1
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LeDoux MS. Polymerase I as a Target for Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1092. [PMID: 38791054 PMCID: PMC11118182 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymerase I (Pol I) is at the epicenter of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis. Pol I is a target for the treatment of cancer. Given the many cellular commonalities between cancer and neurodegeneration (i.e., different faces of the same coin), it seems rational to consider targeting Pol I or, more generally, rRNA synthesis for the treatment of disorders associated with the death of terminally differentiated neurons. Principally, ribosomes synthesize proteins, and, accordingly, Pol I can be considered the starting point for protein synthesis. Given that cellular accumulation of abnormal proteins such as α-synuclein and tau is an essential feature of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson disease and fronto-temporal dementia, reduction of protein production is now considered a viable target for treatment of these and closely related neurodegenerative disorders. Abnormalities in polymerase I activity and rRNA production may also be associated with nuclear and nucleolar stress, DNA damage, and childhood-onset neuronal death, as is the case for the UBTF E210K neuroregression syndrome. Moreover, restraining the activity of Pol I may be a viable strategy to slow aging. Before starting down the road of Pol I inhibition for treating non-cancerous disorders of the nervous system, many questions must be answered. First, how much Pol I inhibition can neurons tolerate, and for how long? Should inhibition of Pol I be continuous or pulsed? Will cells compensate for Pol I inhibition by upregulating the number of active rDNAs? At present, we have no effective and safe disease modulatory treatments for Alzheimer disease, α-synucleinopathies, or tauopathies, and novel therapeutic targets and approaches must be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. LeDoux
- Department of Psychology and College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; or
- Veracity Neuroscience LLC, Memphis, TN 38157, USA
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2
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Ben-Dov T, Pan L, Gordon AJ, Taufique Z, Kassem F, Rickert S. Postoperative Upper Airway Volume Measurements Among Children With Craniofacial Abnormalities. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024. [PMID: 38613193 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure postoperative airway volumes among patients with craniofacial abnormalities and compare them to normative values. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective, comparative study. SETTING Academic Medical Center. METHODS Retrospective analysis of imaging of children with craniofacial abnormalities treated at NYU Langone Health from January 2013 to February 2021. Upper airway volumes postcraniofacial surgery were measured using 3D processing software (Dolphin 3D, version 11.95). These values were compared with published normative values. RESULTS Twenty-one subjects were identified and compared to normative values. The postoperative oropharyngeal volumes were on average 43.7% smaller than the normative values (P < .001), and the total upper airway volumes were 31.6% smaller (P = .003). No significant differences were observed in the nasopharyngeal or hypopharyngeal volumes of the study cohort compared to the normative data. Among children ages 12 to 17 years (n = 13), the mean oropharyngeal volumes were 47.6% smaller than normal (P < .001), and the mean total upper airway volumes were 34.6% smaller than normal (P < .001). Among children ages 7 to 11 years (n = 8), the mean oropharyngeal volumes were 35.1% smaller than normal (P = .049), but no difference in mean total upper airway volume was observed. CONCLUSION In children with craniofacial anomalies, postoperative airway volumes remain lower than normative values. However, even a slight increase in airway volume can yield a substantial increase in flow rate. 3D airway evaluations are a valuable tool for surgical planning and analysis and can help with optimizing airway dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Ben-Dov
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lydia Pan
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alex J Gordon
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zahrah Taufique
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Firas Kassem
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel and School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Scott Rickert
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Chen Y, Yang R, Chen X, Lin N, Li C, Fu Y, He A, Wang Y, Zhang T, Ma J. Atypical mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly diagnosed through the identification of a novel pathogenic mutation in EFTUD2. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2426. [PMID: 38562046 PMCID: PMC10985408 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly (MFDM, OMIM# 610536) is a rare monogenic disease that is caused by a mutation in the elongation factor Tu GTP binding domain containing 2 gene (EFTUD2, OMIM* 603892). It is characterized by mandibulofacial dysplasia, microcephaly, malformed ears, cleft palate, growth and intellectual disability. MFDM can be easily misdiagnosed due to its phenotypic overlap with other craniofacial dysostosis syndromes. The clinical presentation of MFDM is highly variable among patients. METHODS A patient with craniofacial anomalies was enrolled and evaluated by a multidisciplinary team. To make a definitive diagnosis, whole-exome sequencing was performed, followed by validation by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS The patient presented with extensive facial bone dysostosis, upward slanting palpebral fissures, outer and middle ear malformation, a previously unreported orbit anomaly, and spina bifida occulta. A novel, pathogenic insertion mutation (c.215_216insT: p.Tyr73Valfs*4) in EFTUD2 was identified as the likely cause of the disease. CONCLUSIONS We diagnosed this atypical case of MFDM by the detection of a novel pathogenetic mutation in EFTUD2. We also observed previously unreported features. These findings enrich both the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of MFDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryEye & ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- ENT InstituteEye & ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Run Yang
- Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryEye & ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- ENT InstituteEye & ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryEye & ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- ENT InstituteEye & ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Naier Lin
- Department of RadiologyEye & ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chenlong Li
- Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryEye & ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- ENT InstituteEye & ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yaoyao Fu
- Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryEye & ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- ENT InstituteEye & ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Aijuan He
- Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryEye & ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- ENT InstituteEye & ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yimin Wang
- GeneMind Biosciences Company LimitedShenzhenChina
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryEye & ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- ENT InstituteEye & ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing MedicineFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryEye & ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- ENT InstituteEye & ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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4
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Fan X, Yang T, Lu X, Chen Y, Chen X. Possible germline mosaicism in a pedigree with Treacher Collins syndrome: A case report and brief review. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241242278. [PMID: 38629201 PMCID: PMC11025436 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241242278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is a rare congenital craniofacial disorder, typically inherited as an autosomal dominant condition. Here, we report on a family in which germline mosaicism for TCS was likely present. The proband was diagnosed with TCS based on the typical clinical features and a pathogenic variant TCOF1 (c.4369_4373delAAGAA, p.K1457Efs*12). The mutation was not detected in his parents' peripheral blood DNA samples, suggesting a de novo mutation had occurred in the proband. However, a year later, the proband's mother became pregnant, and the amniotic fluid puncture revealed that the fetus carried the same mutation as the proband. Prenatal ultrasound also indicated a maxillofacial dysplasia with unilateral microtia. The mother then disclosed a previous birth history in which a baby had died of respiratory distress shortly after birth, displaying a TCS-like phenotype. Around the same time, the proband's father was diagnosed with mild bilateral conductive hearing loss. Based on array data, we concluded that the father may have had germline mosaicism for TCOF1 mutation. Our findings highlight the importance of considering germline mosaicism in sporadic de novo TCOF1 mutations when providing genetic consulting, and prenatal diagnosis is important when the proband's parents become pregnant again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tengyu Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Lu
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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5
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Ankamreddy H, Thawani A, Birol O, Zhang H, Groves AK. Foxi3 GFP and Foxi3 CreER mice allow identification and lineage labeling of pharyngeal arch ectoderm and endoderm, and tooth and hair placodes. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:1462-1470. [PMID: 37543988 PMCID: PMC10841876 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FOXI3 is a forkhead family transcription factor that is expressed in the progenitors of craniofacial placodes, epidermal placodes, and the ectoderm and endoderm of the pharyngeal arch region. Loss of Foxi3 in mice and pathogenic Foxi3 variants in dogs and humans cause a variety of craniofacial defects including absence of the inner ear, severe truncations of the jaw, loss or reduction in external and middle ear structures, and defects in teeth and hair. RESULTS To allow for the identification, isolation, and lineage tracing of Foxi3-expressing cells in developing mice, we targeted the Foxi3 locus to create Foxi3GFP and Foxi3CreER mice. We show that Foxi3GFP mice faithfully recapitulate the expression pattern of Foxi3 mRNA at all ages examined, and Foxi3CreER mice can trace the derivatives of pharyngeal arch ectoderm and endoderm, the pharyngeal pouches and clefts that separate each arch, and the derivatives of hair and tooth placodes. CONCLUSIONS Foxi3GFP and Foxi3CreER mice are new tools that will be of use in identifying and manipulating pharyngeal arch ectoderm and endoderm and hair and tooth placodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinarayana Ankamreddy
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Current Address: Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Chennai. 603203
| | - Ankita Thawani
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Onur Birol
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Current Address: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Andrew K. Groves
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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6
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Robson CD. Conductive Hearing Loss in Children. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2023; 33:543-562. [PMID: 37741657 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
A variety of congenital and acquired disorders result in pediatric conductive hearing loss. Malformations of the external auditory canal are invariably associated with malformations of the middle ear space and ossicles. Isolated ossicular malformations are uncommon. Syndromes associated with external and middle ear malformations are frequently associated with abnormal development of first and second pharyngeal arch derivatives. Chronic inflammatory disorders include cholesteatoma, cholesterol granuloma, and tympanosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D Robson
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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7
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Burkhardt V, Hassepaß F, Offergeld C. [Medical examination: Preparation for ENT specialisation : Part 68]. HNO 2023; 71:744-749. [PMID: 37847377 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-023-01373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Burkhardt
- Klinik für Hals- Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland.
