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Zare MJ, Ahmadi A, Dehbozorgi S, Zare M, Hejazi N. The Association Between Children's Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII) and Nutrient Adequacy with Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Sleep Habits, and Autistic Traits. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06328-z. [PMID: 38607471 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Zare
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afsane Ahmadi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sara Dehbozorgi
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavior Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Morteza Zare
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Hejazi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
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2
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Tisato V, Silva JA, Scarpellini F, Capucci R, Marci R, Gallo I, Salvatori F, D'Aversa E, Secchiero P, Serino ML, Zauli G, Singh AV, Gemmati D. Epigenetic role of LINE-1 methylation and key genes in pregnancy maintenance. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3275. [PMID: 38332006 PMCID: PMC10853191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous abortion is a pregnancy complication characterized by complex and multifactorial etiology. About 5% of childbearing women are globally affected by early pregnancy loss (EPL) and most of them experience recurrence (RPL). Epigenetic mechanisms and controlled inflammation are crucial for pregnancy maintenance and genetic predispositions may increase the risk affecting the maternal-fetal crosstalk. Combined analyses of global methylation, inflammation and inherited predispositions may contribute to define pregnancy loss etiopathogenesis. LINE-1 epigenetic regulation plays crucial roles during embryo implantation, and its hypomethylation has been associated with senescence and several complex diseases. By analysing a group of 230 women who have gone through pregnancy interruption and comparing those experiencing spontaneous EPL (n = 123; RPL, 54.5%) with a group of normal pregnant who underwent to voluntary interruption (VPI, n = 107), the single statistical analysis revealed significant lower (P < 0.00001) LINE-1 methylation and higher (P < 0.0001) mean cytokine levels (CKs: IL6, IL10, IL17A, IL23) in EPL. Genotyping of the following SNPs accounted for different EPL/RPL risk odds ratio: F13A1 rs5985 (OR = 0.24; 0.06-0.90); F13B rs6003 (OR = 0.23; 0.047-1.1); FGA rs6050 (OR = 0.58; 0.33-1.0); CRP rs2808635/rs876538 (OR = 0.15; 0.014-0.81); ABO rs657152 (OR = 0.48; 0.22-1.08); TP53 rs1042522 (OR = 0.54; 0.32-0.92); MTHFR rs1801133/rs1801131 (OR = 2.03; 1.2-3.47) and FGB rs1800790 (OR = 1.97; 1.01-3.87), although Bonferroni correction did not reach significant outputs. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and logistic regression disclosed further SNPs positive/negative associations (e.g. APOE rs7412/rs429358; FGB rs1800790; CFH rs1061170) differently arranged and sorted in four significant PCs: PC1 (F13A, methylation, CKs); PC3 (CRP, MTHFR, age, methylation); PC4 (F13B, FGA, FGB, APOE, TP53, age, methylation); PC6 (F13A, CFH, ABO, MTHFR, TP53, age), yielding further statistical power to the association models. In detail, positive EPL risk association was with PC1 (OR = 1.81; 1.33-2.45; P < 0.0001) and negative associations with PC3 (OR = 0.489; 0.37-0.66; P < 0.0001); PC4 (OR = 0.72; 0.55-0.94; P = 0.018) and PC6 (OR = 0.61; 0.46-0.81; P = 0.001). Moreover, significant inverse associations were detected between methylation and CKs levels in the whole group (rIL10 = - 0.22; rIL17A = - 0.25; rIL23 = - 0.19; rIL6 = - 0.22), and methylation with age in the whole group, EPL and RPL subgroups (r2TOT = 0.147; r2EPL = 0.136; r2 RPL = 0.248), while VPI controls lost significance (r2VPI = 0.011). This study provides a valuable multilayer approach for investigating epigenetic abnormalities in pregnancy loss suggesting genetic-driven dysregulations and anomalous epigenetic mechanisms potentially mediated by LINE-1 hypomethylation. Women with unexplained EPL might benefit of such investigations, providing new insights for predicting the pregnancy outcome and for treating at risk women with novel targeted epidrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Tisato
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- University Strategic Centre for Studies On Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- Centre Haemostasis & Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Juliana A Silva
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Capucci
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Marci
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ines Gallo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Salvatori
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta D'Aversa
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria L Serino
- Centre Haemostasis & Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ajay V Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Donato Gemmati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- University Strategic Centre for Studies On Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- Centre Haemostasis & Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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Martini A, Cozza A, Di Pasquale Fiasca VM. The Inheritance of Hearing Loss and Deafness: A Historical Perspective. Audiol Res 2024; 14:116-128. [PMID: 38391767 PMCID: PMC10886121 DOI: 10.3390/audiolres14010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
