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Cross-Over Pathogenic Bacteria Detected in Infected Tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) and Peppers ( Capsicum annuum L.) in Bulgaria. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121507. [PMID: 36558841 PMCID: PMC9783152 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of certain human pathogens to adapt to plants without losing their virulence toward people is a major concern today. Thus, the aim of the present work was the investigation of the presence of cross-over pathogenic bacteria in infected tomato and pepper plants. The objects of the study were 21 samples from seven different parts of the plants and three from tomato rhizosphere. In total, 26 strains were isolated, identified by MALDI-TOF, and phenotypically characterized. The PCR amplification of the rpoB gene was applied as an approach for the rapid detection of cross-over pathogens in plant samples. A great bacterial diversity was revealed from tomato samples as nine species were identified (Leclercia adecarboxylata, Pseudesherichia vulneris, Enterobacter cancerogenus, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter bugandensis, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Pantoea agglomerans, Pantoea ananatis, and Pectobacterium carotovorum). Polymicrobial contaminations were observed in samples T2 (tomato flower) and T10 (tomato fruit). Five species were identified from pepper samples (P. agglomerans, L. adecarboxylata, Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas putida, and Enterococcus sp.). Antibiotic resistance patterns were assigned in accordance with EFSA recommendations. All isolates showed varying resistance to the tested antibiotics. The genetic basis for the phenotypic antibiotic resistance was not revealed. No genes for the virulence factors were found among the population. To our knowledge, this is the first overall investigation of tomato and pepper cross-over pathogenic bacterial populations in Bulgaria.
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Behl A, Nair A, Mohagaonkar S, Yadav P, Gambhir K, Tyagi N, Sharma RK, Butola BS, Sharma N. Threat, challenges, and preparedness for future pandemics: A descriptive review of phylogenetic analysis based predictions. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 98:105217. [PMID: 35065303 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
For centuries the world has been confronted with many infectious diseases, with a potential to turn into a pandemic posing a constant threat to human lives. Some of these pandemics occurred due to the emergence of new disease or re-emergence of previously known diseases with a few mutations. In such scenarios their optimal prevention and control options were not adequately developed. Most of these diseases are highly contagious and for their timely control, knowledge about the pathogens and disease progression is the basic necessity. In this review, we have presented a documented chronology of the earlier pandemics, evolutionary analysis of the infectious disease with pandemic potential, the role of RNA, difficulties in controlling pandemics, and the likely pathogens that could trigger future pandemics. In this study, the evolutionary history of the pathogens was identified by carrying out phylogenetic analysis. The percentage similarity between different infectious diseases is critically analysed for the identification of their correlation using online sequence matcher tools. The Baltimore classification system was used for finding the genomic nature of the viruses. It was observed that most of the infectious pathogens rise from their animal hosts with some mutations in their genome composition. The phylogenetic tree shows that the single-stranded RNA diseases have a common origin and many of them are having high similarity percentage. The outcomes of this study will help in the identification of potential pathogens that can cause future pandemics. This information will be helpful in the development of early detection techniques, devising preventive mechanism to limit their spread, prophylactic measures, Infection control and therapeutic options, thereby, strengthening our approach towards global preparedness against future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanpreet Behl
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard Univeristy, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ashrit Nair
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Sanika Mohagaonkar
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Kirtida Gambhir
- Stem cell and Gene Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Nishant Tyagi
- Stem cell and Gene Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sharma
- Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, 162, Poonamallee High Road, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bhupendra Singh Butola
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Navneet Sharma
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India.
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Bashir A, Sun Y, Yu X, Sun X, Li L. Nematicidal effects of 2-methyl-aconitate isomerase from the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae MB03 on the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 185:107669. [PMID: 34560108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenicity of a common phytopathogenic bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae, against animal model hosts, such as mice and Caenorhabditis elegans, has been recently revealed. However, most of the virulence determinants associated with pathogenesis remain elusive. In the current study, we performed predictive analysis of virulence factors against C. elegans in the genome of the wild-type P. syringae strain MB03. Nine predicted nematicidal proteins were expressed and purified in recombinant Escherichia coli strains and were evaluated to define their toxicity against C. elegans in liquid killing assays. Next, we focused on one essential 2-methyl citrate cycle protein, PrpF03, which showed the highest lethal activity against C. elegans compared to the other tested proteins with a half lethal concentration (LC50) of 155.3 (123.4-176.6) µg mL-1 and a half lethal time (LT50) of 3.72 (1.64-4.85) days. Purified PrpF03 also caused adverse effects on the brood size, growth, and motility of C. elegans. Moreover, the PrpF03 protein exhibited pathological activity towards the intestinal tract of C. elegans. We surmise that the PrpF03 protein functions as a virulence factor when it blocks the average circulation of the 2-methyl citrate cycle of C. elegans by accumulating 2-methyl citrate in the gut of C. elegans, which damages and restrains the growth of intestinal tissues that ultimately kill C. elegans. The discovery of specific nematicidal activities of PrpF03 provides a better understanding of the mechanisms of phytopathogenic P. syringae against nematodes and could aid in developing nematode pest-controlling agents in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Bashir
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaowen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Lee HH, Park J, Jung H, Seo YS. Pan-Genome Analysis Reveals Host-Specific Functional Divergences in Burkholderia gladioli. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1123. [PMID: 34067383 PMCID: PMC8224644 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia gladioli has high versatility and adaptability to various ecological niches. Here, we constructed a pan-genome using 14 genome sequences of B. gladioli, which originate from different niches, including gladiolus, rice, humans, and nature. Functional roles of core and niche-associated genomes were investigated by pathway enrichment analyses. Consequently, we inferred the uniquely important role of niche-associated genomes in (1) selenium availability during competition with gladiolus host; (2) aromatic compound degradation in seed-borne and crude oil-accumulated environments, and (3) stress-induced DNA repair system/recombination in the cystic fibrosis-niche. We also identified the conservation of the rhizomide biosynthetic gene cluster in all the B. gladioli strains and the concentrated distribution of this cluster in human isolates. It was confirmed the absence of complete CRISPR/Cas system in both plant and human pathogenic B. gladioli and the presence of the system in B. gladioli living in nature, possibly reflecting the inverse relationship between CRISPR/Cas system and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Hee Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.-H.L.); (J.P.); (H.J.)