| | - Frederike Hassepaß
- Klinik für Hals- Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - Christian Offergeld
- Klinik für Hals- Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
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8
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D'Mello RJ, Kim AJH, Feist C, Sohaey R, Dukhovny S. Prenatal Diagnosis of Micrognathia. Neoreviews 2023; 24:e753-e762. [PMID: 37907406 DOI: 10.1542/neo.24-11-e753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul J D'Mello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Amanda J H Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Cori Feist
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Roya Sohaey
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Stephanie Dukhovny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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9
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Mirchi A, Guay SP, Tran LT, Wolf NI, Vanderver A, Brais B, Sylvain M, Pohl D, Rossignol E, Saito M, Moutton S, González-Gutiérrez-Solana L, Thiffault I, Kruer MC, Moron DG, Kauffman M, Goizet C, Sztriha L, Glamuzina E, Melançon SB, Naidu S, Retrouvey JM, Lacombe S, Bernardino-Cuesta B, De Bie I, Bernard G. Craniofacial features of POLR3-related leukodystrophy caused by biallelic variants in POLR3A, POLR3B and POLR1C. J Med Genet 2023; 60:1026-1034. [PMID: 37197783 PMCID: PMC10579516 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA polymerase III-related or 4H leukodystrophy (POLR3-HLD) is an autosomal recessive hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by neurological dysfunction, hypodontia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The disease is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in POLR3A, POLR3B, POLR1C or POLR3K. Craniofacial abnormalities reminiscent of Treacher Collins syndrome have been originally described in patients with POLR3-HLD caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in POLR1C. To date, no published studies have appraised in detail the craniofacial features of patients with POLR3-HLD. In this work, the specific craniofacial characteristics of patients with POLR3-HLD associated with biallelic pathogenic variants in POLR3A, POLR3B and POLR1C are described. METHODS The craniofacial features of 31 patients with POLR3-HLD were evaluated, and potential genotype-phenotype associations were evaluated. RESULTS Various craniofacial abnormalities were recognized in this patient cohort, with each individual presenting at least one craniofacial abnormality. The most frequently identified features included a flat midface (61.3%), a smooth philtrum (58.0%) and a pointed chin (51.6%). In patients with POLR3B biallelic variants, a thin upper lip was frequent. Craniofacial anomalies involving the forehead were most commonly associated with biallelic variants in POLR3A and POLR3B while a higher proportion of patients with POLR1C biallelic variants demonstrated bitemporal narrowing. CONCLUSION Through this study, we demonstrated that craniofacial abnormalities are common in patients with POLR3-HLD. This report describes in detail the dysmorphic features of POLR3-HLD associated with biallelic variants in POLR3A, POLR3B and POLR1C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amytice Mirchi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon-Pierre Guay
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luan T Tran
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicole I Wolf
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bernard Brais
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Sylvain
- Centre Mère Enfant, CHU de Québec, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniela Pohl
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elsa Rossignol
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside Medical Clinic, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Sebastien Moutton
- Centre Pluridisciplinaire de Diagnostic PréNatal, MSPBordeaux Bagatelle, Talence, France
| | - Luis González-Gutiérrez-Solana
- Sección de Neuropediatría, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, España; Grupo Clínico Vinculado al Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red para Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) GCV14/ER/6, Hospital Infantil Universitario Nino Jesus, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Departments of Child Health, Neurology, and Cellular & Molecular Medicine and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Programs in Neuroscience and Molecular & Cellular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Program, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Dolores Gonzales Moron
- Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital JM Ramos Mejia, ADC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Kauffman
- Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital JM Ramos Mejia and CONICET-Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Centre de Référence Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux University Hospital, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- NRGEN team, INCIA, CNRS UMR 5287, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - László Sztriha
- Department of Paediatrics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Emma Glamuzina
