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Bittel AJ, Chen YW. DNA Methylation in the Adaptive Response to Exercise. Sports Med 2024; 54:1419-1458. [PMID: 38561436 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence published over the past decade has highlighted the role of DNA methylation in skeletal muscle function and health, including as an epigenetic transducer of the adaptive response to exercise. In this review, we aim to synthesize the latest findings in this field to highlight: (1) the shifting understanding of the genomic localization of altered DNA methylation in response to acute and chronic aerobic and resistance exercise in skeletal muscle (e.g., promoter, gene bodies, enhancers, intergenic regions, un-annotated regions, and genome-wide methylation); (2) how these global/regional methylation changes relate to transcriptional activity following exercise; and (3) the factors (e.g., individual demographic or genetic features, dietary, training history, exercise parameters, local epigenetic characteristics, circulating hormones) demonstrated to alter both the pattern of DNA methylation after exercise, and the relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression. Finally, we discuss the changes in non-CpG methylation and 5-hydroxymethylation after exercise, as well as the importance of emerging single-cell analyses to future studies-areas of increasing focus in the field of epigenetics. We anticipate that this review will help generate a framework for clinicians and researchers to begin developing and testing exercise interventions designed to generate targeted changes in DNA methylation as part of a personalized exercise regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Bittel
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Science, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, 2121 I St NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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Radak Z, Pan L, Zhou L, Mozaffaritabar S, Gu Y, A Pinho R, Zheng X, Ba X, Boldogh I. Epigenetic and "redoxogenetic" adaptation to physical exercise. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:65-74. [PMID: 37977212 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Exercise-induced adaptation is achieved by altering the epigenetic landscape of the entire genome leading to the expression of genes involved in various processes including regulatory, metabolic, adaptive, immune, and myogenic functions. Clinical and experimental data suggest that the methylation pattern/levels of promoter/enhancer is not linearly correlated with gene expression and proteome levels during physical activity implying a level of complexity and interplay with other regulatory modulators. It has been shown that a higher level of physical fitness is associated with a slower DNA methylation-based aging clock. There is strong evidence supporting exercise-induced ROS being a key regulatory mediator through overlapping events, both as signaling entities and through oxidative modifications to various protein mediators and DNA molecules. ROS generated by physical activity shapes epigenome both directly and indirectly, a complexity we are beginning to unravel within the epigenetic arrangement. Oxidative modification of guanine to 8-oxoguanine is a non-genotoxic alteration, does not distort DNA helix and serves as an epigenetic-like mark. The reader and eraser of oxidized guanine is the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1, contributing to changes in gene expression. In fact, it can modulate methylation patterns of promoters/enhancers consequently leading to multiple phenotypic changes. Here, we provide evidence and discuss the potential roles of exercise-induced ROS in altering cytosine methylation patterns during muscle adaptation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Radak
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, 359-1192, Japan.
| | - Lang Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX77555, USA
| | - Lei Zhou
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Soroosh Mozaffaritabar
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ricardo A Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Xu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX77555, USA
| | - Xueqing Ba
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX77555, USA
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX77555, USA
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Wang L, Mao L, Xiao W, Chen P. Natural killer cells immunosenescence and the impact of lifestyle management. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 689:149216. [PMID: 37976836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer cells (NKs) are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that quickly respond to viruses, infections, and tumors during their short cell life cycle. However, it was recently found that NKs undergo quantitative, distributional, structural, and functional phenotypic changes during aging that suppress immune responses, which is known as immunosenescence. The aging host environment, cytokine regulation, cytomegalovirus status, and hypothalamic‒pituitary‒adrenal axis have significant effects on NK function. Different lifestyle management interventions modulate the number and cytotoxic activity of NKs, which are essential for rebuilding the immune barrier against pathogens in elderly individuals. Based on recent studies, we review the phenotypic changes of and potential threats of NKs during aging and explore the underlying mechanisms. By summarizing the effects of lifestyle management on NKs and their application prospects, we aim to provide evidence for enhancing immune system function against immune diseases in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Wang
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Liwei Mao
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Weihua Xiao
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Peijie Chen
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Mallick R, Duttaroy AK. Epigenetic modification impacting brain functions: Effects of physical activity, micronutrients, caffeine, toxins, and addictive substances. Neurochem Int 2023; 171:105627. [PMID: 37827244 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Changes in gene expression are involved in many brain functions. Epigenetic processes modulate gene expression by histone modification and DNA methylation or RNA-mediated processes, which is important for brain function. Consequently, epigenetic changes are also a part of brain diseases such as mental illness and addiction. Understanding the role of different factors on the brain epigenome may help us understand the function of the brain. This review discussed the effects of caffeine, lipids, addictive substances, physical activity, and pollutants on the epigenetic changes in the brain and their modulatory effects on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mallick
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, POB 1046 Blindern, Oslo, Norway.