| | - Jungwook Park
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.-H.L.); (J.P.); (H.J.)
- Environmental Microbiology Research Team, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju 37242, Korea
| | - Hyejung Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.-H.L.); (J.P.); (H.J.)
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.-H.L.); (J.P.); (H.J.)
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Predatory and biocontrol potency of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus toward phytopathogenic strains of Pantoea sp. and Xanthomonas campestris in the presence of exo-biopolymers: in vitro and in vivo assessments. Int Microbiol 2021; 24:399-413. [PMID: 33956240 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bdellovibrios are predatory bacteria that invade other live Gram-negative bacterial cells for growth and reproduction. They have recently been considered as potential living antibiotics and biocontrol agents. In this study, the predatory activity and biocontrol potency of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strain SOIR-1 against Pantoea sp. strain BCCS and Xanthomonas campestris, two exo-biopolymer-producing phytopathogens, was evaluated. Plaque formation assays and lysis analysis in the broth co-cultures were used for the in vitro evaluation of bacteriolytic activity of strain SOIR-1. The in vivo biocontrol potential of strain SOIR-1 was evaluated by pathogenicity tests on the onion bulbs and potato tuber slices. The phytopathogens were also recovered from the infected plant tissues and confirmed using biochemical tests and PCR-based 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Typical bdellovibrios plaques were developed on the lawn cultures of Pantoea sp. BCCS and X. campestris. The killing rate of strain SOIR-1 toward Pantoea sp. BCCS and X. campestris was 84.3% and 76.3%, respectively. Exo-biopolymers attenuated the predation efficiency of strain SOIR-1 up to 10.2-18.2% (Pantoea sp. BCCS) and 12.2-17.3% (X. campestris). The strain SOIR-1 significantly reduced rotting symptoms in the onion bulbs caused by Pantoea sp. BCCS (69.0%) and potato tuber slices caused by X. campestris (73.1%). Although more field assessments are necessary, strain SOIR-1 has the preliminary potential as a biocontrol agent against phytopathogenic Pantoea sp. BCCS and X. campestris, especially in postharvest storage. Due to the particular physicochemical properties of evaluated exo-biopolymers, they can be used in the designing encapsulation systems for delivery of bdellovibrios.
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Kim HJ, Kim YC. Complete Genome Resource of Serratia plymuthica C-1 that Causes Root Rot Disease in Korean Ginseng. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:202-204. [PMID: 32697179 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-20-1154-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Serratia plymuthica C-1, a biocontrol agent, was isolated from soil collected from a mountain forest in Korea. Previous studies have shown that certain strains of S. plymuthica cause root rot disease in ginseng. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the sequence of the circular chromosome of S. plymuthica C-1, which plays a dual role by causing root rot in ginseng and exhibiting biocontrol activity. The findings of this study will assist in analyzing the genes associated with the pathogenicity and biocontrol properties of S. plymuthica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jeong Kim
- Environment-Friendly Agricultural Research Institute, Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Naju 58213, Korea
| | - Young Cheol Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Mustafa A, Ibrahim M, Rasheed MA, Kanwal S, Hussain A, Sami A, Ahmed R, Bo Z. Genome-wide Analysis of Four Enterobacter cloacae complex type strains: Insights into Virulence and Niche Adaptation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8150. [PMID: 32424332 PMCID: PMC7235008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterobacter cloacae complex (Ecc) species are widely distributed opportunistic pathogens mainly associated with humans and plants. In this study, the genomes of clinical isolates including E. hormaechei, E. kobei, and E. ludwigii and non-clinical isolate including E. nimipressuralis were analysed in combination with the genome of E. asburiae by using the reference strain E. cloacae subsp. cloacae ATCC 13047; the Ecc strains were tested on artificial sputum media (ASM), which mimics the host, to evaluate T6SS genes as a case study. All five Ecc strains were sequenced in our lab. Comparative genome analysis of the Ecc strains revealed that genes associated with the survival of Ecc strains, including genes of metal-requiring proteins, defence-associated genes and genes associated with general physiology, were highly conserved in the genomes. However, the genes involved in virulence and drug resistance, specifically those involved in bacterial secretion, host determination and colonization of different strains, were present in different genomic regions. For example, T6SS accessory and core components, T4SS, and multidrug resistance genes/efflux system genes seemed vital for the survival of Ecc strains in various environmental niches, such as humans and plants. Moreover, the ASM host-mimicking growth medium revealed significantly high expression of T6SS genes, including PrpC, which is a regulatory gene of the T6SS, in all tested Ecc strains compared to the control medium. The variations in T6SS gene expression in ASM vs. control showed that the ASM system represents a simple, reproducible and economical alternative to animal models for studies such as those aimed at understanding the divergence of Ecc populations. In summary, genome sequencing of clinical and environmental Ecc genomes will assist in understanding the epidemiology of Ecc strains, including the isolation, virulence characteristics, prevention and treatment of infectious disease caused by these broad-host-range niche-associated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areeqa Mustafa