- Adult and Paediatric National Metabolic Service, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, Te Whatu Ora, New Zealand
| | - Serge B Melançon
- Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sakkubai Naidu
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Retrouvey
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Suzanne Lacombe
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Isabelle De Bie
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Li Q, Jiang Z, Zhang L, Cai S, Cai Z. Auriculocondylar syndrome: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and surgical therapies. J Formos Med Assoc 2023; 122:822-842. [PMID: 37208246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Auriculocondylar syndrome (ARCND) is a genetic and rare craniofacial condition caused by abnormal development of the first and second pharyngeal arches during the embryonic stage and is characterized by peculiar auricular malformations (question mark ears), mandibular condyle hypoplasia, micrognathia and other less-frequent features. GNAI3, PLCB4 and EDN1 have been identified as pathogenic genes in this syndrome so far, all of which are implicated in the EDN1-EDNRA signal pathway. Therefore, ARCND is genetically classified as ARCND1, ARCND2 and ARCND3 based on the mutations in GNAI3, PLCB4 and EDN1, respectively. ARCND is inherited in an autosomal dominant or recessive mode with significant intra- and interfamilial phenotypic variation and incomplete penetrance, rendering its diagnosis difficult and therapies individualized. To raise clinicians' awareness of the rare syndrome, we focused on the currently known pathogenesis, pathogenic genes, clinical manifestations and surgical therapies in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Siyuan Cai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhen Cai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China.
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11
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Luo S, Sun H, Bian Q, Liu Z, Wang X. The etiology, clinical features, and treatment options of hemifacial microsomia. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2449-2462. [PMID: 36648381 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The second most frequent craniomaxillofacial congenital deformity is hemifacial microsomia (HFM). Patients often accompany short mandible, ear dysplasia, facial nerve, and soft tissue dysplasia. The etiology of HFM is not fully understood. To organize the possible up-to-date information on the etiology, craniofacial phenotypes, and therapeutic alternatives in order to fully comprehend the HFM. Reviewing the potential causes, exploring the clinical features of HFM and summarizing the available treatment options. Vascular malformation, Meckel's cartilage abnormalities, and cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) abnormalities are three potential etiology hypotheses. The commonly used clinical classification for HFM is OMENS, OMENS-plus, and SAT. Other craniofacial anomalies, like dental defects, and zygomatic deformities, are still not precisely documented in the classification. Patients with moderate phenotypes may not need any treatment from infancy through adulthood. However, patients with severe HFM require to undergo multiple surgeries to address facial asymmetries, such as mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO), autologous costochondral rib graft (CCG), orthodontic and orthognathic treatment, and facial soft tissue reconstruction. It is anticipated that etiology research will examine the pathogenic mechanism of HFM. A precise treatment for HFM may be possible with thoroughly documented phenotypes and a pathogenic diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyuan Luo
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Bian
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixu Liu
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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李 勇, 池 文, 林 垦, 祖 金, 邵 华, 毛 志, 陈 泉, 马 静. [ TCOF1 Gene variation in Treacher Collins syndrome and evaluation of speech rehabilitation after bone bridge surgery]. LIN CHUANG ER BI YAN HOU TOU JING WAI KE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF CLINICAL OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, HEAD, AND NECK SURGERY 2023; 37:748-754. [PMID: 37640998 PMCID: PMC10722122 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective:By analyzing the clinical phenotypic characteristics and gene sequences of two patients with Treacher Collins syndrome(TCS), the biological causes of the disease were determined. Then discuss the therapeutic effect of hearing intervention after bone bridge implantation. Methods:All clinical data of the two family members were collected, and the patients signed the informed consent. The peripheral blood of the proband and family members was extracted, DNA was extracted for whole exome sequencing, and Sanger sequencing was performed on the family members for the mutation site.TCOF1genetic mutations analysis was performed on the paitents. Then, the hearing threshold and speech recognition rate of family 2 proband were evaluated and compared under the sound field between bare ear and wearing bone bridge. Results:In the two pedigrees, the probands of both families presented with auricle deformity, zygomatic and mandibular