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Perdomo A, Calle A. Assessment of microbial communities in a dairy farm from a food safety perspective. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 423:110827. [PMID: 39043054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Microbial communities associated with dairy farm operations have a significant influence on food safety, dairy product quality, and animal health. This study aimed to create a microbial mapping at a dairy farm to learn about their bacterial diversity, distribution, and potential dissemination pathways. The investigation included the detection of key zoonotic pathogens, enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as indicators of typical bacterial loads in a dairy production environment, and a microbiome analysis using metagenomics. A total of 160 samples (environmental, udder swabs, feed, feces, raw milk, and water) were collected during winter (N = 80) and spring (N = 80). In winter, Cronobacter spp. were detected in four feed and two water samples; L. monocytogenes was identified in two samples, one from feces and one from a cattle mat; E. coli O157:H7 was found in two feed samples. On the other hand, during spring, Cronobacter spp. were present in four feed samples and one hallway drain, with only one feed sample testing positive for E. coli O157:H7, while L. monocytogenes was absent during the spring season. Regarding microbial counts, there was no significant difference between the two seasons (p = 0.068) for S. aureus; however, a significant difference (p = 0.025) was observed for E. coli. Environmental microbiome analysis showed the presence of Proteobacteria (46.0 %) and Firmicutes (27.2 %) as the dominant phyla during both seasons. Moraxellaceae (11.8 %) and Pseudomonadaceae (10.62 %) were notable during winter, while Lactobacillaceae (13.0 %) and Enterobacteriaceae (12.6 %) were prominent during spring. These findings offer valuable insights into microbial distribution within a dairy farm and potential risks to animal and human health through environmental cross-contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Perdomo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Alexandra Calle
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
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Sotohy SA, Elnaker YF, Omar AM, Alm Eldin NK, Diab MS. Prevalence, antibiogram and molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogenes from ruminants and humans in New Valley and Beheira Governorates, Egypt. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:297. [PMID: 38971767 PMCID: PMC11227151 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeriosis is a global health threat to both animals and humans, especially in developing countries. This study was designed to isolate Listeria monocytogenes from faeces; environmental samples; and cow, sheep and goat milk, as well as human stool, to study its molecular characteristics and antibiotic sensitivity in the New Valley and Beheira Governorates, Egypt. The isolation and identification of L. monocytogenes were carried out using traditional culture and biochemical methods, followed by antibiography, genus confirmation of some isolates and detection and sequencing of InlB genes via PCR. RESULTS Out of 2097 examined samples, the prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 13.4% in animals; the prevalence was 9.2%, 2.4%, 25.4%, 4%, 42.4%, and 6.4% in cattle faeces, cattle milk, sheep faeces, sheep milk, goat faeces, and goat milk, respectively. However, the prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 8.3% in human samples. Both animal and human isolates showed 100% resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and the isolates showed the highest sensitivity to flumequine (100%), amikacin (99.2%), gentamicin (97.6%), and levofloxacin (94.6%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 86.9% of the tested isolates. The 16 S rRNA and inlB genes were detected in 100% of the randomly selected L. monocytogenes isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of three isolates based on the inlB gene showed 100% identity between faecal, milk and human stool isolates. CONCLUSIONS Faeces and milk are major sources of listeriosis, and the high degree of genetic similarity between animal and human isolates suggests the possibility of zoonotic circulation. The high prevalence of MDR L. monocytogenes in both animal and human samples could negatively impact the success of prevention and treatments for animal and human diseases, thereby imposing serious risks to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotohy A Sotohy
- Department of Animal, Poultry and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Yasser F Elnaker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, El-Kharga, 1062001, New Valley, Egypt
| | - Aya M Omar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, El-Kharga, 1062001, New Valley, Egypt
| | - Nehal K Alm Eldin
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, Kharga Oasis, 1062001, New Valley, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Said Diab
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, Kharga Oasis, 1062001, New Valley, Egypt.
