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Jung KM, Yoo E, Han JY. An in vitro validation system for chicken bioreactors using immortalized chicken oviductal epithelial cells. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103723. [PMID: 38652946 PMCID: PMC11063497 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of chicken oviductal epithelial cells (OECs) as a bioreactor to produce therapeutic proteins has shown promise, but the time taken to obtain transgenic offspring impedes efficient validation of protein production. To overcome this barrier, we focused on the immortalization of chicken OECs (cOECs) using retroviral vector-mediated c-MYC oncogene expression to establish an in vitro pre-validation system for chicken bioreactors. The resulting immortalized cOECs exhibited sustained proliferation, maintained a normal diploid chicken karyotype, and expressed key oviduct-specific genes (OVA, OVM, LYZ, AVD, and ESR1). Notably, hormonal administration of diethylstilbestrol (DES) or progesterone (P4) upregulated oviduct-specific genes in these cells. To enhance the utility of these immortalized cOECs as an in vitro validation system for chicken bioreactors, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology was employed to knock-in (KI) an enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) gene at the ovalbumin (OVA) locus. The resulting OVA EGFP KI immortalized cOECs secreted both EGFP and OVA proteins into the culture medium, with secretion enhanced under DES treatment. This successful integration of an exogenous gene into cOECs enhances their potential as a versatile in vitro validation system for chicken bioreactors. The established immortalized cOECs overcome previous challenges associated with long-term culture and maintenance, providing a reliable platform for efficient protein production validation. This study presents a comprehensive characterization of the immortalized cOECs, addressing critical limitations associated with in vivo systems and laying a foundation for the development of a streamlined and effective chicken bioreactor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Min Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Eunhui Yoo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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2
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Ichikawa K, McGrew MJ. Innovations in poultry reproduction using cryopreserved avian germ cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14591. [PMID: 38798199 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Meat and eggs from chicken are the major source of animal protein for the human population. The cryopreservation of poultry species is needed to guarantee sustainable production. Here, we describe the existing cryopreservation technologies for avian reproductive cells using embryonic germ cells, spermatozoa and ovarian tissues. We outline strategies to reconstitute chicken breeds from their cryopreserved embryonic germ cells using surrogate hosts and discuss the perspectives for genetic conservation and reconstitution of chicken and wild avian species using surrogate host animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennosuke Ichikawa
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Mike J McGrew
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
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3
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Knowles C, Petrie L, Warren C, Lillico SG, Carlisle A, Whitelaw CBA, Kolb AF. Site specific insertion of a transgene into the murine α-casein (CSN1S1) gene results in the predictable expression of a recombinant protein in milk. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300287. [PMID: 38047759 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Gene loci of highly expressed genes provide ideal sites for transgene expression. Casein genes are highly expressed in mammals leading to the synthesis of substantial amounts of casein proteins in milk. The α-casein (CSN1S1) gene has assessed as a site of transgene expression in transgenic mice and a mammary gland cell line. A transgene encoding an antibody light chain gene (A1L) was inserted into the α-casein gene using sequential homologous and site-specific recombination. Expression of the inserted transgene is directed by the α-casein promoter, is responsive to lactogenic hormone activation, leads to the synthesis of a chimeric α-casein/A1L transgene mRNA, and secretion of the recombinant A1L protein into milk. Transgene expression is highly consistent in all transgenic lines, but lower than that of the α-casein gene (4%). Recombinant A1L protein accounted for 0.5% and 1.6% of total milk protein in heterozygous and homozygous transgenic mice, respectively. The absence of the α-casein protein in homozygous A1L transgenic mice leads to a reduction of total milk protein and delayed growth of the pups nursed by these mice. Overall, the data demonstrate that the insertion of a transgene into a highly expressed endogenous gene is insufficient to guarantee its abundant expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Knowles
- Nutrition, Obesity and Disease Research Theme, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Linda Petrie
- Nutrition, Obesity and Disease Research Theme, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Claire Warren
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Ailsa Carlisle
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Andreas F Kolb
- Nutrition, Obesity and Disease Research Theme, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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4
