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Das S, Sarkar S. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal contribution towards plant resilience to drought conditions. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2024; 5:1355999. [PMID: 38434188 PMCID: PMC10904651 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2024.1355999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Climate changes cause altering rainfall patterns resulting in an increase in drought occurrences globally. These events are disrupting plants and agricultural productivity. To evade droughts, plants try to adapt and modify in the best capacities possible. The plants have adapted by structurally modifying roots, stems, and leaves, as well as modifying functions. Lately, the association of microbial communities with plants has also been proven to be an important factor in aiding resilience. The fungal representatives of the microbial community also help safeguard the plants against drought. We discuss how these fungi associate with plants and contribute to evading drought stress. We specifically focus on Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) mediated mechanisms involving antioxidant defenses, phytohormone mediations, osmotic adjustments, proline expressions, fungal water absorption and transport, morphological modifications, and photosynthesis. We believe understanding the mechanisms would help us to optimize the use of fungi in agricultural practices. That way we could better prepare the plants for the anticipated future drought events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Das
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Soumyadev Sarkar
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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Chen Y, Du T, Zhang J, Chen S, Fu J, Li H, Yang Q. Genes and pathways correlated with heat stress responses and heat tolerance in maize kernels. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1228213. [PMID: 37662159 PMCID: PMC10470023 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1228213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Global warming leads to frequent extreme weather, especially the extreme heat events, which threating the safety of maize production. Here we selected a pair of maize inbred lines, PF5411-1 and LH150, with significant differences in heat tolerance at kernel development stage. The two maize inbred lines were treated with heat stress at kernel development stage. Compared with the control groups, transcriptomic analysis identified 770 common up- and down-regulated genes between PF5411-1 and LH150 under heat stress conditions, and 41 putative TFs were predicted. Based on the interaction term of the two-factorial design, we also identified 6,744 differentially regulated genes between LH150 and PF5411-1, 111 common up-regulated and 141 common down-regulated genes were overlapped with the differentially regulated genes, respectively. Combined with proteins and metabolites data, several key pathways including seven differentially regulated genes were highly correlated with the heat tolerance of maize kernels. The first is the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway ko04141: protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, four small heat shock protein (sHSP) genes were enriched in this pathway, participating with the process of ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The second one is the myricetin biosynthesis pathway, a differentially regulated protein, flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase [EC:1.14.14.81], catalyzed the synthesis of myricetin. The third one is the raffinose metabolic pathway, one differentially regulated gene encoded the raffinose synthase controlled the synthesis of raffinose, high level of raffinose enhances the heat tolerance of maize kernels. And the last one is the ethylene signaling pathway. Taken together, our work identifies many genes responded to heat stress in maize kernels, and finds out seven genes and four pathways highly correlated with heat tolerance of maize kernels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Tingting Du
- Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Junjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
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Xie K, Guo J, Wang S, Ye W, Sun F, Zhang C, Xi Y. Genome-wide identification, classification, and expression analysis of heat shock transcription factor family in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107848. [PMID: 37392668 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Switchgrass is one of the most promising bioenergy crops and is generally cultivated in arid climates and poor soils. Heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) are key regulators of plant responses to abiotic and biotic stressors. However, their role and mechanism of action in switchgrass have not been elucidated. Hence, this study aimed to identify the Hsf family in switchgrass and understand its functional role in heat stress signal transduction and heat tolerance by using bioinformatics and RT-PCR analysis. Forty-eight PvHsfs were identified and divided into three main classes based on their gene structure and phylogenetic relationships: HsfA, HsfB, and HsfC. The results of the bioinformatics analysis showed a DNA-binding domain (DBD) at the N-terminal in PvHsfs, and they were not evenly distributed on all chromosomes except for chromosomes 8 N and 8 K. Many cis-elements related to plant development, stress responses, and plant hormones were identified in the promoter sequence of each PvHsf. Segmental duplication is the primary force underlying Hsf family expansion in switchgrass. The results of the expression pattern of PvHsfs in response to heat stress showed that PvHsf03 and PvHsf25 might play critical roles in the early and late stages of switchgrass response to heat stress, respectively, and HsfB mainly showed a negative response to heat stress. Ectopic expression of PvHsf03 in Arabidopsis significantly increased the heat resistance of seedlings. Overall, our research lays a notable foundation for studying the regulatory network in response to deleterious environments and for further excavating tolerance genes in switchgrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunliang Xie
