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Mertes V, Saragliadis A, Mascherin E, Tysvær EB, Roos N, Linke D, Winther-Larsen HC. Recombinant expression of Yersinia ruckeri outer membrane proteins in Escherichia coli extracellular vesicles. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 215:106409. [PMID: 38040272 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a common process in Gram-negative bacteria and can be exploited for biotechnological applications. EVs pose a self-adjuvanting, non-replicative vaccine platform, where membrane and antigens are presented to the host immune system in a non-infectious fashion. The secreted quantity of EVs varies between Gram-negative bacterial species and is comparatively high in the model bacterium E. coli. The outer membrane proteins OmpA and OmpF of the fish pathogen Y. ruckeri have been proposed as vaccine candidates to prevent enteric redmouth disease in aquaculture. In this work, Y.ruckeri OmpA or OmpF were expressed in E. coli and recombinant EVs were isolated. To avoid competition between endogenous E. coli OmpA or OmpF, Y. ruckeri OmpA and OmpF were expressed in E. coli strains lacking ompA, ompF, and in a quadruple knockout strain where the four major outer membrane protein genes ompA, ompC, ompF and lamB were removed. Y.ruckeri OmpA and OmpF were successfully expressed in EVs derived from the E. coli mutants as verified by SDS-PAGE, heat modifiability and proteomic analysis using mass-spectrometry. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of EVs in all E. coli strains, and increased EV concentrations were detected when expressing Y. ruckeri OmpA or OmpF in recombinant EVs compared to empty vector controls as verified by nanoparticle tracking analysis. These results show that E. coli can be utilized as a vector for production of EVs expressing outer membrane antigens from Y. ruckeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Mertes
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Athanasios Saragliadis
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisa Mascherin
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Ellen-Beate Tysvær
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Norbert Roos
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Dirk Linke
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne C Winther-Larsen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway.
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Quintanilla-Pineda M, Ibañez FC, Garrote-Achou C, Marzo F. A Novel Postbiotic Product Based on Weissella cibaria for Enhancing Disease Resistance in Rainbow Trout: Aquaculture Application. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:744. [PMID: 38473129 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Postbiotics are innovative tools in animal husbandry, providing eco-friendly solutions for disease management within the industry. In this study, a new postbiotic product was evaluated for its impact on the health of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In vivo studies were conducted to assess the safety of the Weissella cibaria strains used in postbiotic production. Additionally, this study evaluated the impact of diet supplementation with 0.50% postbiotics on growth performance during a 30-day feeding trial; the gut microbial communities, immunomodulation, and protection against Yersinia ruckeri infection were evaluated. The strains did not harm the animals during the 20-day observation period. Furthermore, the effect of postbiotics on growth performance was not significant (p < 0.05). The treated group showed a significant increase in acid-lactic bacteria on the 30th day of the feeding trial, with counts of 3.42 ± 0.21 log CFU/mL. Additionally, there was an up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in head kidney samples after 48 h of feed supplementation, whereas cytokines IL-10, IL-8, INF-γ, and TNF-α were down-regulated. The findings indicate that rainbow trout fed with postbiotics saw an improvement in their survival rate against Y. ruckeri, with a 20.66% survival improvement in the treated group. This study proves that incorporating postbiotics from two strains of W. cibaria previously isolated from rainbow trout into the diet of fish has immunomodulatory effects, enhances intestinal microbial composition, and improves fish resistance against Y. ruckeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Quintanilla-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Nutrición Animal, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
- PENTABIOL SL, 31191 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco C Ibañez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Nutrición Animal, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Florencio Marzo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Nutrición Animal, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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Olymon K, Yadav M, Teronpi V, Kumar A. Unravelling the genomic secrets of bacterial fish pathogens: a roadmap to aquaculture sustainability. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:364. [PMID: 38407655 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09331-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
In the field of aquaculture, bacterial pathogens pose significant challenges to fish health and production. Advancements in genomic technologies have revolutionized our understanding of bacterial fish pathogens and their interactions with their host species. This review explores the application of genomic approaches in the identification, classification, and characterization of bacterial fish pathogens. Through an extensive analysis of the literature, we have compiled valuable data on 79 bacterial fish pathogens spanning 13 different phyla, encompassing their whole genome sequences. By leveraging high-throughput sequencing techniques, researchers have gained valuable insights into the genomic makeup of these pathogens, enabling a deeper understanding of their virulence factors and mechanisms of host interaction. Furthermore, genomic approaches have facilitated the discovery of potential vaccine and drug targets, opening up new avenues for the development of effective interventions against fish pathogens. Additionally, the utilization of genomics in fish disease resistance and control in aquaculture has shown promising results, enabling the identification of genetic markers associated with disease resistance traits. This review highlights the significant contributions of genomics to the field of fish pathogen research and underscores its potential for improving disease management strategies and enhancing the sustainability of aquaculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushika Olymon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Mohit Yadav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Valentina Teronpi
- Department, of Zoology, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Adarsha Mahavidyalaya, Behali, Biswanath, Assam, 784184, India.
| | - Aditya Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India.