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Mukae T, Yoshii K, Oishi I. Application of Recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies from Transgenic Chicken Bioreactors in Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:1532-1541. [PMID: 39313389 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b24-00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Transgenic chicken bioreactors can efficiently produce egg whites containing large quantities of recombinant proteins. We previously developed transgenic chickens that produce recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). However, the practical applications of mAbs derived from transgenic eggs have not yet been examined. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether these recombinant mAbs can be used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Recombinant HER2 mAbs from transgenic eggs were dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline and applied directly to 96-well microplates as immobilized antibodies without purification. The performance of ELISA using the unpurified recombinant HER2 mAbs from transgenic eggs was comparable to that of ELISA using commercially available purified recombinant HER2 mAbs. Moreover, ELISA using unpurified recombinant HER2 mAbs from transgenic eggs demonstrated high antigen specificity and was successfully applied to samples from cultured cell lysates derived from HER2-positive and HER2-negative cell lines. The unpurified recombinant HER2 mAbs from transgenic eggs were also efficiently used as immobilized antibodies in paper-based ELISA. In conclusion, our findings suggest that recombinant mAbs from transgenic eggs have the potential to be used to develop economic ELISA devices. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to use recombinant HER2 mAbs from transgenic eggs in ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Mukae
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | - Kyoko Yoshii
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | - Isao Oishi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
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5
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Kajihara R, Ezaki R, Watanabe T, Ichikawa K, Matsuzaki M, Horiuchi H. Evaluation of expression systems for recombinant protein production in chicken egg bioreactors. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300316. [PMID: 37859508 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Chicken eggs have gained attention as excellent bioreactors because of their genetic modifications. However, the development of chicken egg bioreactors requires a long time from the construction of the production system to the evaluation of the products. Therefore, in this study, a chicken cell line producing ovalbumin (OVA) was established and constructed a system for the rapid evaluation of the production system. First, the EF1α promoter was knocked in upstream of the OVA locus in chicken DF-1 cells for continuous OVA expression. Furthermore, an ideal position at the OVA locus for the insertion of useful protein genes to maximize recombinant protein yield was analyzed and identified. The knocking in the EF1α promoter upstream of exon1 yielded the maximum production of OVA protein was achieved. In addition, Linking a recombinant hFGF2 cDNA to the 5' side of the OVA was found to increase production efficiency. Therefore, an OVA-expressing cell line and an evaluation system for proteins in chicken egg bioreactors was established. The findings may improve the efficiency of chicken expression systems and expand their applications in protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Kajihara
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryo Ezaki
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tenkai Watanabe
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kennosuke Ichikawa
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Genome Editing Innovation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mei Matsuzaki
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Horiuchi
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Genome Editing Innovation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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Watanabe T, Ochi Y, Kajihara R, Ichikawa K, Ezaki R, Matsuzaki M, Horiuchi H. Lipofection with Lipofectamine™ 2000 in a heparin-free growth medium results in high transfection efficiency in chicken primordial germ cells. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300328. [PMID: 37559489 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) that can differentiate into gametes are used to produce genome-edited chickens. However, the transfection efficiency into PGCs is low in chickens; therefore, the yield efficiency of PGCs modified via genome editing is problematic. In this study, we improved transfection efficiency and achieved highly efficient genome editing in chicken PGCs. For transfection, we used lipofection, which is convenient for gene transfer. Chicken PGC cultures require adding heparin to support growth; however, heparin significantly reduces lipofection efficiency (p < 0.01). Heparin-induced lipofection efficiency was restored by adding protamine. Based on these results, we optimized gene transfer into chicken PGCs. Lipofectamine 2000 and our PGC medium were the most efficient transfection reagent and medium, respectively. Finally, based on established conditions, we compared the gene knock-out efficiencies of ovomucoid, a major egg allergen, and gene knock-in efficiencies at the ACTB locus. These results indicate that optimized lipofection is useful for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-out and knock-in. Our findings may contribute to the generation of genome-edited chickens and stimulate research in various applications involving them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenkai Watanabe
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuta Ochi
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryota Kajihara
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kennosuke Ichikawa
- Genome Editing Innovation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ryo Ezaki
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mei Matsuzaki
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Horiuchi
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Genome Editing Innovation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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7
