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Sahoo K, Sundararajan V. Methods in DNA methylation array dataset analysis: A review. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:2304-2325. [PMID: 38845821 PMCID: PMC11153885 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the intricate relationships between gene expression levels and epigenetic modifications in a genome is crucial to comprehending the pathogenic mechanisms of many diseases. With the advancement of DNA Methylome Profiling techniques, the emphasis on identifying Differentially Methylated Regions (DMRs/DMGs) has become crucial for biomarker discovery, offering new insights into the etiology of illnesses. This review surveys the current state of computational tools/algorithms for the analysis of microarray-based DNA methylation profiling datasets, focusing on key concepts underlying the diagnostic/prognostic CpG site extraction. It addresses methodological frameworks, algorithms, and pipelines employed by various authors, serving as a roadmap to address challenges and understand changing trends in the methodologies for analyzing array-based DNA methylation profiling datasets derived from diseased genomes. Additionally, it highlights the importance of integrating gene expression and methylation datasets for accurate biomarker identification, explores prognostic prediction models, and discusses molecular subtyping for disease classification. The review also emphasizes the contributions of machine learning, neural networks, and data mining to enhance diagnostic workflow development, thereby improving accuracy, precision, and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vino Sundararajan
- Correspondence to: Department of Bio Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Xu D, Xu Z. Machine learning applications in preventive healthcare: A systematic literature review on predictive analytics of disease comorbidity from multiple perspectives. Artif Intell Med 2024; 156:102950. [PMID: 39163727 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2024.102950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence is constantly revolutionizing biomedical research and healthcare management. Disease comorbidity is a major threat to the quality of life for susceptible groups, especially middle-aged and elderly patients. The presence of multiple chronic diseases makes precision diagnosis challenging to realize and imposes a heavy burden on the healthcare system and economy. Given an enormous amount of accumulated health data, machine learning techniques show their capability in handling this puzzle. The present study conducts a review to uncover current research efforts in applying these methods to understanding comorbidity mechanisms and making clinical predictions considering these complex patterns. A descriptive metadata analysis of 791 unique publications aims to capture the overall research progression between January 2012 and June 2023. To delve into comorbidity-focused research, 61 of these scientific papers are systematically assessed. Four predictive analytics of tasks are detected: disease comorbidity data extraction, clustering, network, and risk prediction. It is observed that some machine learning-driven applications address inherent data deficiencies in healthcare datasets and provide a model interpretation that identifies significant risk factors of comorbidity development. Based on insights, both technical and practical, gained from relevant literature, this study intends to guide future interests in comorbidity research and draw conclusions about chronic disease prevention and diagnosis with managerial implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Xu
- School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Zeshui Xu
- School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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3
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Kiouvrekis Y, Vasileiou NGC, Katsarou EI, Lianou DT, Michael CK, Zikas S, Katsafadou AI, Bourganou MV, Liagka DV, Chatzopoulos DC, Fthenakis GC. The Use of Machine Learning to Predict Prevalence of Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Sheep Farms. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2295. [PMID: 39199829 PMCID: PMC11350869 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to develop a computational model with which predictions regarding the level of prevalence of mastitis in dairy sheep farms could be performed. Data for the construction of the model were obtained from a large Greece-wide field study with 111 farms. Unsupervised learning methodology was applied for clustering data into two clusters based on 18 variables (17 independent variables related to health management practices applied in farms, climatological data at the locations of the farms, and the level of prevalence of subclinical mastitis as the target value). The K-means tool showed the highest significance for the classification of farms into two clusters for the construction of the computational model: median (interquartile range) prevalence of subclinical mastitis among farms was 20.0% (interquartile range: 15.8%) and 30.0% (16.0%) (p = 0.002). Supervised learning tools were subsequently used to predict the level of prevalence of the infection: decision trees, k-NN, neural networks, and Support vector machines. For each of these, combinations of hyperparameters were employed; 83 models were produced, and 4150 assessments were made in total. A computational model obtained by means of Support vector machines (kernel: 'linear', regularization parameter C = 3) was selected. Thereafter, the model was assessed through the results of the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in 373 records from sheep flocks unrelated to the ones employed for the selection of the model; the model was used for evaluation of the correct classification of the data in each of 373 sets, each of which included a test (prediction) subset with one record that referred to the farm under assessment. The median prevalence of the infection in farms classified by the model in each of the two categories was 10.4% (5.5%) and 36.3% (9.7%) (p < 0.0001). The overall accuracy of the model for the results presented by the K-means tool was 94.1%; for the estimation of the level of prevalence (<25.0%/≥25.0%) in the farms, it was 96.3%. The findings of this study indicate that machine learning algorithms can be usefully employed in predicting the level of subclinical mastitis in dairy sheep farms. This can facilitate setting up appropriate health management measures for interventions in the farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiannis Kiouvrekis
- Faculty of Public and One Health, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece (A.I.K.)