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Rasheed
- Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Kanwal
- Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Annam Hussain
- Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Asma Sami
- Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Raza Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Zhu Bo
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Hussain A, Shahbaz M, Tariq M, Ibrahim M, Hong X, Naeem F, Khalid Z, Raza HMZ, Bo Z, Bin L. Genome re-seqeunce and analysis of Burkholderia glumae strain AU6208 and evidence of toxoflavin: A potential bacterial toxin. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 86:107245. [PMID: 32172200 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia glumae, the primary causative agent of bacterial panicle blight in rice, has been reported as an opportunistic pathogen in patients with chronic infections. This study aimed to re-sequence the clinical isolate B. glumae strain AU6208 and comparatively analyze its genome using B. glumae strain BGR1 from rice plant as the reference. Re-sequencing results revealed that the genome of strain AU6208 comprised 96 contigs corresponding to a 6.1 Mbp genome of the strain AU6208, with 5322 coding sequences and 68.2 % GC content; this is much larger compared to the genome previously sequenced by us and described by Seo et al (2015), which was reported to be 4.1 Mbp comprising >1200 contigs, 4361 coding sequences, and 67.31 % GC content. Moreover, this updated genome shares >80 % identity to the 7.2 Mbp genome of BGR1, which encodes 6491 coding sequences and has 68.3 % GC content. Further computational analysis revealed that the strain AU6208 encodes several bacteriocin biosynthesis genes, antibiotic, as well as virulent genes such as toxoflavin genes, which included 425 specialty genes and 12 toxoflavin genes. Upon further characterization, 12 toxoflavins (ToxA, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, TofI, and TofR) were found in AU6208 with 70-100 % sequence, family, and domain similarity with that of BGR1. Upon comparison with BGR1, the structural characterizations of selected toxoflavin genes (ToxB, ToxC, ToxG, H, and TofI) revealed variations in 2D and 3D structures such as differences in α-helix, β-sheets, loops, physiological properties of proteins, RMSD values, etc. These variations may play significant role in different mode of action in different hosts thereby indicating that in addition to their respective hosts, toxoflavins could also contribute to exploit other hosts across the kingdom. In addition to understanding the epidemiology of strain AU6208, this updated genomics data will also unfold the pathogenicity of bacteria in diversity of various hosts and anti-virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annam Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Pakistan
| | - Maham Shahbaz
- Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Pakistan
| | - Maria Tariq
- Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Pakistan
| | - Xianxian Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Faryal Naeem
- Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Pakistan
| | - Zunera Khalid
- Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Zeeshan Raza
- Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Pakistan
| | - Zhu Bo
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Bin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Formation of Indoleacetic Acid by Enterbacteria Pathogenic for Human. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2019. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2019-4.5.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. At present, the problem of plant colonization by bacteria pathogenic for human is of particular interest. Among the bacteria capable of polyhostality, species of the Enterobacteriaceae family, which includes both phytopathogenic and human pathogens, are of particular interest. Fruits and vegetables contaminated with such pathogens have been shown to be able to cause human intestinal infections. Being one of the ways of communication in the plantmicroorganism system, it is possible that the synthesis of indole acetic acid (IAA) by Enterobacteriaceae determines the growth rate of bacteria, contributing to more rapid colonization of the plant.Aim: comparative study of the synthesis of IAA by different types of enterobacteria.Methods. Eight types of enterobacteria were used in the study, seven of which were isolated from sick people, as well as the phytopathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum spp. carotovorum. The work was performed using microbiological and spectrophotometric research methods.Results. The ability of the synthesis of IAA by opportunistic microorganisms belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family was studied. We found that the majority of the studied strains synthesize IAA. Studies on the effect on the synthesis of IAA, the introduction into the nutrient medium of tryptophan and its enrichment with glucose, as well as the variation of the temperature regime of the cultivation of bacteria were carried out.