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Liu L, Wei J, Chen C, Liang Q, Wang B, Wu W, Li G, Zheng X. Electroporation-based Easi-CRISPR yields biallelic insertions of EGFP-HiBiT cassette in immortalized chicken oviduct epithelial cells. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103112. [PMID: 37806084 PMCID: PMC10568294 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Laying hens are an excellent experimental oviduct model for studying reproduction biology. Because chicken oviduct epithelial cells (cOECs) have a crucial role in synthesizing and secreting ovalbumin, laying hens have been regarded an ideal bioreactor for producing pharmaceuticals in egg white through transgene or gene editing of the ovalbumin (OVA) gene. However, related studies in cOECs are largely limited because of the lack of immortalized model cells. In addition, the editing efficiency of conventional CRISPR-HDR knock-in in chicken cells is suboptimal (ranging from 1 to 10%) and remains elevated. Here, primary cOECs were isolated from young laying hens, then infected with a retrovirus vector of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), and immortalized cOECs were established. Subsequently, an electroporation-based Easi-CRISPR (Efficient additions with ssDNA inserts-CRISPR) method was adopted to integrate an EGFP-HiBiT cassette into the chicken OVA locus (immediately upstream of the stop codon). The immortalized cOECs reflected the self-renewal capability and phenotype of oviduct epithelial cells. This is because these cells not only maintained stable proliferation and normal karyotype and had no potential for malignant transformation, but also expressed oviduct markers and an epithelial marker and had a morphology similar to that of primary cOECs. EGFP expression was detected in the edited cells through microscopy, flow cytometry, and HiBiT/Western blotting. The EGFP-HiBiT knock-in efficiency reached 27.9% after a single round of electroporation, which was determined through genotyping and DNA sequencing. Two single cell clones contained biallelic insertions of EGFP-HiBiT donor cassettes. In conclusion, our established immortalized cOECs could act as an in vitro cell model for gene editing in chicken, and this electroporation-based Easi-CRISPR strategy will contribute to the generation of avian bioreactors and other gene-edited (GE) birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingkang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jinyu Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qianxue Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Boyong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wende Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Gonghe Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xibang Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning 530004, China.
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8
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Loubser C, Nikitina NV. Protocol to establish an oviduct epithelial cell line derived from Gallus gallus using Percoll for in vitro validation of recombinant proteins. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102495. [PMID: 37542716 PMCID: PMC10432238 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro validation of therapeutic and recombinant proteins expressed from transgenic chickens is limited by the co-culture of fibroblasts. Here, we present a protocol for isolating pure epithelial cells derived from the magnum tubular glands of the chicken oviduct. We describe steps for preparing solutions and buffers, tissue collection, processing, dissociation, and Percoll density centrifugation to separate the epithelial cells from co-isolated fibroblasts. We then detail procedures for expressing a recombinant IgG antibody in the Percoll-derived epithelial cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiron Loubser
- University of the Witwatersrand, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2000, South Africa.
| | - Natalya V Nikitina
- University of the Witwatersrand, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2000, South Africa.
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9
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Park JS, Choi HJ, Jung KM, Lee KY, Shim JH, Park KJ, Kim YM, Han JY. Production of recombinant human IgG1 Fc with beneficial N-glycosylation pattern for anti-inflammatory activity using genome-edited chickens. Commun Biol 2023; 6:589. [PMID: 37264071 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04937-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a plasma-derived polyclonal IgG used for treatment of autoimmune diseases. Studies show that α-2,6 sialylation of the Fc improves anti-inflammatory activity. Also, afucosylation of the Fc efficiently blocks FcγRIIIA by increasing monovalent affinity to this receptor, which can be beneficial for treatment of refractory immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Here, we generated genome-edited chickens that synthesize human IgG1 Fc in the liver and secrete α-2,6 sialylated and low-fucosylated human IgG1 Fc (rhIgG1 Fc) into serum and egg yolk. Also, rhIgG1 Fc has higher affinity for FcγRIIIA than commercial IVIG. Thus, rhIgG1 Fc efficiently inhibits immune complex-mediated FcγRIIIA crosslinking and subsequent ADCC response. Furthermore, rhIgG1 Fc exerts anti-inflammatory activity in a passive ITP model, demonstrating chicken liver derived rhIgG1 Fc successfully recapitulated efficacy of IVIG. These results show that genome-edited chickens can be used as a production platform for rhIgG1 Fc with beneficial N-glycosylation pattern for anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Se Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Avinnogen Co., Ltd, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Youn Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Shim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Je Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Avinnogen Co., Ltd, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Roe K. Treatment alternatives for multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103596. [PMID: 37086779 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Several fungal pathogens are becoming resistant to conventional fungal infection treatments, and some fungal pathogens have become multidrug resistant. Alternative treatments include fungal vaccines, natural or synthetic monoclonal antibody (mAb) injections, or potentially natural or synthetic mAbs produced in vivo by packaged mRNA. Specifically synthesized proteins can mask distinctive pathogenic fungal surface proteins and target pathogenic fungal proteins to stop fungal infections. Treatments could use direct injections or injections of packaged mRNA with instructions for patient synthesis of either the natural or synthetic mAbs. These alternative treatments offer potentially significant advantages compared with existing treatments for fungal pathogens. Teaser: New fungal pathogen treatment approaches can use natural or synthetic monoclonal antibodies to activate immune cells and treat specific fungal infections that are now multidrug resistant to conventional antifungal drugs.