- School of Business, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Daphne T. Lianou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | | | - Sotiris Zikas
- Faculty of Public and One Health, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece (A.I.K.)
| | - Angeliki I. Katsafadou
- Faculty of Public and One Health, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece (A.I.K.)
| | - Maria V. Bourganou
- Faculty of Public and One Health, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece (A.I.K.)
| | - Dimitra V. Liagka
- Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
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4
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Sogandi F. Identifying diseases symptoms and general rules using supervised and unsupervised machine learning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17956. [PMID: 39095606 PMCID: PMC11297332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The symptoms of diseases can vary among individuals and may remain undetected in the early stages. Detecting these symptoms is crucial in the initial stage to effectively manage and treat cases of varying severity. Machine learning has made major advances in recent years, proving its effectiveness in various healthcare applications. This study aims to identify patterns of symptoms and general rules regarding symptoms among patients using supervised and unsupervised machine learning. The integration of a rule-based machine learning technique and classification methods is utilized to extend a prediction model. This study analyzes patient data that was available online through the Kaggle repository. After preprocessing the data and exploring descriptive statistics, the Apriori algorithm was applied to identify frequent symptoms and patterns in the discovered rules. Additionally, the study applied several machine learning models for predicting diseases, including stepwise regression, support vector machine, bootstrap forest, boosted trees, and neural-boosted methods. Several predictive machine learning models were applied to the dataset to predict diseases. It was discovered that the stepwise method for fitting outperformed all competitors in this study, as determined through cross-validation conducted for each model based on established criteria. Moreover, numerous significant decision rules were extracted in the study, which can streamline clinical applications without the need for additional expertise. These rules enable the prediction of relationships between symptoms and diseases, as well as between different diseases. Therefore, the results obtained in this study have the potential to improve the performance of prediction models. We can discover diseases symptoms and general rules using supervised and unsupervised machine learning for the dataset. Overall, the proposed algorithm can support not only healthcare professionals but also patients who face cost and time constraints in diagnosing and treating these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sogandi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran.
