1
|
O'Connell BP, Wiley E. Heatwaves do not limit recovery following defoliation but alter leaf drought tolerance traits. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:482-496. [PMID: 37877185 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
As heatwave frequency increases, they are more likely to coincide with other disturbances like insect defoliation. But it is unclear if high temperatures after defoliation impact canopy recovery or leaf traits which may affect response to further stressors like drought. To examine these stressor interactions, we subjected defoliated (DEF) and undefoliated (UNDEF) oak saplings to a simulated spring heatwave of +10°C for 25 days. We measured gas exchange, leaf area recovery, carbohydrate storage, turgor loss point (ΨTLP ), and minimum leaf conductance (gmin ). During the heatwave, stem respiration exhibited stronger thermal acclimation in DEF than UNDEF saplings, while stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis increased. The heatwave did not affect leaf area recovery or carbohydrate storage of DEF saplings, but reflush leaves had higher gmin than UNDEF leaves, and this was amplified by the heatwave. Across all treatments, higher gmin was associated with higher daytime stomatal conductance and a lower ΨTLP . The results suggest defoliation stress may not be exacerbated by higher temperatures. However, reflush leaves are less conservative in their water use, limiting their ability to minimise water loss. While lower ΨTLP could help DEF trees maintain gas exchange under mild drought, they may be more vulnerable to dehydration under severe drought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Wiley
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan Y, Ryu Y, Dechant B, Li B, Kim J. Dark respiration explains nocturnal stomatal conductance in rice regardless of drought and nutrient stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3748-3759. [PMID: 37651619 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The ecological mechanism underlying nocturnal stomatal conductance (gsn ) in C3 and C4 plants remains elusive. In this study, we proposed a 'coordinated leaf trait' hypothesis to explain gsn in rice plants. We conducted an open-field experiment by applying drought, nutrient stress and the combined drought-nutrient stress. We found that gsn was neither strongly reduced by drought nor consistently increased by nutrient stress. With the aforementioned multiple abiotic stressors considered as random effects, gsn exhibited a strong positive correlation with dark respiration (Rn ). Notably, gsn primed early morning (5:00-7:00) photosynthesis through faster stomatal response time. This photosynthesis priming effect diminished after mid-morning (9:00). Leaves were cooled by gsn -derived transpiration. However, our results clearly suggest that evaporative cooling did not reduce dark respiration cost. Our results indicate that gsn is more closely related to carbon respiration and assimilation than water and nutrient availability, and that dark respiration can explain considerable variation of gsn .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Yan
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngryel Ryu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Benjamin Dechant
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bolun Li
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bendall ER, Bedward M, Boer M, Clarke H, Collins L, Leigh A, Bradstock RA. Growth enhancements of elevated atmospheric [CO
2
] are reduced under drought‐like conditions in temperate eucalypts. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. R. Bendall
- University of Wollongong Centre for Environmental Risk Management of Bushfires Northfields Avenue Wollongong New South Wales Australia 2522
| | - M. Bedward
- University of Wollongong Centre for Environmental Risk Management of Bushfires Northfields Avenue Wollongong New South Wales Australia 2522
| | - M. Boer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Richmond New South Wales Australia
| | - H. Clarke
- University of Wollongong Centre for Environmental Risk Management of Bushfires Northfields Avenue Wollongong New South Wales Australia 2522
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Richmond New South Wales Australia
| | - L. Collins
- La Trobe University Department of Ecology Environment & Evolution Bundoora Victoria 3086 Australia
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning Heidelberg Victoria 3084 Australia
- Pacific Forestry Centre Canadian Forest Service Natural Resources Canada 506 Burnside Road West Victoria BC V8Z 1M5 Canada
| | - A. Leigh
- University of Technology Sydney School of Life Sciences Broadway New South Wales Australia
| | - R. A. Bradstock
- University of Wollongong Centre for Environmental Risk Management of Bushfires Northfields Avenue Wollongong New South Wales Australia 2522
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chowdhury FI, Arteaga C, Alam MS, Alam I, Resco de Dios V. Drivers of nocturnal stomatal conductance in C 3 and C 4 plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:151952. [PMID: 34843766 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nocturnal water losses were for long considered negligible, but it is now known that incomplete stomatal closure during the night leads to significant water losses at leaf, plant and ecosystem scales. However, only daytime transpiration is currently accounted for in evapotranspiration studies. Important uncertainties on the drivers of nocturnal water fluxes hinder its incorporation within modelling frameworks because some studies indicate that night-time stomatal drivers may differ from day-time responses. Here, we synthesise the studies on nocturnal stomatal conductance (gn) to determine underlying drivers through a systematic literature review and, whenever possible, meta-analytical techniques. Similar to daytime responses, we found negative effects of vapour pressure deficit, predawn water potential, air