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Calderón IL, Barros MJ, Fernández-Navarro N, Acuña LG. Detection of Nucleic Acids of the Fish Pathogen Yersinia ruckeri from Planktonic and Biofilm Samples with a CRISPR/Cas13a-Based Assay. Microorganisms 2024; 12:283. [PMID: 38399687 PMCID: PMC10892712 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is the cause of hemorrhagic septicemia, known as enteric redmouth disease, in salmonid fish species. This bacterial pathogen can form biofilms on abiotic surfaces of aquaculture settings or even on the surfaces of the fish themselves, contributing to their persistence in the aquatic environment. Detection methods for this and other fish pathogens can be time-consuming and lack specificity and sensitivity, limiting timely monitoring, the treatment of microbial infections, and effective control of their transmission in aquaculture settings. Rapid and sensitive detection methods for nucleic acids can be crucial for an appropriate surveillance of bacterial pathogens, and the CRISPR/Cas-based assays have emerged as a good alternative since it has been proven to be a useful tool for the rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of viruses and some bacteria. In this study, we explored the capability of the CRISPR/Cas13a system (SHERLOCK) to specifically detect both DNA and RNA (gene transcripts) from planktonic and biofilm samples of the bacterial fish pathogen Y. ruckeri. The assay was designed to detect the gyrA gene and the small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) MicA and RprA from planktonic cultures and biofilm samples prepared in marine broth. The specific crRNA designed for these gene targets included a 28 nt specific gene sequence, and a scaffold sequence necessary for Cas13-binding. For all the assays, the nucleic acids obtained from samples were previously subjected to isothermal amplification with the recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) method and the subsequent T7 transcription of the RPA amplicons. Finally, the detection of nucleic acids of Y. ruckeri was by means of a reporter signal released by the Cas13a collateral RNA cleavage triggered upon target recognition, measured by fluorescence- or lateral-flow-based readouts. This CRISPR/Cas13a-based assay was able to specifically detect both DNA and sRNAs from the Y. ruckeri samples, and the sensitivity was comparable to that obtained with qPCR analysis, highlighting the potential applicability of this CRISPR/Cas13a-based assay for fish pathogen surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván L. Calderón
- Laboratorio de RNAs Bacterianos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (M.J.B.); (N.F.-N.)
| | | | | | - Lillian G. Acuña
- Laboratorio de RNAs Bacterianos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (M.J.B.); (N.F.-N.)
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Dayana Senthamarai M, Rajan MR, Bharathi PV. Current risks of microbial infections in fish and their prevention methods: A review. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106400. [PMID: 37863271 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
A fast-expanding sector of agriculture worldwide is aquaculture. The production of fish internationally accounts for around 44 % of the total. Even though the aquaculture environment presents several difficulties, the current development in aquaculture production comes with an increase in infectious diseases, which significantly impacts the production, profitability, and sustainability of the worldwide aquaculture business. Many infectious agents, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites are causative agents for fish infections. Most infectious diseases found in all types of fish like marine water, freshwater and ornamental fishes are caused by bacteria, with many of them serving as secondary opportunistic invaders that attack sick animals by affecting their natural host immunity. To overcome this, addressing health issues based on methods that have been scientifically verified and advised will help lessen the effects of fish disease. This review aims to highlight some of the common microbial-infecting agents of fish in all types of aquatic systems and their effective methods for preventing infections in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugeswaran Dayana Senthamarai
- Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, Dindigul (Dt)-624 302, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Muthuswami Ruby Rajan
- Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, Dindigul (Dt)-624 302, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Palanichamy Vidhya Bharathi
- Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, Dindigul (Dt)-624 302, Tamilnadu, India
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Kakakhel MA, Narwal N, Kataria N, Johari SA, Zaheer Ud Din S, Jiang Z, Khoo KS, Xiaotao S. Deciphering the dysbiosis caused in the fish microbiota by emerging contaminants and its mitigation strategies-A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:117002. [PMID: 37648194 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The primary barrier to nutrient absorption in fish is the intestinal epithelium, followed by a community of microorganisms known as the gut microbiota, which can be thought of as a hidden organ. The gastrointestinal microbiota of fish plays a key role in the upholding of overall health by maintaining the homeostasis and disease resistance of the host. However, emerging contaminants as the result of anthropogenic activities have significantly led to disruptions and intestinal dysbiosis in fish. Which probably results in fish mortalities and disrupts the balance of an ecosystem. Therefore, we comprehensively seek to compile the effects and consequences of emerging contaminations on fish intestinal microbiota. Additionally, the mitigation strategies including prebiotics, probiotics, plant-based diet, and Biofloc technology are being outlined. Biofloc technology (BFT) can treat toxic materials, i.e., nitrogen components, and convert them into a useful product such as proteins and demonstrated promising elevating technique for the fish intestinal bacterial composition. However, it remains unclear whether the bacterial isolate is primarily responsible for the BFT's removal of nitrate and ammonia and the corresponding removal mechanism. To answer this, real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with metagenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics techniques probably provides a possible solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Adnan Kakakhel
- Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China; College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Nishita Narwal
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Navish Kataria
- Department of Environmental Sciences, J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, Haryana, 121006, India
| | - Seyed Ali Johari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Syed Zaheer Ud Din
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Zewen Jiang
- Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China; College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shi Xiaotao
- Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China; College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China.