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Ezaki R, Sakuma T, Kodama D, Sasahara R, Shiraogawa T, Ichikawa K, Matsuzaki M, Handa A, Yamamoto T, Horiuchi H. Transcription activator-like effector nuclease-mediated deletion safely eliminates the major egg allergen ovomucoid in chickens. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113703. [PMID: 36889429 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Among the major egg allergens, ovomucoid (OVM) is very stable against heat and digestive enzymes, making it difficult to remove physiochemically and inactivate allergens. However, recent genome editing technology has made it possible to generate OVM-knockout chicken eggs. To use this OVM-knockout chicken egg as food, it is important to evaluate its safety as food. Therefore, in this study, we examined the presence or absence of mutant protein expression, vector sequence insertion, and off-target effects in chickens knocked out with OVM by platinum TALENs. The eggs laid by homozygous OVM-knockout hens showed no evident abnormalities, and immunoblotting showed that the albumen contained neither the mature OVM nor the OVM truncated variant. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) revealed that the potential TALEN-induced off-target effects in OVM-knockout chickens were localized in the intergenic and intron regions. The WGS information confirmed that plasmid vectors used for genome editing were only transiently present and did not integrate into the genome of edited chickens. These results indicate the importance of safety evaluation and reveal that the eggs laid by this OVM knockout chicken solve the allergy problem in food and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ezaki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan; Genome Editing Innovation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kodama
- R&D Division, Institute of Technology Solution, Kewpie Corporation, Sengawa Kewport, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryou Sasahara
- R&D Division, Institute of Technology Solution, Kewpie Corporation, Sengawa Kewport, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Shiraogawa
- R&D Division, Institute of Technology Solution, Kewpie Corporation, Sengawa Kewport, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kennosuke Ichikawa
- Genome Editing Innovation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mei Matsuzaki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Handa
- Division of Life Science, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan; Genome Editing Innovation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Horiuchi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan; Genome Editing Innovation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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Rasouli-Gharehsaghal K, Shakeri M, Zhandi M, Amini HR, Ghadimi F, Golkar-Narenji A, Mozdziak PE. Spermatogenesis regeneration by transfected spermatogonial stem cells in infertile roosters through testicular transplantation. Theriogenology 2023; 198:100-106. [PMID: 36571934 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Investigations pertaining to spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) have led to the use of these cells in a variety of fields including infertility treatments, production of transgenic animals, and genome editing. The aim of the present study was to investigate the plausibility of regenerating spermatogenesis in infertile roosters by transplanting transfected SSCs into testes. Spermatogonial stem cells were isolated and cultured for seven days. Afterward, pDB2, a plasmid vector carrying a reporter gene, GFP, was transfected into the SSCs. Transfected SSCs were transplanted into the left testis of infertile roosters. Tissue samples from the recipients' testes were obtained six weeks after the transplantation and transplanted SSCs were observed in the basement membrane. After eight weeks, GFP-positive spermatozoa were observed in collected semen from the recipient roosters and GFP gene in spermatozoa was confirmed using PCR. The recipient roosters were mated with hens. Hatchlings were visually checked and their tissue samples were tested by PCR to identify transgenesis but both of them were negative. Overall, it seems that regeneration of spermatogenesis in roosters via transfected SSCs is possible but more studies are need to produce recombinant proteins by this way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Rasouli-Gharehsaghal
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Malak Shakeri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahdi Zhandi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Hamid-Reza Amini
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran; Transgenesis Center of Excellence, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Biology, Nourdanesh Institute of Higher Education, Meymeh, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Ghadimi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Golkar-Narenji
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Paul Edward Mozdziak
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Physiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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13
