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Andleeb H, Papke RL, Stokes C, Richter K, Herz SM, Chiang K, Kanumuri SRR, Sharma A, Damaj MI, Grau V, Horenstein NA, Thakur GA. Explorations of Agonist Selectivity for the α9* nAChR with Novel Substituted Carbamoyl/Amido/Heteroaryl Dialkylpiperazinium Salts and Their Therapeutic Implications in Pain and Inflammation. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8642-8666. [PMID: 38748608 PMCID: PMC11181317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for nonopioid treatments for chronic and neuropathic pain to provide effective alternatives amid the escalating opioid crisis. This study introduces novel compounds targeting the α9 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit, which is crucial for pain regulation, inflammation, and inner ear functions. Specifically, it identifies novel substituted carbamoyl/amido/heteroaryl dialkylpiperazinium iodides as potent agonists selective for human α9 and α9α10 over α7 nAChRs, particularly compounds 3f, 3h, and 3j. Compound 3h (GAT2711) demonstrated a 230 nM potency as a full agonist at α9 nAChRs, being 340-fold selective over α7. Compound 3c was 10-fold selective for α9α10 over α9 nAChR. Compounds 2, 3f, and 3h inhibited ATP-induced interleukin-1β release in THP-1 cells. The analgesic activity of 3h was fully retained in α7 knockout mice, suggesting that analgesic effects were potentially mediated through α9* nAChRs. Our findings provide a blueprint for developing α9*-specific therapeutics for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Andleeb
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Roger L. Papke
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University
of Florida, P.O. Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Clare Stokes
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University
of Florida, P.O. Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Katrin Richter
- Department
of General and Thoracic Surgery, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery,
Justus-Liebig-University, German Center for Lung Research [DZL], Cardio-Pulmonary Institute [CPI], Giessen 35385, Germany
| | - Sara M. Herz
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia
Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Ka Chiang
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia
Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Siva R. Raju Kanumuri
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Abhisheak Sharma
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - M. Imad Damaj
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia
Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Veronika Grau
- Department
of General and Thoracic Surgery, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery,
Justus-Liebig-University, German Center for Lung Research [DZL], Cardio-Pulmonary Institute [CPI], Giessen 35385, Germany
| | - Nicole A. Horenstein
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Ganesh A. Thakur
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Alzahrani NA, Bahaidrah KA, Mansouri RA, Aldhahri RS, Abd El-Aziz GS, Alghamdi BS. Possible Prophylactic Effects of Sulforaphane on LPS-Induced Recognition Memory Impairment Mediated by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammatory Proteins in the Prefrontal Cortex Region of the Brain. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1107. [PMID: 38791068 PMCID: PMC11118062 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a significant global health concern, characterized by neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Neuroinflammation is a crucial factor in AD development and progression, yet effective pharmacotherapy remains elusive. Sulforaphane (SFN), derived from cruciferous vegetables and mainly from broccoli, has shown a promising effect via in vitro and in vivo studies as a potential treatment for AD. This study aims to investigate the possible prophylactic mechanisms of SFN against prefrontal cortex (PFC)-related recognition memory impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. METHODOLOGY Thirty-six Swiss (SWR/J) mice weighing 18-25 g were divided into three groups (n = 12 per group): a control group (vehicle), an LPS group (0.75 mg/kg of LPS), and an LPS + SFN group (25 mg/kg of SFN). The total duration of the study was 3 weeks, during which mice underwent treatments for the initial 2 weeks, with daily monitoring of body weight and temperature. Behavioral assessments via novel object recognition (NOR) and temporal order recognition (TOR) tasks were conducted in the final week of the study. Inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH, and CAT), and pro-oxidant (MDA) level, in addition to acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity and active (caspase-3) and phosphorylated (AMPK) levels, were evaluated. Further, PFC neuronal degeneration, Aβ content, and microglial activation were also examined using H&E, Congo red staining, and Iba1 immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS SFN pretreatment significantly improved recognition memory performance during the NOR and TOR tests. Moreover, SFN was protected from neuroinflammation and oxidative stress as well as neurodegeneration, Aβ accumulation, and microglial hyperactivity. CONCLUSION The obtained results suggested that SFN has a potential protective property to mitigate the behavioral and biochemical impairments induced by chronic LPS administration and suggested to be via an AMPK/caspase-3-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Ahmed Alzahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.B.); (R.A.M.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Khulud Abdullah Bahaidrah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.B.); (R.A.M.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Rasha A. Mansouri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.B.); (R.A.M.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Rahaf Saeed Aldhahri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.B.); (R.A.M.); (R.S.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal S. Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Neuroscience and Geroscience Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Kawashima K, Mashimo M, Nomura A, Fujii T. Contributions of Non-Neuronal Cholinergic Systems to the Regulation of Immune Cell Function, Highlighting the Role of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4564. [PMID: 38674149 PMCID: PMC11050324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Loewi's discovery of acetylcholine (ACh) release from the frog vagus nerve and the discovery by Dale and Dudley of ACh in ox spleen led to the demonstration of chemical transmission of nerve impulses. ACh is now well-known to function as a neurotransmitter. However, advances in the techniques for ACh detection have led to its discovery in many lifeforms lacking a nervous system, including eubacteria, archaea, fungi, and plants. Notably, mRNAs encoding choline acetyltransferase and muscarinic and nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) have been found in uninnervated mammalian cells, including immune cells, keratinocytes, vascular endothelial cells, cardiac myocytes, respiratory, and digestive epithelial cells. It thus appears that non-neuronal cholinergic systems are expressed in a variety of mammalian cells, and that ACh should now be recognized not only as a neurotransmitter, but also as a local regulator of non-neuronal cholinergic systems. Here, we discuss the role of non-neuronal cholinergic systems, with a focus on immune cells. A current focus of much research on non-neuronal cholinergic systems in immune cells is α7 nAChRs, as these receptors expressed on macrophages and T cells are involved in regulating inflammatory and immune responses. This makes α7 nAChRs an attractive potential therapeutic target.