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Rodrigues IC, Ribeiro-Almeida M, Silveira L, Prata JC, de Carvalho AP, Roque C, Gomes JP, Borges V, Pista Â, Martins da Costa P. Unveiling a Listeria monocytogenes Outbreak in a Rabbit Farm: Clinical Manifestation, Antimicrobial Resistance, Genomic Insights and Environmental Investigation. Microorganisms 2024; 12:785. [PMID: 38674729 PMCID: PMC11051769 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes poses a threat to both human and animal health. This work describes an L. monocytogenes outbreak in a Portuguese rabbit farm, detailing the isolates' clinical manifestations, necropsy findings, and phenotypic and genomic profiles. Clinical signs, exclusively observed in does, included lethargy and reproductive signs. Post-mortem examination of does revealed splenomegaly, hepatomegaly with a reticular pattern, pulmonary congestion, and haemorrhagic lesions in the uterus, with thickening of the uterine wall and purulent greyish exudates. Positive L. monocytogenes samples were identified in fattening and maternity units across different samples, encompassing does and environmental samples. Core-genome Multi Locus Sequence Typing (cgMLST) analysis confirmed the outbreak, with the 16 sequenced isolates (lineage II, CC31, and ST325) clustering within a ≤2 allelic difference (AD) threshold. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for five antibiotics revealed that 15 out of 19 outbreak isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT). Concordantly, all SXT-resistant sequenced isolates were found to exclusively harbour a plasmid containing a trimethoprim-resistance gene (dfrD), along with loci linked to resistance to lincosamides (lnuG), macrolides (mphB), and polyether ionophores (NarAB operon). All sequenced outbreak isolates carried the antibiotic resistance-related genes tetM, fosX, lin, norB, lmrB, sul, and mprF. The outbreak cluster comprises isolates from does and the environment, which underscores the ubiquitous presence of L. monocytogenes and emphasizes the importance of biosecurity measures. Despite limited data on listeriosis in rabbit farming, this outbreak reveals its significant impact on animal welfare and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês C. Rodrigues
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.C.R.); (M.R.-A.); (J.C.P.); (A.P.d.C.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Marisa Ribeiro-Almeida
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.C.R.); (M.R.-A.); (J.C.P.); (A.P.d.C.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Leonor Silveira
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (L.S.); (C.R.); (Â.P.)
| | - Joana C. Prata
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.C.R.); (M.R.-A.); (J.C.P.); (A.P.d.C.)
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences, Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative (CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - André Pinto de Carvalho
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.C.R.); (M.R.-A.); (J.C.P.); (A.P.d.C.)
- NANTA Portugal, S.A., Rua da Estação, N° 157, 4630-221 Marco de Canaveses, Portugal
| | - Carla Roque
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (L.S.); (C.R.); (Â.P.)
| | - João Paulo Gomes
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.P.G.); (V.B.)
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vítor Borges
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.P.G.); (V.B.)
| | - Ângela Pista
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (L.S.); (C.R.); (Â.P.)
