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Singh H, Mishra AK, Mohanto S, Kumar A, Mishra A, Amin R, Darwin CR, Emran TB. A recent update on the connection between dietary phytochemicals and skin cancer: emerging understanding of the molecular mechanism. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:5877-5913. [PMID: 39359831 PMCID: PMC11444613 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Constant exposure to harmful substances from both inside and outside the body can mess up the body's natural ways of keeping itself in balance. This can cause severe skin damage, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma. However, plant-derived compounds found in fruits and vegetables have been shown to protect against skin cancer-causing free radicals and other harmful substances. It has been determined that these dietary phytochemicals are effective in preventing skin cancer and are widely available, inexpensive, and well-tolerated. Studies have shown that these phytochemicals possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiangiogenic properties that can aid in the prevention of skin cancers. In addition, they influence crucial cellular processes such as angiogenesis and cell cycle control, which can halt the progression of skin cancer. The present paper discusses the benefits of specific dietary phytochemicals found in fruits and vegetables, as well as the signaling pathways they regulate, the molecular mechanisms involved in the prevention of skin cancer, and their drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh
| | | | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka
| | - Arvind Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Amrita Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi
| | - Ruhul Amin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam downtown University, Panikhaiti, Gandhinagar, Guwahati, Assam
| | | | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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2
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Falcón-Piñeiro A, Zaguirre-Martínez J, Ibáñez-Hernández AC, Guillamón E, Santander K, Barrero-Domínguez B, López-Feria S, Garrido D, Baños A. Evaluation of the Biostimulant Activity and Verticillium Wilt Protection of an Onion Extract in Olive Crops ( Olea europaea). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2499. [PMID: 39273983 PMCID: PMC11397703 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
The olive tree is crucial to the Mediterranean agricultural economy but faces significant threats from climate change and soil-borne pathogens like Verticillium dahliae. This study assesses the dual role of an onion extract formulation, rich in organosulfur compounds, as both biostimulant and antifungal agent. Research was conducted across three settings: a controlled climatic chamber with non-stressed olive trees; an experimental farm with olive trees under abiotic stress; and two commercial olive orchards affected by V. dahliae. Results showed that in the climatic chamber, onion extract significantly reduced MDA levels in olive leaves, with a more pronounced reduction observed when the extract was applied by irrigation compared to foliar spray. The treatment also increased root length by up to 37.1% compared to controls. In field trials, irrigation with onion extract increased the number of new shoots by 148% and the length of shoots by 53.5%. In commercial orchards, treated trees exhibited reduced MDA levels, lower V. dahliae density, and a 26.7% increase in fruit fat content. These findings suggest that the onion extract effectively reduces oxidative stress and pathogen colonization, while enhancing plant development and fruit fat content. This supports the use of the onion extract formulation as a promising, sustainable alternative to chemical treatments for improving olive crop resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Falcón-Piñeiro
- DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena 82, 18620 Alhendín, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Zaguirre-Martínez
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Guillamón
- DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena 82, 18620 Alhendín, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Silvia López-Feria
- Dcoop Sociedad Cooperativa Andaluza, Carretera Córdoba s/n, 29200 Antequera, Málaga, Spain
| | - Dolores Garrido
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Baños
- DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena 82, 18620 Alhendín, Granada, Spain
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3
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Vázquez-Blanquiño A, Pérez-Rodríguez L, Alberola-Romano A, Martínez-Pérez M, Baños A, Gómez-Fernández GO, Gracián C, Fonollá J, García F. Alliaceae-Derived Supplementation Improves the Severity of COVID-19 Symptoms among Elderly Nursing Home Residents. Foods 2024; 13:2718. [PMID: 39272485 PMCID: PMC11394485 DOI: 10.3390/foods13172718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of daily consumption of a concentrated garlic and onion extract on COVID-19 symptoms among elderly nursing home residents. Volunteers consumed a daily capsule of the concentrated powder rich in organosulfur compounds over 36 weeks during lunch. The incidence and severity of COVID-19 symptoms between the treatment and control groups were compared, along with monitoring the safety of consumption, incidence of other diseases, and medicine usage. The treatment group showed a significant reduction in both the number and severity of COVID-19 symptoms compared to the control group, with no significant adverse effects observed. No significant reduction in symptom duration was detected. This study provides preliminary evidence that concentrated garlic and onion extract may aid in the treatment of COVID-19 among older adults. These findings suggest potential public health benefits, emphasizing the need for further research to explore the immunomodulatory properties of these natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucía Pérez-Rodríguez
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Alberola-Romano
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Pérez
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Baños
- DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena, 82, 18620 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Gracián
- Nursing Home "Residencia de Mayores Claret", 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Juristo Fonollá
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Federico García