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Soutar CD, Stavrinides J. Molecular validation of clinical Pantoea isolates identified by MALDI-TOF. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224731. [PMID: 31682625 PMCID: PMC6827907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Enterobacterial genus Pantoea contains both free-living and host-associating species, with considerable debate as to whether documented reports of human infections by members of this species group are accurate. MALDI-TOF-based identification methods are commonly used in clinical laboratories as a rapid means of identification, but its reliability for identification of Pantoea species is unclear. In this study, we carried out cpn60-based molecular typing of 54 clinical isolates that had been identified as Pantoea using MALDI-TOF and other clinical typing methods. We found that 24% had been misidentified, and were actually strains of Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Kosakonia, Klebsiella, Pseudocitrobacter, members of the newly described Erwinia gerundensis, and even several unclassified members of the Enterobacteriaceae. The 40 clinical strains that were confirmed to be Pantoea were identified as Pantoea agglomerans, Pantoea allii, Pantoea dispersa, Pantoea eucalypti, and Pantoea septica as well as the proposed species group, Pantoea latae. Some species groups considered largely environmental or plant-associated, such as P. allii and P. eucalypti were also among clinical specimens. Our results indicate that MALDI-TOF-based identification methods may misidentify strains of the Enterobacteriaceae as Pantoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig D. Soutar
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - John Stavrinides
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Bulgari D, Montagna M, Gobbi E, Faoro F. Green Technology: Bacteria-Based Approach Could Lead to Unsuspected Microbe⁻Plant⁻Animal Interactions. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7020044. [PMID: 30736387 PMCID: PMC6406919 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent and massive revival of green strategies to control plant diseases, mainly as a consequence of the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) rules issued in 2009 by the European Community and the increased consumer awareness of organic products, poses new challenges for human health and food security that need to be addressed in the near future. One of the most important green technologies is biocontrol. This approach is based on living organisms and how these biocontrol agents (BCAs) directly or indirectly interact as a community to control plant pathogens and pest. Although most BCAs have been isolated from plant microbiomes, they share some genomic features, virulence factors, and trans-kingdom infection abilities with human pathogenic microorganisms, thus, their potential impact on human health should be addressed. This evidence, in combination with the outbreaks of human infections associated with consumption of raw fruits and vegetables, opens new questions regarding the role of plants in the human pathogen infection cycle. Moreover, whether BCAs could alter the endophytic bacterial community, thereby leading to the development of new potential human pathogens, is still unclear. In this review, all these issues are debated, highlighting that the research on BCAs and their formulation should include these possible long-lasting consequences of their massive spread in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bulgari
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Italy, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
- Piattaforma di Microbiologia Agroalimentare ed Ambientale (Pi.Mi.A.A.), AgroFood Lab, Department ofMolecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia; 25121 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Matteo Montagna
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Italy, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Gobbi
- Piattaforma di Microbiologia Agroalimentare ed Ambientale (Pi.Mi.A.A.), AgroFood Lab, Department ofMolecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia; 25121 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Franco Faoro
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Italy, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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13
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Yoon SJ, Park YJ, Kim JS, Lee S, Lee SH, Choi S, Min JK, Choi I, Ryu CM. Pseudomonas syringae evades phagocytosis by animal cells via type III effector-mediated regulation of actin filament plasticity. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:3980-3991. [PMID: 30251365 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Certain animal and plant pathogenic bacteria have developed virulence factors including effector proteins that enable them to overcome host immunity. A plant pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) secretes a large repertoire of effectors via a type III secretory apparatus, thereby suppressing plant immunity. Here, we show that Pto causes sepsis in mice. Surprisingly, the effector HopQ1 disrupted animal phagocytosis by inhibiting actin rearrangement via direct interaction with the LIM domain of the animal target protein LIM kinase, a key regulator of actin polymerization. The results provide novel insight into animal host-plant pathogen interactions. In addition, the current study firstly demonstrates that certain plant pathogenic bacteria such as Pto evade phagocytosis by animal cells due to cross-kingdom suppression of host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jin Yoon
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seob Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Song Choi
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Min
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Inpyo Choi
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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14
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Kwan G, Plagenz B, Cowles K, Pisithkul T, Amador-Noguez D, Barak JD. Few Differences in Metabolic Network Use Found Between Salmonella enterica Colonization of Plants and Typhoidal Mice. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:695. [PMID: 29867780 PMCID: PMC5951976 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The human enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica leads a cross-kingdom lifestyle, actively colonizing and persisting on plants in between animal hosts. One of the questions that arises from this dual lifestyle is how S. enterica is able to adapt to such divergent hosts. Metabolic pathways required for S. enterica animal colonization and virulence have been previously identified, but the metabolism of this bacterium on plants is poorly understood. To determine the requirements for plant colonization by S. enterica, we first screened a library of metabolic mutants, previously examined in a systemic mouse typhoidal model, for competitive plant colonization fitness on alfalfa seedlings. By comparing our results to those reported in S. enterica-infected murine spleens, we found that the presence of individual nutrients differed between the two host niches. Yet, similar metabolic pathways contributed to S. enterica colonization of both plants and animals, such as the biosynthesis of amino acids, purines, and vitamins and the catabolism of glycerol and glucose. However, utilization of at least three metabolic networks differed during the bacterium's plant- and animal-associated lifestyles. Whereas both fatty acid biosynthesis and degradation contributed to S. enterica animal colonization, only fatty acid biosynthesis was required during plant colonization. Though serine biosynthesis was required in both hosts, S. enterica used different pathways within the serine metabolic network to achieve this outcome. Lastly, the metabolic network surrounding manA played different roles during colonization of each host. In animal models of infection, O-antigen production downstream of manA facilitates immune evasion. We discovered that manA contributed to S. enterica attachment, to seeds and germinated seedlings, and was essential for growth in early seedling exudates, when mannose is limited. However, only seedling attachment was linked to O-antigen production, indicating that manA played additional roles critical for plant colonization that were independent of surface polysaccharide production. The integrated view of S. enterica metabolism throughout its life cycle presented here provides insight on how metabolic versatility and adaption of known physiological pathways for alternate functions enable a zoonotic pathogen to thrive in niches spanning across multiple kingdoms of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Kwan