If the term "genetics" is a relatively recent proposition, introduced in 1905 by English biologist William Bateson, who rediscovered and spread in the scientific community Mendel's principles of inheritance, since the dawn of human civilization the influence of heredity has been recognized, especially in agricultural crops and animal breeding. And, later, in familial dynasties. In this concise review, we outline the evolution of the idea of hereditary hearing loss, up to the current knowledge of molecular genetics and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Martini
- Padova University Research Center "International Auditory Processing Project in Venice (I-APPROVE)", Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Cozza
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
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Tisato V, Castiglione A, Ciorba A, Aimoni C, Silva JA, Gallo I, D'Aversa E, Salvatori F, Bianchini C, Pelucchi S, Secchiero P, Zauli G, Singh AV, Gemmati D. LINE-1 global DNA methylation, iron homeostasis genes, sex and age in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Hum Genomics 2023; 17:112. [PMID: 38098073 PMCID: PMC10722762 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is an abrupt loss of hearing, still idiopathic in most of cases. Several mechanisms have been proposed including genetic and epigenetic interrelationships also considering iron homeostasis genes, ferroptosis and cellular stressors such as iron excess and dysfunctional mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity. RESULTS We investigated 206 SSNHL patients and 420 healthy controls for the following genetic variants in the iron pathway: SLC40A1 - 8CG (ferroportin; FPN1), HAMP - 582AG (hepcidin; HEPC), HFE C282Y and H63D (homeostatic iron regulator), TF P570S (transferrin) and SOD2 A16V in the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase-2 gene. Among patients, SLC40A1 - 8GG homozygotes were overrepresented (8.25% vs 2.62%; P = 0.0015) as well SOD2 16VV genotype (32.0% vs 24.3%; P = 0.037) accounting for increased SSNHL risk (OR = 3.34; 1.54-7.29 and OR = 1.47; 1.02-2.12, respectively). Moreover, LINE-1 methylation was inversely related (r2 = 0.042; P = 0.001) with hearing loss score assessed as pure tone average (PTA, dB HL), and the trend was maintained after SLC40A1 - 8CG and HAMP - 582AG genotype stratification (ΔSLC40A1 = + 8.99 dB HL and ΔHAMP = - 6.07 dB HL). In multivariate investigations, principal component analysis (PCA) yielded PC1 (PTA, age, LINE-1, HAMP, SLC40A1) and PC2 (sex, HFEC282Y, SOD2, HAMP) among the five generated PCs, and logistic regression analysis ascribed to PC1 an inverse association with moderate/severe/profound HL (OR = 0.60; 0.42-0.86; P = 0.0006) and with severe/profound HL (OR = 0.52; 0.35-0.76; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Recognizing genetic and epigenetic biomarkers and their mutual interactions in SSNHL is of great value and can help pharmacy science to design by pharmacogenomic data classical or advanced molecules, such as epidrugs, to target new pathways for a better prognosis and treatment of SSNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Tisato
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- University Strategic Centre for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Ciorba
- Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudia Aimoni
- Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Juliana Araujo Silva
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ines Gallo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta D'Aversa
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Salvatori
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Bianchini
- Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Pelucchi
- Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Donato Gemmati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- University Strategic Centre for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- Centre Haemostasis and Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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5
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Indika NLR, Senarathne UD, Malvaso A, Darshana D, Owens SC, Mansouri B, Semenova Y, Bjørklund G. Abnormal Porphyrin Metabolism in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Therapeutic Implications. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03722-z. [PMID: 38032468 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a mosaic of neurodevelopmental conditions composed of early-onset social interaction and communication deficits, along with repetitive and/or restricted patterns of activities, behavior, and interests. ASD affects around 1% of children worldwide, with a male predominance. Energy, porphyrin, and neurotransmitter homeostasis are the key metabolic pathways affected by heavy metal exposure, potentially implicated in the pathogenesis of ASD. Exposure to heavy metals can lead to an altered porphyrin metabolism due to enzyme inhibition by heavy metals. Heavy metal exposure, inborn genetic susceptibility, and abnormal thiol and selenol metabolism may play a significant role in the urinary porphyrin profile anomalies observed in ASD. Altered porphyrin metabolism in ASD may also be associated with, vitamin B6 deficiency, hyperoxalemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, and hypomagnesemia. The present review considers the abnormal porphyrin metabolism in ASD in relation to the potential pathogenic mechanism and discusses the possible metabolic therapies such as vitamins, minerals, cofactors, and antioxidants that need to be explored in future research. Such targeted therapeutic therapies would bring about favorable outcomes such as improvements in core and co-occurring symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neluwa-Liyanage R Indika
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka.