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Climent-Pérez P, Martínez-González AE, Andreo-Martínez P. Contributions of Artificial Intelligence to Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:931. [PMID: 39201866 PMCID: PMC11352523 DOI: 10.3390/children11080931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder whose etiology is not known today, but everything indicates that it is multifactorial. For example, genetic and epigenetic factors seem to be involved in the etiology of ASD. In recent years, there has been an increase in studies on the implications of gut microbiota (GM) on the behavior of children with ASD given that dysbiosis in GM may trigger the onset, development and progression of ASD through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. At the same time, significant progress has occurred in the development of artificial intelligence (AI). METHODS The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review of articles using AI to analyze GM in individuals with ASD. In line with the PRISMA model, 12 articles using AI to analyze GM in ASD were selected. RESULTS Outcomes reveal that the majority of relevant studies on this topic have been conducted in China (33.3%) and Italy (25%), followed by the Netherlands (16.6%), Mexico (16.6%) and South Korea (8.3%). CONCLUSIONS The bacteria Bifidobacterium is the most relevant biomarker with regard to ASD. Although AI provides a very promising approach to data analysis, caution is needed to avoid the over-interpretation of preliminary findings. A first step must be taken to analyze GM in a representative general population and ASD samples in order to obtain a GM standard according to age, sex and country. Thus, more work is required to bridge the gap between AI in mental health research and clinical care in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Climent-Pérez
- Department of Computing Technology, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain;
| | | | - Pedro Andreo-Martínez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
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5
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Elattar MM, Darwish RS, Hammoda HM, Dawood HM. An ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, and pharmacological overview of onion (Allium cepa L.). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117779. [PMID: 38262524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most widely distributed species within the Allium genus of family Amaryllidaceae. Onion has been esteemed for its medicinal properties since antiquity. It has been consumed for centuries in various indigenous cultures for the management of several ailments including microbial infections, respiratory, gastrointestinal, skin and cardio-vascular disorders, diabetes, renal colic, rheumatism, sexual impotence, menstrual pain, and headache. However, so far, there is a scarcity of recent data that compiles the plant chemistry, traditional practices, biological features, and toxicity. AIM OF THE WORK The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive and analytical overview of ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, industrial applications, quality control, and toxicology of onion, to offer new perspectives and broad scopes for future studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information gathered in this review was obtained from various sources including books, scientific databases such as Science Direct, Wiley, PubMed, Google Scholar, and other domestic and foreign literature. RESULTS Onion has a long history of use as a traditional medicine for management of various conditions including infectious, inflammatory, respiratory, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and erectile dysfunction. More than 400 compounds have been identified in onion including flavonoids, phenolic acids, amino acids, peptides, saponins and fatty acids. The plant extracts and compounds showed various pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anticancer, aphrodisiac, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective activities. In addition to its predominant medicinal uses, onion has found various applications in the functional food industry. CONCLUSION Extensive literature analysis reveals that onion extracts and bioactive constituents possess diverse pharmacological activities that can be beneficial for treating various diseases. However, the current research primarily revolves around the documentation of ethnic pharmacology and predominantly consists of in vitro studies, with relatively limited in vivo and clinical studies. Consequently, it is imperative for future investigations to prioritize and expand the scope of in vivo and clinical research. Additionally, it is strongly recommended to direct further research efforts towards toxicity studies and quality control of the plant. These studies will help bridge the current knowledge gaps and establish a solid basis for exploring the plant's potential uses in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam M Elattar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Reham S Darwish
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Hala M Hammoda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Hend M Dawood
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
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6
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Li X, Lin Y, Chen Y, Sui H, Chen J, Li J, Zhang G, Yan Y. The effects of race and probiotic supplementation on the intestinal microbiota of 10-km open-water swimmers. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22735. [PMID: 38144321 PMCID: PMC10746432 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study collected the stools of 10-km open-water swimmers after race and probiotic supplementation, and 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomic analysis were performed to clarify their intestinal microbiota characteristics. The findings revealed a relatively high proportion of Firmicutes in all the athletes. Firmicutes in female athletes were significantly higher after probiotic supplementation. The intestinal microbiota of athletes was closely associated with the pathways of exercise against cancer, exercise against aging, exercise for improving cognition, sphingolipid metabolism and endocrine resistance. Future research should focus on the relationship between Firmicutes and Proteobacteria with super class metabolites in athletes. This report initially explored the changes in intestinal microbiota involved in metabolic pathways in athletes after race and after probiotic supplementation and provided a theoretical basis for the further improvement of the monitoring of their physical function after race and selection of nutritional strategies during exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan Li
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yihsuan Lin
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Sui
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhao Chen