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Grants
- 19-31: TF; 20-25: TF. Individual Research Grants from the Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts
- 24590120, K.K., T.F., K.H.; 22K06638, T.F., A.N., 15K18871, M.M.; 15K07979, T.F., 15K07969-m, K.K.; 18K06903, T.F. The Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Kawashima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masato Mashimo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan; (M.M.); (A.N.)
| | - Atsuo Nomura
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan; (M.M.); (A.N.)
| | - Takeshi Fujii
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan; (M.M.); (A.N.)
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Xing L, Ma P, Chen F. A novel turn-on near-infrared fluorescent probe for highly sensitive in vitro and in vivo detection of acetylcholinesterase activity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 310:123954. [PMID: 38290281 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a key enzyme in the cholinergic pathway of the nervous systems, with its aberrant expression linked to various diseases. In this study, we have developed a novel Turn-On near-infrared fluorescent probe, TQ-AChE, for the sensitive and selective detection of AChE activity. Characterized by its near-infrared emission at 740 nm, TQ-AChE effectively overcomes the limitations of traditional fluorescent probes, such as short excitation wavelengths and limited tissue penetration, crucial for both in vitro and in vivo applications. The probe's low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.02 U/mL for AChE makes it highly sensitive, enabling rapid quantification of AChE activity in serum effectively. Cell imaging studies demonstrate that TQ-AChE can confirm higher AChE activity expression in normal liver cells compared to liver cancer cells. TQ-AChE can also monitor AChE fluctuations in APAP-induced acute effectively, facilitating the evaluation of the efficacy of liver detoxifying agents. Additionally, in vivo studies in mouse models validate the potential of the probe in real-time monitoring of AChE expression in liver injury. The ability of TQ-AChE to visualize AChE expression signifies its potential as a promising tool for early liver disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring, opening new possibilities in hepatological research and clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xing
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Nanomedicine and Translational Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130030, China
| | - Pinyi Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Nanomedicine and Translational Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130030, China.
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Lee EP, Lin JJ, Chang HP, Yen CW, Hsieh MS, Chan OW, Lin KL, Su YT, Mu CT, Hsia SH. Ferritin as an Effective Predictor of Neurological Outcomes in Children With Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 152:162-168. [PMID: 38295717 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a fulminant disease with poor prognosis. Cytokine storm is the important phenomenon of ANE that affects the brain and multiple organs. The study aimed to identify whether hyperferritinemia was associated with poor prognosis in patients with ANE. METHODS All patients with ANE had multiple symmetric lesions located in the bilateral thalami and other regions such as brainstem tegmentum, cerebral white matter, and cerebellum. Neurological outcome at discharge was evaluated by pediatric neurologists using the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category Scale. All risk factors associated with poor prognosis were further analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS Twenty-nine patients with ANE were enrolled in the current study. Nine (31%) patients achieved a favorable neurological outcome, and 20 (69%) patients had poor neurological outcomes. results The group of poor neurological outcome had significantly higher proportion of shock on admission and brainstem involvement. Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, ferritin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and ANE severity score (ANE-SS) were the predictors associated with outcomes. The appropriate cutoff value for predicting neurological outcomes in patients with ANE was 1823 ng/mL for ferritin, 78 U/L for AST, and 4.5 for ANE-SS. Besides, comparison analyses showed that higher level of ferritin and ANE-SS were significantly correlated with brainstem involvement (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Ferritin may potentially be a prognostic factor in patients with ANE. Hyperferritinemia is associated with poor neurological outcomes in patients with ANE and ferritin levels more than 1823 ng/mL have about eightfold increased risk of poor neurological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Pei Lee
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linko, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jainn-Jim Lin
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linko, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Pi Chang
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linko, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wei Yen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shun Hsieh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taoyuan Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oi-Wa Chan
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linko, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Lin Lin
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Chang Gung Children's Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Su
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linko, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Mu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hsuan Hsia
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linko, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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6
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Dallanoce C, Richter K, Stokes C, Papotto C, Andleeb H, Thakur GA, Kerr A, Grau V, Papke RL. New Alpha9 nAChR Ligands Based on a 5-(Quinuclidin-3-ylmethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole Scaffold. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:827-843. [PMID: 38335726 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence have indicated that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) that contain α9 subunits, probably in combination with α10 subunits, may be valuable targets for the management of pain associated with inflammatory diseases through a cholinergic anti-inflammatory system (CAS), which has also been associated with α7 nAChR. Both α7- and α9-containing neuronal nAChR can be pharmacologically distinguished from the high-affinity nicotinic receptors of the brain by their sensitivity to α-bungarotoxin, but in other ways, they have quite distinct pharmacological profiles. The early association of α7 with CAS led to the development of numerous new ligands, variously characterized as α7 agonists, partial agonists, or silent agonists that desensitized α7 receptors without activation. Subsequent reinvestigation of one such family of α7 ligands based on an N,N-diethyl-N'-phenylpiperazine scaffold led to the identification of potent agonists and antagonists for α9. In this paper, we characterize the α9/α10 activity of a series of compounds based on a 5-(quinuclidin-3-ylmethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (QMO) scaffold and identify two new potent ligands of α9, QMO-28, an agonist, and QMO-17, an antagonist. We separated the stereoisomers of these compounds to identify the most potent agonist and discovered that only the 3R isomer of QMO-17 was an α9 antagonist, permitting an in silico model of α9 antagonism to be developed. The α9 activity of these compounds was confirmed to be potentially useful for CAS management of inflammatory pain in cell-based assays of cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clelia Dallanoce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section "Pietro Pratesi″, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Katrin Richter
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, German Center for Lung Research [DZL], Cardio-Pulmonary Institute [CPI], Giessen 35390, Germany
| | - Clare Stokes
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida 32610 United States
| | - Claudio Papotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section "Pietro Pratesi″, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Hina Andleeb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ganesh A Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Andrew Kerr
- United States Naval Research Laboratory, 6920 Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Veronika Grau
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, German Center for Lung Research [DZL], Cardio-Pulmonary Institute [CPI], Giessen 35390, Germany
| | - Roger L Papke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, Florida 32610 United States
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7