| | - Udara D Senarathne
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Monash Health Pathology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antonio Malvaso
- IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, National Neurological Institute, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dhanushka Darshana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
| | - Susan C Owens
- Autism Oxalate Project, Autism Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Borhan Mansouri
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610, Mo i Rana, Norway.
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Awaji B, Senan EM, Olayah F, Alshari EA, Alsulami M, Abosaq HA, Alqahtani J, Janrao P. Hybrid Techniques of Facial Feature Image Analysis for Early Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder Based on Combined CNN Features. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2948. [PMID: 37761315 PMCID: PMC10527645 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social communication and repetitive behaviors. The exact causes of ASD remain elusive and likely involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors. Doctors often face challenges in accurately identifying ASD early due to its complex and diverse presentation. Early detection and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes for individuals with ASD. Early diagnosis allows for timely access to appropriate interventions, leading to better social and communication skills development. Artificial intelligence techniques, particularly facial feature extraction using machine learning algorithms, display promise in aiding the early detection of ASD. By analyzing facial expressions and subtle cues, AI models identify patterns associated with ASD features. This study developed various hybrid systems to diagnose facial feature images for an ASD dataset by combining convolutional neural network (CNN) features. The first approach utilized pre-trained VGG16, ResNet101, and MobileNet models. The second approach employed a hybrid technique that combined CNN models (VGG16, ResNet101, and MobileNet) with XGBoost and RF algorithms. The third strategy involved diagnosing ASD using XGBoost and an RF based on features of VGG-16-ResNet101, ResNet101-MobileNet, and VGG16-MobileNet models. Notably, the hybrid RF algorithm that utilized features from the VGG16-MobileNet models demonstrated superior performance, reached an AUC of 99.25%, an accuracy of 98.8%, a precision of 98.9%, a sensitivity of 99%, and a specificity of 99.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakri Awaji
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran 6646, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (H.A.A.); (J.A.)
| | - Ebrahim Mohammed Senan
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Alrazi University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Fekry Olayah
- Department of Information System, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran 6646, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Eman A. Alshari
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Thamar University, Dhamar 87246, Yemen;
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Engineering and Smart Computing, Modern Specialized University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Mohammad Alsulami
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran 6646, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (H.A.A.); (J.A.)
| | - Hamad Ali Abosaq
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran 6646, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (H.A.A.); (J.A.)
| | - Jarallah Alqahtani
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran 6646, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (H.A.A.); (J.A.)
| | - Prachi Janrao
- Thakur College of Engineering and Technology, Kandivali(E), Mumbai 400101, India;
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Salvatori F, D’Aversa E, Serino ML, Singh AV, Secchiero P, Zauli G, Tisato V, Gemmati D. miRNAs Epigenetic Tuning of Wall Remodeling in the Early Phase after Myocardial Infarction: A Novel Epidrug Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13268. [PMID: 37686073 PMCID: PMC10487654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death in Western countries. An early diagnosis decreases subsequent severe complications such as wall remodeling or heart failure and improves treatments and interventions. Novel therapeutic targets have been recognized and, together with the development of direct and indirect epidrugs, the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) yields great expectancy. ncRNAs are a group of RNAs not translated into a product and, among them, microRNAs (miRNAs) are the most investigated subgroup since they are involved in several pathological processes related to MI and post-MI phases such as inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. These processes and pathways are finely tuned by miRNAs via complex mechanisms. We are at the beginning of the investigation and the main paths are still underexplored. In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion of the recent findings on epigenetic changes involved in the first phases after MI as well as on the role of the several miRNAs. We focused on miRNAs function and on their relationship with key molecules and cells involved in healing processes after an ischemic accident, while also giving insight into the discrepancy between males and females in the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Salvatori
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.S.)
| | - Elisabetta D’Aversa
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.S.)
| | - Maria Luisa Serino
- Centre Haemostasis & Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.S.)