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Ichikawa K, Horiuchi H. Fate Decisions of Chicken Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs): Development, Integrity, Sex Determination, and Self-Renewal Mechanisms. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030612. [PMID: 36980885 PMCID: PMC10048776 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are precursor cells of sperm and eggs. The fate decisions of chicken PGCs in terms of their development, integrity, and sex determination have unique features, thereby providing insights into evolutionary developmental biology. Additionally, fate decisions in the context of a self-renewal mechanism have been applied to establish culture protocols for chicken PGCs, enabling the production of genome-edited chickens and the conservation of genetic resources. Thus, studies on the fate decisions of chicken PGCs have significantly contributed to both academic and industrial development. Furthermore, studies on fate decisions have rapidly advanced owing to the recent development of essential research technologies, such as genome editing and RNA sequencing. Here, we reviewed the status of fate decisions of chicken PGCs and provided insight into other important research issues that require attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennosuke Ichikawa
- Genome Editing Innovation Center, Hiroshima University, 3-10-23 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046, Hiroshima, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Hiroyuki Horiuchi
- Genome Editing Innovation Center, Hiroshima University, 3-10-23 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046, Hiroshima, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Hiroshima, Japan
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14
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Kim YM, Park JS, Choi HJ, Jung KM, Lee KY, Shim JH, Park KJ, Han JY. Efficient production of recombinant human adiponectin in egg white using genome edited chickens. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1068558. [PMID: 36761986 PMCID: PMC9902655 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1068558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity-related metabolic diseases caused by insulin resistance is rapidly increasing worldwide. Adiponectin (ADPN), a hormone derived from adipose tissue, is a potential therapeutic agent for insulin resistance. Chickens are considered efficient bioreactors for recombinant protein production because they secrete large amounts of high-concentration proteins from the oviduct. Additionally, chickens express high levels of high-molecular-weight (HMW) ADPN, which is considered the active form in the body. Therefore, in this study, a gene-targeted chicken model was produced in which the gene encoding human ADPN was inserted into Ovalbumin (OVA) using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and the characteristics of the resulting recombinant ADPN protein were evaluated. As a result, human ADPN was expressed in G1 hen oviducts and egg whites of OVA ADPN knock-in (KI) chickens. The concentration of ADPN in egg white ranged from 1.47 to 4.59 mg/mL, of which HMW ADPN accounted for ∼29% (0.24-1.49 mg/mL). Importantly, egg white-derived ADPN promoted expression of genes related to fatty acid oxidation and activated the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway in muscle cells. In summary, the OVA gene-targeted chicken bioreactor proved to be an advantageous model for production of human ADPN, and the resulting protein was of sufficient quantity and efficacy for industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Avinnogen Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Se Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Avinnogen Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Youn Lee
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Institute of BioEngineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Shim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Je Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Jae Yong Han,
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15
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Kim YM, Shim JH, Park JS, Choi HJ, Jung KM, Lee KY, Park KJ, Han JY. Sequential verification of exogenous protein production in OVA gene-targeted chicken bioreactors. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102247. [PMID: 36335737 PMCID: PMC9640325 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The chicken has potential as an efficient bioreactor system because of its outstanding protein production capacity and low cost. The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene-editing system enables production of highly marketable exogenous proteins in transgenic chicken bioreactors. However, because it takes approximately 18 mo to evaluate the recombinant protein productivity of the bioreactor due to the generation interval from G0 founders to G1 egg-laying hens, to verification of the exogenous protein at the early stage is difficult. Here we propose a system for sequential validation of exogenous protein production in chicken bioreactors as in hatching female chicks as well as in egg-laying hens. We generated chicken OVALBUMIN (OVA) EGFP knock-in (KI) chicken (OVA EGFP KI) by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated nonhomologous end joining at the chicken OVA gene locus. Subsequently, the estrogen analog, diethylstilbestrol (DES), was subcutaneously implanted in the abdominal region of 1-wk-old OVA EGFP KI female chicks to artificially increase OVALBUMIN expression. The oviducts of DES-treated OVA EGFP KI female chicks expressed OVA and EGFP at the 3-wk-old stage (10 d after DES treatment). We evaluated the expression of EGFP protein in the oviduct, along with the physical properties of eggs and egg white from OVA EGFP KI hens. The rapid identification and isolation of exogenous protein can be confirmed at a very early stage and high-yield production is possible by targeting the chicken oviduct.
