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Aruna P, Patil SS, Muthu MS, Vettriselvi V, Arockiam S, Kirubakaran R, Sivakumar N. Association between polymorphisms of immune response genes and early childhood caries - systematic review, gene-based, gene cluster, and meta-analysis. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:124. [PMID: 37971556 PMCID: PMC10654314 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood caries is a significant public health concern affecting about 600 million children globally. The etiology of early childhood caries can be explained as an interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms are the most common variations in the human genome. Genetic variations of immune response genes can modify the defense response of the host, and alter the susceptibility to bacterial colonization of the oral cavity and early childhood caries. The aim of this systematic review is to identify genetic variants of immune response genes associated with early childhood caries. RESULTS A total of 7124 articles were identified by conducting an elaborate search across various electronic databases and genome-wide association studies databases. Subsequent to exclusion at various stages, fifteen articles qualified to be included into the present review. Risk of bias assessment was done with the Q-genie tool. Quantitative synthesis revealed that the odds ratio for TT and CC genotypes of rs11362 was 1.07 (0.67-1.71) and 1.16 (0.84-1.60), respectively. Gene-based analysis revealed a statistically significant association between variants of tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene and T-cell receptor alpha variable 4 locus with early childhood caries. Gene clustering showed the presence of three functional clusters. To comprehend the protein-protein interaction, the bioinformatic tool of "Search Tools for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes and Proteins" was used. Among the biological processes and the reactome pathways, complement activation through the lectin pathway showed the highest strength of association with early childhood caries. To understand the interaction and functionality of the genes, "gene function prediction using Multiple Association Network Integration Algorithm" was used, which revealed that the genes were linked by physical interaction (39.34%) and through co-expression (34.88%). CONCLUSIONS Genotype TT of rs7217186 of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase gene was a risk factor for early childhood caries. Multiple genetic variants of T-cell receptor alpha variable 4 locus and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene were associated with increased susceptibility to early childhood caries. Polymorphisms of genes regulating the lectin pathway of complement activation can modify the susceptibility to early childhood caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aruna
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry, India
| | - Sneha S Patil
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - M S Muthu
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - V Vettriselvi
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Selva Arockiam
- Department of Orthodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - R Kirubakaran
- South Asian Cochrane Network and Centre. Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - N Sivakumar
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, India
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Li Y, Zhang L, Cen W, Yuan Y. Association of KLK4 rs2235091 polymorphism with susceptibility to dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1236000. [PMID: 37711595 PMCID: PMC10498278 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1236000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the association between Kallikrein-related peptidase-4 (KLK4) rs2235091 polymorphism and susceptibility to dental caries (DC) by a method of systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods Four English databases were searched for studies on the correlation between KLK4 rs2235091 polymorphism and susceptibility to DC from inception to April 1, 2023. Data analysis was processed by Stata 15.0 software. Results Four articles were eligible, including 848 individuals with caries and 463 controls. The results of pooled analysis showed no significant differences in the five gene models (G vs. A: odds ratio (OR) = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.73-1.79, P = 0.567; GG + GA vs. AA: OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.77-1.32, P = 0.489; GG vs. GA + AA: OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.57-1.23, P = 0.368; GA vs. AA: OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.80-1.41, P = 0.681; GG vs. AA: OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.57-2.31, P = 0.690). However, subgroup analysis indicated a statistically significant difference in the dominant (GG + GA vs. AA: OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.02-2.96, P = 0.042) gene model in primary dentition, but no significance in allelic, recessive, homozygous and heterozygous models. Besides, in permanent dentition, no significant differences were found among the five genetic models (all P > 0.05). Conclusion KLK4 rs2235091 polymorphism may be associated with susceptibility to DC of pediatric primary dentition, but not with the risk of caries of permanent dentition. Genotype GG + GA may increase susceptibility to DC of pediatric primary dentition. However, considering the limited records enrolled in this review, more trials with larger sample sizes and more rigorous designs are needed to verify the conclusions of this meta-analysis in the future. Systematic Review Registration https://inplasy.com/, identifier INPLASY202380014.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yongping Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, ZJ, China
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Vishwanathaiah S, Fageeh HN, Khanagar SB, Maganur PC. Artificial Intelligence Its Uses and Application in Pediatric Dentistry: A Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030788. [PMID: 36979767 PMCID: PMC10044793 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the global epidemic era, oral problems significantly impact a major population of children. The key to a child’s optimal health is early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of these disorders. In recent years, the field of artificial intelligence (AI) has seen tremendous pace and progress. As a result, AI’s infiltration is witnessed even in those areas that were traditionally thought to be best left to human specialists. The ultimate ability to improve patient care and make precise diagnoses of illnesses has revolutionized the world of healthcare. In the field of dentistry, the competence to execute treatment measures while still providing appropriate patient behavior counseling is in high demand, particularly in the field of pediatric dental care. As a result, we decided to conduct this review specifically to examine the applications of AI models in pediatric dentistry. A comprehensive search of the subjects was done using a wide range of databases to look for studies that have been published in peer-reviewed journals from its inception until 31 December 2022. After the application of the criteria, only 25 of the 351 articles were taken into consideration for this review. According to the literature, AI is frequently used in pediatric dentistry for the purpose of making an accurate diagnosis and assisting clinicians, dentists, and pediatric dentists in clinical decision making, developing preventive strategies, and establishing an appropriate treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Vishwanathaiah
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (P.C.M.); Tel.: +966-542635434 (S.V.); +966-505916621 (P.C.M.)