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7
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Erfanmanesh A, Beikzadeh B, Khanzadeh M. Efficacy of polyvalent vaccine on immune response and disease resistance against streptococcosis/lactococcosis and yersiniosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1347-1355. [PMID: 36809599 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Diseases are the most significant challenge in the development and stability of aquaculture. In this study, the immunogenic efficiency of polyvalent streptococcosis/lactococcosis and yersiniosis vaccines was evaluated by injection and immersion methods in rainbow trout.. The 450 fish with an average weight of 50 ± 5 g were divided into three treatments and three replications as follows: injection vaccine treatment, immersion vaccine treatment and control group without vaccine administration. Fish were kept for 74 days and sampling was done on days 20, 40 and 60. Then, from the 60th to the 74th day, the immunized groups were challenged with three bacteria Streptococcus iniae (S. iniae), Lactococcus garvieae (L. garvieae) and Yersinia ruckeri (Y. ruckeri) separately. A significant difference was observed in the weight gained (WG) in the immunized groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The relative survival percentage (RPS) after 14 days of challenge with S. iniae, L. garvieae and Y. ruckeri in the injection group compared to the control group increased respectively (60%, 60% and 70%), (P < 0.05). Also, RPS in the immersion group had an increase respectively (30%, 40% and 50%) after the challenge with S. iniae, L.garvieae and Y. ruckeri compared to the control group. Immune indicators such as antibody titer, complement and lysozyme activity significantly increased in comparison to the control group (P < 0.05). In general, it can be concluded that applying three vaccines by injection and immersion method has significant effects on immune protection and survival rate. However, the injection method is more effective and more suitable than the immersion method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Erfanmanesh
- Animal Biological Product Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Beikzadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Khanzadeh
- Animal Biological Product Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran Organization, Tehran, Iran.
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
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Ziab M, Chaganti SR, Heath DD. The effects of host quantitative genetic architecture on the gut microbiota composition of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Heredity (Edinb) 2023; 131:43-55. [PMID: 37179383 PMCID: PMC10313681 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-023-00620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota consists of microbes living in or on an organism and has been implicated in host health and function. Environmental and host-related factors were shown to shape host microbiota composition and diversity in many fish species, but the role of host quantitative architecture across populations and among families within a population is not fully characterized. Here, Chinook salmon were used to determine if inter-population differences and additive genetic variation within populations influenced the gut microbiota diversity and composition. Specifically, hybrid stocks of Chinook salmon were created by crossing males from eight populations with eggs from an inbred line created from self-fertilized hermaphrodite salmon. Based on high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, significant gut microbial community diversity and composition differences were found among the hybrid stocks. Furthermore, additive genetic variance components varied among hybrid stocks, indicative of population-specific heritability patterns, suggesting the potential to select for specific gut microbiota composition for aquaculture purposes. Determining the role of host genetics in shaping their gut microbiota has important implications for predicting population responses to environmental changes and will thus impact conservation efforts for declining populations of Chinook salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak Ziab
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research (GLIER), University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Subba Rao Chaganti
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Daniel D Heath
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research (GLIER), University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada.
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada.
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Meng X, Chen F, Xiong M, Hao H, Wang KJ. A new pathogenic isolate of Kocuria kristinae identified for the first time in the marine fish Larimichthys crocea. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1129568. [PMID: 37180261 PMCID: PMC10167289 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1129568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, new emerging pathogenic microorganisms have frequently appeared in animals, including marine fish, possibly due to climate change, anthropogenic activities, and even cross-species transmission of pathogenic microorganisms among animals or between animals and humans, which poses a serious issue for preventive medicine. In this study, a bacterium was clearly characterized among 64 isolates from the gills of diseased large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea that were raised in marine aquaculture. This strain was identified as K. kristinae by biochemical tests with a VITEK 2.0 analysis system and 16S rRNA sequencing and named K. kristinae_LC. The potential genes that might encode virulence-factors were widely screened through sequence analysis of the whole genome of K. kristinae_LC. Many genes involved in the two-component system and drug-resistance were also annotated. In addition, 104 unique genes in K. kristinae_LC were identified by pan genome analysis with the genomes of this strain from five different origins (woodpecker, medical resource, environment, and marine sponge reef) and the analysis results demonstrated that their predicted functions might be associated with adaptation to living conditions such as higher salinity, complex marine biomes, and low temperature. A significant difference in genomic organization was found among the K. kristinae strains that might be related to their hosts living in different environments. The animal regression test for this new bacterial isolate was carried out using L. crocea, and the results showed that this bacterium could cause the death of L. crocea and that the fish mortality was dose-dependent within 5 days post infection, indicating the pathogenicity of K. kristinae_LC to marine fish. Since K. kristinae has been reported as a pathogen for humans and bovines, in our study, we revealed a new isolate of K. kristinae_LC from marine fish for the first time, suggesting the potentiality of cross-species transmission among animals or from marine animals to humans, from which we would gain insight to help in future public prevention strategies for new emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Fangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Innovation Research Institute for Marine Biological Antimicrobial Peptide Industrial Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ming Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Innovation Research Institute for Marine Biological Antimicrobial Peptide Industrial Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hua Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Innovation Research Institute for Marine Biological Antimicrobial Peptide Industrial Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ke-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Innovation Research Institute for Marine Biological Antimicrobial Peptide Industrial Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Inhibitory Effect of Select Nitrocompounds and Chlorate against Yersinia ruckeri and Yersinia aleksiciae In Vitro. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11111381. [DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is an important fish pathogen causing enteric redmouth disease. Antibiotics have traditionally been used to control this pathogen, but concerns of antibiotic resistance have created a need for alternative interventions. Presently, chlorate and certain nitrocompounds were tested against Y. ruckeri as well as a related species within the genus, Y. aleksiciae, to assess the effects of these inhibitors. The results reveal that 9 mM chlorate had no inhibitory effect against Y. ruckeri, but inhibited growth rates and maximum optical densities of Y. aleksciciae by 20–25% from those of untreated controls (0.46 h−1 and 0.29 maximum optical density, respectively). The results further reveal that 2-nitropropanol and 2-nitroethanol (9 mM) eliminated the growth of both Y. ruckeri and Y. aleksiciae during anaerobic or aerobic culture. Nitroethane, ethyl nitroacetate and ethyl-2-nitropropionate (9 mM) were less inhibitory when tested similarly. Results from a mixed culture of Y. ruckeri with fish tank microbes and of Y. aleksiciae with porcine fecal microbes reveal that the anti-Yersinia activity of the tested nitrocompounds was bactericidal, with 2-nitropropanol and 2-nitroethanol being more potent than the other tested nitrocompounds. The anti-Yersinia activity observed with these tested compounds warrants further study to elucidate the mechanisms of action and strategies for their practical application.