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Fornari Laurindo L, Aparecido Dias J, Cressoni Araújo A, Torres Pomini K, Machado Galhardi C, Rucco Penteado Detregiachi C, Santos de Argollo Haber L, Donizeti Roque D, Dib Bechara M, Vialogo Marques de Castro M, de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira E, José Tofano R, Jasmin Santos German Borgo I, Maria Barbalho S. Immunological dimensions of neuroinflammation and microglial activation: exploring innovative immunomodulatory approaches to mitigate neuroinflammatory progression. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1305933. [PMID: 38259497 PMCID: PMC10800801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1305933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing life expectancy has led to a higher incidence of age-related neurodegenerative conditions. Within this framework, neuroinflammation emerges as a significant contributing factor. It involves the activation of microglia and astrocytes, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and the infiltration of peripheral leukocytes into the central nervous system (CNS). These instances result in neuronal damage and neurodegeneration through activated nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) family pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathways and decreased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity. Due to limited effectiveness regarding the inhibition of neuroinflammatory targets using conventional drugs, there is challenging growth in the search for innovative therapies for alleviating neuroinflammation in CNS diseases or even before their onset. Our results indicate that interventions focusing on Interleukin-Driven Immunomodulation, Chemokine (CXC) Receptor Signaling and Expression, Cold Exposure, and Fibrin-Targeted strategies significantly promise to mitigate neuroinflammatory processes. These approaches demonstrate potential anti-neuroinflammatory effects, addressing conditions such as Multiple Sclerosis, Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Parkinson's Disease, and Alzheimer's Disease. While the findings are promising, immunomodulatory therapies often face limitations due to Immune-Related Adverse Events. Therefore, the conduction of randomized clinical trials in this matter is mandatory, and will pave the way for a promising future in the development of new medicines with specific therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Aparecido Dias
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Torres Pomini
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Machado Galhardi
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luíza Santos de Argollo Haber
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Domingos Donizeti Roque
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dib Bechara
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Vialogo Marques de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo José Tofano
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iris Jasmin Santos German Borgo
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), School of Dentistry of Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo (FOB-USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
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Costantini E, Carrarini C, Calisi D, De Rosa M, Simone M, Di Crosta A, Palumbo R, Cipollone A, Aielli L, De Laurentis M, Colarusso L, Pilotto A, Padovani A, Konstantinidou F, Gatta V, Stuppia L, Cipollone F, Di Nicola M, Reale M, Bonanni L. Search in the Periphery for Potential Inflammatory Biomarkers of Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:1147-1158. [PMID: 38759010 PMCID: PMC11191525 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation, with altered peripheral proinflammatory cytokine production, plays a major role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), while the role of inflammation in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is less known and the results of different studies are often in disagreement. Objective The present study aimed to investigate the levels of TNFα and IL-6 in serum and supernatants, and the related DNA methylation in patients affected by DLB and AD compared to healthy controls (HCs), to clarify the role of epigenetic mechanisms of DNA promoter methylation on of pro-inflammatory cytokines overproduction. Methods Twenty-one patients with DLB and fourteen with AD were frequency-matched for age and sex with eleven HCs. Clinical evaluation, TNFα and IL-6 gene methylation status, cytokine gene expression levels and production in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) supernatants were performed. Results In AD and DLB patients, higher serum levels of IL-6 and TNFα were detected than in HCs. Differences in LPS-stimulated versus spontaneous PBMCs were observed between DLB, AD, and HC in the levels of TNFα (p = 0.027) and IL-6 (p < 0.001). Higher levels were also revealed for sIL-6R in DLB (p < 0.001) and AD (p < 0.001) in comparison with HC.DNA hypomethylation in IL-6 and TNFα CpG promoter sites was detected for DLB and AD patients compared to the corresponding site in HCs. Conclusions Our preliminary study documented increased levels of IL-6 and TNFα in DLB and AD patients to HCs. This overproduction can be due to epigenetic mechanisms regarding the hypomethylation of DNA promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudia Carrarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Calisi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Matteo De Rosa
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marianna Simone
- Clinics of Neurology SS. Annunziata Hospital of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Adolfo Di Crosta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rocco Palumbo
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessia Cipollone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lisa Aielli
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Pilotto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Parkinson’s Disease Rehabilitation Centre, FERB ONLUS-S, Isidoro Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fani Konstantinidou
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Cipollone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcella Reale
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Bonanni
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
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9
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Ma J, Yuan T, Gao Y, Zeng X, Liu Z, Gao J. Torreya grandis oil attenuates cognitive impairment in scopolamine-induced mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:10520-10534. [PMID: 37946597 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03800a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The oil of Torreya grandis (TGO), a common nut in China, is considered to be a bioactive edible oil and has a great value in functional food development. In this study, the neuroprotective effects of TGO were investigated on a scopolamine (SCOP)-induced C57BL/6J mouse model. The mice were pretreated with TGO for 30 days (1000 mg per kg per day and 3000 mg per kg per day, i.g.). Behavioral tests showed that the supplementation of TGO could prevent the cognitive deficits induced by SCOP. TGO rebalanced the disorder of the cholinergic system by upgrading the level of acetylcholine. TGO also alleviated the over-activation of microglia and inhibited neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Additionally, TGO could regulate the composition of gut microbiota, increase the production of short-chain fatty acids, and decrease the content of lipopolysaccharides in the serum. In conclusion, TGO has the potential to prevent loss of memory and impairment of cognition, which may be related to its regulation of the gut microbiota-metabolite-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Yuan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqi Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoming Zeng
- Anhui Kangxinxiang Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Yuexi 246600, Anhui, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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10
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Wang M, Liu W, Ge J, Liu S. The immunomodulatory mechanisms for acupuncture practice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147718. [PMID: 37090714 PMCID: PMC10117649 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The system physiology approaches that emerge in western countries in recent years echo the holistic view of ancient Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practices that deal with the root, rather than only the symptoms of diseases. Particularly, TCM practices, including acupuncture, emphasize the mobilization of self-healing mechanisms to bring back body homeostasis. Acupuncture has been practiced for over two thousand years to modulate body physiology via stimulation at specific body regions (acupoints). With the development of various research on acupuncture therapy, its regulatory effect on the immune system has been gradually recognized, especially on immunological diseases, including infectious and allergic diseases. In this study, we reviewed the immunomodulatory mechanism of acupuncture and systematically integrates existing research to respectively elucidate the modulatory mechanisms of acupuncture on the innate immune system, adaptive immune system, and well-known neuroanatomical mechanisms, including intact somatosensory-autonomic reflex pathway. With the advances made in recent systems physiology studies, we now have a great opportunity to gain insight into how acupuncture modulates immunity, and subsequently improves its efficacy.