| | - Paulo Martins da Costa
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.C.R.); (M.R.-A.); (J.C.P.); (A.P.d.C.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Mohapatra RK, Mishra S, Tuglo LS, Sarangi AK, Kandi V, AL Ibrahim AA, Alsaif HA, Rabaan AA, Zahan MK. Recurring food source-based Listeria outbreaks in the United States: An unsolved puzzle of concern? Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1863. [PMID: 38317674 PMCID: PMC10839161 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Recurring Listeria outbreaks in the United States is a growing public healthcare concern. Although no associated reported death, 17 were hospitalized out of the 18 reported illnesses in the recent outbreak in 15 US states. The United States has experienced about 30 Listeria outbreaks in the last decade with 524 Listeriosis cases and 80 deaths. The identified origin were ice cream, leafy greens, mushroom, meat slice, dairy products like cheese, packaged salads, cooked chicken, hard-boiled egg, pork product, frozen vegetable, raw milk, packaged caramel apple, bean sprout and soya products. Although rare, Listeria may lead to serious illness (invasive listeriosis) or death. Listeriosis is critically harmful and medically complicated, especially in the pregnant, the old above 65 years and in the immunocompromised. It could cause premature birth, miscarriage or even neonatal death. Hospitalization is often necessary in the geriatric, being fatal at times. Among Listeria sp., Listeria monocytogenes is often human infection-associated. It is a gram-positive, non-sporulating, motile bacillus opportunistic pathogen. Food-borne listeriosis is often associated with frozen foods due to its ability to thrive at low temperatures. Hypervirulent strains of L. monocytogenes with an ability to infect the respiratory system (the lungs) was recently reported in the coronavirus disease-19 patients during the pandemic. L. monocytogenes seemed to have developed antimicrobial resistance to ciprofloxacin and meropenem, possibly acquired through the food chain. An early onset of listeriosis in the newborn is evident in the first 7 days postparturition. As the bacteria colonize the genitourinary tract, majority of such cases result from teratogenic transfer during vaginal delivery. Premature newborns, neonates born outside healthcare facilities and low-birth-weight babies were increasingly predisposed to an early onset of listeriosis. Listeria outbreaks were earlier reported in South Africa, Australia and Europe, with an unclear origin of the outbreaks. Social media updates about such outbreaks, the most likely food source, and measures to self-protect are suggested as preventive measures. The article deals on various such aspects related to listeriosis primarily originating from food, to ensure better public healthcare and human wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of BiotechnologyKIIT Deemed UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - Lawrence Sena Tuglo
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Health and Allied SciencesHoGhana
| | - Ashish K. Sarangi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied SciencesCenturion University of Technology and ManagementBalangirOdishaIndia
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of MicrobiologyPrathima Institute of Medical SciencesKarimnagarTelanganaIndia
| | | | | | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic LaboratoryJohns Hopkins Aramco HealthcareDhahranSaudi Arabia
- College of MedicineAlfaisal UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and NutritionThe University of HaripurHaripurPakistan
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Engelgeh T, Herrmann J, Jansen R, Müller R, Halbedel S. Tartrolon sensing and detoxification by the Listeria monocytogenes timABR resistance operon. Mol Microbiol 2023; 120:629-644. [PMID: 37804169 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne bacterium that naturally occurs in the soil. Originating from there, it contaminates crops and infects farm animals and their consumption by humans may lead to listeriosis, a systemic life-threatening infectious disease. The adaptation of L. monocytogenes to such contrastive habitats is reflected by the presence of virulence genes for host infection and other genes for survival under environmental conditions. Among the latter are ABC transporters for excretion of antibiotics produced by environmental competitors; however, most of these transporters have not been characterized. Here, we generated a collection of promoter-lacZ fusions for genes encoding ABC-type drug transporters of L. monocytogenes and screened this reporter strain collection for induction using a library of natural compounds produced by various environmental microorganisms. We found that the timABR locus (lmo1964-lmo1962) was induced by the macrodiolide antibiotic tartrolon B, which is synthesized by the soil myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum. Tartrolon B resistance of L. monocytogenes was dependent on timAB, encoding the ATPase and the permease component of a novel ABC transporter. Moreover, transplantation of timAB was sufficient to confer tartrolon B resistance to Bacillus subtilis. Expression of the timABR locus was found to be auto-repressed by the TimR repressor, whose repressing activity was lost in the presence of tartrolon B. We also demonstrate that tartrolon sensitivity was suppressed by high external potassium concentrations, suggesting that tartrolon acts as potassium ionophore. Our results help to map the ecological interactions of an important human pathogen with its co-residing species within their joint natural reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Engelgeh
- FG11 Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rolf Jansen
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sven Halbedel
- FG11 Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Friesema IHM, Verbart CC, van der Voort M, Stassen J, Lanzl MI, van der Weijden C, Slegers-Fitz-James IA, Franz E. Combining Whole Genome Sequencing Data from Human and Non-Human Sources: Tackling Listeria monocytogenes Outbreaks. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2617. [PMID: 38004629 PMCID: PMC10673080 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is ubiquitous in nature and known for its ability to contaminate foods during production processes. Near real-time monitoring of whole genome sequences from food and human isolates, complemented with epidemiological data, has been used in the Netherlands since 2019 to increase the speed and success rate of source finding in the case of (active) clusters. Nine clusters with 4 to 19 human cases investigated between January 2019 and May 2023 are described. Fish production sites were most often linked to outbreaks of listeriosis (six clusters), though other types of food businesses can face similar Lm problems, as the production processes and procedures determine risk. The results showed that low levels of Lm in food samples can still be linked to disease. Therefore, the investigation of a cluster of cases and deployment of the precautionary principle helps to focus on safe food and to prevent further cases. Good practice of environmental monitoring within a food business allows early detection of potential issues with food safety and helps food businesses to take appropriate measures such as cleaning to prevent regrowth of Lm and thus future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid H. M. Friesema
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (M.I.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Charlotte C. Verbart
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Products Safety Authority (NVWA), 3511 GG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.C.V.); (C.v.d.W.); (I.A.S.-F.-J.)