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Alfitian J, Riedel B, Ismail H, Ho KM, Xie S, Zimmer P, Kammerer T, Wijeysundera DN, Cuthbertson BH, Schier R. Sex-related differences in functional capacity and its implications in risk stratification before major non-cardiac surgery: a post hoc analysis of the international METS study. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 64:102223. [PMID: 37811489 PMCID: PMC10556582 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Poor functional capacity has been identified as an important modifiable risk factor for postoperative complications. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides objective parameters of functional capacity (e.g., oxygen consumption at peak exercise, peak VO2), with significant prognostication for postoperative complications. However, sex-specific thresholds for functional capacity to predict surgical risk are yet to be established. Therefore, we performed a post hoc analysis of the international, multicentre, prospective observational METS (Measurement of Exercise Tolerance before Surgery) study to evaluate if sex-specific thresholds of peak VO2 improve risk prediction of postoperative complications. Methods We undertook a post hoc analysis (HREC/71824/PMCC) of the METS study, which was performed between March 2013 and March 2016. We investigated whether sex-specific differences exist for CPET-derived parameters and associated thresholds for predicting postoperative complications in this large cohort of patients that had major non-cardiac surgery (n = 1266). Logistic regression models were analyzed for the association of low peak VO2 with moderate-to-severe in-hospital postoperative complications. Optimal sex-specific peak VO2 thresholds were obtained by maximizing the Youden index of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Finally, multivariable logistic regression models tested the resulting sex-specific thresholds against the established non-sex-specific peak VO2 threshold (14 mL kg-1 min-1) adjusted for clinically relevant features such as comorbidities and surgical complexity. Models were evaluated by bootstrapping optimism-corrected area under the ROC curve and the net reclassification improvement index (NRI). Findings Female patients (n = 480) had a lower mean (SD) peak VO2 than males (16.7 (4.9) mL kg-1 min-1 versus 21.2 (6.5) mL kg-1 min-1, p < 0.001) and a lower postoperative complication rate (10.4% versus 15.3%; p = 0.018) than males (n = 786). The optimal peak VO2 threshold for predicting postoperative complications was 12.4 mL kg-1 min-1 for females and 22.3 mL kg-1 min-1 for males, respectively. In the multivariable regression model, low non-sex-specific peak VO2 did not independently predict postoperative complications. In contrast, low sex-specific peak VO2 was an independent predictor of postoperative complications (OR 2.29; 95% CI: 1.60, 3.30; p < 0.001). The optimism-corrected AUC-ROC of the sex-specific model was higher compared with the non-sex-specific model (0.73 versus 0.7; DeLong's test: p = 0.021). The sex-specific model classified 39% of the patients more correctly than the baseline model (NRI = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.55). In contrast, the non-sex-specific model only classified 9% of the patients more correctly when compared against the baseline model (NRI = 0.09; 95% CI: -0.04, 0.22). Interpretation Our data report sex-specific differences in preoperative CPET-derived functional capacity parameters. Sex-specific peak VO2 thresholds identify patients at increased risk for postoperative complications with a higher discriminatory ability than a sex-unspecific threshold. As such, sex-specific threshold values should be considered in preoperative CPET to potentially improve risk stratification and to guide surgical decision-making, including eligibility for surgery, preoperative optimization strategies (prehabilitation) or seeking non-surgical options. Funding There was no funding for the present study. The original METS study was funded by Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science, UK National Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, UK Clinical Research Collaboration, Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists, and Monash University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Alfitian
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Germany
| | - Bernhard Riedel
- Department of Anaesthesia, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Australia
- The Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hilmy Ismail
- Department of Anaesthesia, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Australia
- The Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kwok M. Ho
- University of Western Australia and Murdoch University, Australia
| | - Sophia Xie
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Australia
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division of Performance and Health, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Germany
| | - Tobias Kammerer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Germany
| | - Duminda N. Wijeysundera
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian H. Cuthbertson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Schier
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Marburg, Campus Fulda, Germany
| | - the METS Study Investigators
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesia, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Australia
- The Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Western Australia and Murdoch University, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Australia
- Division of Performance and Health, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Marburg, Campus Fulda, Germany