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Jinliang Guo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shaoyu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenjie Ye
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fengli Sun
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yajun Xi
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Pan C, Zhou Y, Yao L, Yu L, Qiao Z, Tang M, Wei F. Amomum tsaoko DRM1 regulate seed germination and improve heat tolerance in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 286:154007. [PMID: 37209458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy and germination are critical to medicinal plant reproduction. Dormancy-associated gene (DRM1) has been involved in the regulation of dormancy in Arabidopsis meristematic tissues or organs. However, research on molecular functions and regulations of DRM1 in Amomum tsaoko, an important medicinal plant, is rare. In this study, the DRM1 was isolated from embryos of A. tsaoko, and the results of protein subcellular localization in Arabidopsis protoplast indicated that DRM1 was mainly nucleus and cytoplasm. Expression analysis showed that DRM1 especially exhibited the highest transcript level in dormant seed and short-time stratification while displaying a high response of hormone and abiotic stress. Further investigation showed that ectopic expression of DRM1 in Arabidopsis exhibited delayed seed germination and germination capability to high temperatures. Additionally, DRM1 transgenic Arabidopsis exhibited increased tolerance to heat stress by enhancing antioxidative capacities and regulating stress-associated genes (AtHsp25.3-P, AtHsp18.2-CI, AtHsp70B, AtHsp101, AtGolS1, AtMBF1c, AtHsfA2, AtHsfB1 and AtHsfB2). Overall, our results reveal the role of DRM1 in seed germination and abiotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliu Pan
- Guangxi TCM Resources General Survey and Data Collection Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China.
| | - Yunyi Zhou
- Guangxi TCM Resources General Survey and Data Collection Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China.
| | - Lixiang Yao
- Guangxi TCM Resources General Survey and Data Collection Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China.
| | - Liying Yu
- Guangxi TCM Resources General Survey and Data Collection Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China.
| | - Zhu Qiao
- Guangxi Medicinal Resources Conservation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, 530023, Nanning, China.
| | - Meiqiong Tang
- Guangxi Medicinal Resources Conservation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, 530023, Nanning, China.
| | - Fan Wei
- Guangxi Medicinal Resources Conservation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, 530023, Nanning, China.
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Tang C, Shen Q, Fu J, Wang Q. Maize Transcription Factor ZmHsf28 Positively Regulates Plant Drought Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098079. [PMID: 37175787 PMCID: PMC10179534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of central genes governing plant drought tolerance is fundamental to molecular breeding and crop improvement. Here, maize transcription factor ZmHsf28 is identified as a positive regulator of plant drought responses. ZmHsf28 exhibited inducible gene expression in response to drought and other abiotic stresses. Overexpression of ZmHsf28 diminished drought effects in Arabidopsis and maize. Gene silencing of ZmHsf28 via the technology of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) impaired maize drought tolerance. Overexpression of ZmHsf28 increased jasmonate (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) production in transgenic maize and Arabidopsis by more than two times compared to wild-type plants under drought conditions, while it decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and elevated stomatal sensitivity significantly. Transcriptomic analysis revealed extensive gene regulation by ZmHsf28 with upregulation of JA and ABA biosynthesis genes, ROS scavenging genes, and other drought related genes. ABA treatment promoted ZmHsf28 regulation of downstream target genes. Specifically, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay indicated that ZmHsf28 directly bound to the target gene promoters to regulate their gene expression. Taken together, our work provided new and solid evidence that ZmHsf28 improves drought tolerance both in the monocot maize and the dicot Arabidopsis through the implication of JA and ABA signaling and other signaling pathways, shedding light on molecular breeding for drought tolerance in maize and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qinqin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jingye Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Ma WY, Qin QY, Zou YN, Kuča K, Giri B, Wu QS, Hashem A, Al-Arjani ABF, Almutairi KF, Abd_Allah EF, Xu YJ. Arbuscular mycorrhiza induces low oxidative burst in drought-stressed walnut through activating antioxidant defense systems and heat shock transcription factor expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1089420. [PMID: 36523633 PMCID: PMC9745176 