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Bhuyan AJ, Nath PP, Bharali SJ, Saikia L. A novel μ 3-CO 3 bridged linear polymeric Cu-complex ([Cu 3(DMAP) 8(μ 3-CO 3) 2]I 2) n · xH 2O: synthesis, characterization and catalytic applications in the synthesis of phenoxypyrimidines and arylthiopyrimidines via C-O and C-S cross-coupling reactions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:18478-18488. [PMID: 38860258 PMCID: PMC11163513 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00001c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This manuscript reports on the synthesis and characterization of a new polymeric copper complex ([Cu3(DMAP)8(μ3-CO3)2]I2) n ·xH2O and its successful application in C-O and C-S cross coupling reactions for the synthesis of biologically important phenoxypyrimidine and arylthiopyrimidine scaffolds. In an attempt to synthesize [Cu(DMAP)4I]I by adopting a procedure reported by Roy et al. with slight modification, the authors discovered a new polymeric Cu-complex that contains μ3-CO3 bridges. The polymeric linear structure of the complex was established using single crystal X-ray analysis. FT-IR, UV-vis and DSC studies were also performed on the polymeric complex. This novel polymeric Cu-complex was found to efficiently catalyse C-O/C-S cross coupling reactions between chloropyrimidines and phenols/thiophenols in an aqueous medium within a short reaction time, delivering their corresponding phenoxypyrimidines and arylthiopyrimidines. Using this protocol, 22 phenoxypyrimidines and 6 arylthiopyrimidines were successfully synthesized. The synthesized novel compounds were well characterized using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and HRMS analysis and were screened for their drug-likeness properties using the SwissADME webtool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Jyoti Bhuyan
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi University (A Central University) Rono-Hills, Doimukh-791112 India
| | - Partha Pratim Nath
- Department of Chemistry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science & Technology Nirjuli Itanagar-791109 India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati-781039 India
| | | | - Lakhinath Saikia
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi University (A Central University) Rono-Hills, Doimukh-791112 India
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2
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Castiñeiras A, Fernández-Hermida N, García-Santos I, Gómez-Rodríguez L, Frontera A, Niclós-Gutiérrez J. Synthesis, Structural Characterisation, and Electrochemical Properties of Copper(II) Complexes with Functionalized Thiosemicarbazones Derived from 5-Acetylbarbituric Acid. Molecules 2024; 29:2245. [PMID: 38792107 PMCID: PMC11124361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The reaction between 5-acetylbarbituric acid and 4-dimethylthiosemicarbazide or 4-hexamethyleneiminyl thiosemicarbazide produces 5-acetylbarbituric-4-dimethylthiosemicarbazone (H2AcbDM) and 5-acetylbarbituric-4N-hexamethyleneiminyl thiosemicarbazone (H2Acbhexim). Eight new complexes with different copper(II) salts have been prepared and characterized using elemental analysis, molar conductance, UV-Vis, ESI-HRMS, FT-IR, magnetic moment, EPR, and cyclic voltammetry. In addition, three-dimensional molecular structures of [Cu(HAcbDM)(H2O)2](NO3)·H2O (3a), [Cu(HAcbDM)(H2O)2]ClO4 (4), and [Cu(HAcbHexim)Cl] (6) were determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography, and an analysis of their supramolecular structure was carried out. The H-bonded assemblies were further studied energetically using DFT calculations and MEP surface and QTAIM analyses. In these complexes, the thiosemicarbazone coordinates to the metal ion in an ONS-tridentate manner, in the O-enolate/S-thione form. The electrochemical behavior of the thiosemicarbazones and their copper(II) complexes has been investigated at room temperature using the cyclic voltammetry technique in DMFA. The Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox system was found to be consistent with the quasi-reversible diffusion-controlled process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Castiñeiras
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (L.G.-R.)
| | - Nuria Fernández-Hermida
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (L.G.-R.)
| | - Isabel García-Santos
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (L.G.-R.)
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Rodríguez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (L.G.-R.)