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Brett Plagenz
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kimberly Cowles
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Tippapha Pisithkul
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Daniel Amador-Noguez
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jeri D Barak
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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15
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Büttner D. Behind the lines-actions of bacterial type III effector proteins in plant cells. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 40:894-937. [PMID: 28201715 PMCID: PMC5091034 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuw026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenicity of most Gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria depends on the type III secretion (T3S) system, which translocates bacterial effector proteins into plant cells. Type III effectors modulate plant cellular pathways to the benefit of the pathogen and promote bacterial multiplication. One major virulence function of type III effectors is the suppression of plant innate immunity, which is triggered upon recognition of pathogen-derived molecular patterns by plant receptor proteins. Type III effectors also interfere with additional plant cellular processes including proteasome-dependent protein degradation, phytohormone signaling, the formation of the cytoskeleton, vesicle transport and gene expression. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the molecular functions of type III effector proteins with known plant target molecules. Furthermore, plant defense strategies for the detection of effector protein activities or effector-triggered alterations in plant targets are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Büttner
- Genetics Department, Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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16
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Goh HMS, Yong MHA, Chong KKL, Kline KA. Model systems for the study of Enterococcal colonization and infection. Virulence 2017; 8:1525-1562. [PMID: 28102784 PMCID: PMC5810481 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1279766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are common inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract, as well as frequent opportunistic pathogens. Enterococci cause a range of infections including, most frequently, infections of the urinary tract, catheterized urinary tract, bloodstream, wounds and surgical sites, and heart valves in endocarditis. Enterococcal infections are often biofilm-associated, polymicrobial in nature, and resistant to antibiotics of last resort. Understanding Enterococcal mechanisms of colonization and pathogenesis are important for identifying new ways to manage and intervene with these infections. We review vertebrate and invertebrate model systems applied to study the most common E. faecalis and E. faecium infections, with emphasis on recent findings examining Enterococcal-host interactions using these models. We discuss strengths and shortcomings of each model, propose future animal models not yet applied to study mono- and polymicrobial infections involving E. faecalis and E. faecium, and comment on the significance of anti-virulence strategies derived from a fundamental understanding of host-pathogen interactions in model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. M. Sharon Goh
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - M. H. Adeline Yong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Kelvin Kian Long Chong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Kimberly A. Kline
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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17
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Martínez-García PM, López-Solanilla E, Ramos C, Rodríguez-Palenzuela P. Prediction of bacterial associations with plants using a supervised machine-learning approach. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:4847-4861. [PMID: 27234490 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent scenarios of fresh produce contamination by human enteric pathogens have resulted in severe food-borne outbreaks, and a new paradigm has emerged stating that some human-associated bacteria can use plants as secondary hosts. As a consequence, there has been growing concern in the scientific community about these interactions that have not yet been elucidated. Since this is a relatively new area, there is a lack of strategies to address the problem of food-borne illnesses due to the ingestion of fruits and vegetables. In the present study, we performed specific genome annotations to train a supervised machine-learning model that allows for the identification of plant-associated bacteria with a precision of ∼93%. The application of our method to approximately 9500 genomes predicted several unknown interactions between well-known human pathogens and plants, and it also confirmed several cases for which evidence has been reported. We observed that factors involved in adhesion, the deconstruction of the plant cell wall and detoxifying activities were highlighted as the most predictive features. The application of our strategy to sequenced strains that are involved in food poisoning can be used as a primary screening tool to determine the possible causes of contaminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Manuel Martínez-García
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora', Universidad de Málaga, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, E-29071, Spain.,Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Emilia López-Solanilla
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Vegetal. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense, 3, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Cayo Ramos
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora', Universidad de Málaga, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, E-29071, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-Palenzuela
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Vegetal. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense, 3, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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18
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Complete Genome Sequence of Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae Strain ATCC 700603. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/3/e00438-16. [PMID: 27231369 PMCID: PMC4882950 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00438-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae strain ATCC 700603, formerly known as K. pneumoniae K6, is known for producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes that can hydrolyze oxyimino-β-lactams, resulting in resistance to these drugs. We herein report the complete genome of strain ATCC 700603 and show that the ESBL genes are plasmid-encoded.
