clinical Research and Innovation Direction, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont Ferrand), Clinical Research and Innovation Direction (DRCI), Biostatistics Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christel Regagnon
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont Ferrand), 3IHP, Virology Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Magali Vidal
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont Ferrand), 3 IHP, Infectious Diseases Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bertrand Evrard
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont Ferrand), Immunology Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Auvergne University, UMR UNH, ECREIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cécile Henquell
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital (CHU Clermont Ferrand), 3IHP, Virology Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS UMR, LMGE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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23
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Mayanskiy NA, Brzhozovskaya EA, Stoyanova SS, Frolkov AV, Lebedin Y. Dynamic changes in the concentration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies within 12 months after recovery from COVID-19. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2022.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Generation and maintenance of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for overcoming the pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19. The study was aimed to assess the dynamic changes in the levels of IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) with the use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, calibrated using the International Standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (IS-SARS-CoV-2). The concentrations of anti-RBD-IgG were measured in the cohort of individuals, who had recovered from COVID-19, with an interval of a month for 6 months, and at a time point of 12 months, using the ELISA kits, calibrated with the use of IS-SARS-CoV-2; the results were expressed in binding antibody units (BAU) per 1 mL. A total of 97 blood serum samples, obtained from 20 individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection, confirmed by PCR, were collected. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of anti-RBD-IgG was 433 BAU/mL (range 36-25,900 BAU/mL) within a month after the infection. The concentration of anti-RBD-IgG gradually decreased with time and reached the GMT value of 68 BAU/mL by the 12th month; anti-RBD-IgG persisted in 13 individuals (93%) out of 14, examined 12 months after the infection. The standardized quantitative serological data play a vital part in monitoring the immune response and make in easier to compare the studies, providing the basis for seeking the common serological correlate of the protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- NA Mayanskiy
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - EA Brzhozovskaya
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - SS Stoyanova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - AV Frolkov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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24
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Wieland E. Immunological Biomarkers in Blood to Monitor the Course and Therapeutic Outcomes of COVID-19. Ther Drug Monit 2022; 44:148-165. [PMID: 34840314 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a great challenge to the medical community because little is known about its clinical course, therapeutic options, and laboratory monitoring tools for diagnosis, prognosis, and surveillance. This review focuses on immune biomarkers that can be measured in peripheral blood in a clinical laboratory under routine conditions to monitor the innate immune system response in the acute phase, as well as the adaptive immune response established both after infection and vaccination. METHODS A PubMed search was performed covering January 2020 to June 2021 to extract biomarkers suitable for monitoring the immune response and outcome of COVID-19 and therapeutic interventions, including vaccination. RESULTS To monitor the innate immune response, cytokines such as interleukin-6 or acute phase reactants such as C-reactive protein or procalcitonin can be measured on autoanalyzers complemented by automated white blood cell differential counts. The adaptive immune response can be followed by commercially available enzyme-linked immune spot assays to assess the specific activation of T cells or by monitoring immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM, and IgG antibodies in serum to follow B-cell activation. As antigens of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, spike and nucleocapsid proteins are particularly suitable and allow differentiation between the immune response after infection or vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Routine immune monitoring of COVID-19 is feasible in clinical laboratories with commercially available instruments and reagents. Strategies such as whether biomarkers reflecting the response of the innate and adaptive immune system can be used to make predictions and assist in individualizing therapeutic interventions or vaccination strategies need to be determined in appropriate clinical trials. Promising preliminary data are already available based on single-center reports and completed or ongoing vaccination trials.
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25
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Barrière J, Carles M, Audigier-Valette C, Re D, Adjtoutah Z, Seitz-Polski B, Gounant V, Descamps D, Zalcman G. Third dose of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for patients with cancer: Should humoral responses be monitored? A position article. Eur J Cancer 2022; 162:182-193. [PMID: 35016032 PMCID: PMC8674546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Taking into account higher risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 or death among patients with cancer, as well as impaired immunogenicity after anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, in addition to waning immunity, booster dosing appears mandatory in this patient population. This review sought to provide reasonable evidence so as to assist oncologists in their daily practice, helping them decide when an anti-SARS-Cov2 antibody (Ab) dosage should be scheduled after a full two-dose vaccination and, if necessary, propose an early third dose (D3). Such D3 could apply to non-responder patients with anti-Spike (S) Abs titres <40 binding Ab unit (BAU)/mL. For lowresponder patients with anti-S Ab titres between 40 BAU/mL and 100/260 BAU/mL (suggested area of uncertainty), an early D3 may similarly be proposed. Nevertheless, this D3 could be administered in a less urgent manner, taking into account associated comorbidities and regional epidemic incidence rates. This latter strategy may comprise a monthly dosage of anti-S titres so as to better assess the kinetics of waning immunity. For responder patients with anti-S titres above 260 BAU/mL, we suggest to follow the recommendations outlined for the general population. Given this context, patients with anti-S titres above 1000 BAU/mL should be given the possibility to undergo anti-S titre control after three months, designed to assess rapid humoral waning immunity. We strongly recommend that patients with cancer be included into observational serological monitoring studies or clinical trials that are dedicated to severe immunocompromised patients without any humoral seroconversion after D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Barrière
- Medical Oncology Department, Polyclinique Saint-Jean, 92 Avenue Dr Donat, FR-06800, Cagnes-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Michel Carles
- Infectious Diseases Department, Côte D'Azur University, CHU de Nice, Hôpital Archet 1, FR-06000, Nice, France.