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Department of Environmental Science and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Veronica Tisato
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.S.)
- LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- University Centre for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Donato Gemmati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.S.)
- Centre Haemostasis & Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- University Centre for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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刘 贤, 郭 程, 邹 明, 冯 芳, 梁 思, 陈 文, 武 丽. [Association between maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and the risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2023; 25:818-823. [PMID: 37668029 PMCID: PMC10484079 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2301021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the association between maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) exposure and the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring. METHODS A case-control study was conducted, recruiting 221 children with ASD and 400 healthy children as controls. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect information on general characteristics of the children, socio-economic characteristics of the family, maternal pregnancy history, and maternal disease exposure during pregnancy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between maternal GDM exposure and the development of ASD in offspring. The potential interaction between offspring gender and maternal GDM exposure on the development of ASD in offspring was explored. RESULTS The proportion of maternal GDM was significantly higher in the ASD group compared to the control group (16.3% vs 9.4%, P=0.014). After adjusting for variables such as gender, gestational age, mode of delivery, parity, and maternal education level, maternal GDM exposure was a risk factor for ASD in offspring (OR=2.18, 95%CI: 1.04-4.54, P=0.038). On the basis of adjusting the above variables, after further adjusting the variables including prenatal intake of multivitamins, folic acid intake in the first three months of pregnancy, and assisted reproduction the result trend did not change, but no statistical significance was observed (OR=1.94, 95%CI: 0.74-5.11, P=0.183). There was an interaction between maternal GDM exposure and offspring gender on the development of ASD in offspring (P<0.001). Gender stratified analysis showed that only in male offspring of mothers with GDM, the risk of ASD was significantly increased (OR=3.67, 95%CI: 1.16-11.65, P=0.027). CONCLUSIONS Maternal GDM exposure might increase the risk of ASD in offspring. There is an interaction between GDM exposure and offspring gender in the development of ASD in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- 贤 刘
- 广州医科大学附属妇女儿童医疗中心/广东省儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心出生队列, 广东广州510623
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Dorsey SG, Mocci E, Lane MV, Krueger BK. Rapid effects of valproic acid on the fetal brain transcriptome: Implications for brain development and autism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.01.538959. [PMID: 37205520 PMCID: PMC10187231 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.01.538959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
There is an increased incidence of autism among the children of women who take the anti-epileptic, mood stabilizing drug, valproic acid (VPA) during pregnancy; moreover, exposure to VPA in utero causes autistic-like symptoms in rodents and non-human primates. Analysis of RNAseq data obtained from fetal mouse brains 3 hr after VPA administration revealed that VPA significantly [p(FDR) ≤ 0.025] increased or decreased the expression of approximately 7,300 genes. No significant sex differences in VPA-induced gene expression were observed. Expression of genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism as well as neurogenesis, axon growth and synaptogenesis, GABAergic, glutaminergic and dopaminergic synaptic transmission, perineuronal nets, and circadian rhythms was dysregulated by VPA. Moreover, expression of 400 autism risk genes was significantly altered by VPA as was expression of 247 genes that have been reported to play fundamental roles in the development of the nervous system, but are not linked to autism by GWAS. The goal of this study was to identify mouse genes that are: (a) significantly up- or down-regulated by VPA in the fetal brain and (b) known to be associated with autism and/or to play a role in embryonic neurodevelopmental processes, perturbation of which has the potential to alter brain connectivity in the postnatal and adult brain. The set of genes meeting these criteria provides potential targets for future hypothesis-driven approaches to elucidating the proximal underlying causes of defective brain connectivity in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism.