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Juan Niclós-Gutiérrez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
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3
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Kim M, Choi YS, Jeong DH. SERS detection of dopamine using metal-chelated Ag nanoshell. RSC Adv 2024; 14:14214-14220. [PMID: 38690106 PMCID: PMC11060141 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00476k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
As the concentrations of different neurotransmitters can indicate the presence of certain disorders affecting brain functions, quantitative analyses of neurotransmitters have attracted increasing attention in various fields. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is an outstanding spectroscopic analytical tool that enables detection at the single molecule level with high specificity. As local field enhancement of surface plasmon is effective within nanometers, active interaction between SERS-active noble metals (gold and silver) and analyte molecules enhances the molecular detection capacity of SERS. However, neurotransmitters and noble metal nanoparticles are often not affinitive, because neurotransmitters generally have a hydroxyl group rather than a thiol group. As a result, the interaction between the two typically remains inactive, which makes detection more difficult. To overcome this limitation, in the present work we utilized metal-chelation to attract dopamine, a neurotransmitter molecule, close to the surface of silver nanoparticles. AgNS was capped with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and sequentially integrated with copper ion to bind dopamine in the form of chelate bonding between dopamine and copper. The PVA linked AgNS and metal ions through a coordinate bond between hydroxyl groups and metal ions. This metal-chelation-functionalized nanoprobe allowed us to stably detect dopamine in aqueous solution at a concentration of less than 10-6 M. Therefore, this method provides a convenient and easy-to-prepare option for the effective detection of dopamine, thus meaning it has the potential to be applied to other neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry Education, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sik Choi
- Department of Chemistry Education, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry Education, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Center for Educational Research, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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4
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Nogué-Guzmán VC, Burgos-Suazo A, Rivera-Reyes JO, Montes Quiñones VP, Ramis-Aybar PC, Burgos-Jiménez AC, González-Nieves K, Piñero-Cruz DM. New copper carboxyl-ate pyrene dimers: synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and electrochemical characterization. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2024; 80:1-9. [PMID: 38312155 PMCID: PMC10833376 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989023010277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Two new copper dimers, namely, bis-(dimethyl sulfoxide)-tetra-kis-(μ-pyrene-1-carboxyl-ato)dicopper(Cu-Cu), [Cu2(C17H9O2)4(C2H6OS)2] or [Cu2(pyr-COO-)4(DMSO)2] (1), and bis-(di-methyl-formamide)-tetra-kis-(μ-pyrene-1-carboxyl-ato)dicopper(Cu-Cu), [Cu2(C17H9O2)4(C3H7NO)2] or [Cu2(pyr-COO-)4(DMF)2] (2) (pyr = pyrene), were synthesized from the reaction of pyrene-1-carb-oxy-lic acid, copper(II) nitrate and tri-ethyl-amine from solvents DMSO and DMF, respectively. While 1 crystallized in the space group P , the crystal structure of 2 is in space group P21/n. The Cu atoms have octa-hedral geometries, with four oxygen atoms from carboxyl-ate pyrene ligands occupying the equatorial positions, a solvent mol-ecule coordinating at one of the axial positions, and a Cu⋯Cu contact in the opposite position. The packing in the crystal structures exhibits π-π stacking inter-actions and short contacts through the solvent mol-ecules. The Hirshfeld surfaces and two-dimensional fingerprint plots were generated for both compounds to better understand the inter-molecular inter-actions and the contribution of heteroatoms from the solvent ligands to the crystal packing. In addition, a Cu2+/Cu1+ quasi-reversible redox process was identified for compound 2 using cyclic voltammetry that accounts for a diffusion-controlled electron-donation process to the Cu dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianca C. Nogué-Guzmán
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Carolina Campus, Carolina, 00984-4800, Puerto Rico
| | - Alejandro Burgos-Suazo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, 00927, Puerto Rico
| | - Javier O. Rivera-Reyes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, 00927, Puerto Rico
| | - Vasti P. Montes Quiñones
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Carolina Campus, Carolina, 00984-4800, Puerto Rico
| | - Paola C. Ramis-Aybar
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Carolina Campus, Carolina, 00984-4800, Puerto Rico
| | - Adriana C. Burgos-Jiménez
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Carolina Campus, Carolina, 00984-4800, Puerto Rico
| | - Karilys González-Nieves
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Carolina Campus, Carolina, 00984-4800, Puerto Rico
| | - Dalice M. Piñero-Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, 00927, Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico’s Molecular Sciences Research Center, San Juan, 00926, Puerto Rico
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5