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19
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A Novel Glycolipid Biosurfactant Confers Grazing Resistance upon Pantoea ananatis BRT175 against the Social Amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. mSphere 2016; 1:mSphere00075-15. [PMID: 27303689 PMCID: PMC4863597 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00075-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pantoea is a versatile genus of bacteria with both plant- and animal-pathogenic strains, some of which have been suggested to cause human infections. There is, however, limited knowledge on the potential determinants used for host association and pathogenesis in animal systems. In this study, we used the model host Dictyostelium discoideum to show that isolates of Pantoea ananatis exhibit differential grazing susceptibility, with some being resistant to grazing by the amoebae. We carried out a high-throughput genetic screen of one grazing-resistant isolate, P. ananatis BRT175, using the D. discoideum pathosystem to identify genes responsible for the resistance phenotype. Among the 26 candidate genes involved in grazing resistance, we identified rhlA and rhlB, which we show are involved in the biosynthesis of a biosurfactant that enables swarming motility in P. ananatis BRT175. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), the biosurfactant was shown to be a glycolipid with monohexose-C10-C10 as the primary congener. We show that this novel glycolipid biosurfactant is cytotoxic to the amoebae and is capable of compromising cellular integrity, leading to cell lysis. The production of this biosurfactant may be important for bacterial survival in the environment and could contribute to the establishment of opportunistic infections. IMPORTANCE The genetic factors used for host interaction by the opportunistic human pathogen Pantoea ananatis are largely unknown. We identified two genes that are important for the production of a biosurfactant that confers grazing resistance against the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. We show that the biosurfactant, which exhibits cytotoxicity toward the amoebae, is a glycolipid that incorporates a hexose rather than rhamnose. The production of this biosurfactant may confer a competitive advantage in the environment and could potentially contribute to the establishment of opportunistic infections.
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20
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Inheritance of Pantoea type III secretion systems through both vertical and horizontal transfer. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 290:2075-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Kshirsagar M, Schleker S, Carbonell J, Klein-Seetharaman J. Techniques for transferring host-pathogen protein interactions knowledge to new tasks. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:36. [PMID: 25699028 PMCID: PMC4313693 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider the problem of building a model to predict protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between the bacterial species Salmonella Typhimurium and the plant host Arabidopsis thaliana which is a host-pathogen pair for which no known PPIs are available. To achieve this, we present approaches, which use homology and statistical learning methods called “transfer learning.” In the transfer learning setting, the task of predicting PPIs between Arabidopsis and its pathogen S. Typhimurium is called the “target task.” The presented approaches utilize labeled data i.e., known PPIs of other host-pathogen pairs (we call these PPIs the “source tasks”). The homology based approaches use heuristics based on biological intuition to predict PPIs. The transfer learning methods use the similarity of the PPIs from the source tasks to the target task to build a model. For a quantitative evaluation we consider Salmonella-mouse PPI prediction and some other host-pathogen tasks where known PPIs exist. We use metrics such as precision and recall and our results show that our methods perform well on the target task in various transfer settings. We present a brief qualitative analysis of the Arabidopsis-Salmonella predicted interactions. We filter the predictions from all approaches using Gene Ontology term enrichment and only those interactions involving Salmonella effectors. Thereby we observe that Arabidopsis proteins involved e.g., in transcriptional regulation, hormone mediated signaling and defense response may be affected by Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Kshirsagar
- School of Computer Science, Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sylvia Schleker
- Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick Coventry, UK ; Molecular Phytomedicine, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
| | - Jaime Carbonell
- School of Computer Science, Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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22
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Gond S, Torres M, Bergen M, Helsel Z, White J. Induction of salt tolerance and up-regulation of aquaporin genes in tropical corn by rhizobacterium Pantoea agglomerans. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 60:392-9. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.K. Gond
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ USA
- Department of Botany; Visva-Bharati; Santiniketan WB India
| | - M.S. Torres
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ USA
| | - M.S. Bergen
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ USA
| | - Z. Helsel
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ USA
| | - J.F. White
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ USA
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23