temperature, and salinity on gn across the plant species. However, the most apparent trend was an increase of gn from the beginning until the end of the night, indicating significant and widespread endogenous regulation by the circadian clock. We further observed how neither elevated CO2 nor nutrient status affected gn significantly across species. We also did not find any significant associations between gn and elevated ozone or increasing plant age. There was a paucity of studies on climatic extremes such heat waves and also few studies connected gn with anatomical features such as leaf specific area or stomatal density. Further studies are also needed to address the effects of plant sex, abscisic acid concentrations and genotypic variations on gn. Our findings solve the long-term conundrum on whether stomatal responses to daytime drivers are the same as those that during the nighttime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faqrul Islam Chowdhury
- Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh; Erasmus Mundus Master Course in Mediterranean Forestry and Natural Resources Management, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Carles Arteaga
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Mohammed Shafiul Alam
- Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Iftakharul Alam
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - Víctor Resco de Dios
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain; School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China; Joint Research Unit CTFC-AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Breshears DD, Fontaine JB, Ruthrof KX, Field JP, Feng X, Burger JR, Law DJ, Kala J, Hardy GESJ. Underappreciated plant vulnerabilities to heat waves. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:32-39. [PMID: 33728638 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With climate change, heat waves are becoming increasingly frequent, intense and broader in spatial extent. However, while the lethal effects of heat waves on humans are well documented, the impacts on flora are less well understood, perhaps except for crops. We summarize recent findings related to heat wave impacts including: sublethal and lethal effects at leaf and plant scales, secondary ecosystem effects, and more complex impacts such as increased heat wave frequency across all seasons, and interactions with other disturbances. We propose generalizable practical trials to quantify the critical bounding conditions of vulnerability to heat waves. Collectively, plant vulnerabilities to heat waves appear to be underappreciated and understudied, particularly with respect to understanding heat wave driven plant die-off and ecosystem tipping points.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David D Breshears
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Joseph B Fontaine
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Katinka X Ruthrof
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, WA, 6151, Australia
| | - Jason P Field
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Xiao Feng
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Joseph R Burger
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Arizona Institutes for Resilience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Darin J Law
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jatin Kala
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Centre for Climate-Impacted Terrestrial Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Giles E St J Hardy
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Centre for Climate-Impacted Terrestrial Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Diverging Responses of Two Subtropical Tree Species (Schima superba and Cunninghamia lanceolata) to Heat Waves. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11050513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The frequency and intensity of heat waves (HWs) has increased in subtropical regions in recent years. The mechanism underlying the HW response of subtropical trees remains unclear. In this study, we conducted an experiment with broad-leaved Schima superba (S. superba) and coniferous Cunninghamia lanceolata (C. lanceolata) seedlings to examine HW (5-day long) effects on stem water transport, leaf water use efficiency (WUE), morphology and growth, and to elucidate differences in the responses of both species. Our results indicated that HWs can significantly reduce hydraulic conductivity in both species. C. lanceolata experienced significant xylem embolism, with the percentage loss of conductivity (PLC) increasing by 40%, while S. superba showed a non-significant increase in PLC (+25%). Furthermore, HW also caused a reduction in photosynthesis rates (An), but transpiration rates (Tr) increased on the 5th day of the HW, together leading to a significant decrease in leaf WUE. From diurnal dynamics, we observed that the HW caused significant decrease of S. superba An only in the morning, but nearly the all day for C. lanceolata. During the morning, with a high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) environment, the HW increased Tr, which contributed a lot to latently cooling the foliage. In comparing the two tree species, we found that HW effects on S. superba were mostly short-term, with leaf senescence but limited or no xylem embolism. The surviving S. superba recovered rapidly, forming new branches and leaves, aided by their extensive root systems. For C. lanceolata, continued seedling growth initially but with subsequent xylem embolism and withering of shoots, led to stunted recovery and regrowth. In conclusion, apart from the direct thermal impacts caused by HW, drought stress was the main cause of significant negative effects on plant water transport and the photosynthetic system. Furthermore, S. superba and C. lanceolata showed clearly different responses to HW, which implies that the response mechanisms of broad-leaved and coniferous tree species to climate change can differ.
Collapse
|