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Shandong Swimming Sports Management Center, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness (Beijing Sport University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing, China
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7
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Cascajosa-Lira A, Guzmán-Guillén R, Arjona AB, Aguinaga-Casañas MA, Ayala-Soldado N, Moyano-Salvago MR, Molina A, Jos Á, Cameán AM, Pichardo S. Risk assessment and environmental consequences of the use of the Allium-derived compound propyl-propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) in agrifood applications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116682. [PMID: 37459943 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The organosulfur compound propyl-propane thiosulfonate (PTSO), mainly found in Allium cepa, has a promising use in the agrifood industry. To confirm its safety for livestock, consumers, and environment, toxicological assessment is needed. In this regard, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are in the spotlight of research. Therefore, as part of the risk assessment of PTSO, in the present work, an in vivo study was performed in mice exposed to PTSO to investigate its potential reproductive toxicity considering fertility, genetic and endocrine endpoints. Five-weeks-old CD1 mice (80 males, 80 females) were exposed for 11 or 16 weeks (males or females, respectively) to different doses of PTSO (0, 14, 28 and 55 mg PTSO/kg b.w./day; 20 animals per group and sex) through the food pellets. No clinical observations or mortality and no changes in absolute organ weights and relative organ weights/body weight or brain ratios occurred during the study. The estrous cycle did not undergo any significant toxicologically relevant change. Most of the sex hormones displayed normal values. Some alterations in the expression of some genes related to reproduction is only observed in females, but they do not appear to have consequences in the development of sex organs. Docking results showed the impossibility of stable binding to estrogen and androgen receptors. Considering all the results obtained, the safe profile of PTSO can be confirmed for different agrifood applications at the conditions assayed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nahúm Ayala-Soldado
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Darwin, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Rosario Moyano-Salvago
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Darwin, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana Molina
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Darwin, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ángeles Jos
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana M Cameán
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Silvia Pichardo
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
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González-Palacios S, Fonollá J. Advances in Nutrient-Rich Foods for a Healthy Diet. Foods 2023; 12:2946. [PMID: 37569215 PMCID: PMC10419062 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The nutrient-rich foods are foods with a high content of protein, fiber, vitamins and minerals, but also a low content of saturated fats, added sugar and sodium [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra González-Palacios
- Unidad de Epidemiología de la Nutrición, Departamento de Salud Pública, Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología, Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03550 Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juristo Fonollá
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Granada (UGR), 18071 Granada, Spain;
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Farva K, Sattar H, Ullah H, Raziq A, Mehmood MD, Tareen AK, Sultan IN, Zohra Q, Khan MW. Phenotypic Analysis, Molecular Characterization, and Antibiogram of Caries-Causing Bacteria Isolated from Dental Patients. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1952. [PMID: 37630520 PMCID: PMC10457851 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated, sugar-driven, multifactorial, dynamic disease that results in the phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard tissues. Despite scientific advances in cariology, dental caries remains a severe global concern. The aim of this study was to determine the optimization of microbial and molecular techniques for the detection of cariogenic pathogens in dental caries patients, the prevalence of cariogenic bacteria on the basis of socioeconomic, climatological, and hygienic factors, and in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of selected synthetic antibiotics and herbal extracts. In this study, oral samples were collected from 900 patients for bacterial strain screening on a biochemical and molecular basis. Plant extracts, such as ginger, garlic, neem, tulsi, amla, and aloe vera, were used to check the antimicrobial activity against the isolated strains. Synthetic antimicrobial agents, such as penicillin, amoxicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, metronidazole, doxycycline, ceftazidime, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, were also used to access the antimicrobial activity. Among 900 patients, 63% were males and 37% were females, patients aged between 36 and 58 (45.7%) years were prone to disease, and the most common symptom was toothache (61%). For oral diseases, 21% used herbs, 36% used antibiotics, and 48% were self-medicated, owing to sweets consumption (60.66%) and fizzy drinks and fast food (51.56%). Staphylococcus mutans (29.11%) and Streptococcus sobrinus (28.11%) were found as the most abundant strains. Seven bacterial strains were successfully screened and predicted to be closely related to genera S. sobrinus, S. mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Eubacterium nodatum, Propionibacterium acidifaciens, and Treponema Pallidum. Among plant extracts, the maximum zone of inhibition was recorded by ginger (22.36 mm) and amla (20.01 mm), while among synthetic antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were most effective against all microbes. This study concluded that phyto extracts of ginger and amla were considered suitable alternatives to synthetic antibiotics to treat dental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Farva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Huma Sattar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hayat Ullah
- Metabolic Engineering Lab, Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Abdur Raziq
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Muhammad Danish Mehmood
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Afrasiab Khan Tareen
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Imrana Niaz Sultan
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Quratulaain Zohra