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Kuhn BT, Gupta R. Improving Wildfire Readiness Among Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma: Applying a Population Health Approach to Climate Change. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES (MIAMI, FLA.) 2024; 11:427-435. [PMID: 38838252 PMCID: PMC11363974 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.2024.0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
As a result of climate change, wildfire frequency, duration, and severity are increasing in the United States. Exposure to wildfire-related air pollutants can lead to negative health outcomes, particularly among patients with preexisting respiratory diseases (e.g., asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and those who are at higher risk for developing these conditions. Underserved communities are disproportionately affected for multiple reasons, including lack of financial and social resources, increased exposure to air pollutants at home and at work, and impaired access to health care. To best serve clinically high-risk and underserved populations, health systems must leverage community public health data, develop and mobilize a wildfire preparedness action plan to identify populations at high risk, and implement interventions to mitigate the consequences of poor air quality. University of California, Davis Health, located at the epicenter of the largest wildfires in California's history, has developed the 5 pillar Wildfire Population Health Approach: (1) identify clinically at-risk and underserved patient populations using well-validated, condition-targeted registries; (2) assemble multidisciplinary care teams to understand the needs of these communities and patients; (3) create custom analytics and wildfire-risk stratification; (4) develop care pathways based on wildfire-risk tiers by disease, risk of exposure, and health care access; and (5) identify outcome measures tailored to interventions with a commitment to continuous, iterative improvement efforts. The Wildfire Population Health Approach provides an action plan for health systems and care teams to meet the needs of clinically at-risk and underserved patients affected by the increasing health threat posed by climate change-related wildfires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks T. Kuhn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Reshma Gupta
- University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, United States
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Prasad K, Griffiths A, Agrawal K, McEwan M, Macci F, Ghisoni M, Stopher M, Napleton M, Strickland J, Keating D, Whitehead T, Conduit G, Murray S, Edward L. Modelling the nicotine pharmacokinetic profile for e-cigarettes using real time monitoring of consumers' physiological measurements and mouth level exposure. BioData Min 2024; 17:24. [PMID: 39020394 PMCID: PMC11253374 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-024-00375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies can provide essential information on abuse liability of nicotine and tobacco products but are intrusive and must be conducted in a clinical environment. The objective of the study was to explore whether changes in plasma nicotine levels following use of an e-cigarette can be predicted from real time monitoring of physiological parameters and mouth level exposure (MLE) to nicotine before, during, and after e-cigarette vaping, using wearable devices. Such an approach would allow an -effective pre-screening process, reducing the number of clinical studies, reducing the number of products to be tested and the number of blood draws required in a clinical PK study Establishing such a prediction model might facilitate the longitudinal collection of data on product use and nicotine expression among consumers using nicotine products in their normal environments, thereby reducing the need for intrusive clinical studies while generating PK data related to product use in the real world.An exploratory machine learning model was developed to predict changes in plasma nicotine levels following the use of an e-cigarette; from real time monitoring of physiological parameters and MLE to nicotine before, during, and after e-cigarette vaping. This preliminary study identified key parameters, such as heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and physiological stress (PS) that may act as predictors for an individual's plasma nicotine response (PK curve). Relative to baseline measurements (per participant), HR showed a significant increase for nicotine containing e-liquids and was consistent across sessions (intra-participant). Imputing missing values and training the model on all data resulted in 57% improvement from the original'learning' data and achieved a median validation R2 of 0.70.The study is in its exploratory phase, with limitations including a small and non-diverse sample size and reliance on data from a single e-cigarette product. These findings necessitate further research for validation and to enhance the model's generalisability and applicability in real-world settings. This study serves as a foundational step towards developing non-intrusive PK models for nicotine product use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Prasad
- B.A.T. (Investments) Limited, Regents Park Road, Millbrook, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Allen Griffiths
- B.A.T. (Investments) Limited, Regents Park Road, Millbrook, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Kavya Agrawal
- B.A.T. (Investments) Limited, Regents Park Road, Millbrook, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK.