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Ortiz WE, Carlos-Shanley C, Huertas M. Impact of Sublethal Concentrations of Nitrite on Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Microbiomes. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02123-4. [PMID: 36282286 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of nitrite are toxic to fish and can cause a myriad of well documented issues. However, the effects of sublethal concentrations of nitrite on fish health, and specifically, fish tissue microbiomes have not been studied. To test the effects of nitrite exposure, goldfish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of nitrite, 0.0 mM, 0.1 mM, and 1.0 mM, for 2 months. The bacteria in the nose, skin, gills, and water were then extracted and sequenced to identify changes to the microbial composition. The water microbiome was not significantly changed by the added nitrite; however, each of the tissue microbiomes was changed by at least one of the treatments. The skin and gill microbiomes were significantly different between the control and 1.0 mM treatment and the nose microbiome showed significant changes between the control and both the 0.1 mM and 1.0 mM treatments. Thus, sublethal concentrations of nitrite in the environment caused a shift in the fish tissue microbiomes independently of the water microbiome. These changes could lead to an increased chance of infection, disrupt organ systems, and raise the mortality rate of fish. In systems with high nitrite concentrations, like intensive aquaculture setups or polluted areas, the effects of nitrite on the microbiomes could negatively affect fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney E Ortiz
- Biology Department, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA.
| | | | - Mar Huertas
- Biology Department, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA.
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12
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Fuentes DE, Acuña LG, Calderón IL. Stress response and virulence factors in bacterial pathogens relevant for Chilean aquaculture: current status and outlook of our knowledge. Biol Res 2022; 55:21. [PMID: 35642071 PMCID: PMC9153119 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the stress responses in bacteria has given us a wealth of information regarding the mechanisms employed by these bacteria in aggressive or even non-optimal living conditions. This information has been applied by several researchers to identify molecular targets related to pathogeny, virulence, and survival, among others, and to design new prophylactic or therapeutic strategies against them. In this study, our knowledge of these mechanisms has been summarized with emphasis on some aquatic pathogenic bacteria of relevance to the health and productive aspects of Chilean salmon farming (Piscirickettsia salmonis, Tenacibaculum spp., Renibacterium salmoninarum, and Yersinia ruckeri). This study will aid further investigations aimed at shedding more light on possible lines of action for these pathogens in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derie E Fuentes
- Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems, Center For Systems Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Chile Research, Santiago, Chile. .,Environmental Sustainability, Center for Systems Biotechnology (CSB-UNAB), Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Lillian G Acuña
- Laboratorio de RNAs Bacterianos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Santiago, Chile
| | - Iván L Calderón
- Laboratorio de RNAs Bacterianos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Ziarati M, Zorriehzahra MJ, Hassantabar F, Mehrabi Z, Dhawan M, Sharun K, Emran TB, Dhama K, Chaicumpa W, Shamsi S. Zoonotic diseases of fish and their prevention and control. Vet Q 2022; 42:95-118. [PMID: 35635057 PMCID: PMC9397527 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2022.2080298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish and aquatic-derived zoonotic diseases have caused considerable problems in the aquaculture industry and fishery worldwide. In particular, zoonotic diseases can pose widespread threats to humans. With the world’s growing population and potential global trade of aquaculture and fish, the risk of environmental contamination and development of fish and aquatic-derived zoonoses in humans are increasing. The important causes of zoonoses include bacteria, parasites, viruses, and fungi. The zoonotic bacterial agents are divided into two main groups: Gram-positive (Mycobacteriaceae, Streptococcaceae, Erysipelothricaceae families) and Gram-negative (Aeromonadaceae, Vibrionaceae, Pseudomondaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Hafniaceae families). The premier parasitic agents include cestodes (tapeworm; e.g. Diphyllobothrium spp.), trematodes (fluke; e.g. Opisthorchis spp.), and nematodes (round worm; e.g. Anisakis spp.). In addition, protozoan organisms such as Cryptosporidium spp. are also considered fish-derived zoonotic pathogens. Two groups of fish-associated fungi causing basidiobolomycosis and sporotrichosis also pose a zoonotic risk for humans. The majority of the fish-derived zoonotic diseases are transmitted to humans mainly via the consumption of improperly cooked or raw fish or fish products. Therefore, the incidence of zoonotic diseases can be reduced by properly processing fish and fish products, e.g. by thermal (heat/freezing) treatment. The prevalence of zoonotic agents in fishes varies seasonally and should be regularly monitored to evaluate the prevalence of pathogens in both wild and cultured fish populations. This review focuses on the fish zoonotic agents/diseases and their control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Ziarati
- Department of Microbiology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalil Zorriehzahra
- Department of Scientific Information and Communication, Iranian Fisheries Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hassantabar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University Sari, I.R. Iran
| | | | - Manish Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
- The Trafford Group of Colleges, Manchester WA14 5PQ, United Kingdom
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Shokoofeh Shamsi
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
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14
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Xiao Y, Zou H, Li J, Song T, Lv W, Wang W, Wang Z, Tao S. Impact of quorum sensing signaling molecules in gram-negative bacteria on host cells: current understanding and future perspectives. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2039048. [PMID: 35188058 PMCID: PMC8865250 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2039048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing is a molecular signaling-based communication mechanism in prokaryotes. In the basic mode, signaling molecules released by certain bacteria are sensed by intracellular receptors or membrane-bound receptors of other members in the community, leading to the collective isogenic signaling molecule synthesis and synchronized activities. This regulation is important for the symbiosis of the bacterium with the host, as well as virulence and biofilm formation. Notably, quorum sensing signaling molecules are not only able to control microbial community behavior but can likewise regulate the physiological status of host cells. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the importance of quorum sensing signaling molecules in gram-negative bacteria in regulating host cell function and gut health, and suggest possible opportunities for application in combating human and animal diseases by blocking the pathways through which quorum sensing signaling molecules exert their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products and Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huicong Zou