hypoplasia, micrognathia, hypotropia of the eye fissure, and hypoplasia of the medial eyelashes. The proband of Family 1 also presents with specific features including right-sided narrow anterior nasal aperture and dental hypoplasia, which were consistent with the clinical diagnosis of Treacher Collins syndrome. Genetic testing was conducted on both families, and two heterozygous mutations were identified in the TCOF1 gene: c. 1350_1351dupGG(p. A451Gfs*43) and c. 4362_4366del(p. K1457Efs*12), resulting in frameshift mutations in the amino acid sequence. Sanger sequencing validation of the TCOF1 gene in the parents of the proband in Family 1 did not detect any mutations. Proband 1 TCOF1 c. 1350_1351dupGG heterozygous variants have not been reported previously. The postoperative monosyllabic speech recognition rate of family 2 proband was 76%, the Categories of Auditory Performance(CAP) score was 6, and the Speech Intelligibility Rating(SIR) score was 4. Assessment using the Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale(MAIS) showed notable improvement in the patient's auditory perception, comprehension, and usage of hearing aids. Evaluation using the Glasgow Children's Benefit Inventory and quality of life assessment revealed significant improvements in the child's self care abilities, daily living and learning, social interactions, and psychological well being, as perceived by the parents. Conclusion:This study has elucidated the biological cause of Treacher Collins syndrome, enriched the spectrum of TCOF1 gene mutations in the Chinese population, and demonstrated that bone bridge implantation can improve the auditory and speech recognition rates in TCS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- 勇桦 李
- 昆明市儿童医院(昆明医科大学附属儿童医院)耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(昆明,650228)Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital[Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University], Kunming, 650228, China
| | - 文月 池
- 昆明市儿童医院(昆明医科大学附属儿童医院)耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(昆明,650228)Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital[Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University], Kunming, 650228, China
| | - 垦 林
- 昆明市儿童医院(昆明医科大学附属儿童医院)耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(昆明,650228)Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital[Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University], Kunming, 650228, China
| | - 金艳 祖
- 昆明市儿童医院(昆明医科大学附属儿童医院)耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(昆明,650228)Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital[Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University], Kunming, 650228, China
| | - 华 邵
- 昆明市儿童医院(昆明医科大学附属儿童医院)耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(昆明,650228)Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital[Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University], Kunming, 650228, China
| | - 志勇 毛
- 昆明市儿童医院(昆明医科大学附属儿童医院)耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(昆明,650228)Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital[Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University], Kunming, 650228, China
| | - 泉东 陈
- 昆明市儿童医院(昆明医科大学附属儿童医院)耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(昆明,650228)Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital[Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University], Kunming, 650228, China
| | - 静 马
- 昆明市儿童医院(昆明医科大学附属儿童医院)耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(昆明,650228)Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital[Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University], Kunming, 650228, China
- 昆明市儿童先天出生缺陷防控研究重点实验室Kunming Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Congenital Birth Defects of Children
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Hennocq Q, Bongibault T, Marlin S, Amiel J, Attie-Bitach T, Baujat G, Boutaud L, Carpentier G, Corre P, Denoyelle F, Djate Delbrah F, Douillet M, Galliani E, Kamolvisit W, Lyonnet S, Milea D, Pingault V, Porntaveetus T, Touzet-Roumazeille S, Willems M, Picard A, Rio M, Garcelon N, Khonsari RH. AI-based diagnosis in mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly using external ear shapes. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1171277. [PMID: 37664547 PMCID: PMC10469912 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1171277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mandibulo-Facial Dysostosis with Microcephaly (MFDM) is a rare disease with a broad spectrum of symptoms, characterized by zygomatic and mandibular hypoplasia, microcephaly, and ear abnormalities. Here, we aimed at describing the external ear phenotype of MFDM patients, and train an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based model to differentiate MFDM ears from non-syndromic control ears (binary classification), and from ears of the main differential diagnoses of this condition (multi-class classification): Treacher Collins (TC), Nager (NAFD) and CHARGE syndromes. Methods The training set contained 1,592 ear photographs, corresponding to 550 patients. We extracted 48 patients completely independent of the training set, with only one photograph per ear per patient. After a CNN-(Convolutional Neural Network) based ear detection, the images were automatically landmarked. Generalized Procrustes Analysis was then