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Bahanan W, Fatimah S, Song H, Lee EH, Kim DJ, Yang HW, Woo CH, Ryu J, Widiantara IP, Ko YG. Moldflow Simulation and Characterization of Pure Copper Fabricated via Metal Injection Molding. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5252. [PMID: 37569963 PMCID: PMC10419387 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal injection molding (MIM) is a representative near-net-shape manufacturing process that fabricates advanced geometrical components for automobile and device industries. As the mechanical performance of an MIM product is affected by green-part characteristics, this work investigated the green part of pure copper processed with MIM using the injection temperature of ~180 °C and injection pressure of ~5 MPa. A computational analysis based on the Moldflow program was proposed to simulate the effectivity of the process by evaluating the confidence of fill, quality prediction, and pressure drop of three distinctive regions in the green part. The results showed that the ring and edge regions of the green parts showed localized behavior, which was related to processing parameters including the position of the gate. A microstructural observation using scanning electron microscopy and a 3D X-ray revealed that both the surface and body matrix consisted of pores with some agglomeration of micro-pores on the edges and ring part, while any critical defects, such as a crack, were not found. A microhardness analysis showed that the three regions exhibited a reasonable uniformity with a slight difference in one specific part mainly due to the localized pore agglomeration. The simulation results showed a good agreement with the microstructures and microhardness data. Thus, the present results are useful for providing guidelines for the sound condition of MIM-treated pure copper with a complex shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warda Bahanan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Siti Fatimah
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseok Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Lee
- Kyerim Metal Co., Ltd., Chilgok 39910, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ju Kim
- SeA Mechanics Co., Ltd., Gumi 39379, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Woong Yang
- Pohang Institute of Metal Industry Advancement, Pohang 37666, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Woo
- Kyerim Metal Co., Ltd., Chilgok 39910, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Ryu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - I Putu Widiantara
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gun Ko
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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6
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Hegde V, O SC, Kulkarni NV, Mathew J. Synthesis and Characterization of Cobalt (II) Pincer Complexes and their Application as Dyes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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7
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Synthesis and characterization of a series of cobalt complexes: Investigation of their efficacy as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cell applications. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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9
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Altowyan MS, Khalil SMSM, Al-Wahaib D, Barakat A, Soliman SM, Ali AE, Elbadawy HA. Synthesis of a Novel Unexpected Cu(II)–Thiazolidine Complex—X-ray Structure, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, and Biological Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144583. [PMID: 35889457 PMCID: PMC9319961 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An unexpected trinuclear Cu(II)–thiazolidine complex has been synthesized by mixing CuCl2·2H2O with the Schiff base ligand, 1-(((4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazono)methyl)phenol L, in ethanol. Unexpectedly, the reaction proceeded via the hydrolysis of the Schiff base L, followed by cyclization to afford 3-methyl-5,6-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-c][1,2,3]triazole (La), then complexation with the Cu(II) salt, forming the trinuclear [Cu3(La)4(Cl)6] complex. The complex was characterized by means of FTIR spectra, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. In the trinuclear [Cu3(La)4(Cl)6] complex, there are two crystallographically independent hexa- and penta-coordinated Cu(II) sites, where the thiazolidine ligand La units act as a monodentate ligand and a linker between the Cu(II) centers. The crystal packing of the [Cu3(La)4(Cl)6] complex is primarily affected by the weak non-covalent C-H∙∙∙Cl interactions. In accordance with Hirshfeld surface analysis, the Cl∙∙∙H, H∙∙∙H, S∙∙∙H, and N∙∙∙H percentages are 31.9%, 27.2%, 13.5%, and 9.9%, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the oxidation state of copper as Cu(II), as well as the presence of two different coordination environments around copper centers. The complex showed interesting antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria S. subtilis, with MIC = 9.7 µg/mL compared to MIC = 4.8 µg/mL for the control, gentamycin. Moreover, the Cu(II) complex showed an equal MIC (312.5 µg/mL) against C. albicans compared to ketoconazole. It also exhibits a very promising inhibitory activity against colon carcinoma (IC50 = 3.75 ± 0.43 µg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mezna Saleh Altowyan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samar M. S. M. Khalil
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt; (S.M.S.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Dhuha Al-Wahaib
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13060, Kuwait;
| | - Assem Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saied M. Soliman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt; (S.M.S.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Ali Eldissouky Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt; (S.M.S.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.E.A.); (H.A.E.)