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongxing Song
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wentao Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products and Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products and Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Tao
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,CONTACT Shiyu TaoCollege of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070China
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15
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Adaptation Potential of Three Psychrotolerant Aquatic Bacteria in the Pan-Okhotsk Region. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14071107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Pan-Okhotsk region, which is part of the western North Pacific Ocean, is famous for its active volcanoes, which are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire and that enrich the surrounding waters with essential chemicals. Therefore, this region, including the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan, is characterized by rich biota. Bacterioplankton plays a significant part in biological communities and is an indicator of ecosystem function. Analyzing the adaptability of three representatives of the microbiota of the Pan-Okhotsk region was the goal of our investigation. Marinomonas primoryensis KMM3633T (MP), Yersinia ruckeri KMM821 (YR), and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 598 (YP) from the G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry were studied by means of genomic and bioinformatic methods. The list of membrane translocator proteins, metabolism pathways, and cold shock and antifreeze proteins that were revealed in the genome of MP characterized this bacterium as being adaptable to free living in marine conditions, even at winter temperatures. The genomic potential of YR and YP makes not only survival in the environment of the Pan-Okhotsk region but also pathogenesis in eukaryotic organisms possible. The data obtained will serve as a basis for further ecosystem monitoring with the help of microbiota research.
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16
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Darvishi M, Shamsaie Mehrgan M, Khajehrahimi AE. Effect of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Extract as an Immunostimulant on Serum and Skin Mucus Immune Parameters, Transcriptomic Responses of Immune-Related Gene, and Disease Resistance Against Yersinia ruckeri in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:811684. [PMID: 35280148 PMCID: PMC8904569 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.811684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to appraise the effect of licorice herbal supplement on the immune status of rainbow trout fingerlings. Accordingly, five diets were formulated with different levels of licorice extract (LE) including 0 (control), 0.5 g kg−1 (LE0.5), 1 g kg−1 (LE1), 2 g kg−1 (LE2), and 3 g kg−1 (LE3). The fingerlings (10.0 ± 0.1 g initial mean weight) received the diets in triplicates (30 fish in each replicate) for 56 days. The results showed that the white blood cells and their differential number (lymphocytes and monocytes) were remarkably increased by LE2 supplementation (P < 0.05). The oral administration of LE2 significantly increased the levels of serum immunoglobulin (Ig), lysozyme activity, and complement components (C3 and C4) compared with others. Meanwhile, the serum bactericidal activity against Yersinia ruckeri in LE2 and LE3 treatments was significantly higher than others except for LE1 (P < 0.05). In addition, serum alternative complement activity significantly improved in all treated groups except LE0.5 compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In terms of skin mucosal immunity, the fish fed with LE2 and LE3 diets exhibited notably higher lysozyme activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and Ig value than other groups (P < 0.05). The highest skin mucus bactericidal activity against Y. ruckeri was obtained in LE2 treatment (P < 0.05). In addition, dietary LE2 significantly increased the relative expression of immune-associated genes including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-8, and IgM and the former treatments showed higher values than the control group. The cumulative mortality of fish against Y. ruckeri infection was notably reduced from 53.6% in the control group to 29.0% in LE3 treatment. Overall, the dietary administration of LE at 2 g kg−1 had the best effects on immunocompetence in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Darvishi
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan ; orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-853X
| | - Amir Eghbal Khajehrahimi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Mekasha S, Linke D. Secretion Systems in Gram-Negative Bacterial Fish Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:782673. [PMID: 34975803 PMCID: PMC8714846 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.782673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial fish pathogens are one of the key challenges in the aquaculture industry, one of the fast-growing industries worldwide. These pathogens rely on arsenal of virulence factors such as toxins, adhesins, effectors and enzymes to promote colonization and infection. Translocation of virulence factors across the membrane to either the extracellular environment or directly into the host cells is performed by single or multiple dedicated secretion systems. These secretion systems are often key to the infection process. They can range from simple single-protein systems to complex injection needles made from dozens of subunits. Here, we review the different types of secretion systems in Gram-negative bacterial fish pathogens and describe their putative roles in pathogenicity. We find that the available information is fragmented and often descriptive, and hope that our overview will help researchers to more systematically learn from the similarities and differences between the virulence factors and secretion systems of the fish-pathogenic species described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophanit Mekasha
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dirk Linke