performed, along with a dimension reduction using PCA (Principal Component Analysis). The principal components were used as inputs in an eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model, optimized using a 5-fold cross-validation. Finally, the model was tested on an independent validation set. Results We trained the model on 1,592 ear photographs, corresponding to 1,296 control ears, 105 MFDM, 33 NAFD, 70 TC and 88 CHARGE syndrome ears. The model detected MFDM with an accuracy of 0.969 [0.838-0.999] (p < 0.001) and an AUC (Area Under the Curve) of 0.975 within controls (binary classification). Balanced accuracies were 0.811 [0.648-0.920] (p = 0.002) in a first multiclass design (MFDM vs. controls and differential diagnoses) and 0.813 [0.544-0.960] (p = 0.003) in a second multiclass design (MFDM vs. differential diagnoses). Conclusion This is the first AI-based syndrome detection model in dysmorphology based on the external ear, opening promising clinical applications both for local care and referral, and for expert centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Hennocq
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale MAFACE, Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratoire ‘Forme et Croissance du Crâne’, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bongibault
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Laboratoire ‘Forme et Croissance du Crâne’, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Marlin
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Tania Attie-Bitach
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Baujat
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lucile Boutaud
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Georges Carpentier
- CHU Lille, Inserm, Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Stomatologie, U1008-Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterial, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Corre
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, INSERM U1229—Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton RMeS, Nantes, France
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nantes University, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Françoise Denoyelle
- Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Eva Galliani
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale MAFACE, Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Wuttichart Kamolvisit
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dan Milea
- Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Véronique Pingault
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sandrine Touzet-Roumazeille
- CHU Lille, Inserm, Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Stomatologie, U1008-Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterial, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marjolaine Willems
- Département de Génétique Clinique, CHRU de Montpellier, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Picard
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale MAFACE, Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marlène Rio
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Roman H. Khonsari
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale MAFACE, Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratoire ‘Forme et Croissance du Crâne’, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Alexander NL, McLennan A, Silva RC, Hosek K, Liu YCC. Vertebral Anomalies in Microtia Patients at a Tertiary Pediatric Care Center. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 169:367-373. [PMID: 36805618 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microtia is a congenital condition known to be associated with vertebral anomalies and congenital syndromes, most prominently hemifacial microsomia. There is controversy, however, on whether to screen with spinal imaging. Additionally, microtia ear reconstruction utilizes rib harvesting that could potentially worsen pre-existing vertebral and rib anomalies, specifically scoliosis. We report on the prevalence and characteristics of vertebral anomalies among microtia patients at a tertiary pediatric center. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case review with literature review. SETTING Tertiary pediatric referral center. METHODS A review of 425 children with microtia was conducted, characterized as either syndromic or nonsyndromic. Data included demographics, spinal imaging performed, indications, anomalies detected, and microtia repair. RESULTS Among 425 microtia patients, 24.5% were syndromic with an average age of 9.7 years. Only 18.4% of all patients had spinal imaging performed (50% syndromic vs 8.1% nonsyndromic). Overall, 10.6% had a vertebral anomaly with a 57.7% detection rate (67.3% syndromic vs 38.5% nonsyndromic). The most common anomaly was scoliosis, with a prevalence of 7.8%. Fusion defects and rib deformities were the next most prominent. Microtia repair, most commonly with an autologous rib graft, was performed in 21.6% of the cohort. However, only 19.2% had spinal imaging and 16.7% with a vertebral anomaly. CONCLUSION Children with microtia are at a greater risk of vertebral abnormalities. Scoliosis prevalence in isolated microtia is comparable to the general population (2%-3%) but greatly increased with genetic syndromes. Screening for vertebral anomalies should be considered when planning microtia reconstructions, especially in the syndromic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Alexander