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11
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Kang JY, Kim JM, Park SK, Lee HL, Heo HJ. A Mixture of Artemisia argyi and Saururus chinensis Improves PM 2.5-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in the Lung and Brain. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1230. [PMID: 36986919 PMCID: PMC10059966 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the improving effect of a mixture of Artemisia argyi and Saururus chinensis (AASC) on cognitive dysfunction in mice with long-term exposure to fine particles (particulate matter smaller than 2.5 µm: PM2.5). The main compounds of AASC were identified as dicaffeoylquinic acid isomers of A. argyi and a quercetin-3-glucoside of S. chinesis. As a result of behavioral tests for the evaluation of cognitive function, it was confirmed that cognitive dysfunction was induced in the PM2.5 exposure group, and a tendency to improve in the AASC group was confirmed. Increased oxidative stress and inflammatory response and mitochondrial dysfunction were observed in the brain and lung tissues of the PM group. Damage to the brain and lung affected the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain. It increased Aβ and induced the cholinergic dysfunction, hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein, and activation of apoptosis, leading to cognitive impairment. However, AASC suppressed brain and lung oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby suppressing brain Aβ expression. Consequently, this study shows the potential that a steady intake of plant resources with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity could prevent cognitive impairment caused by PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yong Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Research and Development Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Kyeong Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Korea Food Research institute, Wanju-Gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Lim Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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12
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Wu L, Dong Y, Zhu C, Chen Y. Effect and mechanism of acupuncture on Alzheimer's disease: A review. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1035376. [PMID: 36936498 PMCID: PMC10020224 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1035376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development trend of an aging society, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become an urgent problem in the field of medicine worldwide. Cognitive impairment in AD patients leads to a decline in the ability to perform daily living and abnormalities in behavior and personality, causing abnormal psychiatric symptoms, which seriously affect the daily life of patients. Currently, mainly drug therapy is used for AD patients in the clinic, but a large proportion of patients will experience drug efficacy not working, and even some drugs bring severe sleep disorders. Acupuncture, with its unique concept and treatment method, has been validated through a large number of experiments and proved its reliability of acupuncture in the treatment of AD. Many advances have been made in the study of the neurobiological mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of AD, further demonstrating the good efficacy and unique advantages of acupuncture in the treatment of AD. This review first summarizes the pathogenesis of AD and then illustrates the research progress of acupuncture in the treatment of AD, which includes the effect of acupuncture on the changes of biochemical indicators in AD in vivo and the specific mechanism of action to exert the therapeutic effect. Changes in relevant indicators of AD similarly further validate the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment. The clinical and mechanistic studies of acupuncture in the treatment of AD are intensified to fit the need for social development. It is believed that acupuncture will achieve new achievements in the treatment of AD as research progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wu
- Department of Tuina, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuting Dong
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhu
- Department of Galactophore, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Emergency, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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13
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Hughes FM, Odom MR, Cervantes A, Livingston AJ, Purves JT. Why Are Some People with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) Depressed? New Evidence That Peripheral Inflammation in the Bladder Causes Central Inflammation and Mood Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2821. [PMID: 36769140 PMCID: PMC9917564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anecdotal evidence has long suggested that patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) develop mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety, at a higher rate than the general population and recent prospective studies have confirmed this link. Breakthroughs in our understanding of the diseases underlying LUTS have shown that many have a substantial inflammatory component and great strides have been made recently in our understanding of how this inflammation is triggered. Meanwhile, studies on mood disorders have found that many are associated with central neuroinflammation, most notably in the hippocampus. Excitingly, work on other diseases characterized by peripheral inflammation has shown that they can trigger central neuroinflammation and mood disorders. In this review, we discuss the current evidence tying LUTS to mood disorders, its possible bidirectionally, and inflammation as a common mechanism. We also review modern theories of inflammation and depression. Finally, we discuss exciting new animal studies that directly tie two bladder conditions characterized by extensive bladder inflammation (cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis and bladder outlet obstruction) to neuroinflammation and depression. We conclude with a discussion of possible mechanisms by which peripheral inflammation is translated into central neuroinflammation with the resulting psychiatric concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis M. Hughes
- Department Urology, Duke University Medical Center, P.O. Box 3831, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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14
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Huang L, Kim MY, Cho JY. Immunopharmacological Activities of Luteolin in Chronic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032136. [PMID: 36768462 PMCID: PMC9917216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have been shown to have anti-oxidative effects, as well as other health benefits (e.g., anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor functions). Luteolin (3', 4', 5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid found in vegetables, fruits, flowers, and herbs, including celery, broccoli, green pepper, navel oranges, dandelion, peppermint, and rosemary. Luteolin has multiple useful effects, especially in regulating inflammation-related symptoms and diseases. In this paper, we summarize the studies about the immunopharmacological activity of luteolin on anti-inflammatory, anti-cardiovascular, anti-cancerous, and anti-neurodegenerative diseases published since 2018 and available in PubMed or Google Scholar. In this review, we also introduce some additional formulations of luteolin to improve its solubility and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.:+82-2-820-0458 (M.-Y.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.:+82-2-820-0458 (M.-Y.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
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15