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Rahmatelahi H, El-Matbouli M, Menanteau-Ledouble S. Delivering the pain: an overview of the type III secretion system with special consideration for aquatic pathogens. Vet Res 2021; 52:146. [PMID: 34924019 PMCID: PMC8684695 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-01015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria are known to subvert eukaryotic cell physiological mechanisms using a wide array of virulence factors, among which the type three-secretion system (T3SS) is often one of the most important. The T3SS constitutes a needle-like apparatus that the bacterium uses to inject a diverse set of effector proteins directly into the cytoplasm of the host cells where they can hamper the host cellular machinery for a variety of purposes. While the structure of the T3SS is somewhat conserved and well described, effector proteins are much more diverse and specific for each pathogen. The T3SS can remodel the cytoskeleton integrity to promote intracellular invasion, as well as silence specific eukaryotic cell signals, notably to hinder or elude the immune response and cause apoptosis. This is also the case in aquatic bacterial pathogens where the T3SS can often play a central role in the establishment of disease, although it remains understudied in several species of important fish pathogens, notably in Yersinia ruckeri. In the present review, we summarise what is known of the T3SS, with a special focus on aquatic pathogens and suggest some possible avenues for research including the potential to target the T3SS for the development of new anti-virulence drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Rahmatelahi
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Menanteau-Ledouble
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
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19
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Abdel-Glil MY, Fischer U, Steinhagen D, McCarthy U, Neubauer H, Sprague LD. Phylogenetic Relatedness and Genome Structure of Yersinia ruckeri Revealed by Whole Genome Sequencing and a Comparative Analysis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:782415. [PMID: 34867924 PMCID: PMC8640586 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.782415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM), a serious infection that affects global aquaculture with high economic impact. The present study used whole genome sequences to perform a comparative analysis on 10 Y. ruckeri strains and to explore their genetic relatedness to other members of the genus. Y. ruckeri, Yersinia entomophaga, and Yersinia nurmii formed a species complex that constitutes the most basal lineage of the genus. The results showed that the taxonomy of Y. ruckeri strains is better defined by using a core genome alignment and phylogenetic analysis. The distribution of accessory genes in all Yersinia species revealed the presence of 303 distinctive genes in Y. ruckeri. Of these, 169 genes were distributed in 17 genomic islands potentially involved in the pathogenesis of ERM via (1) encoding virulence factors such as Afp18, Yrp1, phage proteins and (2) improving the metabolic capabilities by enhancing utilization and metabolism of iron, amino acids (specifically, arginine and histidine), and carbohydrates. The genome of Y. ruckeri is highly conserved regarding gene structure, gene layout and functional categorization of genes. It contains various components of mobile genetic elements but lacks the CRISPR-Cas system and possesses a stable set of virulence genes possibly playing a critical role in pathogenicity. Distinct virulence plasmids were exclusively restricted to a specific clonal group of Y. ruckeri (CG4), possibly indicating a selective advantage. Phylogenetic analysis of Y. ruckeri genomes revealed the co-presence of multiple genetically distant lineages of Y. ruckeri strains circulating in Germany. Our results also suggest a possible dissemination of a specific group of strains in the United States, Peru, Germany, and Denmark. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the taxonomy and evolution of Y. ruckeri and contributes to a better understanding of the pathogenicity of ERM in aquaculture. The genomic analysis presented here offers a framework for the development of more efficient control strategies for this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Y Abdel-Glil
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Jena, Germany
| | - Uwe Fischer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Infectiology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Una McCarthy
- Marine Laboratory, Marine Scotland, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa D Sprague
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Jena, Germany
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20
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Detection of Yersinia ruckeri in Pacific Lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington, USA. J Wildl Dis 2021; 57:715-717. [PMID: 33984140 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-20-00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) are important anadromous fish throughout their range in western North America. As conservation programs for lamprey expand, disease surveillance is becoming more prevalent. During routine surveillance, Yersinia ruckeri biotype II was isolated from Pacific lamprey. This is the first documented Y. ruckeri detection in Pacific lamprey.
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21
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The RNA Chaperone Hfq Participates in Persistence to Multiple Antibiotics in the Fish Pathogen Yersinia ruckeri. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071404. [PMID: 34209738 PMCID: PMC8308036 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri causes outbreaks of enteric redmouth disease in salmon aquaculture all over the world. The transient antibiotic tolerance exhibited by bacterial persisters is commonly thought to be responsible for outbreaks; however, the molecular factors underlying this behavior have not been explored in Y. ruckeri. In this study, we investigated the participation of the RNA chaperone Hfq from Y. ruckeri in antibiotic persistence. Cultures of the hfq-knockout mutant (Δhfq) exhibited faster replication, increased ATP levels and a more reductive environment than the wild type. The growth curves of bacteria exposed to sublethal concentrations of ampicillin, oxolinic acid, ciprofloxacin and polymyxin B revealed a greater susceptibility for the Δhfq strain. The time-kill curves of bacteria treated with the antibiotics mentioned above and florfenicol, using inoculums from exponential, stationary and biofilm cultures, demonstrated that the Δhfq strain has significant defects in persister cells production. To shed more light on the role of Hfq in antibiotic persistence, we analyzed its dependence on the (p)ppGpp synthetase RelA by determining the persister cells production in the absence of the relA gene. The ΔrelA and ΔrelAΔhfq strains displayed similar defects in persister cells formation, but higher than Δhfq strain. Similarly, stationary cultures of the ΔrelA and ΔrelAΔhfq strains exhibited comparable levels of ATP but higher than that of the Δhfq strain, indicating that relA is epistatic over hfq. Taken together, our findings provide valuable information on antibiotic persistence in Y. ruckeri, shedding light on the participation of Hfq in the persistence phenomenon.