- Department of Biotechnology, Project of Sahara for Life Trust, The Sahara College Narowal, Punjab 51601, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waseem Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
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10
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García-García J, Gracián C, Baños A, Guillamón E, Gálvez J, Rodriguez-Nogales A, Fonollá J. Beneficial Effects of Daily Consumption of Garlic and Onion Extract Concentrate on Infectious Respiratory Diseases in Elderly Resident Volunteers. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102308. [PMID: 37242191 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a biological process with high susceptibility to several infections. This risk increases in older patients in residential care facilities (RCF). Thus, there is a clear demand for developing preventive interventions with new therapeutic compounds that combine efficacy and safety. This could be the case of compounds derived from plants of the genus Allium spp. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a combination of a garlic and onion extract concentrate standardized in organosulfur compounds derived from propiin on the incidence of respiratory tract infections in elderly patients of RCF. Sixty-five volunteers were selected at random to receive a placebo or a single daily dose of the extract for thirty-six weeks. Different clinical visits were performed to evaluate the main respiratory diseases with an infectious origin, as well as the associated symptoms and their duration. The extract showed a clinical safety profile and significantly reduced the incidence of respiratory infections. Moreover, the treatment decreased the number and duration of the associated symptoms compared with the placebo group. For the first time, we demonstrated the protective effect of Alliaceae extract in respiratory infectious diseases in elderly healthy volunteers, which could be used prophylactically against the most common infectious respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Gracián
- Nursing Home "Residencia de Mayores Claret", 18011 Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Julio Gálvez
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.Granada), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Rodriguez-Nogales
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.Granada), 18012 Granada, Spain
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11
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Che HY, Zhou CH, Lyu CC, Meng Y, He YT, Wang HQ, Wu HY, Zhang JB, Yuan B. Allicin Alleviated LPS-Induced Mastitis via the TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043805. [PMID: 36835218 PMCID: PMC9962488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy farming is the most important economic activity in animal husbandry. Mastitis is the most common disease in dairy cattle and has a significant impact on milk quality and yield. The natural extract allicin, which is the main active ingredient of the sulfur-containing organic compounds in garlic, has anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties; however, the specific mechanism underlying its effect on mastitis in dairy cows needs to be determined. Therefore, in this study, whether allicin can reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in the mammary epithelium of dairy cows was investigated. A cellular model of mammary inflammation was established by pretreating bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) with 10 µg/mL LPS, and the cultures were then treated with varying concentrations of allicin (0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 µM) added to the culture medium. MAC-T cells were examined using RT-qPCR and Western blotting to determine the effect of allicin. Subsequently, the level of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) was measured to further explore the mechanism underlying the effect of allicin on bovine mammary epithelial cell inflammation. Treatment with 2.5 µM allicin considerably decreased the LPS-induced increase in the levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inhibited activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in cow mammary epithelial cells. Further research revealed that allicin also inhibited the phosphorylation of inhibitors of nuclear factor kappa-B-α (IκB-α) and NF-κB p65. In mice, LPS-induced mastitis was also ameliorated by allicin. Therefore, we hypothesize that allicin alleviated LPS-induced inflammation in the mammary epithelial cells of cows probably by affecting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Allicin will likely become an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of mastitis in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- Correspondence: (J.-B.Z.); (B.Y.); Tel.: +86-431-8783-6551 (J.-B.Z.); +86-431-8783-6536 (B.Y.)
| | - Bao Yuan
- Correspondence: (J.-B.Z.); (B.Y.); Tel.: +86-431-8783-6551 (J.-B.Z.); +86-431-8783-6536 (B.Y.)
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12
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Allium-Derived Compound Propyl Propane Thiosulfonate (PTSO) Reduces Vibrio Populations and Increases Body Weight of European Seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010134. [PMID: 36671335 PMCID: PMC9854545 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The global demand for fish products is continuously increasing as the population grows, and aquaculture plays an important role in supplying this demand. However, industrial antibiotic misuse has contributed to the spread of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria, therefore, several antibiotic alternatives have been proposed. In this study, we have analyzed the effects of Allium-derived propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) in European seabass juveniles' growth and performance. These effects were tested by measuring the body weight and analyzing the gut microbiome of fish after 89 days of feeding trial. The relative abundance of potentially pathogenic Vibrio in the foregut and hindgut of supplemented fish decreased, while Pseudomonas and Kocuria increased significantly. Alpha diversity indices significantly decreased in both gut regions of fish fed with Allium-derived PTSO supplemented diet, as well as between bacterial community composition. These results may indicate a positive effect of the supplementation in the diet with Allium-derived PTSO, reducing potentially pathogenic Vibrio and increasing body weight at the end of the experiment (89 days). However, this supplementation with Allium-derived PTSO produces changes in the diversity and composition of microbial communities, so further experiments would be necessary to explore bacterial community composition and health relationship.