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Singh AV, Chandrasekar V, Paudel N, Laux P, Luch A, Gemmati D, Tissato V, Prabhu KS, Uddin S, Dakua SP. Integrative toxicogenomics: Advancing precision medicine and toxicology through artificial intelligence and OMICs technology. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114784. [PMID: 37121152 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
More information about a person's genetic makeup, drug response, multi-omics response, and genomic response is now available leading to a gradual shift towards personalized treatment. Additionally, the promotion of non-animal testing has fueled the computational toxicogenomics as a pivotal part of the next-gen risk assessment paradigm. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to provid new ways analyzing the patient data and making predictions about treatment outcomes or toxicity. As personalized medicine and toxicogenomics involve huge data processing, AI can expedite this process by providing powerful data processing, analysis, and interpretation algorithms. AI can process and integrate a multitude of data including genome data, patient records, clinical data and identify patterns to derive predictive models anticipating clinical outcomes and assessing the risk of any personalized medicine approaches. In this article, we have studied the current trends and future perspectives in personalized medicine & toxicology, the role of toxicogenomics in connecting the two fields, and the impact of AI on personalized medicine & toxicology. In this work, we also study the key challenges and limitations in personalized medicine, toxicogenomics, and AI in order to fully realize their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Namuna Paudel
- Department of Chemistry, Amrit Campus, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Lainchaur, Kathmandu 44600 Nepal
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Donato Gemmati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Centre Hemostasis & Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Centre for Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Veronica Tissato
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Centre Hemostasis & Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Centre for Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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11
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Senarathne UD, Indika NLR, Jezela-Stanek A, Ciara E, Frye RE, Chen C, Stepien KM. Biochemical, Genetic and Clinical Diagnostic Approaches to Autism-Associated Inherited Metabolic Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040803. [PMID: 37107561 PMCID: PMC10138025 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interaction, limited communication skills, and restrictive and repetitive behaviours. The pathophysiology of ASD is multifactorial and includes genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, whereas a causal relationship has been described between ASD and inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs). This review describes biochemical, genetic, and clinical approaches to investigating IMDs associated with ASD. The biochemical work-up includes body fluid analysis to confirm general metabolic and/or lysosomal storage diseases, while the advances and applications of genomic testing technology would assist with identifying molecular defects. An IMD is considered likely underlying pathophysiology in ASD patients with suggestive clinical symptoms and multiorgan involvement, of which early recognition and treatment increase their likelihood of achieving optimal care and a better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udara D. Senarathne
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Monash Health Pathology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Neluwa-Liyanage R. Indika
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Ciara
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Richard E. Frye
- Autism Discovery and Treatment Foundation, Phoenix, AZ 85050, USA
| | - Cliff Chen
- Clinical Neuropsychology Department, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK
| | - Karolina M. Stepien
- Adult Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Mark Holland Unit, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Correspondence:
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12
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Roufael M, Bitar T, Sacre Y, Andres C, Hleihel W. Folate–Methionine Cycle Disruptions in ASD Patients and Possible Interventions: A Systematic Review. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030709. [PMID: 36980981 PMCID: PMC10048251 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has become a major public health concern due to its rapidly rising incidence over the past few years. Disturbances in folate or methionine metabolism have been identified in many individuals with ASD, suggesting that the folate–methionine cycle may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of autism. Thus, changes in metabolite concentrations associated with this cycle could be used as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ASD. The aim of this systematic review is to elucidate the perturbations of this cycle and the possible interventions that may be proposed in this context. Several studies have shown that high levels of homocysteine and low levels of vitamins B12 and folate are associated with ASD. These changes in serum metabolites are influenced by poor diet. In fact, children with ASD tend to eat selectively, which could compromise the quality of their diet and result in nutrient deficiencies. Moreover, these disturbances may also be caused by genetic predispositions such as polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene. Few studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of the use of nutritional supplements in treating ASD children. Therefore, larger, well-structured studies are recommended to examine the impact of vitamin B12 and folate supplementation on homocysteine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Roufael
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon
- UMR Inserm 1253 Ibrain, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (T.B.)
| | - Tania Bitar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (T.B.)