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22
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Sarkar P, Issac PK, Raju SV, Elumalai P, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. Pathogenic bacterial toxins and virulence influences in cultivable fish. AQUACULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 52:2361-2376. [DOI: 10.1111/are.15089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Purabi Sarkar
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Praveen Kumar Issac
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Stefi V. Raju
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Preetham Elumalai
- Department of Fish Processing Technology Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) Kochi India
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I‐AQUAS) Universiti Putra Malaysia Negeri Sembilan Malaysia
- Department of Aquaculture Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia Selangor Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
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23
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Wang D, Sun S, Li S, Lu T, Shi D. Transcriptome profiling of immune response to Yersinia ruckeri in spleen of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). BMC Genomics 2021; 22:292. [PMID: 33882827 PMCID: PMC8061174 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yersinia ruckeri is a pathogen that can cause enteric redmouth disease in salmonid species, damaging global production of economically important fish including rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Herein, we conducted the transcriptomic profiling of spleen samples from rainbow trout at 24 h post-Y. ruckeri infection via RNA-seq in an effort to more fully understand their immunological responses. RESULTS We identified 2498 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 2083 and 415 were up- and down-regulated, respectively. We then conducted a more in-depth assessment of 78 DEGs associated with the immune system including CCR9, CXCL11, IL-1β, CARD9, IFN, TNF, CASP8, NF-κB, NOD1, TLR8α2, HSP90, and MAPK11, revealing these genes to be associated with 20 different immunological KEGG pathways including the Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Toll-like receptor signaling, RIG-I-like receptor signaling, NOD-like receptor signaling, and MAPK signaling pathways. Additionally, the differential expression of 8 of these DEGs was validated by a qRT-PCR approach and their immunological importance was then discussed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide preliminary insight on molecular mechanism underlying the immune responses of rainbow trout following Y. ruckeri infection and the base for future studies of host-pathogen interactions in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 150070, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, 150070, Harbin, China
| | - Simeng Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, China
| | - Shaowu Li
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 150070, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, 150070, Harbin, China
| | - Tongyan Lu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 150070, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, 150070, Harbin, China
| | - Dongfang Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, China.
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24
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Maglangit F, Yu Y, Deng H. Bacterial pathogens: threat or treat (a review on bioactive natural products from bacterial pathogens). Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:782-821. [PMID: 33119013 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00061b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to the second quarter of 2020 Threat or treat? While pathogenic bacteria pose significant threats, they also represent a huge reservoir of potential pharmaceuticals to treat various diseases. The alarming antimicrobial resistance crisis and the dwindling clinical pipeline urgently call for the discovery and development of new antibiotics. Pathogenic bacteria have an enormous potential for natural products drug discovery, yet they remained untapped and understudied. Herein, we review the specialised metabolites isolated from entomopathogenic, phytopathogenic, and human pathogenic bacteria with antibacterial and antifungal activities, highlighting those currently in pre-clinical trials or with potential for drug development. Selected unusual biosynthetic pathways, the key roles they play (where known) in various ecological niches are described. We also provide an overview of the mode of action (molecular target), activity, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) towards bacteria and fungi. The exploitation of pathogenic bacteria as a rich source of antimicrobials, combined with the recent advances in genomics and natural products research methodology, could pave the way for a new golden age of antibiotic discovery. This review should serve as a compendium to communities of medicinal chemists, organic chemists, natural product chemists, biochemists, clinical researchers, and many others interested in the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleurdeliz Maglangit
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, College of Science, University of the Philippines Cebu, Lahug, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines. and Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK.
| | - Yi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE), Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Hai Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK.
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25
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Acuña LG, Barros MJ, Montt F, Peñaloza D, Núñez P, Valdés I, Gil F, Fuentes JA, Calderón IL. Participation of two sRNA RyhB homologs from the fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri in bacterial physiology. Microbiol Res 2020; 242:126629. [PMID: 33153884 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression and physiology in bacteria. RyhB is an iron-responsive sRNA well characterized in Escherichia coli and conserved in other Enterobacteriaceae. In this study, we identified and characterized two RyhB homologs (named RyhB-1 and RyhB-2) in the fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri. We found that, as in other Enterobacteriaceae, both RyhB-1 and RyhB-2 are induced under iron starvation, repressed by the Fur regulator, and depend on Hfq for stability. Despite these similarities in expression, the mutant strains of Y. ruckeri lacking RyhB-1 (ΔryhB-1) or RyhB-2 (ΔryhB-2) exhibited differential phenotypes. In comparison with the wild type, the ΔryhB-1 strain showed a hypermotile phenotype, reduced biofilm formation, increased replication rate, faster growth, and increased ATP levels in bacterial cultures. By contrast, in salmon cell cultures, the ΔryhB-1 strain exhibited an increased survival. On the other hand, the ΔryhB-2 strain was non-motile and showed augmented biofilm formation as compared to the wild type. The expression of a subset of RyhB conserved targets, selected from different bacterial species, was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR in wild type, ΔryhB-1, ΔryhB-2, and ΔryhB-1 ΔryhB-2 strains cultured in iron-depleted media. RyhB-1 negatively affected the expression of most analyzed genes (sodB, acnA, sdhC, bfr, fliF, among others), whose functions are related to metabolism and motility, involving iron-containing proteins. Among the genes analyzed, only sdhC and bfr appeared as targets for RyhB-2. Taken together, these results indicate that Y. ruckeri RyhB homologs participate in the modulation of the bacterial physiology with non-redundant roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian G Acuña
- Laboratorio de RNAs Bacterianos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
| | - M José Barros
- Laboratorio de RNAs Bacterianos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Fernanda Montt
- Laboratorio de RNAs Bacterianos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Diego Peñaloza
- Laboratorio de RNAs Bacterianos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Paula Núñez
- Laboratorio de RNAs Bacterianos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Iván Valdés
- Desarrollo de Biológicos, Veterquímica S.A., Santiago, Chile.