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13
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Olson KR, Derry PJ, Kent TA, Straub KD. The Effects of Antioxidant Nutraceuticals on Cellular Sulfur Metabolism and Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:68-94. [PMID: 35819295 PMCID: PMC9885552 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Nutraceuticals are ingested for health benefits, in addition to their general nutritional value. These dietary supplements have become increasingly popular since the late 20th century and they are a rapidly expanding global industry approaching a half-trillion U.S. dollars annually. Many nutraceuticals are promulgated as potent antioxidants. Recent Advances: Experimental support for the efficacy of nutraceuticals has lagged behind anecdotal exuberance. However, accumulating epidemiological evidence and recent, well-controlled clinical trials are beginning to support earlier animal and in vitro studies. Although still somewhat limited, encouraging results have been suggested in essentially all organ systems and against a wide range of pathophysiological conditions. Critical Issues: Health benefits of "antioxidant" nutraceuticals are largely attributed to their ability to scavenge oxidants. This has been criticized based on several factors, including limited bioavailability, short tissue retention time, and the preponderance of endogenous antioxidants. Recent attention has turned to nutraceutical activation of downstream antioxidant systems, especially the Keap1/Nrf2 (Kelch like ECH associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) axis. The question now becomes, how do nutraceuticals activate this axis? Future Directions: Reactive sulfur species (RSS), including hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and its metabolites, are potent activators of the Keap1/Nrf2 axis and avid scavengers of reactive oxygen species. Evidence is beginning to accumulate that a variety of nutraceuticals increase cellular RSS by directly providing RSS in the diet, or through a number of catalytic mechanisms that increase endogenous RSS production. We propose that nutraceutical-specific targeting of RSS metabolism will lead to the design and development of even more efficacious antioxidant therapeutic strategies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 68-94.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. Olson
- Department of Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine—South Bend, South Bend, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Paul J. Derry
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas A. Kent
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Karl D. Straub
- Central Arkansas Veteran's Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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14
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Baky MH, Shamma SN, Khalifa MR, Farag MA. How Does Allium Leafy Parts Metabolome Differ in Context to Edible or Inedible Taxa? Case Study in Seven Allium Species as Analyzed Using MS-Based Metabolomics. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010018. [PMID: 36676943 PMCID: PMC9866920 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genus Allium (F. Amaryllidaceae) includes a wide variety of edible foods widely consumed for their nutritive as well as health benefits. Seven Allium species, viz., chives, Egyptian leek, French leek, red garlic, white garlic, red onion, and white onion aerial parts were assessed for metabolome heterogeneity targeting both aroma and nutrients phytochemicals. A headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed. Results revealed extensive variation in volatiles and nutrients profile among the seven Allium species represented by a total of 77 nutrients and 148 volatiles. Among edible Allium species, French leek encompassed high levels of nutrients, viz., sugars, fatty acids/esters, organic acids, and amino acids, compared to Egyptian leek. Sulfur aroma compounds appeared as the most discriminatory among Allium, taxa accounting for its distinct flavor. Furthermore, chemometric analysis of both datasets showed clear discrimination of the seven Allium species according to several key novel markers. This study provides the first comparative approach between edible and inedible aerial leafy parts of Allium species providing novel insight into their use as functional foods based on such holistic profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa H. Baky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Samir N. Shamma
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Khalifa
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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15
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Ettehad-Marvasti F, Ejtahed HS, Siadat SD, Soroush AR, Hoseini-Tavassol Z, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Larijani B. Effect of garlic extract on weight loss and gut microbiota composition in obese women: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1007506. [PMID: 36352899 PMCID: PMC9638143 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1007506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective From a nutritional perspective, garlic extract could be a prebiotic product, which is useful for obese subjects, and one of its health-promoting underlying mechanisms is modulating gut microbiota composition. In this randomized double-blind clinical trial, the goal was to determine the effect of Allium (garlic extract) on anthropometric indices and gut microbiota composition in obese women following a low-calorie diet. Materials and methods Forty-three obese women were randomly divided into garlic extract (400 mg Allium sativum powder containing 1,100 mcg allicin/tablet) or placebo groups. During the 2 months of the study, each participant took two tablets per day. At the beginning and at the end of the clinical trial, anthropometric measurements were done and blood and fecal samples were collected. We evaluated the gut microbiota composition using quantitative real-time PCR. Results In total, 16 subjects in each group completed the 2-month trial. Allium and placebo groups’ participants had mean ages of 37.8 ± 7.4 and 34.2 ± 6.8 years, respectively (P > 0.05). Baseline body mass index (BMI) was significantly different between groups, subjects in the placebo group had lower BMI compared with the Allium group (P < 0.05). Allium and placebo caused a 1.7% and 2.7% decrease in BMI from the baseline values, respectively (P < 0.01). Fasting insulin level significantly decreased in the both groups (P < 0.01). Level of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) has decreased significantly in the Allium group (P = 0.007). The frequency of Akkermansia had decreasing trend while the abundance of Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium showed increasing trend in the Allium group. Conclusion In the both groups, a decrease in BMI and other anthropometric indices has been observed. Despite weight loss after following a low-calorie diet and taking Allium, slight changes have been shown in the composition of gut microbiota in obese women. Trial registration This trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) (code: IRCT090420001825N2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Ettehad-Marvasti