| | - Hemmat A. Elbadawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt; (S.M.S.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.E.A.); (H.A.E.)
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10
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Sandoval-Pauker C, Santander-Nelli M, Dreyse P. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence in luminescent cationic copper(i) complexes. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10653-10674. [PMID: 35425025 PMCID: PMC8985689 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08082b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the photophysical characteristics of [Cu(N^N)2]+ and [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+ complexes were described. The concept of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and its development throughout the years was also explained. The importance of ΔE(S1–T1) and spin-orbital coupling (SOC) values on the TADF behavior of [Cu(N^N)2]+ and [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+ complexes is discussed. Examples of ΔE(S1–T1) values reported in the literature were collected and some trends were proposed (e.g. the effect of the substituents at the 2,9 positions of the phenanthroline ligand). Besides, the techniques (or calculation methods) used for determining ΔE(S1–T1) values were described. The effect of SOC in TADF was also discussed, and examples of the determination of SOC values by DFT and TD-DFT calculations are provided. The last chapter covers the applications of [Cu(N^N)2]+ and [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+ TADF complexes and the challenges that are still needed to be addressed to ensure the industrial applications of these compounds. Bibliographic review of cationic Cu(i) complexes that undergo Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF). From the first findings found in the homoleptic and heteroleptic Cu(i)-TADF complexes to the use of this property in lighting devices.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sandoval-Pauker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX 79968 USA.,Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María Av. España 1680 Casilla 2390123 Valparaíso Chile
| | - Mireya Santander-Nelli
- Advanced Integrated Technologies (AINTECH) Chorrillo Uno, Parcela 21 Lampa Santiago Chile.,Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins General Gana 1702 Santiago 8370854 Chile
| | - Paulina Dreyse
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María Av. España 1680 Casilla 2390123 Valparaíso Chile
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11
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Transition Metal Coordination Compounds as Novel Materials for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are a novel solar cell alternative characterized by lower toxicity by using coordination transition metal compounds while providing high performance benchmarks, such as power conversion efficiency. Particular attention should be paid to compounds containing Cu, which can act both as dyes and as redox mediators, even though compounds relying on other transition metals are also frequently reported. In this paper, examples of compounds containing transition metals in combination with several ligands are presented, and their basic photovoltaic parameters are given.