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Costantini E, Carrarini C, Borrelli P, De Rosa M, Calisi D, Consoli S, D’Ardes D, Cipollone F, Di Nicola M, Onofrj M, Reale M, Bonanni L. Different peripheral expression patterns of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:3. [PMID: 36647139 PMCID: PMC9843938 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diffuse distribution of nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs) in both brain and peripheral immune cells points out their involvement in several pathological conditions. Indeed, the deregulated function of the nAChR was previously correlated with cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The evaluation in peripheral immune cells of nAChR subtypes, which could reflect their expression in brain regions, is a prominent investigation area. OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the expression levels of both the nAChR subunits and the main known inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with DLB and AD to better characterize their involvement in these two diseases. RESULTS Higher gene expression levels of TNFα, IL6 and IL1β were observed in DLB and AD patients in comparison with healthy controls (HC). In our cohort, a reduction of nAChRα4, nAChRβ2 and nAChRβ4 was detected in both DLB and AD with respect to HC. Considering nAChR gene expressions in DLB and AD, significant differences were observed for nAChRα3, nAChRα4, nAChRβ2 and nAChRβ4 between the two groups. Moreover, the acetylcholine esterase (AChE) gene expression was significantly higher in DLB than in AD. Correlation analysis points out the relation between different nAChR subtype expressions in DLB (nAChRβ2 vs nAChRα3; nAChRα4 vs nAChRα3) and AD (nAChRα4 vs nAChRα3; nAChRα4 vs nAChRβ4; nAChRα7 vs nAChRα3; nAChRα7 vs nAChRα4). CONCLUSIONS Different gene expressions of both pro-inflammatory cytokines and nAChR subtypes may represent a peripheral link between inflammation and neurodegeneration. Inflammatory cytokines and different nAChRs should be valid and accurate peripheral markers for the clinical diagnosis of DLB and AD. However, although nAChRs show a great biological role in the regulation of inflammation, no significant correlation was detected between nAChR subtypes and the examined cytokines in our cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Costantini
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - C. Carrarini
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - P. Borrelli
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Biostatistics, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - M. De Rosa
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - D. Calisi
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - S. Consoli
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - D. D’Ardes
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - F. Cipollone
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - M. Di Nicola
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Biostatistics, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - M. Onofrj
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M. Reale
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - L. Bonanni
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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16
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Kansakar U, Trimarco V, Mone P, Varzideh F, Lombardi A, Santulli G. Choline supplements: An update. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1148166. [PMID: 36950691 PMCID: PMC10025538 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1148166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this comprehensive review, we examine the main preclinical and clinical investigations assessing the effects of different forms of choline supplementation currently available, including choline alfoscerate (C8H20NO6P), also known as alpha-glycerophosphocholine (α-GPC, or GPC), choline bitartrate, lecithin, and citicoline, which are cholinergic compounds and precursors of acetylcholine. Extensively used as food supplements, they have been shown to represent an effective strategy for boosting memory and enhancing cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Montefiore Health System, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Montefiore Health System, New York, NY, United States
- ASL Avellino, Montefiore Health System, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Montefiore Health System, New York, NY, United States
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montefiore Health System, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Angela Lombardi,
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Montefiore Health System, New York, NY, United States
- University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Montefiore Health System, New York, NY, United States
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17
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Agoston DV, McCullough J, Aniceto R, Lin IH, Kamnaksh A, Eklund M, Graves WM, Dunbar C, Engall J, Schneider EB, Leonessa F, Duckworth JL. Blood-Based Biomarkers of Repetitive, Subconcussive Blast Overpressure Exposure in the Training Environment: A Pilot Study. Neurotrauma Rep 2022; 3:479-490. [PMID: 36337080 PMCID: PMC9634979 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2022.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their unknown long-term effects, repeated mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), including the low, subconcussive ones, represent a specific challenge to healthcare systems. It has been hypothesized that they can have a cumulative effect, and they may cause molecular changes that can lead to chronic degenerative processes. Military personnel are especially vulnerable to consequences of subconcussive TBIs because their training involves repeated exposures to mild explosive blasts. In this pilot study, we collected blood samples at baseline, 6 h, 24 h, 72 h, 2 weeks, and 3 months after heavy weapons training from students and instructors who were exposed to repeated subconcussive blasts. Samples were analyzed using the reverse and forward phase protein microarray platforms. We detected elevated serum levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), nicotinic alpha 7 subunit (CHRNA7), occludin (OCLN), claudin-5 (CLDN5), matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9), and intereukin-6 (IL-6). Importantly, serum levels of most of the tested protein biomarkers were the highest at 3 months after exposures. We also detected elevated autoantibody titers of proteins related to vascular and neuroglia-specific proteins at 3 months after exposures as compared to baseline levels. These findings suggest that repeated exposures to subconcussive blasts can induce molecular changes indicating not only neuron and glia damage, but also vascular changes and inflammation that are detectable for at least 3 months after exposures whereas elevated titers of autoantibodies against vascular and neuroglia-specific proteins can indicate an autoimmune process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denes V. Agoston
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Address correspondence to: Denes V. Agoston, MD, PhD, Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Building B, Room 2036, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Jesse McCullough
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Roxanne Aniceto
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - I-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alaa Kamnaksh
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Eklund
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wallace M. Graves
- NeuroTactical Research Team, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Camp Pendleton, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cyrus Dunbar
- NeuroTactical Research Team, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Camp Pendleton, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James Engall
- NeuroTactical Research Team, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Camp Pendleton, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric B. Schneider
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Fabio Leonessa
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Josh L. Duckworth
- NeuroTactical Research Team, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Camp Pendleton, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Toxicological Evaluation and In Silico Identification of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in a Commercial Polyherbal Formulation (KWAPF01). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4388941. [PMID: 35873645 PMCID: PMC9307333 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4388941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the toxicological implications of a commercial polyherbal formulation, KWAPF01. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomized into six groups of four animals per group. The animals in Group 1 were administered placebo and designated as control, while the rats in Groups 2 to 6 were administered 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 mg/kg bodyweight single oral dose of KWAPF01, respectively, and subsequently monitored for gross morphological and behavioural changes for 72 h. Piloerection, reduced motility, and tremor were observed in experimental groups, and the median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was 2225.94 mg/kg bodyweight. The 11 compounds identified through HPLC analysis of the extract were docked against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and the docking scores ranged from −5.3 to −10.8 kcal/mol, with catechol (−5.3 kcal/mol) and berberine (−10.8 kcal/mol) having the highest and lowest binding energies, respectively. Judging by the results, it could be inferred that some of the constituents of KWAPF01 have a direct impact on the nervous system and this is possibly elicited via the cholinergic system as it contains a nicotinic acetylcholine receptors agonist and potential inhibitors of AChE. Therefore, the use of KWAPF01 needs to be cautiously guided.