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed,
| | | | - Ahmad-Reza Soroush
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hoseini-Tavassol
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar,
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Aguinaga-Casañas MA, Mut-Salud N, Falcón-Piñeiro A, Alcaraz-Martínez Á, Guillamón E, Baños A. In Vitro Antiparasitic Activity of Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfinate (PTS) and Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfonate (PTSO) from Allium cepa against Eimeria acervulina Sporozoites. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102040. [PMID: 36296317 PMCID: PMC9607501 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the alternatives to control avian coccidiosis, alliaceous extracts stand out due to their functional properties. Despite this, most of the references are focused just on garlic. In this study, we analyze the in vitro effects of propyl-propane thiosulfinate (PTS) and propyl-propane thiosulfonate (PTSO), two organosulfur compounds from onion, on MDBK cells infected with sporozoites of Eimeria acervulina. To this aim, two different experiments were performed. In the first experiment, sporozoites were previously incubated for 1 h at 1, 5 and 10 µg/mL of PTS or PTSO and added to MDBK cells. In the second experiment, MDBK cells were first incubated for 24 h at different concentrations of PTS or PTSO and then infected with E. acervulina sporozoites. Then, 24 h after inoculation, the presence of E. acervulina was quantified by qPCR. MDBK viability was measured at 72 h post-infection. Sporozoites incubated at 10 µg/mL of PTS and PTSO inhibited the capability to penetrate the cells up to 75.2% ± 6.44 and 71.7% ± 6.03, respectively. The incubation of MDBK with each compound resulted in a preventive effect against sporozoite invasion at 1 µg/mL of PTS and 1 and 10 µg/mL of PTSO. Cells incubated with PTSO obtained similar viability percentages to uninfected cells. These results suggest that the use of PTS and PTSO is a promising alternative to coccidiosis treatment, although further in vivo studies need to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuria Mut-Salud
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Falcón-Piñeiro
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Guillamón
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620 Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Baños
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620 Granada, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
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17
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Antibacterial and Antiparasitic Activity of Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfinate (PTS) and Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfonate (PTSO) from Allium cepa against Gilthead Sea Bream Pathogens in In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206900. [PMID: 36296491 PMCID: PMC9611463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of phytogenic extracts is considered a sustainable strategy for the prevention of fish diseases, including Alliaceae as a potential option due to their variety of bioactive compounds. In this study, we analyzed the antibacterial and antiparasitic potential of propyl-propane-thiosulfinate (PTS) and propyl-propane-thiosulfonate (PTSO) from onions. The in vitro activity against Pseudomonas anguilliseptica, Tenacibaculum maritimum, and Photobacterium damselae of both compounds was tested. In addition, the viability of Sparicotyle chrysophrii larvae was evaluated. Moreover, a diet that consisted of a blend of PTS/PTSO (ALLIUM) was used. A total of 90 gilthead sea bream juveniles were tested against P. damselae subsp. Piscicida after 12 weeks of dietary administration. Furthermore, 150 fish with a rate of 10-15 parasites/fish were fed for 21 days and the number of gill parasites was recorded. All strains were sensitive to both compounds. PTSO showed the highest inhibitory effect against all target strains, while PTS showed higher effectiveness against S. chrysophrii. Fish from ALLIUM group presented the highest probability of survival, increasing up to 91.1%, whereas in the control group, the probability of survival was 66.7%. The number of parasites in the gilthead sea bream decreased in the ALLIUM group over time. These results suggest the inclusion of PTS and PTSO in feed as a natural strategy to prevent antibacterial and antiparasitic fish diseases.
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18
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Ventura ON, Segovia M, Vega-Teijido M, Katz A, Kieninger M, Tasinato N, Salta Z. Correcting the Experimental Enthalpies of Formation of Some Members of the Biologically Significant Sulfenic Acids Family. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6091-6109. [PMID: 36044372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulfenic acids are important intermediates in the oxidation of cysteine thiol groups in proteins by reactive oxygen species. The mechanism is influenced heavily by the presence of polar groups, other thiol groups, and solvent, all of which determines the need to compute precisely the energies involved in the process. Surprisingly, very scarce experimental information exists about a very basic property of sulfenic acids, the enthalpies of formation. In this Article, we use high level quantum chemical methods to derive the enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K of methane-, ethene-, ethyne-, and benzenesulfenic acids, the only ones for which some experimental information exists. The methods employed were tested against well-known experimental data of related species and extensive CCSD(T) calculations. Our best results consistently point out to a much lower enthalpy of formation of methanesulfenic acid, CH3SOH (ΔfH0(298.15K) = -35.1 ± 0.4 kcal mol-1), than the one reported in the NIST thermochemical data tables. The enthalpies of formation derived for ethynesulfenic acid, HC≡CSOH, +32.9 ± 1.0 kcal/mol, and benzenesulfenic acid, C6H5SOH, -2.6 ± 0.6 kcal mol-1, also differ markedly from the experimental values, while the enthalpy of formation of ethenesulfenic acid CH2CHSOH, not available experimentally, was calculated as -11.2 ± 0.7 kcal mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar N Ventura
- Computational Chemistry and Biology Group, CCBG, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marc Segovia
- Computational Chemistry and Biology Group, CCBG, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Vega-Teijido
- Computational Chemistry and Biology Group, CCBG, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Aline Katz
- Computational Chemistry and Biology Group, CCBG, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martina Kieninger
- Computational Chemistry and Biology Group, CCBG, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicola Tasinato
- SMART Lab, Scuola Normale Superiore, piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Zoi Salta
- SMART Lab, Scuola Normale Superiore, piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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19