| | - Yonna Sacre
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon
| | - Christian Andres
- UMR Inserm 1253 Ibrain, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Walid Hleihel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon
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13
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Munteanu C, Berindean I, Mihai M, Pop B, Popa M, Muntean L, Petrescu O, Ona A. E, K, B5, B6, and B9 vitamins and their specific immunological effects evaluated by flow cytometry. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1089476. [PMID: 36687400 PMCID: PMC9849766 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1089476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been proven that vitamins play an essential role in preventing certain diseases since ancient times. It is thus fruitless to approach the roles of vitamins without making reference to the techniques used in evaluating the effects of these micronutrients. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to summarize the immunological effects of E, K, B5, B6, and B9 vitamins evaluated by flow cytometry. Some of these significant effects were presented and discussed: (a) The role of vitamins E in the prevention and treatment of different types of cancer. (b) The properties of K vitamins in the development and maintenance of pheochromocytoma Cell Line 12 (PC12) cells in Parkinson's disease; (c) The improvement effect of vitamin B5 on the loss of bone mass in low estrogen conditions; (d) The anticancer role of vitamins B6. (e) The role of Vitamin B9 in the regulation of Treg cells. As such, the flow cytometry technique used to assess these properties is essential to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of certain vitamins. The technique undergoes constant improvement which makes it possible to determine several parameters with a role in the modulation of the immune function and at the same time increase the accuracy of the methods that highlight them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Munteanu
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindean
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Mihai
- Department of Transversal Competencies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bianca Pop
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai Popa
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Leon Muntean
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Olivia Petrescu
- Department of Applied Modern Languages, Faculty of Letters, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Ona
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania,*Correspondence: Andreea Ona,
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14
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Franczak M, Toenshoff I, Jansen G, Smolenski RT, Giovannetti E, Peters GJ. The Influence of Mitochondrial Energy and 1C Metabolism on the Efficacy of Anticancer Drugs: Exploring Potential Mechanisms of Resistance. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:1209-1231. [PMID: 35366764 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220401110418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main energy factory in living cells. To rapidly proliferate and metastasize, neoplastic cells increase their energy requirements. Thus, mitochondria become one of the most important organelles for them. Indeed, much research shows the interplay between cancer chemoresistance and altered mitochondrial function. In this review, we focus on the differences in energy metabolism between cancer and normal cells to better understand their resistance and how to develop drugs targeting energy metabolism and nucleotide synthesis. One of the differences between cancer and normal cells is the higher nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) level, a cofactor for the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), which enhances their proliferation and helps cancer cells survive under hypoxic conditions. An important change is a metabolic switch called the Warburg effect. This effect is based on the change of energy harvesting from oxygen-dependent transformation to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), adapting them to the tumor environment. Another mechanism is the high expression of one-carbon (1C) metabolism enzymes. Again, this allows cancer cells to increase proliferation by producing precursors for the synthesis of nucleotides and amino acids. We reviewed drugs in clinical practice and development targeting NAD+, OXPHOS, and 1C metabolism. Combining novel drugs with conventional antineoplastic agents may prove to be a promising new way of anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Franczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Isabel Toenshoff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam University College, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Jansen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Sobolewski M, Conrad K, Marvin E, Eckard M, Goeke CM, Merrill AK, Welle K, Jackson BP, Gelein R, Chalupa D, Oberdörster G, Cory-Slechta DA. The potential involvement of inhaled iron (Fe) in the neurotoxic effects of ultrafine particulate matter air pollution exposure on brain development in mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:56. [PMID: 35945578 PMCID: PMC9364598 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in epidemiological studies. In our studies in mice, developmental exposures to ambient ultrafine particulate (UFP) matter either postnatally or gestationally results in neurotoxic consequences that include brain metal dyshomeostasis, including significant increases in brain Fe. Since Fe is redox active and neurotoxic to brain in excess, this study examined the extent to which postnatal Fe inhalation exposure, might contribute to the observed neurotoxicity of UFPs. Mice were exposed to 1 µg/m3 Fe oxide nanoparticles alone, or in conjunction with sulfur dioxide (Fe (1 µg/m3) + SO2 (SO2 at 1.31 mg/m3, 500 ppb) from postnatal days 4-7 and 10-13 for 4 h/day. RESULTS Overarching results included the observations that Fe + SO2 produced greater neurotoxicity than did Fe alone, that females appeared to show greater vulnerability to these exposures than did males, and that profiles of effects differed by sex. Consistent with metal dyshomeostasis, both Fe only and Fe + SO2 exposures altered correlations of Fe and of sulfur (S) with other metals in a sex and tissue-specific manner. Specifically, altered metal levels in lung, but particularly in frontal cortex were found, with reductions produced by Fe in females, but increases produced by Fe + SO2 in males. At PND14, marked changes in brain frontal cortex and striatal neurotransmitter systems were observed, particularly in response to combined Fe + SO2 as compared to Fe only, in glutamatergic and dopaminergic functions that were of opposite directions by sex. Changes in markers of trans-sulfuration in frontal cortex likewise differed in females as compared to males. Residual neurotransmitter changes were limited at PND60. Increases in serum glutathione and Il-1a were female-specific effects of combined Fe + SO2. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings suggest a role for the Fe contamination in air pollution in the observed neurotoxicity of ambient UFPs and that such involvement may be different by chemical mixture. Translation of such results to humans requires verification, and, if found, would suggest a need for regulation of Fe in air for public health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Sobolewski