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo C Silva
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kathleen Hosek
- Department of Quality, Outcomes, & Analytics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yi-Chun C Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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Vilma Fidélis-da Silva L, Henrique Kiemle-Trindade S, Noel Marzano-Rodrigues M, Hollara Medeiros L, Tonello C, Kiemle Trindade-Suedam I. Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults with Treacher Collins Syndrome is Related with Altered Anthropometric Measurements, Increased Blood Pressure and Impaired Quality of Life. Sleep Sci 2023; 16:139-147. [PMID: 37425978 PMCID: PMC10325840 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed at evaluating the risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its frequency in adults with Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS). The association of OSA with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), respiratory symptoms, and clinical variables was also assessed. Material and Methods The subjects were prospectively screened for OSA through the Berlin Questionnaire and type I polysomnography. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Respiratory Symptoms Questionnaire were used for assessing OSA-related symptoms. Quality of life was assessed by means of the Short Form 36 Health Survey. Results The sample comprised 20 adults with TCS (55.0% female), aged 22.6 ± 5.8 years. Mean values of systemic blood pressure (113.0 ± 12.6/68.0 ± 9.5mmHg), body mass index (22.9 ± 5.9kg/m 2 ), neck (34.1 ± 4.3cm), and waist circumference (80.4 ± 13.6cm) characterized the sample. A high risk for OSA was detected in 35% of the sample. Polysomnography results indicated an OSA frequency of 44.4%, with a median apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) value of 3.8 events/hour (minimum = 0.2; maximum = 77.5). Snoring (75.0%), nasal obstruction (70.0%) and EDS (20.0%) were the reported OSA-related symptoms. Quality of life median scores were 72.3 points (minimum = 45.0; maximum = 91.1). Strong positive correlations between AHI versus waist circumference and AHI versus systolic blood pressure were found. Moderate positive correlations between AHI versus body mass index and AHI versus neck circumference were detected. Negative correlation between AHI versus vitality were also observed. Conclusion Adults with TCS are at high risk for OSA, which is associated with respiratory symptoms, altered anthropometric measurements, increased systolic pressure and impairment of quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leide Vilma Fidélis-da Silva
- Sleep and Functional Imaging Units, Laboratory of Physiology, University of Sao Paulo, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Henrique Kiemle-Trindade
- Sleep and Functional Imaging Units, Laboratory of Physiology, University of Sao Paulo, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Bauru, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Noel Marzano-Rodrigues
- Sleep and Functional Imaging Units, Laboratory of Physiology, University of Sao Paulo, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Bauru, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Laís Hollara Medeiros
- Sleep and Functional Imaging Units, Laboratory of Physiology, University of Sao Paulo, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Tonello
- Hospitalar Department, University of Sao Paulo, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivy Kiemle Trindade-Suedam
- Sleep and Functional Imaging Units, Laboratory of Physiology, University of Sao Paulo, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Bauru, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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16
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Kini U. Genetics and orofacial clefts: a clinical perspective. Br Dent J 2023; 234:947-952. [PMID: 37349452 PMCID: PMC10287552 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-5994-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are the most common congenital craniofacial anomaly seen in humans. Most OFCs are sporadic and isolated - these are thought to be multifactorial in origin. Chromosomal and monogenic variants account for the syndromic forms and for some of the non-syndromic inherited forms. This review discusses the importance of genetic testing and the current clinical strategy to deliver a genomics service that is of direct benefit to patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Kini
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals, UK; Spires Cleft Service, Oxford University Hospitals, UK; NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
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17