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Cascajosa-Lira A, Andreo-Martínez P, Prieto AI, Baños A, Guillamón E, Jos A, Cameán AM. In Vitro Toxicity Studies of Bioactive Organosulfur Compounds from Allium spp. with Potential Application in the Agri-Food Industry: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:2620. [PMID: 36076806 PMCID: PMC9455835 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Organosulfur compounds (OSCs) are secondary metabolites produced by different Allium species which present important biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, antispasmodic, etc. In recent years, their use has been promoted in the agri-food industry as a substitute for synthetic preservatives, increasing potential accumulative exposure to consumers. Before their application in the food industry, it is necessary to pass a safety assessment as specified by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This work reviews the scientific literature on OSCs regarding their in vitro toxicity evaluation following PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. Four electronic research databases were searched (Web of Science, Scopus, Science Database and PubMed) and a total of 43 works were selected according to predeterminate inclusion and exclusion criteria. Different data items and the risk of bias for each study were included. Currently, there are very few in vitro studies focused on investigating the potential toxicity of OSCs. Most research studies aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of OSCs to elucidate their antiproliferative effects focusing on their therapeutic aspects using cancer cell lines as the main experimental model. The results showed that diallyl disulfide (DADS) is the compound most studied, followed by diallyl trisulfide (DATS), diallyl sulfide (DAS), Allicin and Ajoene. Only 4 studies have been performed specifically to explore the safety of OSCs for agri-food applications, and genotoxicity studies are limited. More toxicity studies of OSCs are necessary to ensure consumers safety and should mainly be focused on the evaluation of genotoxicity and long-term toxicity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cascajosa-Lira
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Pedro Andreo-Martínez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Prieto
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Alberto Baños
- DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena, 82, 18620 Alhendín, Spain
| | | | - Angeles Jos
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana M. Cameán
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
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20
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Rabelo-Ruiz M, Newman-Portela AM, Peralta-Sánchez JM, Martín-Platero AM, Agraso MDM, Bermúdez L, Aguinaga MA, Baños A, Maqueda M, Valdivia E, Martínez-Bueno M. Beneficial Shifts in the Gut Bacterial Community of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Juveniles Supplemented with Allium-Derived Compound Propyl Propane Thiosulfonate (PTSO). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141821. [PMID: 35883368 PMCID: PMC9312144 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aquaculture plays an important role in supplying global food demand and protein sources. The increasing restriction of drugs in fish production has forced this sector to carry out changes in the management of farms. Functional feed additives such as probiotics, prebiotics, and phytogenics have been proposed in order to maintain or improve productive levels and general health status of fish. In this study, we explore the effects of Allium-derived food additives in the bacterial community and growth of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles. We found that this additive produced significant changes in bacterial community of the hindgut. In this sense, this shift occurred towards a more diverse microbiota. Especially relevant is the decrease in the populations of potential pathogenic bacteria as Vibrio and Pseudomonas, while this additive enhanced Lactobacillus, a well-known beneficial genus. Our work shows that the addition of PTSO has beneficial effects on bacterial communities while keeping productive parameters on fish growth. Abstract This study analyzes the potential use of an Allium-derived compound, propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO), as a functional feed additive in aquaculture. Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles had their diet supplemented with this Allium-derived compound (150 mg/kg of PTSO) and were compared with control fish. The effects of this organosulfur compound were tested by measuring the body weight and analyzing the gut microbiota after 12 weeks. The relative abundance of potentially pathogenic Vibrio and Pseudomonas in the foregut and hindgut of supplemented fish significantly decreased, while potentially beneficial Lactobacillus increased compared to in the control fish. Shannon’s alpha diversity index significantly increased in both gut regions of fish fed with a PTSO-supplemented diet. Regarding beta diversity, significant differences between treatments only appeared in the hindgut when minority ASVs were taken into account. No differences occurred in body weight during the experiment. These results indicate that supplementing the diet with Allium-derived PTSO produced beneficial changes in the intestinal microbiota while maintaining the productive parameters of gilthead seabream juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rabelo-Ruiz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.R.-R.); (A.M.N.-P.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.)
| | - Antonio M. Newman-Portela
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.R.-R.); (A.M.N.-P.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.)
| | - Juan Manuel Peralta-Sánchez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.R.-R.); (A.M.N.-P.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.P.-S.); (M.M.-B.)
| | - Antonio Manuel Martín-Platero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.R.-R.); (A.M.N.-P.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.)
| | - María del Mar Agraso
- Aquaculture Technology Centre of Andalusia, CTAQUA. Muelle Comercial s/n, El Puerto de Santa María, 11500 Cádiz, Spain; (M.d.M.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Laura Bermúdez
- Aquaculture Technology Centre of Andalusia, CTAQUA. Muelle Comercial s/n, El Puerto de Santa María, 11500 Cádiz, Spain; (M.d.M.A.); (L.B.)
| | - María Arántzazu Aguinaga
- Departamento de Microbiología y Biotecnología, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620 Granada, Spain; (M.A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Baños
- Departamento de Microbiología y Biotecnología, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620 Granada, Spain; (M.A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Mercedes Maqueda
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.R.-R.); (A.M.N.-P.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.)
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Eva Valdivia
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.R.-R.); (A.M.N.-P.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.)