| | - Fernando Gil
- Microbiota-Host Interactions and Clostridia Research Group, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan A Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Iván L Calderón
- Laboratorio de RNAs Bacterianos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
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Menanteau-Ledouble S, Nöbauer K, Razzazi-Fazeli E, El-Matbouli M. Effects of Yersinia ruckeri invasion on the proteome of the Chinook salmon cell line CHSE-214. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11840. [PMID: 32678312 PMCID: PMC7366648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is an important bacterial pathogen of fish, in particular salmonids, it has been associated with systemic infections worldwide and, like many enteric bacteria, it is a facultative intracellular pathogen. However, the effect of Y. ruckeri's interactions with the host at the cellular level have received little investigation. In the present study, a culture of Chinook Salmon Embryo (CHSE) cell line was exposed to Y. ruckeri. Afterwards, the proteins were investigated and identified by mass spectrometry and compared to the content of unexposed cultures. The results of this comparison showed that 4.7% of the identified proteins were found at significantly altered concentrations following infection. Interestingly, infection with Y. ruckeri was associated with significant changes in the concentration of surface adhesion proteins, including a significantly decreased presence of β-integrins. These surface adhesion molecules are known to be the target for several adhesion molecules of Yersiniaceae. The concentration of several anti-apoptotic regulators (HSP90 and two DNAj molecules) appeared similarly downregulated. Taken together, these findings suggest that Y. ruckeri affects the proteome of infected cells in a notable manner and our results shed some light on the interaction between this important bacterial pathogen and its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Menanteau-Ledouble
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Katharina Nöbauer
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
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Wrobel A, Saragliadis A, Pérez-Ortega J, Sittman C, Göttig S, Liskiewicz K, Spence MH, Schneider K, Leo JC, Arenas J, Linke D. The inverse autotransporters of Yersinia ruckeri, YrInv and YrIlm, contribute to biofilm formation and virulence. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2939-2955. [PMID: 32372498 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri causes enteric redmouth disease (ERM) that mainly affects salmonid fishes and leads to significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry. An increasing number of outbreaks and the lack of effective vaccines against some serotypes necessitates novel measures to control ERM. Importantly, Y. ruckeri survives in the environment for long periods, presumably by forming biofilms. How the pathogen forms biofilms and which molecular factors are involved in this process, remains unclear. Yersinia ruckeri produces two surface-exposed adhesins, belonging to the inverse autotransporters (IATs), called Y. ruckeri invasin (YrInv) and Y. ruckeri invasin-like molecule (YrIlm). Here, we investigated whether YrInv and YrIlm play a role in biofilm formation and virulence. Functional assays revealed that YrInv and YrIlm promote biofilm formation on different abiotic substrates. Confocal microscopy revealed that they are involved in microcolony interaction and formation, respectively. The effect of both IATs on biofilm formation correlated with the presence of different biopolymers in the biofilm matrix, including extracellular DNA, RNA and proteins. Moreover, YrInv and YrIlm contributed to virulence in the Galleria mellonella infection model. Taken together, we propose that both IATs are possible targets for the development of novel diagnostic and preventative strategies to control ERM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wrobel
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jesús Pérez-Ortega
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carolin Sittman
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Hospital of Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephan Göttig
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Hospital of Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Jack C Leo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Jesús Arenas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Unit of Microbiology of the Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Dirk Linke
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
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Menanteau-Ledouble S, Schachner O, Lawrence ML, El-Matbouli M. Effects of siRNA silencing on the susceptibility of the fish cell line CHSE-214 to Yersinia ruckeri. Vet Res 2020; 51:45. [PMID: 32197655 PMCID: PMC7083013 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00760-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is a facultative intracellular enterobacterium mostly known as the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease in salmonid fish. In the present study, we applied RNA inhibition to silence twenty pre-selected genes on the genome of a fish cell line (CHSE-214) followed by a gentamicin assay to quantify the effect of silencing on the cells’ susceptibility to infection and found that silencing of 18 out of 20 genes significantly reduced the number of Y. ruckeri recovered. These findings improve our understanding of the infection process by Y. ruckeri and of the interactions between this bacterial pathogen and host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oskar Schachner
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark L Lawrence
- Feed the Future Fish Innovation Lab for Fish, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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