| | - Hytham N. Fageeh
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjeev B. Khanagar
- Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prabhadevi C. Maganur
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (P.C.M.); Tel.: +966-542635434 (S.V.); +966-505916621 (P.C.M.)
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Chisini LA, Varella de Carvalho R, Dos Santos Costa F, Salvi LC, Demarco FF, Britto Correa M. Genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the pathway of saliva and dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:8-23. [PMID: 36644905 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2162891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), related to genes in salivary composition and flow, on dental caries experience. Sixteen studies were included in the systematic review and ten in the meta-analysis. Forty-four SNPS, covering four genes (CA6, AQP2, AQP5, and MUC5B) were identified. Most of the SNPs were not associated with caries in meta-analysis. Homozygous TT genotype of the SNP CA6 rs17032907(C/T) was associated with caries [OR = 3.23(1.39-7.49)]. The pool effect of the SNPs assessed in AQP5 was associated with a reduction in the likelihood of caries [OR = 0.75(0.59-0.95)]. Considering all SNPs of salivary composition and flow, the effect allele was associated with a 75% increase in the likelihood of caries [OR = 1.75(1.06-2.89)] in the homozygous genotype. The present findings showed that the genes in salivary composition and flow can play an important role in dental caries experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Alexandre Chisini
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Varella de Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Carla Salvi
- Graduate Program in Biology, University of Vale do Taquari, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Flávio Fernando Demarco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcos Britto Correa
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Sharma A, Patil SS, Muthu MS, Venkatesan V, Kirubakaran R, Nuvvula S, Arockiam S. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of enamel formation genes and early childhood caries - systematic review, gene-based, gene cluster and meta-analysis. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2023; 41:3-15. [PMID: 37282406 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_78_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Genetic polymorphisms of genes regulating amelogenesis can alter susceptibility to Early Childhood Caries (ECC). This systematic review aims to analyze associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms of enamel formation genes and ECC. Methods Search was conducted across PUBMED, CINAHL, LILACS, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Web of Science, Genome-Wide Association Studies databases from January 2003 to September 2022. This was supplemented by hand search. Totally 7124 articles were identified and 21 articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria proceeded to data extraction. Quality assessment was done using the Q-Genie tool. Results Quantitative synthesis revealed that homozygous genotype AA of rs12640848 was significantly higher in children with ECC with an odds ratio of 2.36. Gene-based analysis revealed significant association between six variants of AMBN, four variants of KLK4, two variants of MMP20, and a single variant of each of MMP9 and MMP13 genes and ECC. The Bonferroni corrected-log10 P value of amelogenesis gene Cluster was 2.25 (0.05/88 = 5.6 × 10-4). Search Tool for Retrieval of Interacting Genes and Proteins plot constructed to comprehend the protein-protein interaction revealed the presence of four functional clusters. Gene function prediction using Multiple Association Network Integration Algorithm revealed that physical interaction between these genes was 69.3%. Conclusion Polymorphisms of genes regulating amelogenesis can influence the susceptibility to ECC. AA genotype of rs12640848 may increase the susceptibility to ECC. Gene-based analysis revealed a significant association between multiple polymorphisms of genes regulating amelogenesis and ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Sharma
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu; Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, India
| | - Sneha S Patil
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu; Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - M S Muthu
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vettriselvi Venkatesan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Richard Kirubakaran
- South Asian Cochrane Network and Centre, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivakumar Nuvvula
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Selva Arockiam
- Department of Orthodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chawłowska E, Karasiewicz M, Lipiak A, Cofta M, Fechner B, Lewicka-Rabska A, Pruciak A, Gerreth K. Exploring the Relationships between Children's Oral Health and Parents' Oral Health Knowledge, Literacy, Behaviours and Adherence to Recommendations: A Cross-Sectional Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191811288. [PMID: 36141563 PMCID: PMC9517628 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although preventable, early childhood caries (ECC) is a burdening condition in all WHO regions, with Poland being one of the most affected countries in Europe. Effective home-based prevention of ECC is available and recommended by several expert bodies. Therefore, we wanted to determine how well parents were following selected oral health recommendations in preschool children. Additionally, we wanted to determine which socioeconomic factors influenced such practices the most, and how parents' oral health literacy and behaviours affected the oral hygiene and oral health status of their children. A cross-sectional survey involving 2338 parents and caregivers of children from 167 kindergartens was performed. Children's oral hygiene and oral health status were found to be associated with parents' education and economic status. They were also strongly influenced by parental health literacy and behaviours. With respect to recommendations for preschoolers, the lowest adherence was found in the use of fluoride toothpaste and its age-appropriate amount, supervision of toothbrushing, and refraining from eating after last toothbrushing. The improvement in these areas could be achieved thanks to the involvement of health professionals such as gynaecologists, midwives, and primary care personnel in efforts aimed at increasing parents' oral health knowledge and literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Chawłowska