| | - Menno van der Voort
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.v.d.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Joost Stassen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.v.d.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Maren I. Lanzl
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (M.I.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Coen van der Weijden
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Products Safety Authority (NVWA), 3511 GG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.C.V.); (C.v.d.W.); (I.A.S.-F.-J.)
| | - Ife A. Slegers-Fitz-James
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Products Safety Authority (NVWA), 3511 GG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.C.V.); (C.v.d.W.); (I.A.S.-F.-J.)
| | - Eelco Franz
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (M.I.L.); (E.F.)
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Rajkhowa S, Sonowal J, Borthakur U, Pegu SR, Deb R, Das PJ, Sengar GS, Gupta VK. Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Porcine Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogens in India: A 13-Year (2010-2023) Study. Pathogens 2023; 12:1266. [PMID: 37887783 PMCID: PMC10610365 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of bacterial pathogens such as Brucella spp., Clostridium spp., E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus suis not only hampers pig production but also carries significant zoonotic implications. The present study aims to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis spanning over 13 years (2010-2023) to ascertain the prevalence of these zoonotic bacterial pathogens in Indian pig populations. The study seeks to synthesize data from diverse geographic regions within India and underscores the relevance of the One Health framework. A systematic search of electronic databases was meticulously performed. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies detailing zoonotic bacterial pathogen prevalence in pigs within India during the specified timeframe. Pertinent information including authors, publication year, geographical location, sampling techniques, sample sizes, and pathogen-positive case counts were meticulously extracted. The meta-analysis of zoonotic bacterial pathogens in Indian pig populations (2010-2023) unveiled varying prevalence rates: 9% Brucella spp., 22% Clostridium spp., 19% E. coli, 12% Listeria monocytogenes, 10% Salmonella spp. and Streptococcus suis, and 24% Staphylococcus spp. The application of random effects further revealed additional variability: 6% Brucella spp., 23% Clostridium spp., 24% E. coli, 14% Listeria monocytogenes, 10% Salmonella spp. and Streptococcus suis, and 35% Staphylococcus spp. Notably, the observed heterogeneity (I2) varied significantly from 87% to 99%. The meta-analysis findings underscore the pervasive nature of these diseases throughout India's pig populations, accentuating the substantial impact of these pathogens on pig health and the potential for zoonotic transmission. The present study reinforces the importance of the adoption of a comprehensive One Health approach that acknowledges the intricate interplay between animal, human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaraj Rajkhowa
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati 781131, Assam, India; (J.S.); (S.R.P.); (R.D.); (P.J.D.); (G.S.S.); (V.K.G.)
| | - Joyshikh Sonowal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati 781131, Assam, India; (J.S.); (S.R.P.); (R.D.); (P.J.D.); (G.S.S.); (V.K.G.)