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Bitarafan F, Razmara E, Jafarinia E, Almadani N, Garshasbi M. A biallelic variant in POLR2C is associated with congenital hearing loss and male infertility: Case report. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e13946. [PMID: 36576366 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit 3 (RPB3) is the third largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and is encoded by the POLR2C (OMIM:180663). A large Iranian family with congenital hearing loss and infertility is described here with genetic and clinical characterizations of five male patients. METHODS After doing clinical examinations, the proband was subjected to karyotyping and GJB2/6 sequencing to rule out the most evident chromosomal and gene abnormalities for male infertility and hearing loss, respectively. A custom-designed next-generation sequencing panel was also used to detect mutations in deafness-related genes. Finally, to reveal the underlying molecular cause(s) justifying hearing loss and male infertility, five male patients and 2 healthy male controls within the family were subjected to paired-end whole-exome sequencing (WES). Linkage analysis was also performed based on the data. RESULTS All male patients showed prelingual sensorineural hearing loss and also decreased sperm motility. Linkage analysis determined 16q21 as the most susceptible locus in which a missense variant in exon 7 of POLR2C-NM_032940.3:c.545T>C;p.(Val182Ala)-was identified as a 'likely pathogenic' variant co-segregated with phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Using segregation and in silico analyses, for the first time, we suggested that the NM_032940.3:c.545T>C; p.(Val182Ala) in POLR2C is associated with hearing loss and male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bitarafan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, DeNA Laboratory, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Razmara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Teheran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Jafarinia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Teheran, Iran
| | - Navid Almadani
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Teheran, Iran
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Lafita-Navarro MC, Conacci-Sorrell M. Nucleolar stress: From development to cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 136:64-74. [PMID: 35410715 PMCID: PMC9883801 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The nucleolus is a large nuclear membraneless organelle responsible for ribosome biogenesis. Ribosomes are cytoplasmic macromolecular complexes comprising RNA and proteins that link amino acids together to form new proteins. The biogenesis of ribosomes is an intricate multistep process that involves the transcription of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), the processing of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and the assembly of rRNA with ribosomal proteins to form active ribosomes. Nearly all steps necessary for ribosome production and maturation occur in the nucleolus. Nucleolar shape, size, and number are directly linked to ribosome biogenesis. Errors in the steps of ribosomal biogenesis are sensed by the nucleolus causing global alterations in nucleolar function and morphology. This phenomenon, known as nucleolar stress, can lead to molecular changes such as stabilization of p53, which in turn activates cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. In this review, we discuss recent work on the association of nucleolar stress with degenerative diseases and developmental defects. In addition, we highlight the importance of de novo nucleotide biosynthesis for the enhanced nucleolar activity of cancer cells and discuss targeting nucleotide biosynthesis as a strategy to activate nucleolar stress to specifically target cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Lafita-Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Maralice Conacci-Sorrell
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.
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Tarang T, Vagha K, Kiran A, Singh K. A Possible Incomplete Form of Treacher Collins Syndrome: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e30203. [PMID: 36381924 PMCID: PMC9650923 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is a rare genetic disorder that affects craniofacial development due to malformation of the first and second branchial arches. The TCOF1 gene is mainly responsible for this condition. Here, we present a case of a 13-year-old adolescent girl with complaints of maligned teeth with conductive deafness. On clinical examination, she had retrognathia, a broad nose, maligned teeth, a high arch palate, and midfacial hypoplasia. On the basis of the clinical findings, a diagnosis of a mild-variant TCS was made as eyes were not involved and supportive treatment was given to the patient. The symptoms of the disease have a varying range of severity. Early diagnosis and supportive treatments, which include multidisciplinary treatment involving pediatrics, otolaryngologists, audiologists, orthodontists, and psychologists, are very important for the management of such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Tarang
- Paediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University (DU), Wardha, IND
| | - Keta Vagha
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University (DU), Wardha, IND
| | - Adithya Kiran
- Pediatrics and Child Health, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University (DU), Wardha, IND
| | - Kushagra Singh
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University (DU), Wardha, IND
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