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1089420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have important roles in enhancing drought tolerance of host plants, but it is not clear whether and how AMF increase drought tolerance in walnut (Juglans regia). We hypothesized that AMF could activate antioxidant defense systems and heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) transcription levels to alleviate oxidative damage caused by drought. The walnut variety 'Liaohe No. 1' was inoculated with Diversispora spurca and exposed to well-watered (WW, 75% of the maximum soil water capacity) and drought stress (DS, 50% of the maximum soil water capacity) for 6 weeks. Plant growth, antioxidant defense systems, and expressions of five JrHsfs in leaves were studied. Such drought treatment inhibited root mycorrhizal colonization, while plant growth performance was still improved by AMF inoculation. Mycorrhizal fungal inoculation triggered the increase in soluble protein, glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (ASC), and total ASC contents and ascorbic peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities, along with lower hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion radical (O2 •-), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, compared with non-inoculation under drought. Mycorrhizal plants also recorded higher peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities than non-mycorrhizal plants under drought. The expression of JrHsf03, JrHsf05, JrHsf20, JrHsf22, and JrHsf24 was up-regulated under WW by AMF, while the expression of JrHsf03, JrHsf22, and JrHsf24 were up-regulated only under drought by AMF. It is concluded that D. spurca induced low oxidative burst in drought-stressed walnut through activating antioxidant defense systems and part Hsfs expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ya Ma
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Qiu-Yun Qin
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Ying-Ning Zou
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Bhoopander Giri
- Department of Botany, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Qiang-Sheng Wu
- Tibet Plateau Walnut Industry Research Institute/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid F. Almutairi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yong-Jie Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
- Hubei Academy of Forestry, Wuhan, China
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Bi H, Miao J, He J, Chen Q, Qian J, Li H, Xu Y, Ma D, Zhao Y, Tian X, Liu W. Characterization of the Wheat Heat Shock Factor TaHsfA2e-5D Conferring Heat and Drought Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052784. [PMID: 35269925 PMCID: PMC8911409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental stresses, especially heat and drought, severely limit plant growth and negatively affect wheat yield and quality worldwide. Heat shock factors (Hsfs) play a central role in regulating plant responses to various stresses. In this study, the wheat heat shock factor gene TaHsfA2e-5D on chromosome 5D was isolated and functionally characterized, with the goal of investigating its role in responses to heat and drought stresses. Gene expression profiling showed that TaHsfA2e-5D was expressed constitutively in various wheat tissues, most highly in roots at the reproductive stage. The expression of TaHsfA2e-5D was highly up-regulated in wheat seedlings by heat, cold, drought, high salinity, and multiple phytohormones. The TaHsfA2e-5D protein was localized in the nucleus and showed a transcriptional activation activity. Ectopic expression of the TaHsfA2e-5D in yeast exhibited improved thermotolerance. Overexpression of the TaHsfA2e-5D in Arabidopsis results in enhanced tolerance to heat and drought stresses. Furthermore, RT-qPCR analyses revealed that TaHsfA2e-5D functions through increasing the expression of Hsp genes and other stress-related genes, including APX2 and GolS1. Collectively, these results suggest that TaHsfA2e-5D functions as a positive regulator of plants’ responses to heat and drought stresses, which may be of great significance for understanding and improving environmental stress tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Bi
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.B.); (J.M.); (J.H.); (Q.C.); (J.Q.); (H.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Jingnan Miao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.B.); (J.M.); (J.H.); (Q.C.); (J.Q.); (H.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Jinqiu He
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.B.); (J.M.); (J.H.); (Q.C.); (J.Q.); (H.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Qifan Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.B.); (J.M.); (J.H.); (Q.C.); (J.Q.); (H.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Jiajun Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.B.); (J.M.); (J.H.); (Q.C.); (J.Q.); (H.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Huanhuan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.B.); (J.M.); (J.H.); (Q.C.); (J.Q.); (H.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China; (Y.X.); (D.M.)
| | - Dan Ma
- College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China; (Y.X.); (D.M.)
| | - Yue Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.B.); (J.M.); (J.H.); (Q.C.); (J.Q.); (H.L.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.T.)
| | - Xuejun Tian
- College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China; (Y.X.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.T.)
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.B.); (J.M.); (J.H.); (Q.C.); (J.Q.); (H.L.); (W.L.)
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