| | - Clarisse Audigier-Valette
- Pulmonology and Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Toulon Sainte-Musse, 54 rue Henri-Sainte-Claire-Deville, FR-83056 Toulon, France.
| | - Daniel Re
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Antibes Juan-les-Pins, 107 Route de Nice, FR-06600 Antibes, France.
| | - Zoubir Adjtoutah
- Medical Biology Laboratory, Cerballiance Côte D'Azur, 52 Avenue des Alpes FR-06800, Cagnes-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Barbara Seitz-Polski
- Department of Immunology & UR2CA, Côte D'Azur University, CHU Nice, 151 Route Saint-Antoine de Ginestière FR-06200 Nice, France.
| | - Valérie Gounant
- Thoracic Oncology Department & INSERM Centre D'Investigation Clinique 1425, Université de Paris, University Institute of Cancer AP-HP North, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP.Nord), 46 Rue Henri Huchard, Paris, France.
| | - Diane Descamps
- Department of Virology and INSERM UMR 1137, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP.Nord), 46 Rue Henri Huchard, Paris, France.
| | - Gérard Zalcman
- Thoracic Oncology Department & INSERM Centre D'Investigation Clinique 1425, Université de Paris, University Institute of Cancer AP-HP North, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP.Nord), 46 Rue Henri Huchard, Paris, France.
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Nam M, Seo JD, Moon HW, Kim H, Hur M, Yun YM. Evaluation of Humoral Immune Response after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Using Two Binding Antibody Assays and a Neutralizing Antibody Assay. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0120221. [PMID: 34817223 PMCID: PMC8612149 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01202-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been developed and administered to mitigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We assessed the humoral response of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 using Siemens SARS-CoV-2 IgG (sCOVG; cutoff of ≥1.0 U/ml), Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant (CoV-2 IgG II; cutoff of ≥50.0 AU/ml), and GenScript cPASS SARS-CoV-2 neutralization antibody detection kits (cPASS; cutoff of ≥30% inhibition). We collected 710 serum samples (174 samples after BNT162b2 and 536 samples after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19). Venous blood was obtained 3 weeks after first and second vaccinations. In both vaccines, sCOVG, CoV-2 IgG II, and cPASS showed a high seropositive rate (>95.7%) except for cPASS after the first vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (68.8%). Using sCOVG and CoV-2 IgG II, the ratios of antibody value (second/first) increased 10.6- and 11.4-fold in BNT162b2 (first 14.1, second 134.8 U/ml; first 1,416.2, second 14,326.4 AU/ml) and 2.3- and 2.0-fold in ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (first 4.0, second 9.1 U/ml; first 431.0, second 9,744.0 AU/ml). cPASS-positive results indicated a very high concordance rate with sCOVG and CoV-2 IgG II (>98%), whereas cPASS-negative results showed a relatively low concordance rate (range of 22.2% to 66.7%). To predict cPASS positivity, we suggested additional cutoffs for sCOVG and CoV-2 IgG II at 2.42 U/ml and 284 AU/ml, respectively. In conclusion, BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 evoked robust humoral responses. sCOVG and CoV-2 IgG II showed a very strong correlation with cPASS. sCOVG and CoV-2 IgG II may predict the presence of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. IMPORTANCE The Siemens severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG (sCOVG; Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., NY, USA) and Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant (CoV-2 IgG II; Abbott Laboratories, Sligo, Ireland), which are automated, quantitative SARS-CoV-2-binding antibody assays, have been recently launched. This study aimed to evaluate the humoral immune response of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines using sCOVG and CoV-2 IgG II and compare the quantitative values with the results of the GenScript surrogate virus neutralization test (cPASS; GenScript, USA Inc., NJ, USA). Our findings demonstrated that both BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 elicited a robust humoral response after the first vaccination and further increased after the second vaccination. sCOVG and CoV-2 IgG II showed a strong correlation, and the concordance rates among sCOVG, CoV-2 IgG II, and cPASS were very high in the cPASS-positive results. The additional cutoff sCOVG and CoV-2 IgG II could predict the results of cPASS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Nam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Do Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Won Moon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hanah Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mina Hur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeo-Min Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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