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Liu H, Ibrahim M, Qiu H, Kausar S, Ilyas M, Cui Z, Hussain A, Li B, Waheed A, Zhu B, Xie G. Protein profiling analyses of the outer membrane of Burkholderia cenocepacia reveal a niche-specific proteome. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2015; 69:75-83. [PMID: 25081413 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are integral β-barrel proteins of the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall and are crucial to bacterial survival within the macrophages and for eukaryotic cell invasion. Here, we used liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to comprehensively assess the outer membrane proteome of Burkholderia cenocepacia, an opportunistic pathogen causing cystic fibrosis (CF), in conditions mimicking four major ecological niches: water, CF sputum, soil, and plant leaf. Bacterial cells were harvested at late log phase, and OMPs were extracted following the separation of soluble proteins by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D-SDS-PAGE). Protein bands were excised and identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. The proteins identified under various growth conditions were further subjected to in silico analysis of gene ontology (subcellular localization, structural, and functional analyses). Overall, 72 proteins were identified as common to the four culture conditions, while 33, 37, 20, and 10 proteins were exclusively identified in the water, CF sputum, soil, and plant leaf environments, respectively. The functional profiles of the majority of these proteins revealed significant diversity in protein expression between the four environments studied and may indicate that the protein expression profiles are unique for every condition. Comparison of OMPs from one strain in four distinct ecological niches allowed the elucidation of proteins that are essential for survival in each niche, while the commonly expressed OMPs, such as RND efflux system protein, TonB-dependent siderophore receptor, and ABC transporter-like protein, represent promising targets for drug or vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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24
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Sharma K, Goss EM, Dickstein ER, Smith ME, Johnson JA, Southwick FS, van Bruggen AHC. Exserohilum rostratum: characterization of a cross-kingdom pathogen of plants and humans. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108691. [PMID: 25285444 PMCID: PMC4186819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen host shifts represent a major source of new infectious diseases. There are several examples of cross-genus host jumps that have caused catastrophic epidemics in animal and plant species worldwide. Cross-kingdom jumps are rare, and are often associated with nosocomial infections. Here we provide an example of human-mediated cross-kingdom jumping of Exserohilum rostratum isolated from a patient who had received a corticosteroid injection and died of fungal meningitis in a Florida hospital in 2012. The clinical isolate of E. rostratum was compared with two plant pathogenic isolates of E. rostratum and an isolate of the closely related genus Bipolaris in terms of morphology, phylogeny, and pathogenicity on one C3 grass, Gulf annual rye grass (Lolium multiflorum), and two C4 grasses, Japanese stilt grass (Microstegium vimineum) and bahia grass (Paspalum notatum). Colony growth and color, as well as conidia shape and size were the same for the clinical and plant isolates of E. rostratum, while these characteristics differed slightly for the Bipolaris sp. isolate. The plant pathogenic and clinical isolates of E. rostratum were indistinguishable based on morphology and ITS and 28S rDNA sequence analysis. The clinical isolate was as pathogenic to all grass species tested as the plant pathogenic strains that were originally isolated from plant hosts. The clinical isolate induced more severe symptoms on stilt grass than on rye grass, while this was the reverse for the plant isolates of E. rostratum. The phylogenetic similarity between the clinical and plant-associated E. rostratum isolates and the ability of the clinical isolate to infect plants suggests that a plant pathogenic strain of E. rostratum contaminated the corticosteroid injection fluid and was able to cause systemic disease in the affected patient. This is the first proof that a clinical isolate of E. rostratum is also an effective plant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Erica M. Goss
- Department of Plant Pathology, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogen Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ellen R. Dickstein
- Department of Plant Pathology, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Matthew E. Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Judith A. Johnson
- Emerging Pathogen Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Frederick S. Southwick
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ariena H. C. van Bruggen
- Department of Plant Pathology, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogen Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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25
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Cui Z, Ibrahim M, Yang C, Fang Y, Annam H, Li B, Wang Y, Xie GL, Sun G. Susceptibility of opportunistic Burkholderia glumae to copper surfaces following wet or dry surface contact. Molecules 2014; 19:9975-85. [PMID: 25010469 PMCID: PMC6271097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19079975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia glumae has been proposed to have a potential risk to vulnerable communities. In this work, we investigated the antibacterial activity and mechanism of copper surfaces against multi-drug resistant B. glumae from both patients and rice plants. The susceptibility of B. glumae to copper surfaces was noted by a significant decline in viable bacterial counts, relative to the slight reduction of stainless steel and polyvinylchloride, both of which were used as control surfaces. The mode of action of bacterial killing was determined by examing the mutagenicity, DNA damage, copper ions accumulation, and membrane damage in bacterial cells. The results indicated that the cells exposed to copper surfaces did not cause severe DNA lesions or increase the mutation frequencies, but resulted in a loss of cell membrane integrity within minutes. Furthermore, bacterial cells exposed to copper surfaces accumulated significantly higher amounts of copper compared to control surfaces. Overall, this study showed that metallic copper had strong antibacterial effect against B. glumae by causing DNA and membrane damage, cellular accumulation of copper, and cell death following DNA degradation, which could be utilized to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouqi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (Z.C.); (C.Y.); (G.-L.X.)
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (Z.C.); (C.Y.); (G.-L.X.)
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan; E-Mails: (M.I.); (H.A.)
| | - Chunlan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (Z.C.); (C.Y.); (G.-L.X.)
| | - Yuan Fang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; E-Mail:
| | - Hussain Annam
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan; E-Mails: (M.I.); (H.A.)