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19
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Flores-Aguilar L, Hall H, Orciani C, Foret MK, Kovecses O, Ducatenzeiler A, Cuello AC. Early loss of locus coeruleus innervation promotes cognitive and neuropathological changes before amyloid plaque deposition in a transgenic rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12835. [PMID: 35822518 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The locus coeruleus (LC) is the main source of noradrenaline (NA) in the mammalian brain and has been found to degenerate during the initial stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies indicate that at late stages of the amyloid pathology, LC-pathological alterations accelerate AD-like pathology progression by interfering with the neuromodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of NA. However, the impact of LC degeneration at the earliest stages of amyloidosis on the AD-like pathology is not well understood. METHODS The LC was lesioned in wild-type (wt) and McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic rats (APP tg) by administering N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-bromo-benzylamine (DSP4) before amyloid plaque deposition. Cognitive deficits and AD-like neuropathological changes were measured after the LC lesion. RESULTS Four months post-treatment, rats displayed a decrease in brain noradrenergic innervation. The LC lesion in APP tg-treated rats enhanced cognitive deficits and decreased hippocampal cholinergic innervation and neurotrophin expression. In addition, the APP tg-treated rats displayed an increased microglial and astroglial cell number in close vicinity to hippocampal amyloid-beta burdened neurons. The recruited microglia showed cellular alterations indicative of an intermediate activation state. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that early LC demise aggravates the early neuroinflammatory process, cognitive impairments, cholinergic deficits and neurotrophin deregulation at the earliest stages of the human-like brain amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisi Flores-Aguilar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Current affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, United States of America
| | - Hélène Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Chiara Orciani
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Morgan K Foret
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Olivia Kovecses
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Visiting Professor, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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20
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Cristancho Ortiz CJ, de Freitas Silva M, Pruccoli L, Fonseca Nadur N, de Azevedo LL, Kümmerle AE, Guedes IA, Dardenne LE, Leomil Coelho LF, Guimarães MJ, da Silva FMR, Castro N, Gontijo VS, Rojas VCT, de Oliveira MK, Vilela FC, Giusti-Paiva A, Barbosa G, Lima LM, Pinheiro GB, Veras LG, Mortari MR, Tarozzi A, Viegas C. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new thalidomide-donepezil hybrids as neuroprotective agents targeting cholinesterases and neuroinflammation. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:568-584. [PMID: 35694691 PMCID: PMC9132228 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00374g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of eight multifunctional thalidomide-donepezil hybrids were synthesized based on the multi-target-directed ligand strategy and evaluated as potential neuroprotective, cholinesterase inhibitors and anti-neuroinflammatory agents against neurodegenerative diseases. A molecular hybridization approach was used for structural design by combining the N-benzylpiperidine pharmacophore of donepezil and the isoindoline-1,3-dione fragment from the thalidomide structure. The most promising compound, PQM-189 (3g), showed good AChE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 3.15 μM, which was predicted by docking studies as interacting with the enzyme in the same orientation observed in the AChE-donepezil complex and a similar profile of interaction. Additionally, compound 3g significantly decreased iNOS and IL-1β levels by 43% and 39%, respectively, after 24 h of incubation with lipopolysaccharide. In vivo data confirmed the ability of 3g to prevent locomotor impairment and changes in feeding behavior elicited by lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, the PAMPA assay evidenced adequate blood-brain barrier and gastrointestinal tract permeabilities with an Fa value of 69.8%. Altogether, these biological data suggest that compound 3g can treat the inflammatory process and oxidative stress resulting from the overexpression of iNOS and therefore the increase in reactive nitrogen species, and regulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β. In this regard, compound PQM-189 (3g) was revealed to be a promising neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory agent with an innovative thalidomide-donepezil-based hybrid molecular architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Juliet Cristancho Ortiz
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas 2600 Jovino Fernandes Sales Ave. Alfenas MG 37130-840 Brazil
| | - Matheus de Freitas Silva
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas 2600 Jovino Fernandes Sales Ave. Alfenas MG 37130-840 Brazil
| | - Letizia Pruccoli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna'Alma Mater Studiorum' 237 Corso d'Augusto St. 47921 Rimini Italy
| | - Nathália Fonseca Nadur
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro 21941-902 Seropédica RJ Brazil
| | - Luciana Luíza de Azevedo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro 21941-902 Seropédica RJ Brazil
| | - Arthur Eugen Kümmerle
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro 21941-902 Seropédica RJ Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Felipe Leomil Coelho
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St Alfenas MG 37130-840 Brazil
| | - Marcos J Guimarães
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro/RJ Brazil
| | - Fernanda M R da Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro/RJ Brazil
| | - Newton Castro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro/RJ Brazil
| | - Vanessa Silva Gontijo
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas 2600 Jovino Fernandes Sales Ave. Alfenas MG 37130-840 Brazil
| | - Viviana C T Rojas
- Laboratory of Physiology, Federal University of Alfenas 2600 Jovino Fernandes Sales Avenue Alfenas MG 37130-840 Brazil
| | - Merelym Ketterym de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Physiology, Federal University of Alfenas 2600 Jovino Fernandes Sales Avenue Alfenas MG 37130-840 Brazil
| | - Fabiana Cardoso Vilela
- Laboratory of Physiology, Federal University of Alfenas 2600 Jovino Fernandes Sales Avenue Alfenas MG 37130-840 Brazil
| | - Alexandre Giusti-Paiva
- Laboratory of Physiology, Federal University of Alfenas 2600 Jovino Fernandes Sales Avenue Alfenas MG 37130-840 Brazil
| | - Gisele Barbosa
- LASSBio - Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro/RJ Brazil
| | - Lídia Moreira Lima
- LASSBio - Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro/RJ Brazil
| | - Gabriela Beserra Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília Brasilia DF 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Letícia Germino Veras
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília Brasilia DF 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Márcia Renata Mortari
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília Brasilia DF 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Andrea Tarozzi
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas 2600 Jovino Fernandes Sales Ave. Alfenas MG 37130-840 Brazil .,Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna'Alma Mater Studiorum' 237 Corso d'Augusto St. 47921 Rimini Italy
| | - Claudio Viegas
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas 2600 Jovino Fernandes Sales Ave. Alfenas MG 37130-840 Brazil
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21
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Park JE, Leem YH, Park JS, Kim DY, Kang JL, Kim HS. Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Mechanisms of GTS-21, an α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist, in Neuroinflammation and Parkinson's Disease Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084420. [PMID: 35457238 PMCID: PMC9026703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is crucial in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, controlling neuroinflammation has been proposed as an important therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative disease. In the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of GTS-21, a selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) agonist, in neuroinflammation and Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse models. GTS-21 inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells and primary microglia. Further research revealed that GTS-21 has anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and upregulating AMPK, Nrf2, CREB, and PPARγ signals. The effects of GTS-21 on these pro-/anti-inflammatory signaling molecules were reversed by treatment with an α7 nAChR antagonist, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effects of GTS-21 are mediated through α7 nAChR activation. The anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties of GTS-21 were then confirmed in LPS-induced systemic inflammation and MPTP-induced PD model mice. In LPS-injected mouse brains, GTS-21 reduced microglial activation and production of proinflammatory markers. Furthermore, in the brains of MPTP-injected mice, GTS-21 restored locomotor activity and dopaminergic neuronal cell death while inhibiting microglial activation and pro-inflammatory gene expression. These findings suggest that GTS-21 has therapeutic potential in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (J.-E.P.); (Y.-H.L.); (J.-S.P.); (D.-Y.K.)