| | - Udipta Borthakur
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department, Guwahati 781003, Assam, India;
| | - Seema Rani Pegu
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati 781131, Assam, India; (J.S.); (S.R.P.); (R.D.); (P.J.D.); (G.S.S.); (V.K.G.)
| | - Rajib Deb
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati 781131, Assam, India; (J.S.); (S.R.P.); (R.D.); (P.J.D.); (G.S.S.); (V.K.G.)
| | - Pranab Jyoti Das
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati 781131, Assam, India; (J.S.); (S.R.P.); (R.D.); (P.J.D.); (G.S.S.); (V.K.G.)
| | - Gyanendra Singh Sengar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati 781131, Assam, India; (J.S.); (S.R.P.); (R.D.); (P.J.D.); (G.S.S.); (V.K.G.)
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati 781131, Assam, India; (J.S.); (S.R.P.); (R.D.); (P.J.D.); (G.S.S.); (V.K.G.)
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Byun KH, Kim HJ. Survival strategies of Listeria monocytogenes to environmental hostile stress: biofilm formation and stress responses. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1631-1651. [PMID: 37780599 PMCID: PMC10533466 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a critical foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis and threatens public health. This pathogenic microorganism forms a transmission cycle in nature, food industry, and humans, expanding the areas of contamination among them and influencing food safety. L. monocytogenes forms biofilms to protect itself and promotes survival through stress responses to the various stresses (e.g., temperature, pH, and antimicrobial agents) that may be inflicted during food processing. Biofilms and mechanisms of resistance to hostile external or general stresses allow L. monocytogenes to survive despite a variety of efforts to ensure food safety. The current review article focuses on biofilm formation, resistance mechanisms through biofilms, and external specific or general stress responses of L. monocytogenes to help understand the unexpected survival rates of this bacterium; it also proposes the use of obstacle technology to effectively cope with it in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kye-Hwan Byun
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-Do, Wanju, 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-Do, Wanju, 55365 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
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Pino-Vera R, Abreu-Acosta N, Foronda P. Study of Zoonotic Pathogens in Alien Population of Veiled Chameleons ( Chamaeleo calyptratus) in the Canary Islands (Spain). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2288. [PMID: 37508064 PMCID: PMC10376624 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus) are native to the Arabian Peninsula that have been introduced as pets in many regions around the world, such as the Canary Islands (Spain). In this work, the gastrointestinal content from veiled chameleons of Gran Canaria island (Canary Islands) has been analyzed to determine the presence of zoonotic bacteria. Forty animals were analyzed using different selective culture media and PCR. The most isolated bacteria were Yersinia enterocolitica (52.4%), followed by Salmonella spp. (40.0%), with positive isolates for Salmonella Tyhpi and Salmonella Typhimurium. Pseudomonas spp. was found in 32.5% of the chameleons. More than half were positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus spp. was detected in six animals plus one isolate of non-resistant Staphylococcus hominis. Multiple mycobacteria species belonging to both tuberculous and non-tuberculous complexes were identified as well as Escherichia coli carrying the stx1 and eae virulence genes with 12.5% and 7.5% prevalence, respectively. Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter spp., and Vibrio spp. were found in lower proportion (<5%). The results obtained indicate that veiled chameleons in Gran Canaria could be playing a role in the maintenance and dissemination of the pathogens detected, harming public health and biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Román Pino-Vera
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Department Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Programa de Doctorado Ciencias Médicas y Farmacéuticas, Desarrollo y Calidad de Vida, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez, s/n, 38203 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Néstor Abreu-Acosta
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Nertalab S.L.U., 38001 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pilar Foronda
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Department Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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10