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Priviero F. Epigenetic modifications and fetal programming: Molecular mechanisms to control hypertension inheritance. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115412. [PMID: 36632959 PMCID: PMC10012045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the number 1 cause of death in the United States and hypertension is a highly prevalent risk factor for CVD. It is estimated that up to 50 % of the hypertensive trait is genetically inherited while the other 50 % is determined by modifiable factors involving lifestyle, behaviors, and the environment. Interestingly, the hypertensive trait is induced or inhibited by epigenetic modifications modulated by modifiable factors. This review focused on the underlying mechanisms of stress, sleep deprivation, obesity and sedentarism as key players for epigenetic modifications contributing to the development of the hypertensive trait and, on the other hand, how epigenetic modifications induced by physical exercise and healthier habits may contribute to overturn and prevent the inheritance of hypertension trait. Furthermore, adversities during gestation and perinatal life also increase the risk for hypertension and CVD later in life, which can perpetuate the inheritance of the hypertensive trait whereas healthier habits during gestation and lactation may counteract fetal programming to improve the cardiovascular health of the progeny. Therefore, it is promising that a healthier lifestyle causes long-lasting epigenetic modifications and is transmitted to the next generation, strengthening the fight against the inheritance of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Priviero
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy - School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States; Cardiovascular Translational Research Center - School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States; College of Engineering and Computing, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.
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Spartano NL, Wang R, Yang Q, Chernofsky A, Murabito JM, Vasan RS, Levy D, Beiser AS, Seshadri S. Association of Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Epigenetic Markers of Aging. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:264-272. [PMID: 36107108 PMCID: PMC9840651 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE Physical activity may influence chronic disease risk, in part, through epigenetic mechanisms. Previous studies have demonstrated that an acute bout of physical activity can influence DNA methylation status. Few studies have explored the relationship between habitual, accelerometer-measured physical activity or sedentary time with epigenetic markers of aging. METHODS We used linear regression to examine cross-sectional associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time with extrinsic and intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (EEAA and IEAA) models and GrimAge measured from blood samples from Framingham Heart Study participants with accelerometry and DNA methylation data ( n = 2435; mean age, 54.9 ± 14.3; 46.0% men). Residuals of Hannum-, Horvath-, and GrimAge-predicted epigenetic age were calculated by regressing epigenetic age on chronological age. We took into account blood cell composition for EEAA, IEAA, and AdjGrimAge. Moderate to vigorous physical activity was log-transformed to normalize its distribution. Adjustment models accounted for family structure, age, sex, smoking status, cohort-laboratory indicator, and accelerometer wear time. We additionally explored adjustment for body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Walking 1500 more steps per day or spending 3 fewer hours sedentary was associated with >10 months lower GrimAge biological age (or ~1 month lower AdjGrimAge, after adjusting for blood cells, P < 0.05). Every 5 min·d -1 more moderate to vigorous physical activity was associated with 19-79 d of lower GrimAge (4-23 d lower using EEAA or AdjGrimAge, P < 0.01). Adjusting for BMI attenuated these results, but all statistically significant associations with AdjGrimAge remained. CONCLUSIONS Greater habitual physical activity and lower sedentary time were associated with lower epigenetic age, which was partially explained by BMI. Further research should explore whether changes in physical activity influence methylation status and whether those modifications influence chronic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH), Boston, MA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH), Boston, MA
| | - Ariel Chernofsky
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH), Boston, MA
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Exercise. Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91904-3.00014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Komaki S, Ohmomo H, Hachiya T, Sutoh Y, Ono K, Furukawa R, Umekage S, Otsuka-Yamasaki Y, Tanno K, Sasaki M, Shimizu A. Longitudinal DNA methylation dynamics as a practical indicator in clinical epigenetics. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:219. [PMID: 34903243 PMCID: PMC8670275 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the fundamental assumptions of DNA methylation in clinical epigenetics is that DNA methylation status can change over time with or without interplay with environmental and clinical conditions. However, little is known about how DNA methylation status changes over time under ordinary environmental and clinical conditions. In this study, we revisited the high frequency longitudinal DNA methylation data of two Japanese males (24 time-points within three months) and characterized the longitudinal dynamics. RESULTS The results showed that the majority of CpGs on Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip probe set were longitudinally stable over the time period of three months. Focusing on dynamic and stable CpGs extracted from datasets, dynamic CpGs were more likely to be reported as epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) markers of various traits, especially those of immune- and inflammatory-related traits; meanwhile, the stable CpGs were enriched in metabolism-related genes and were less likely to be EWAS markers, indicating that the stable CpGs are stable both in the short-term within individuals and under various environmental and clinical conditions. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that CpGs with different stabilities are involved in different functions and traits, and thus, they are potential indicators that can be applied for clinical epigenetic studies to outline underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Komaki