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12
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Housecroft CE, Constable EC. Solar energy conversion using first row d-block metal coordination compound sensitizers and redox mediators. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1225-1262. [PMID: 35222908 PMCID: PMC8809415 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06828h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of renewable energy is essential for the future of the Earth, and solar photons are the ultimate source of energy to satisfy the ever-increasing global energy demands. Photoconversion using dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) is becoming an established technology to contribute to the sustainable energy market, and among state-of-the art DSCs are those which rely on ruthenium(ii) sensitizers and the triiodide/iodide (I3 -/I-) redox mediator. Ruthenium is a critical raw material, and in this review, we focus on the use of coordination complexes of the more abundant first row d-block metals, in particular copper, iron and zinc, as dyes in DSCs. A major challenge in these DSCs is an enhancement of their photoconversion efficiencies (PCEs) which currently lag significantly behind those containing ruthenium-based dyes. The redox mediator in a DSC is responsible for regenerating the ground state of the dye. Although the I3 -/I- couple has become an established redox shuttle, it has disadvantages: its redox potential limits the values of the open-circuit voltage (V OC) in the DSC and its use creates a corrosive chemical environment within the DSC which impacts upon the long-term stability of the cells. First row d-block metal coordination compounds, especially those containing cobalt, and copper, have come to the fore in the development of alternative redox mediators and we detail the progress in this field over the last decade, with particular attention to Cu2+/Cu+ redox mediators which, when coupled with appropriate dyes, have achieved V OC values in excess of 1000 mV. We also draw attention to aspects of the recyclability of DSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Housecroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Edwin C Constable
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058 Basel Switzerland
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13
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Galimova MF, Zueva EM, Dobrynin AB, Kolesnikov IE, Musin RR, Musina EI, Karasik AA. Luminescent Cu 4I 4-cubane clusters based on N-methyl-5,10-dihydrophenarsazines. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13421-13429. [PMID: 34477191 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02344f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two luminescent Cu4I4-cubane tetramers with N-methyl-10-(p-halogenophenyl)-5,10-dihydrophenarsazine ligands were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The UV-Vis absorption and emission properties were studied and rationalized by DFT and time-dependent DFT calculations. The luminescence behavior was found to be rather different from that of recently reported tetranuclear copper iodide cubane clusters based on As,O-analogues - 10-(aryl)phenoxarsines. The crystalline powders of both complexes exhibit the temperature-dependent dual-band emission: the low-energy emission originates from the cluster-centered (3CC) triplet state, whereas the high-energy emission was attributed to the intraligand (3IL) triplet state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milyausha F Galimova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation.
| | - Ekaterina M Zueva
- Kazan National Research Technological University, 68 Karl Marx Street, Kazan 420015, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey B Dobrynin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation.
| | - Ilya E Kolesnikov
- Center for Optical and Laser Materials Research, Saint Petersburg State University, 5 Ulianovskaya Street, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russian Federation
| | - Rustem R Musin
- Kazan National Research Technological University, 68 Karl Marx Street, Kazan 420015, Russian Federation
| | - Elvira I Musina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrey A Karasik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation.
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14
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Synthesis, characterization, optical and electrochemical performances of 3-fold interpenetrated Copper(II) coordination polymer with a flexible zwitterionic ligand. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Anwar MU, Al-Harrasi A, Rawson JM. Structures, properties and applications of Cu(II) complexes with tridentate donor ligands. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5099-5108. [PMID: 33881088 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00483b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tridentate ligands offer theree donor atoms to coordinate to metal ions. The remaining vacant coordination sites on the metal ions provided opportunities to implement additional co-ligands to generate complexes with desired properties. Herein we discuss selected examples of Cu(ii) complexes with tridentate ligands utilizing combinations of N, O, S, and Se donors, focusing on effects of ligand flexibility/rigidity on their coordination modes, properties and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Anwar
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Almouz 616, Oman.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Almouz 616, Oman.
| | - Jeremy M Rawson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON N9B3P4, Canada.
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Copper Complexes as Alternative Redox Mediators in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26010194. [PMID: 33401723 PMCID: PMC7796243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty years ago, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) emerged as a method for harnessing the sun's energy and converting it into electricity. Since then, a lot of work has been dedicated to improving their global photovoltaic efficiency and their eco-sustainability. Recently, various articles showed the great potential of copper complexes as a convenient and cheap alternative to the traditional ruthenium dyes. In addition, copper complexes demonstrate that they can act as redox mediators for DSSCs, thus being an answer to the problems related to the I3-/I- redox couple. The aim of this review is to report on the most recent impact made by copper complexes as alternative redox mediators. The coverage, mainly from 2016 up to now, is not exhaustive, but allows us to understand the great role played by copper complexes in the design of eco-sustainable DSSCs.
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