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (Z.C.); (C.Y.); (G.-L.X.)
| | - Yanli Wang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; E-Mail:
| | - Guan-Lin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (Z.C.); (C.Y.); (G.-L.X.)
| | - Guochang Sun
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; E-Mail:
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26
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Yousaf S, Bulgari D, Bergna A, Pancher M, Quaglino F, Casati P, Campisano A. Pyrosequencing detects human and animal pathogenic taxa in the grapevine endosphere. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:327. [PMID: 25071740 PMCID: PMC4085568 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Generally, plants are not considered as hosts for human and animal pathogens (HAP). The recent produce-associated outbreaks of food-borne diseases have drawn attention toward significant deficiencies in our understanding of the ecology of HAP, and their potential for interkingdom transfer. To examine the association of microorganisms classified as HAP with plants, we surveyed the presence and distribution of HAP bacterial taxa (henceforth HAPT, for brevity's sake) in the endosphere of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) both in the plant stems and leaves. An enrichment protocol was used on leaves to detect taxa with very low abundance in undisturbed tissues. We used pyrosequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rDNA gene. We identified several HAPT, and focused on four genera (Propionibacterium, Staphylococcus, Clostridium, and Burkholderia). The majority of the bacterial sequences in the genus Propionibacterium, from grapevine leaf and stem, were identified as P. acnes. Clostridia were detected in leaves and stems, but their number was much higher in leaves after enrichment. HAPT were indentified both in leaves and wood of grapevines. This depicts the ability of these taxa to be internalized within plant tissues and maintain their population levels in a variety of environments. Our analysis highlighted the presence of HAPT in the grapevine endosphere and unexpected occurrence of these bacterial taxa in this atypical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Yousaf
- Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach San Michele all'Adige, Italy ; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Daniela Bulgari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bergna
- Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach San Michele all'Adige, Italy ; Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano Milano, Italy
| | - Michael Pancher
- Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Fabio Quaglino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Casati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Campisano
- Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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Nadarasah G, Stavrinides J. Quantitative evaluation of the host-colonizing capabilities of the enteric bacterium Pantoea using plant and insect hosts. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2014; 160:602-615. [PMID: 24430494 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.073452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The genus Pantoea is a highly diverse group comprising free-living, and both pathogenic and non-pathogenic host-associating species. Pathogenic isolates have been found to infect insects, plants and humans, yet it is unclear whether these isolates have similar pathogenic potential to the free-living environmental populations. Using MLSA of six housekeeping genes, we evaluated the phylogenetic relationships among 115 environmental and clinical (human) isolates representing 11 Pantoea species. An overlay of the location of isolation onto the resulting tree revealed that clinical and environmental isolates are interspersed, and do not form distinctive groups. We then conducted quantitative growth assays of our isolates using maize, onion and fruit flies as hosts. Notably, most clinical isolates were able to grow in both plant hosts often comparably or even better than the environmental isolates. There were no obvious growth or host colonization patterns that could distinguish those isolates with clinical potential. Growth of an isolate in one host could not be predicted based on its performance in another host, nor could host growth be predicted by phylogeny or source of isolation. This work demonstrates that the host-colonizing capabilities of all Pantoea species groups is unpredictable, indicating a broader host range and pathogenic potential than currently assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanchaly Nadarasah
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S0A2, Canada
| | - John Stavrinides
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S0A2, Canada
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Khan A, Asif H, Studholme DJ, Khan IA, Azim MK. Genome characterization of a novel Burkholderia cepacia complex genomovar isolated from dieback affected mango orchards. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 29:2033-44. [PMID: 23653265 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We characterized the genome of the antibiotic resistant, caseinolytic and non-hemolytic Burkholderia sp. strain TJI49, isolated from mango trees (Mangifera indica L.) with dieback disease. This isolate produced severe disease symptoms on the indicator plants. Next generation DNA sequencing and short-read assembly generated the 60X deep 7,631,934 nucleotide draft genome of Burkholderia sp. TJI49 which comprised three chromosomes and at least one mega plasmid. Genome annotation studies revealed a total 8,992 genes, out of which 8,940 were protein coding genes. Comparative genomics and phylogenetics identified Burkholderia sp. TJI49 as a distinct species of Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC), closely related to B. multivorans ATCC17616. Genome-wide sequence alignment of this isolate with replicons of BCC members showed conservation of core function genes but considerable variations in accessory genes. Subsystem-based gene annotation identified the active presence of wide spread colonization island and type VI secretion system in Burkholderia sp. TJI49. Sequence comparisons revealed (a) 28 novel ORFs that have no database matches and (b) 23 ORFs with orthologues in species other than Burkholderia, indicating horizontal gene transfer events. Fold recognition of novel ORFs identified genes encoding pertactin autotransporter-like proteins (a constituent of type V secretion system) and Hap adhesion-like proteins (involved in cell-cell adhesion) in the genome of Burkholderia sp. TJI49. The genomic characterization of this isolate provided additional information related to the 'pan-genome' of Burkholderia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asifullah Khan
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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Tian WX, Yu S, Ibrahim M, Almonaofy AW, He L, Hui Q, Bo Z, Li B, Xie GL. Copper as an antimicrobial agent against opportunistic pathogenic and multidrug resistant Enterobacter bacteria. J Microbiol 2012; 50:586-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-012-2067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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