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohmomo
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hachiya
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sutoh
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Kanako Ono
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Ryohei Furukawa
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan.,Department of Biology, Research and Education Center for Natural Sciences, Keio University, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8521, Japan
| | - So Umekage
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Yayoi Otsuka-Yamasaki
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Kozo Tanno
- Division of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan.,Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Shiwa, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan.,Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Shiwa, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan. .,Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Shiwa, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan.
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Tarnowski M, Kopytko P, Piotrowska K. Epigenetic Regulation of Inflammatory Responses in the Context of Physical Activity. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1313. [PMID: 34573295 PMCID: PMC8465911 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications occur in response to environmental changes and play a fundamental role in the regulation of gene expression. PA is found to elicit an inflammatory response, both from the innate and adaptive divisions of the immunological system. The inflammatory reaction is considered a vital trigger of epigenetic changes that in turn modulate inflammatory actions. The tissue responses to PA involve local and general changes. The epigenetic mechanisms involved include: DNA methylation, histone proteins modification and microRNA. All of them affect genetic expression in an inflammatory milieu in physical exercise depending on the magnitude of physiological stress experienced by the exerciser. PA may evoke acute or chronic biochemical and physiological responses and have a positive or negative immunomodulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.P.)
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 70-453 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kopytko
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Piotrowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.P.)
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Mathot E, Liberman K, Cao Dinh H, Njemini R, Bautmans I. Systematic review on the effects of physical exercise on cellular immunosenescence-related markers - An update. Exp Gerontol 2021; 149:111318. [PMID: 33794319 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunosenescence is a remodeling of the immune system occurring with aging that leads to an increased susceptibility to auto-immunity, infections and reduced vaccination response. A growing consensus supports the view that physical exercise may counteract immunosenescence and improve the immune response. Unfortunately, evidence regarding the effects of exercise on markers of cellular immunosenescence lacked uniformity at the time of an extensive literature review in 2016. Moreover, exercise-induced effects in older adults were underrepresented compared to young adults or completely lacking, such as for senescent T-cells and apoptosis of T-lymphocytes. The aim of this systematic literature study was to collect and appraise newly available data regarding exercise-induced changes on immunosenescence-related markers of immune cells and compare this against data that was already available in 2016. Systematic reviewing of newly available data in the field of exercise immunology provides additional evidence for the effect of exercise on immunosenescence-related cellular markers. Importantly, this review provides evidence for the effect of long-term exercise on senescent T-lymphocytes in older adults. Additionally, newly retrieved evidence shows an acute exercise-induced mobilization of naïve and memory cells in older adults. In general, data regarding long-term exercise-induced effects in older adults remain scarce. Noteworthy was the high number of articles describing exercise-induced effects on regulatory T-cells. However exercise-induced effects on this cell type are still inconclusive as some articles reported an exercise-induced up- or downregulation, while others reported no effects at all. Numerous studies on Natural Killer cell counts did not provide uniformity among data that was already available. Recent data regarding dendritic cells mostly described an increase after exercise. Overall, our literature update highlights the major influence of the type and intensity of exercise on immunosenescence-related markers, especially in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelyn Mathot
- Frailty in Ageing Research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Keliane Liberman
- Frailty in Ageing Research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hung Cao Dinh
- Frailty in Ageing Research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Internal Medicine Department, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Rose Njemini
- Frailty in Ageing Research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Frailty in Ageing Research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Geriatrics Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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13