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Schneider G, Steinbach A, Putics Á, Solti-Hodován Á, Palkovics T. Potential of Essential Oils in the Control of Listeria monocytogenes. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1364. [PMID: 37374865 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen, the causative agent of listeriosis. Infections typically occur through consumption of foods, such as meats, fisheries, milk, vegetables, and fruits. Today, chemical preservatives are used in foods; however, due to their effects on human health, attention is increasingly turning to natural decontamination practices. One option is the application of essential oils (EOs) with antibacterial features, since EOs are considered by many authorities as being safe. In this review, we aimed to summarize the results of recent research focusing on EOs with antilisterial activity. We review different methods via which the antilisterial effect and the antimicrobial mode of action of EOs or their compounds can be investigated. In the second part of the review, results of those studies from the last 10 years are summarized, in which EOs with antilisterial effects were applied in and on different food matrices. This section only included those studies in which EOs or their pure compounds were tested alone, without combining them with any additional physical or chemical procedure or additive. Tests were performed at different temperatures and, in certain cases, by applying different coating materials. Although certain coatings can enhance the antilisterial effect of an EO, the most effective way is to mix the EO into the food matrix. In conclusion, the application of EOs is justified in the food industry as food preservatives and could help to eliminate this zoonotic bacterium from the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Schneider
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti St. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Anita Steinbach
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti St. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ákos Putics
- Central Laboratory, Aladár Petz Teaching Hospital, Vasvári Pál Street 2-4, H-9024 Győr, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Solti-Hodován
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti St. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Palkovics
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti St. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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11
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Rubini S, Baruffaldi M, Taddei R, D'Annunzio G, Scaltriti E, Tambassi M, Menozzi I, Bondesan G, Mazzariol S, Centelleghe C, Corazzola G, Savini F, Indio V, Serraino A, Giacometti F. Loggerhead Sea Turtle as Possible Source of Transmission for Zoonotic Listeriosis in the Marine Environment. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050344. [PMID: 37235427 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an ubiquitous pathogen isolated from different host species including fish, crustaceans, and molluscs, but it is rarely a pathogenic microorganism to marine reptiles. In particular, only two cases of fatal disseminated listeriosis have been described in the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). In this study, we describe a lethal case of L. monocytogenes infection in a loggerhead sea turtle. The turtle was found alive, stranded on a beach in North-eastern Italy, but perished soon after being rescued. The autoptic examination revealed that heart, lung, liver, spleen, and urinary bladder were disseminated with multiple, firm, 0.1-0.5 mm sized, nodular, white-green lesions. Microscopically, these lesions corresponded with heterophilic granulomas with Gram+ bacteria within the necrotic center. Furthermore, the Ziehl-Neelsen stain was negative for acid-fast organisms. Colonies isolated from heart and liver were tested through MALDI-TOF for species identification, revealing the presence of L. monocytogenes. Whole Genome Sequencing on L. monocytogenes isolates was performed and the subsequent in silico genotyping revealed the belonging to Sequence Type 6 (ST 6); the virulence profile was evaluated, showing the presence of pathogenicity islands commonly observed in ST 6. Our results further confirm that L. monocytogenes should be posed in differential diagnosis in case of nodular lesions of loggerhead sea turtles; thus, given the zoonotic potential of the microorganism, animals should be treated with particular caution. In addition, wildlife animals can play an active role as carriers of possibly pathogenetic and virulent strains and contribute to the distribution of L. monocytogenes in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silva Rubini
- Laboratory of Ichthyopathology and Marine Biotoxins, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matilde Baruffaldi
- Laboratory of Ichthyopathology and Marine Biotoxins, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Taddei
- Laboratory of Ichthyopathology and Marine Biotoxins, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia D'Annunzio
- Laboratory of Ichthyopathology and Marine Biotoxins, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erika Scaltriti
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Tambassi
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Menozzi
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna Regions (IZSLER), 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Bondesan
- Independent Contractor Veterinary and Delta Rescue President, 44020 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sandro Mazzariol
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science-BCA, University of Padua-Agripolis, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Cinzia Centelleghe
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science-BCA, University of Padua-Agripolis, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgia Corazzola
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science-BCA, University of Padua-Agripolis, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Savini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Indio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Serraino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Giacometti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