| | - Yea-Hyun Leem
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (J.-E.P.); (Y.-H.L.); (J.-S.P.); (D.-Y.K.)
| | - Jin-Sun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (J.-E.P.); (Y.-H.L.); (J.-S.P.); (D.-Y.K.)
| | - Do-Yeon Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (J.-E.P.); (Y.-H.L.); (J.-S.P.); (D.-Y.K.)
| | - Jihee Lee Kang
- Department of Physiology, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea;
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (J.-E.P.); (Y.-H.L.); (J.-S.P.); (D.-Y.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-6986-6270
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22
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Sultzer DL, Lim AC, Gordon HL, Yarns BC, Melrose RJ. Cholinergic receptor binding in unimpaired older adults, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease dementia. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:25. [PMID: 35130968 PMCID: PMC8819935 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00954-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholinergic neurotransmitter system dysfunction contributes to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease and other syndromes. However, the specific cholinergic mechanisms and brain structures involved, time course of alterations, and relationships with specific cognitive deficits are not well understood. METHODS This study included 102 older adults: 42 cognitively unimpaired (CU), 28 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 32 with Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. Each participant underwent a neuropsychological assessment. Regional brain α4β2 nicotinic cholinergic receptor binding (VT/fp) was measured using 2-[18F]fluoro-3-(2(S)azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine (2FA) and PET imaging. Voxel-wise analyses of group differences were performed. Relationships between receptor binding and cognition, age, and cholinesterase inhibitor medication use were assessed using binding values in six prespecified regions of interest. RESULTS SPM analysis showed the group VT/fp binding differences in the bilateral entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, insula, anterior cingulate, thalamus, and basal ganglia (p < .05, FWE-corrected). Pairwise comparisons revealed lower binding in the AD group compared to the CU group in similar regions. Binding in the entorhinal cortex was lower in the MCI group than in the CU group; binding in the hippocampus was lower in the AD group than in the MCI group. AD participants taking cholinesterase inhibitor medication had lower 2FA binding in the bilateral hippocampus and thalamus compared to those not taking medication. In the CU group, age was negatively associated with 2FA binding in each region of interest (rs = - .33 to - .59, p < .05 for each, uncorrected). Attention, immediate recall, and delayed recall scores were inversely associated with 2FA binding in most regions across the full sample. In the combined group of CU and MCI participants, attention was inversely associated with 2FA binding in most regions, beyond the effect of hippocampal volume. CONCLUSIONS Nicotinic cholinergic receptor binding in specific limbic and subcortical regions is lower in MCI and further reduced in AD dementia, compared to CU older adults, and is related to cognitive deficits. Cognitive decline with age may be a consequence of reduced cholinergic receptor density or binding affinity that may also promote vulnerability to other Alzheimer's processes. Contemporary modification of the "cholinergic deficit" of aging and AD may reveal opportunities to prevent or improve clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Sultzer
- grid.417119.b0000 0001 0384 5381Psychiatry/Mental Health Service, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, and Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Aaron C. Lim
- grid.417119.b0000 0001 0384 5381Psychiatry/Mental Health Service, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Family Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Alhambra, CA USA
| | - Hailey L. Gordon
- grid.417119.b0000 0001 0384 5381Psychiatry/Mental Health Service, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.147455.60000 0001 2097 0344Biomedical Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Brandon C. Yarns
- grid.417119.b0000 0001 0384 5381Psychiatry/Mental Health Service, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Rebecca J. Melrose
- grid.417119.b0000 0001 0384 5381Psychiatry/Mental Health Service, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
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23
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Nakata Y, Miura K, Yamasaki N, Ogata S, Miura S, Hosomi N, Kaminuma O. Expression and Function of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Induced Regulatory T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031779. [PMID: 35163704 PMCID: PMC8836781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A contribution of the cholinergic system to immune cell function has been suggested, though the role of nicotine and its receptors in T cells, especially regulatory T (Treg) cells, is unclear. We herein investigated the expression and function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in murine-induced Treg (iTreg) cells. Upon differentiation of naive BALB/c T cells into iTreg cells and other T-cell subsets, the effect of nicotine on cytokine production and proliferation of iTreg cells was examined. The expression of nAChRs and its regulatory mechanisms were comparatively analyzed among T-cell subsets. Stimulation-induced transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) production of iTreg cells was suppressed by nicotine, whereas interleukin (IL)-10 production and proliferation was not affected. α2-, α5-, α9-, and β2-nAChRs were differentially expressed in naive, Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, and iTreg cells. Among these cell types, the α9-nAChR was particularly upregulated in iTreg cells via its gene promoter, but not through tri-methylation at the 4th lysine residue of the histone H3-dependent mechanisms. We conclude that the immunoregulatory role of Treg cells is modified by the cholinergic system, probably through the characteristic expression of nAChRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Nakata
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Kento Miura
- Department of Disease Model, Research Institute of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (K.M.); (N.Y.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (N.H.)