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Xia M, Wang B, Wang Z, Zhang X, Wang X. Epigenetic Regulation of NK Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:672328. [PMID: 34017344 PMCID: PMC8129532 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are critical innate lymphocytes that can directly kill target cells without prior immunization. NK cell activation is controlled by the balance of multiple germline-encoded activating and inhibitory receptors. NK cells are a heterogeneous and plastic population displaying a broad spectrum of functional states (resting, activating, memory, repressed, and exhausted). In this review, we present an overview of the epigenetic regulation of NK cell-mediated antitumor immunity, including DNA methylation, histone modification, transcription factor changes, and microRNA expression. NK cell-based immunotherapy has been recognized as a promising strategy to treat cancer. Since epigenetic alterations are reversible and druggable, these studies will help identify new ways to enhance NK cell-mediated antitumor cytotoxicity by targeting intrinsic epigenetic regulators alone or in combination with other strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoran Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingbing Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xulong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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14
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Dimauro I, Paronetto MP, Caporossi D. Exercise, redox homeostasis and the epigenetic landscape. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101477. [PMID: 32127290 PMCID: PMC7284912 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise represents one of the strongest physiological stimuli capable to induce functional and structural modifications in all biological systems. Indeed, beside the traditional genetic mechanisms, physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications, namely DNA methylation, post-translational histone modification and non-coding RNA transcripts. Initially considered as merely damaging molecules, it is now well recognized that both reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) produced under voluntary exercise play an important role as regulatory mediators in signaling processes. While robust scientific evidences highlight the role of exercise-associated redox modifications in modulating gene expression through the genetic machinery, the understanding of their specific impact on epigenomic profile is still at an early stage. This review will provide an overview of the role of ROS and RNS in modulating the epigenetic landscape in the context of exercise-related adaptations. Physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic regulation of ROS/RNS generating, sensing and neutralizing enzymes can impact the cellular levels of ROS and RNS. ROS might act as modulators of epigenetic machinery, interfering with DNA methylation, hPTMs and ncRNAs expression. Redox homeostasis might hold a relevant role in the epigenetic landscape modulating exercise-related adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy.
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15
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Genetic and Epigenetic Modulation of Cell Functions by Physical Exercise. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10121043. [PMID: 31888150 PMCID: PMC6947840 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, the importance of physical activity (PA) and of a wholesome diet for human health has been clearly recognized. However, only recently, it has been acknowledged that PA can reverse at least some of the unwanted effects of a sedentary lifestyle, contributing to the treatment of pathologies such as hypertension and diabetes, to the delay of aging and neurodegeneration, and even to the improvement of immunity and cognitive processes. At the same time, the cellular and molecular bases of these effects are beginning to be uncovered. The original research articles and reviews published in this Special Issue on “Genetic and Epigenetic Modulation of Cell Functions by Physical Exercise” focus on different aspects of the genetics and molecular biology of PA effects on health and, in addition, on the effects of different genotypes on the ability to perform PA. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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16
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Di Liegro CM, Schiera G, Proia P, Di Liegro I. Physical Activity and Brain Health. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090720. [PMID: 31533339 PMCID: PMC6770965 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) has been central in the life of our species for most of its history, and thus shaped our physiology during evolution. However, only recently the health consequences of a sedentary lifestyle, and of highly energetic diets, are becoming clear. It has been also acknowledged that lifestyle and diet can induce epigenetic modifications which modify chromatin structure and gene expression, thus causing even heritable metabolic outcomes. Many studies have shown that PA can reverse at least some of the unwanted effects of sedentary lifestyle, and can also contribute in delaying brain aging and degenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer’s Disease, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Most importantly, PA improves cognitive processes and memory, has analgesic and antidepressant effects, and even induces a sense of wellbeing, giving strength to the ancient principle of “mens sana in corpore sano” (i.e., a sound mind in a sound body). In this review we will discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the effects of PA on brain health, focusing on hormones, neurotrophins, and neurotransmitters, the release of which is modulated by PA, as well as on the intra- and extra-cellular pathways that regulate the expression of some of the genes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Maria Di Liegro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche) (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Schiera
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche) (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Proia
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement (Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, Pedagogiche, dell'Esercizio fisico e della Formazione), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Italia Di Liegro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica avanzata) (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
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