| | - Michael McEwan
- B.A.T. (Investments) Limited, Regents Park Road, Millbrook, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Flavio Macci
- B.A.T. (Investments) Limited, Regents Park Road, Millbrook, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Marco Ghisoni
- Hidalgo LTD, Unit F Trinity Court Buckingway Business Park, Anderson Road, Cambridge, CB24 4UQ, UK
| | | | | | - Joel Strickland
- Intellegens, The Studio, Chesterton Mill, Cambridge, CB4 3NP, UK
| | - David Keating
- Intellegens, The Studio, Chesterton Mill, Cambridge, CB4 3NP, UK
| | - Thomas Whitehead
- Intellegens, The Studio, Chesterton Mill, Cambridge, CB4 3NP, UK
| | - Gareth Conduit
- Intellegens, The Studio, Chesterton Mill, Cambridge, CB4 3NP, UK
| | - Stacey Murray
- B-Secur LTD, Catalyst Inc, The Innovation Centre, Queen's Road, Belfast, BT3 9DT, UK
| | - Lauren Edward
- B.A.T. (Investments) Limited, Regents Park Road, Millbrook, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK
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Anh NK, Phat NK, Thu NQ, Tien NTN, Eunsu C, Kim HS, Nguyen DN, Kim DH, Long NP, Oh JY. Discovery of urinary biosignatures for tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria classification using metabolomics and machine learning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15312. [PMID: 38961191 PMCID: PMC11222504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection diagnosis remains a challenge due to its overlapping clinical symptoms with tuberculosis (TB), leading to inappropriate treatment. Herein, we employed noninvasive metabolic phenotyping coupled with comprehensive statistical modeling to discover potential biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of NTM infection versus TB. Urine samples from 19 NTM and 35 TB patients were collected, and untargeted metabolomics was performed using rapid liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The urine metabolome was analyzed using a combination of univariate and multivariate statistical approaches, incorporating machine learning. Univariate analysis revealed significant alterations in amino acids, especially tryptophan metabolism, in NTM infection compared to TB. Specifically, NTM infection was associated with upregulated levels of methionine but downregulated levels of glutarate, valine, 3-hydroxyanthranilate, and tryptophan. Five machine learning models were used to classify NTM and TB. Notably, the random forest model demonstrated excellent performance [area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve greater than 0.8] in distinguishing NTM from TB. Six potential biomarkers for NTM infection diagnosis, including methionine, valine, glutarate, 3-hydroxyanthranilate, corticosterone, and indole-3-carboxyaldehyde, were revealed from univariate ROC analysis and machine learning models. Altogether, our study suggested new noninvasive biomarkers and laid a foundation for applying machine learning to NTM differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Ky Anh
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Ky Phat
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Quang Thu
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Tran Nam Tien
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho Eunsu
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sook Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Duc Ninh Nguyen
- Section for Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Phuoc Long
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jee Youn Oh
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
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Wang J, Li J. Artificial intelligence empowering public health education: prospects and challenges. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1389026. [PMID: 39022411 PMCID: PMC11252473 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1389026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing public health education through its capacity for intricate analysis of large-scale health datasets and the tailored dissemination of health-related information and interventions. This article conducts a profound exploration into the integration of AI within public health, accentuating its scientific foundations, prospective progress, and practical application scenarios. It underscores the transformative potential of AI in crafting individualized educational programs, developing sophisticated behavioral models, and informing the creation of health policies. The manuscript strives to thoroughly evaluate the extant landscape of AI applications in public health, scrutinizing critical challenges such as the propensity for data bias and the imperative of safeguarding privacy. By dissecting these issues, the article contributes to the conversation on how AI can be harnessed responsibly and effectively, ensuring that its application in public health education is both ethically grounded and equitable. The paper's significance is multifold: it aims to provide a blueprint for policy formulation, offer actionable insights for public health authorities, and catalyze the progression of health interventions toward increasingly sophisticated and precise approaches. Ultimately, this research anticipates fostering an environment where AI not only augments public health education but also does so with a steadfast commitment to the principles of justice and inclusivity, thereby elevating the standard and reach of health education initiatives globally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianxiang Li