| | - Norimasa Yamasaki
- Department of Disease Model, Research Institute of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (K.M.); (N.Y.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (N.H.)
| | - Sawako Ogata
- Department of Disease Model, Research Institute of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (K.M.); (N.Y.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (N.H.)
| | - Shuka Miura
- Department of Disease Model, Research Institute of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (K.M.); (N.Y.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (N.H.)
| | - Naohisa Hosomi
- Department of Disease Model, Research Institute of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (K.M.); (N.Y.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (N.H.)
| | - Osamu Kaminuma
- Department of Disease Model, Research Institute of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (K.M.); (N.Y.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (N.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-82-257-5819
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24
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Batool S, Furqan T, Hasan Mahmood MS, Tweedie D, Kamal MA, Greig NH. In Silico and Ex Vivo Analyses of the Inhibitory Action of the Alzheimer Drug Posiphen and Primary Metabolites with Human Acetyl- and Butyrylcholinesterase Enzymes. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:70-79. [PMID: 35178511 PMCID: PMC8845043 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Alzheimer’s
disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative
disorder worldwide. Ongoing research to develop AD treatments has
characterized multiple drug targets including the cholinergic system,
amyloid-β peptide, phosphorylated tau, and neuroinflammation.
These systems have the potential to interact to either drive or slow
AD progression. Promising agents that simultaneously impact many of
these drug targets are the AD experimental drug Posiphen and its enantiomer
phenserine that, currently, are separately being evaluated in clinical
trials. To define the cholinergic component of these agents, the anticholinesterase
activities of a ligand dataset comprising Posiphen and primary metabolites
((+)-N1-norPosiphen, (+)-N8-norPosiphen, and (+)-N1,N8-bisnorPosiphen)
were characterized and compared to those of the enantiomer phenserine.
The “target” dataset involved the human cholinesterase
enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE).
Binding interactions between the ligands and targets were analyzed
using Autodock 4.2. The computationally determined inhibitory action
of these ligands was then compared to ex vivo laboratory-measured
values versus human AChE and BChE. While Posiphen lacked AChE inhibitory
action, its major and minor metabolites (+)-N1-norPosiphen and (+)-N1,N8-bisnorPosiphen,
respectively, possessed modest AChE inhibitory activity, and Posiphen
and all metabolites lacked BChE action. Phenserine, as a positive
control, demonstrated AChE-selective inhibitory action. In light of
AChE inhibitory action deriving from a major and minor Posiphen metabolite,
current Posiphen clinical trials in AD and related disorders should
additionally evaluate AChE inhibition; particularly if Posiphen should
be combined with a known anticholinesterase, since this drug class
is clinically approved and the standard of care for AD subjects, and
excessive AChE inhibition may impact drug tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Batool
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Tiyyaba Furqan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | | | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Mohammad A. Kamal
- West China School of Nursing / Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041 Sichuan, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Khagan, Dhaka 1340, Bangladesh
- Enzymoics, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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25
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Ramos-Martínez IE, Rodríguez MC, Cerbón M, Ramos-Martínez JC, Ramos-Martínez EG. Role of the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Reflex in Central Nervous System Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413427. [PMID: 34948222 PMCID: PMC8705572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In several central nervous system diseases, it has been reported that inflammation may be related to the etiologic process, therefore, therapeutic strategies are being implemented to control inflammation. As the nervous system and the immune system maintain close bidirectional communication in physiological and pathological conditions, the modulation of inflammation through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex has been proposed. In this review, we summarized the evidence supporting chemical stimulation with cholinergic agonists and vagus nerve stimulation as therapeutic strategies in the treatment of various central nervous system pathologies, and their effect on inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Emmanuel Ramos-Martínez
- Glycobiology, Cell Growth and Tissue Repair Research Unit (Gly-CRRET), Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010 Créteil, France;
| | - María Carmen Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, SSA, Morelos 62100, Mexico;
| | - Marco Cerbón
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (E.G.R.-M.)
| | - Juan Carlos Ramos-Martínez
- Cardiology Department, Hospital General Regional Lic. Ignacio Garcia Tellez IMSS, Yucatán 97150, Mexico;
| | - Edgar Gustavo Ramos-Martínez
- Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68120, Mexico
- Instituto de Cómputo Aplicado en Ciencias, Oaxaca 68044, Mexico
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (E.G.R.-M.)
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26
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Reale M, Carrarini C, Russo M, Dono F, Ferri L, Pietro MD, Costantini E, Porreca A, Nicola MD, Onofrj M, Bonanni L. Muscarinic Receptors Expression in the Peripheral Blood Cells Differentiate Dementia with Lewy Bodies from Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:323-330. [PMID: 34806612 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central nervous system disruption of cholinergic (ACh) signaling, which plays a major role in cognitive processes, is well documented in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The expression of muscarinic ACh receptors type 1 and 4 (CHRM1 and CHRM4) has been reported to be altered in the brain of DLB patients. OBJECTIVE We aim to assess the peripheral gene expression of CHRM1 and 4 in DLB as a possible marker as compared to AD and healthy control (HC) subjects. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 21 DLB, 13 AD, and 8 HC matched subjects. RT-PCR was performed to estimate gene expression of CHRM1 and CHRM4. RESULTS Peripheral CHRM1 expression was higher and CHRM4 was lower in DLB and AD compared to HC, whereas both CHRM1 and CHRM4 levels were higher in AD compared to DLB patients. Receiver operating characteristics curves, with logistic regression analysis, showed that combining peripheral CHRM1 and CHRM4 levels, DLB and AD subjects were classified with an accuracy of 76.0%. CONCLUSION Alterations of peripheral CHRM1 and CHRM4 was found in both AD and DLB patients as compared to HC. CHRM1 and CHRM4 gene expression resulted to be lower in DLB patients compared to AD. In the future, peripheral CHRM expression could be studied as a possible marker of neurodegenerative conditions associated with cholinergic deficit and a possible marker of response to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Reale
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudia Carrarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirella Russo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fedele Dono
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Ferri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Martina Di Pietro
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Erica Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annamaria Porreca
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Bonanni
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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