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16
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Lee JH. Special Issue: Poultry Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111744. [PMID: 34828350 PMCID: PMC8617757 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Heon Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
- Department of Bio-Big Data, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Department of Bio-AI Convergence, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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17
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Karachaliou CE, Vassilakopoulou V, Livaniou E. IgY technology: Methods for developing and evaluating avian immunoglobulins for the in vitro detection of biomolecules. World J Methodol 2021; 11:243-262. [PMID: 34631482 PMCID: PMC8472547 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v11.i5.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The term “IgY technology” was introduced in the literature in the mid 1990s to describe a procedure involving immunization of avian species, mainly laying hens and consequent isolation of the polyclonal IgYs from the “immune” egg yolk (thus avoiding bleeding and animal stress). IgYs have been applied to various fields of medicine and biotechnology. The present article will deal with specific aspects of IgY technology, focusing on the currently reported methods for developing, isolating, evaluating and storing polyclonal IgYs. Other topics such as current information on isolation protocols or evaluation of IgYs from different avian species are also discussed. Specific advantages of IgY technology (e.g., novel antibody specificities that may emerge via the avian immune system) will also be discussed. Recent in vitro applications of polyclonal egg yolk-derived IgYs to the field of disease diagnosis in human and veterinary medicine through in vitro immunodetection of target biomolecules will be presented. Moreover, ethical aspects associated with animal well-being as well as new promising approaches that are relevant to the original IgY technology (e.g., development of monoclonal IgYs and IgY-like antibodies through the phage display technique or in transgenic chickens) and future prospects in the area will also be mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula-Evangelia Karachaliou
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Vyronia Vassilakopoulou
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Evangelia Livaniou
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 15310, Greece
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18
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Jung KM, Kim YM, Kim JL, Han JY. Efficient gene transfer into zebra finch germline-competent stem cells using an adenoviral vector system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14746. [PMID: 34285320 PMCID: PMC8292312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebra finch is a representative animal model for studying the molecular basis of human disorders of vocal development and communication. Accordingly, various functional studies of zebra finch have knocked down or introduced foreign genes in vivo; however, their germline transmission efficiency is remarkably low. The primordial germ cell (PGC)-mediated method is preferred for avian transgenic studies; however, use of this method is restricted in zebra finch due to the lack of an efficient gene transfer method for the germline. To target primary germ cells that are difficult to transfect and manipulate, an adenovirus-mediated gene transfer system with high efficiency in a wide range of cell types may be useful. Here, we isolated and characterized two types of primary germline-competent stem cells, PGCs and spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), from embryonic and adult reproductive tissues of zebra finch and demonstrated that genes were most efficiently transferred into these cells using an adenovirus-mediated system. This system was successfully used to generate gene-edited PGCs in vitro. These results are expected to improve transgenic zebra finch production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Min Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jin Lee Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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19
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Targeted Knock-in of a Fluorescent Protein Gene into the Chicken Vasa Homologue Locus of Chicken Primordial Germ Cells using CRIS-PITCh Method. J Poult Sci 2021; 59:182-190. [PMID: 35528378 PMCID: PMC9039151 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0210067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In chickens, primordial germ cells (PGCs) are effective targets for advanced genome editing, including gene knock-in. Although a long-term culture system has been established for chicken PGCs, it is necessary to select a gene-editing tool that is efficient and precise for editing the PGC genome while maintaining its ability to contribute to the reproductive system. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) and CRISPR-mediated precise integration into the target chromosome (CRIS-PITCh) methods are superior as the donor vector is easier to construct, has high genome editing efficiency, and does not select target cells, compared to the homologous recombination method, which has been conventionally used to generate knock-in chickens. In this study, we engineered knock-in chicken PGCs by integrating a fluorescent protein gene cassette as a fusion protein into the chicken vasa homolog (CVH) locus of chicken PGCs using the CRIS-PITCh method. The knock-in PGCs expressed the fluorescent protein in vitro and in vivo, facilitating the tracking of PGCs. Furthermore, we characterized the efficiency of engineering double knock-in cell lines. Knock-in cell clones were obtained by limiting dilution, and the efficiency of engineering double knock-in cell lines was confirmed by genotyping. We found that 82% of the analyzed clones were successfully knocked-in into both alleles. We suggest that the production of model chicken from the knock-in PGCs can contribute to various studies, such as the elucidation of the fate of germ cells and sex determination in chicken.
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