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Harmantepe AT, Dulger UC, Gonullu E, Dikicier E, Şentürk A, Eröz E. A method for predicting mortality in acute mesenteric ischemia: Machine learning. ULUS TRAVMA ACIL CER 2024; 30:487-492. [PMID: 38967529 PMCID: PMC11331353 DOI: 10.14744/tjtes.2024.48074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to develop and validate an artificial intelligence model using machine learning (ML) to predict hospital mortality in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI). METHODS A total of 122 patients diagnosed with AMI at Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital between January 2011 and June 2023 were included in the study. These patients were divided into a training cohort (n=97) and a validation cohort (n=25), and further categorized as survivors and non-survivors during hospitalization. Serum-based laboratory results served as features. Hyperfeatures were eliminated using Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) in Python to optimize outcomes. ML algorithms and data analyses were performed using Python (version 3.7). RESULTS Of the patients, 56.5% were male (n=69) and 43.5% were female (n=53). The mean age was 71.9 years (range 39-94 years). The mortality rate during hospitalization was 50% (n=61). To achieve optimal results, the model incorporated features such as age, red cell distribution width (RDW), C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, lactate, globulin, and creatinine. Success rates in test data were as follows: logistic regression (LG), 80%; random forest (RF), 60%; k-nearest neighbor (KN), 52%; multilayer perceptron (MLP), 72%; and support vector classifier (SVC), 84%. A voting classifier (VC), aggregating votes from all models, achieved an 84% success rate. Among the models, SVC (sensitivity 1.0, specificity 0.77, area under the curve (AUC) 0.90, Confidence Interval (95%): (0.83-0.84)) and VC (sensitivity 1.0, specificity 0.77, AUC 0.88, Confidence Interval (95%): (0.83-0.84)) were noted for their effectiveness. CONCLUSION Independent risk factors for mortality were identified in patients with AMI. An efficient and rapid method using various ML models to predict mortality has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Tarık Harmantepe
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya-Türkiye
| | - Ugur Can Dulger
- Department of General Surgery, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya-Türkiye
| | - Emre Gonullu
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya-Türkiye
| | - Enis Dikicier
- Department of General Surgery, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya-Türkiye
| | - Adem Şentürk
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya-Türkiye
| | - Erhan Eröz
- Department of General Surgery, Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya-Türkiye
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Van Coillie S, Prévot J, Sánchez-Ramón S, Lowe DM, Borg M, Autran B, Segundo G, Pecoraro A, Garcelon N, Boersma C, Silva SL, Drabwell J, Quinti I, Meyts I, Ali A, Burns SO, van Hagen M, Pergent M, Mahlaoui N. Charting a course for global progress in PIDs by 2030 - proceedings from the IPOPI global multi-stakeholders' summit (September 2023). Front Immunol 2024; 15:1430678. [PMID: 39055704 PMCID: PMC11270239 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1430678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The International Patient Organisation for Primary Immunodeficiencies (IPOPI) held its second Global Multi-Stakeholders' Summit, an annual stimulating and forward-thinking meeting uniting experts to anticipate pivotal upcoming challenges and opportunities in the field of primary immunodeficiency (PID). The 2023 summit focused on three key identified discussion points: (i) How can immunoglobulin (Ig) therapy meet future personalized patient needs? (ii) Pandemic preparedness: what's next for public health and potential challenges for the PID community? (iii) Diagnosing PIDs in 2030: what needs to happen to diagnose better and to diagnose more? Clinician-Scientists, patient representatives and other stakeholders explored avenues to improve Ig therapy through mechanistic insights and tailored Ig preparations/products according to patient-specific needs and local exposure to infectious agents, amongst others. Urgency for pandemic preparedness was discussed, as was the threat of shortage of antibiotics and increasing antimicrobial resistance, emphasizing the need for representation of PID patients and other vulnerable populations throughout crisis and care management. Discussion also covered the complexities of PID diagnosis, addressing issues such as global diagnostic disparities, the integration of patient-reported outcome measures, and the potential of artificial intelligence to increase PID diagnosis rates and to enhance diagnostic precision. These proceedings outline the outcomes and recommendations arising from the 2023 IPOPI Global Multi-Stakeholders' Summit, offering valuable insights to inform future strategies in PID management and care. Integral to this initiative is its role in fostering collaborative efforts among stakeholders to prepare for the multiple challenges facing the global PID community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samya Van Coillie
- International Patient Organisation for Primary Immunodeficiencies (IPOPI), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan Prévot
- International Patient Organisation for Primary Immunodeficiencies (IPOPI), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Silvia Sánchez-Ramón
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos/Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IML and IdISSC), Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - David M. Lowe
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London National Heath System (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Borg
- Department of Infection Control & Sterile Services, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Brigitte Autran
- Sorbonne-Université, Cimi-Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1135, centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) ERL8255, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Centre de Recherche n°7 (UPMC CR7), Paris, France
| | - Gesmar Segundo
- Departamento de Pediatra, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Antonio Pecoraro
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Territoriale, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Nicolas Garcelon
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Data Science Platform, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche (INSERM UMR) 1163, Paris, France
| | - Cornelis Boersma
- Health-Ecore B.V., Zeist, Netherlands
- Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Management Sciences, Open University, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Susana L. Silva