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Bueno
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.R.-R.); (A.M.N.-P.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.)
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.P.-S.); (M.M.-B.)
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21
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Zhou Y, Li X, Luo W, Zhu J, Zhao J, Wang M, Sang L, Chang B, Wang B. Allicin in Digestive System Cancer: From Biological Effects to Clinical Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:903259. [PMID: 35770084 PMCID: PMC9234177 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Allicin is the main active ingredient in freshly-crushed garlic and some other allium plants, and its anticancer effect on cancers of digestive system has been confirmed in many studies. The aim of this review is to summarize epidemiological studies and in vitro and in vivo investigations on the anticancer effects of allicin and its secondary metabolites, as well as their biological functions. In epidemiological studies of esophageal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and biliary tract cancer, the anticancer effect of garlic has been confirmed consistently. However, the results obtained from epidemiological studies in gastric cancer and colon cancer are inconsistent. In vitro studies demonstrated that allicin and its secondary metabolites play an antitumor role by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, controlling tumor invasion and metastasis, decreasing angiogenesis, suppressing Helicobacter pylori, enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs, and reducing the damage caused by chemotherapeutic drugs. In vivo studies further demonstrate that allicin and its secondary metabolites inhibit cancers of the digestive system. This review describes the mechanisms against cancers of digestive system and therapeutic potential of allicin and its secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xingxuan Li
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenyu Luo
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junfeng Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lixuan Sang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Chang,
| | - Bingyuan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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22
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Phenolic profile and investigation of biological activities of Allium scorodoprasum L. subsp. rotundum. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Cascajosa-Lira A, Pichardo S, Baños A, Guillamón E, Molina-Hernández V, Moyano R, Jos Á, Cameán AM. Acute and subchronic 90-days toxicity assessment of propyl-propane-thiosulfinate (PTS) in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 161:112827. [PMID: 35077829 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The organosulfur compounds (OSC) extracted from Allium spp. exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. The agri-food industry is taking advantage of these properties by using them as natural feed and food additives. In the present work, an acute and a subchronic 90-days toxicity studies have been conducted for the first time to assess the safety of the OSC propyl-propane-thiosulfinate (PTS). Both studies were carried out following the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development test guidelines (425 and 408, respectively). The acute study provided a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 175 mg/kg and the subchronic study established the Non Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) ≥ 55 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)/day in both sexes. In addition, the subchronic study performed on rats exposed to 14, 28 and 55 mg/kg b.w./day PTS, revealed no changes in any of the hematological parameters measured as well as no differences in body weight and water/food consumption. However, biochemical parameters were altered in some groups, although they were not biologically significant (Ca2+ in female rats, and the thyroids hormones T3 and T4 in rat males). Furthermore, the histopathological assessment evidenced no abnormality on the gastrointestinal, respiratory, lymphoid, urinary, circulatory, nervous, musculoskeletal, and reproductive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cascajosa-Lira
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Silvia Pichardo
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n 2, 41012, Seville, Spain.
| | - Alberto Baños
- DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena, 82, 1862, Alhendín, Spain
| | | | - Verónica Molina-Hernández
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rosario Moyano
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ángeles Jos
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana M Cameán
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
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24
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Cascajosa-Lira A, Prieto Ortega AI, Guzmán-Guillén R, Cătunescu GM, de la Torre JM, Guillamón E, Jos Á, Cameán Fernández AM. Simultaneous determination of Allium compounds (Propyl propane thiosulfonate and thiosulfinate) in animal feed using UPLC-MS/MS. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 157:112619. [PMID: 34656694 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Propyl-propane-thiosulfonate (PTSO) and Propyl-propane-thiosulfinate (PTS) are organosulfur compounds used to supplement the diet of livestock because of their beneficial effects on feed palatability, their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antimethanogenic activities. Besides, antibiotic residues in the environment can be reduced by using these natural bioactive compounds. The objective of this study was to optimize the extraction parameters for the analysis of PTSO and PTS in feed matrices by performing a solid-liquid extraction and quantification by Ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Optimization was performed using the Response Surface Methodology on a Box-Behnken experimental design, optimizing the following parameters: solvent:sample ratios and evaporation temperature set for the rotary evaporator. The method was validated for 3 concentration levels for both PTSO (100, 500, 1000 ng g-1) and PTS (500, 1150, 2300 ng g-1). The highest recoveries of PTSO and PTS were obtained using 12.5 mL of 100% acetonitrile, stirring for 15 min, and an evaporation temperature of 20 °C. The validated method was further applied to detect and quantify these compounds in different feed matrices. In conclusion, this is the first study to simultaneously analyze PTSO and PTS at low concentrations, employing a sensitive technique such as UPLC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giorgiana M Cătunescu
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - José M de la Torre
- DMC Research Center SLU, Camino de Jayena s/n, Alhendin, 18620, Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique Guillamón
- DMC Research Center SLU, Camino de Jayena s/n, Alhendin, 18620, Granada, Spain
| | - Ángeles Jos
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
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