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Katherine Conrad
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Elena Marvin
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Matthew Eckard
- grid.262333.50000000098205004Department of Psychology, Radford University, Radford, VA 24142 USA
| | - Calla M. Goeke
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Alyssa K. Merrill
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Kevin Welle
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Proteomics Core, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Brian P. Jackson
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Robert Gelein
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - David Chalupa
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Günter Oberdörster
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Deborah A. Cory-Slechta
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
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16
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Ryznar RJ, Phibbs L, Onat E, Van Winkle LJ. Epigenetic Regulation of Development, Cellular Differentiation, and Disease Progression/Protection in Adults. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121907. [PMID: 35741035 PMCID: PMC9221476 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Ryznar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO 80134, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Lacie Phibbs
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO 80134, USA; (L.P.); (E.O.)
| | - Erin Onat
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO 80134, USA; (L.P.); (E.O.)
| | - Lon J. Van Winkle
- Department of Medical Humanities, Rocky Vista University, 8401 S. Chambers Road, Parker, CO 80112, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
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17
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Milani D, Caruso L, Zauli E, Al Owaifeer AM, Secchiero P, Zauli G, Gemmati D, Tisato V. p53/NF-kB Balance in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: From OMICs, Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Insights to Tailored Therapeutic Perspectives (COVIDomics). Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:871583. [PMID: 35721196 PMCID: PMC9201997 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.871583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection affects different organs and tissues, including the upper and lower airways, the lung, the gut, the olfactory system and the eye, which may represent one of the gates to the central nervous system. Key transcriptional factors, such as p53 and NF-kB and their reciprocal balance, are altered upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as other key molecules such as the virus host cell entry mediator ACE2, member of the RAS-pathway. These changes are thought to play a central role in the impaired immune response, as well as in the massive cytokine release, the so-called cytokine storm that represents a hallmark of the most severe form of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Host genetics susceptibility is an additional key side to consider in a complex disease as COVID-19 characterized by such a wide range of clinical phenotypes. In this review, we underline some molecular mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 modulates p53 and NF-kB expression and activity in order to maximize viral replication into the host cells. We also face the RAS-pathway unbalance triggered by virus-ACE2 interaction to discuss potential pharmacological and pharmacogenomics approaches aimed at restoring p53/NF-kB and ACE1/ACE2 balance to counteract the most severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Milani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Caruso
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Zauli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Adi Mohammed Al Owaifeer
- Department of Research, King Khaled Eye Specialistic Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Department of Research, King Khaled Eye Specialistic Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Donato Gemmati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Centre Haemostasis and Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- *Correspondence: Donato Gemmati, ; Veronica Tisato,
| | - Veronica Tisato
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- *Correspondence: Donato Gemmati, ; Veronica Tisato,
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18
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Mabhida SE, Muhamed B, Sharma JR, Apalata T, Nomatshila S, Mabasa L, Benjeddou M, Masilela C, Ziqubu K, Shabalala S, Johnson R. Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Polymorphism (rs1801133) and the Risk of Hypertension among African Populations: A Narrative Synthesis of Literature. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040631. [PMID: 35456437 PMCID: PMC9027465 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we have gathered and analyzed the available genetic evidence on the association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR), rs1801133 and the risk of Hypertension (HTN) in African populations, which was further compared to the global data evidence. This review was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol and Human Genome Epidemiology Network (HuGENet) guidelines. Literature was retrieved through major search databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and African Journal Online. We identified 64 potential studies, of which 4 studies were from the African continent and 60 studies were reported globally. Among the studies conducted in Africa, only two (n = 2) reported a significant association between the MTHFR (rs1801133) and the risk of developing HTN. Only one (n = 1) study population was purely composed of black Africans, while others were of other ethnicities. Among studies conducted in other continents (n = 60), forty-seven (n = 47) studies reported a positive association between MTHFR (rs1801133) and the risk of developing HTN, whereas the remaining studies (n = 14) did not show a significant association. Available literature suggests an apparent association between rs1801133 and HTN in global regions; however, such information is still scarce in Africa, especially in the black African population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihle E. Mabhida
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (J.R.S.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - Babu Muhamed
- Division of Infections Disease, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Jyoti R. Sharma
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (J.R.S.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Teke Apalata
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory-Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5100, South Africa;
- National Health Laboratory Services, Mthatha 5100, South Africa
| | - Sibusiso Nomatshila
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Health Behavior, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5100, South Africa;
| | - Lawrence Mabasa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (J.R.S.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Mongi Benjeddou
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - Charity Masilela
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (C.M.); (K.Z.)
| | - Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (C.M.); (K.Z.)
| | - Samukelisiwe Shabalala
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (J.R.S.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory-Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5100, South Africa;
- National Health Laboratory Services, Mthatha 5100, South Africa
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (J.R.S.); (L.M.); (S.S.)
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-21-938-0866
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19
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Alachkar A, Agrawal S, Baboldashtian M, Nuseir K, Salazar J, Agrawal A. L-methionine enhances neuroinflammation and impairs neurogenesis: Implication for Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 366:577843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Oztenekecioglu B, Mavis M, Osum M, Kalkan R. Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Glob Med Genet 2021; 8:144-148. [PMID: 34877571 PMCID: PMC8635813 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is extremely important to understand the causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) which is a neurodevelopmental disease. Treatment and lifelong support of autism are also important to improve the patient's life quality. In this article, several findings were explained to understand the possible causes of ASD. We draw, outline, and describe ASD and its relation with the epigenetic mechanisms. Here, we discuss, several different factors leading to ASD such as environmental, epigenetic, and genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bugsem Oztenekecioglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Merdiye Mavis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Meryem Osum
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Rasime Kalkan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
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21
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Hoxha B, Hoxha M, Domi E, Gervasoni J, Persichilli S, Malaj V, Zappacosta B. Folic Acid and Autism: A Systematic Review of the Current State of Knowledge. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081976. [PMID: 34440744 PMCID: PMC8394938 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Folic acid has been identified to be integral in rapid tissue growth and cell division during fetal development. Different studies indicate folic acid’s importance in improving childhood behavioral outcomes and underline its role as a modifiable risk factor for autism spectrum disorders. The aim of this systematic review is to both elucidate the potential role of folic acid in autism spectrum disorders and to investigate the mechanisms involved. Studies have pointed out a potential beneficial effect of prenatal folic acid maternal supplementation (600 µg) on the risk of autism spectrum disorder onset, but opposite results have been reported as well. Folic acid and/or folinic acid supplementation in autism spectrum disorder diagnosed children has led to improvements, both in some neurologic and behavioral symptoms and in the concentration of one-carbon metabolites. Several authors report an increased frequency of serum auto-antibodies against folate receptor alpha (FRAA) in autism spectrum disorder children. Furthermore, methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms showed a significant influence on ASD risk. More clinical trials, with a clear study design, with larger sample sizes and longer observation periods are necessary to be carried out to better evaluate the potential protective role of folic acid in autism spectrum disorder risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Hoxha
- Department of Chemical-Pharmaceutical and Biomolecular Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University “Our Lady of Good Counsel”, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, 1000 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Malvina Hoxha
- Department for Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University “Our Lady of Good Counsel”, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, 1000 Tirana, Albania; (E.D.); (B.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +355-42-273-290
| | - Elisa Domi
- Department for Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University “Our Lady of Good Counsel”, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, 1000 Tirana, Albania; (E.D.); (B.Z.)
| | - Jacopo Gervasoni
- Area Diagnostica di Laboratorio UOC Chimica, Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare Clinica Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Silvia Persichilli
- Area Diagnostica di Laboratorio UOC Chimica, Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare Clinica Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Visar Malaj
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economy, University of Tirana, 1000 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Bruno Zappacosta
- Department for Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University “Our Lady of Good Counsel”, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, 1000 Tirana, Albania; (E.D.); (B.Z.)
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