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Karasiewicz
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lipiak
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mateusz Cofta
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Brittany Fechner
- Laboratory of International Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lewicka-Rabska
- Department of Hypertension, Angiology and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Pruciak
- Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Research Centre of Quarantine, Invasive and Genetically Modified Organisms, 60-318 Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Gerreth
- Department of Risk Group Dentistry, Chair of Paediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
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Ngnamsie Njimbouom S, Lee K, Kim JD. MMDCP: Multi-Modal Dental Caries Prediction for Decision Support System Using Deep Learning. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10928. [PMID: 36078635 PMCID: PMC9518085 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, healthcare has gained unprecedented attention from researchers in the field of Human health science and technology. Oral health, a subdomain of healthcare described as being very complex, is threatened by diseases like dental caries, gum disease, oral cancer, etc. The critical point is to propose an identification mechanism to prevent the population from being affected by these diseases. The large amount of online data allows scholars to perform tremendous research on health conditions, specifically oral health. Regardless of the high-performing dental consultation tools available in current healthcare, computer-based technology has shown the ability to complete some tasks in less time and cost less than when using similar healthcare tools to perform the same type of work. Machine learning has displayed a wide variety of advantages in oral healthcare, such as predicting dental caries in the population. Compared to the standard dental caries prediction previously proposed, this work emphasizes the importance of using multiple data sources, referred to as multi-modality, to extract more features and obtain accurate performances. The proposed prediction model constructed using multi-modal data demonstrated promising performances with an accuracy of 90%, F1-score of 89%, a recall of 90%, and a precision of 89%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kwonwoo Lee
- Department of Computer and Electronics Convergence Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea
| | - Jeong-Dong Kim
- Department of Computer and Electronics Convergence Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea
- Genome-Based BioIT Convergence Institute, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea
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Application and Performance of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Detection, Diagnosis and Prediction of Dental Caries (DC)—A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051083. [PMID: 35626239 PMCID: PMC9139989 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolution in the fields of science and technology has led to the development of newer applications based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology that have been widely used in medical sciences. AI-technology has been employed in a wide range of applications related to the diagnosis of oral diseases that have demonstrated phenomenal precision and accuracy in their performance. The aim of this systematic review is to report on the diagnostic accuracy and performance of AI-based models designed for detection, diagnosis, and prediction of dental caries (DC). Eminent electronic databases (PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus, Web of science, Embase, Cochrane, Saudi Digital Library) were searched for relevant articles that were published from January 2000 until February 2022. A total of 34 articles that met the selection criteria were critically analyzed based on QUADAS-2 guidelines. The certainty of the evidence of the included studies was assessed using the GRADE approach. AI has been widely applied for prediction of DC, for detection and diagnosis of DC and for classification of DC. These models have demonstrated excellent performance and can be used in clinical practice for enhancing the diagnostic performance, treatment quality and patient outcome and can also be applied to identify patients with a higher risk of developing DC.
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Clinical Consequences of Dental Caries, Parents' Perception of Child's Oral Health and Attitudes towards Dental Visits in a Population of 7-Year-Old Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115844. [PMID: 34072416 PMCID: PMC8198085 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the occurrence of the consequences of dental caries and factors affecting dental service utilization in a population of 7-year-old children. The research included oral examination of 7-year-old schoolchildren and socio-medical study of their parents/legal caregivers. It was carried out in five primary schools of two provinces, i.e., Greater Poland and Lubusz. Dental examination was performed in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. The socio-medical study consisted of questionnaires with close-ended questions concerning socioeconomic characteristics of the family, reasons and time of the last visit at the dental office, consequences of child’s oral health problems, parents’ attitude towards dental visits, and parental opinion about their child’s teeth. Factors affecting utilization of dental services were statistically analyzed using univariate logistic regression assuming p < 0.05. The pufa index of examined children ranged from 0 to 7 (mean 0.80 ± 1.49), while the dmf index ranged from 0 to 14 (3.86 ± 3.32). Low financial burden of oral health expenditures and university education of at least one of the parents significantly increased the chance of visiting a dentist despite lack of pain (OR = 3.0 and 2.5, respectively). In spite of the availability of free dental care for children, socioeconomic factors still determine the utilization of dental services in Poland. Poor oral health status of examined population and negligence of regular dental check-ups emphasize a need to strengthen oral health literacy of parents and children, promoting proper attitudes towards dental care.
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