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12
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Meurer A, Antoni C, Ebert MP, Trimborn A, Hirth M. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes: a rare infection with very high leukocyte counts in ascitic fluid-case report and review of the literature. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2023; 47:102130. [PMID: 37116650 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a rare case of Listeria monocytogenes-induced spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhosis. Examination of the patient's peritoneal fluid revealed an extremely high leukocyte count. We suspect, that the patient belongs to 1% of individuals in which Listeria monocytogenes is part of the intestinal flora. Cephalosporins as empiric antibiotics have a Listeria gap. A combination of aminopenicillin and aminoglycoside is recommended. Therefore, early microbiological diagnosis from ascites and blood is essential. Listeria should be considered as a rare cause of SBP, especially in case of very high leukocyte count in peritoneal fluid or lack of response to empiric therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Meurer
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Antoni
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias P Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Trimborn
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hirth
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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13
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Treatment of Ready-To-Eat Cooked Meat Products with Cold Atmospheric Plasma to Inactivate Listeria and Escherichia coli. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040685. [PMID: 36832760 PMCID: PMC9955718 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ready-to-eat meat products have been identified as a potential vehicle for Listeria monocytogenes. Postprocessing contamination (i.e., handling during portioning and packaging) can occur, and subsequent cold storage together with a demand for products with long shelf life can create a hazardous scenario. Good hygienic practice is augmented by intervention measures in controlling post-processing contamination. Among these interventions, the application of 'cold atmospheric plasma' (CAP) has gained interest. The reactive plasma species exert some antibacterial effect, but can also alter the food matrix. We studied the effect of CAP generated from air in a surface barrier discharge system (power densities 0.48 and 0.67 W/cm2) with an electrode-sample distance of 15 mm on sliced, cured, cooked ham and sausage (two brands each), veal pie, and calf liver pâté. Colour of samples was tested immediately before and after CAP exposure. CAP exposure for 5 min effectuated only minor colour changes (ΔE max. 2.7), due to a decrease in redness (a*), and in some cases, an increase in b*. A second set of samples was contaminated with Listeria (L.) monocytogenes, L. innocua and E. coli and then exposed to CAP for 5 min. In cooked cured meats, CAP was more effective in inactivating E. coli (1 to 3 log cycles) than Listeria (from 0.2 to max. 1.5 log cycles). In (non-cured) veal pie and calf liver pâté that had been stored 24 h after CAP exposure, numbers of E. coli were not significantly reduced. Levels of Listeria were significantly reduced in veal pie that had been stored for 24 h (at a level of ca. 0.5 log cycles), but not in calf liver pâté. Antibacterial activity differed between but also within sample types, which requires further studies.
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14
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Schoder D, Pelz A, Paulsen P. Transmission Scenarios of Listeria monocytogenes on Small Ruminant On-Farm Dairies. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020265. [PMID: 36673359 PMCID: PMC9858201 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes can cause severe foodborne infections in humans and invasive diseases in different animal species, especially in small ruminants. Infection of sheep and goats can occur via contaminated feed or through the teat canal. Both infection pathways result in direct (e.g., raw milk from an infected udder or fresh cheese produced from such milk) or indirect exposure of consumers. The majority of dairy farmers produces a high-risk product, namely fresh cheese made from raw ewe's and goat's milk. This, and the fact that L. monocytogenes has an extraordinary viability, poses a significant challenge to on-farm dairies. Yet, surprisingly, almost no scientific studies have been conducted dealing with the hygiene and food safety aspects of directly marketed dairy products. L. monocytogenes prevalence studies on small ruminant on-farm dairies are especially limited. Therefore, it was our aim to focus on three main transmission scenarios of this important major foodborne pathogen: (i) the impact of caprine and ovine listerial mastitis; (ii) the significance of clinical listeriosis and outbreak scenarios; and (iii) the impact of farm management and feeding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Schoder
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Unit of Food Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Vétérinaires sans Frontières Austria, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-25077-3520
| | - Alexandra Pelz
- Vétérinaires sans Frontières Austria, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Paulsen
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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