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Unidade Local de Saúde de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jose Drabwell
- International Patient Organisation for Primary Immunodeficiencies (IPOPI), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabella Quinti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adli Ali
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Hospital Tunku Ampuan Besar Tuanku Aishah Rohani, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Specialist Children’s Hospital, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siobhan O. Burns
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London National Heath System (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin van Hagen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martine Pergent
- International Patient Organisation for Primary Immunodeficiencies (IPOPI), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nizar Mahlaoui
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker-Enfants malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- French National Reference Center for Primary Immune Deficiencies (CEREDIH), Necker-Enfants malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
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11
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Eken A, Nassehi F, Eroğul O. Diagnostic machine learning applications on clinical populations using functional near infrared spectroscopy: a review. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:421-449. [PMID: 38308531 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and its interaction with machine learning (ML) is a popular research topic for the diagnostic classification of clinical disorders due to the lack of robust and objective biomarkers. This review provides an overview of research on psychiatric diseases by using fNIRS and ML. Article search was carried out and 45 studies were evaluated by considering their sample sizes, used features, ML methodology, and reported accuracy. To our best knowledge, this is the first review that reports diagnostic ML applications using fNIRS. We found that there has been an increasing trend to perform ML applications on fNIRS-based biomarker research since 2010. The most studied populations are schizophrenia (n = 12), attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (n = 7), and autism spectrum disorder (n = 6) are the most studied populations. There is a significant negative correlation between sample size (>21) and accuracy values. Support vector machine (SVM) and deep learning (DL) approaches were the most popular classifier approaches (SVM = 20) (DL = 10). Eight of these studies recruited a number of participants more than 100 for classification. Concentration changes in oxy-hemoglobin (ΔHbO) based features were used more than concentration changes in deoxy-hemoglobin (ΔHb) based ones and the most popular ΔHbO-based features were mean ΔHbO (n = 11) and ΔHbO-based functional connections (n = 11). Using ML on fNIRS data might be a promising approach to reveal specific biomarkers for diagnostic classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Eken
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Sogutozu, 06510, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Farhad Nassehi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Sogutozu, 06510, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Osman Eroğul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Sogutozu, 06510, Ankara, Türkiye
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12
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Sadeghi P, Karimi H, Lavafian A, Rashedi R, Samieefar N, Shafiekhani S, Rezaei N. Machine learning and artificial intelligence within pediatric autoimmune diseases: applications, challenges, future perspective. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38771915 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2024.2359019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoimmune disorders affect 4.5% to 9.4% of children, significantly reducing their quality of life. The diagnosis and prognosis of autoimmune diseases are uncertain because of the variety of onset and development. Machine learning can identify clinically relevant patterns from vast amounts of data. Hence, its introduction has been beneficial in the diagnosis and management of patients. AREAS COVERED This narrative review was conducted through searching various electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. This study thoroughly explores the current knowledge and identifies the remaining gaps in the applications of machine learning specifically in the context of pediatric autoimmune and related diseases. EXPERT OPINION Machine learning algorithms have the potential to completely change how pediatric autoimmune disorders are identified, treated, and managed. Machine learning can assist physicians in making more precise and fast judgments, identifying new biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and personalizing treatment strategies for each patient by utilizing massive datasets and powerful analytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parniyan Sadeghi
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanie Karimi
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atiye Lavafian
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Science, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ronak Rashedi
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noosha Samieefar
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Shafiekhani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Buein Zahra Technical University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Dixon D, Sattar H, Moros N, Kesireddy SR, Ahsan H, Lakkimsetti M, Fatima M, Doshi D, Sadhu K, Junaid Hassan M. Unveiling the Influence of AI Predictive Analytics on Patient Outcomes: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e59954. [PMID: 38854327 PMCID: PMC11161909 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive literature review explores the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) predictive analytics on healthcare, particularly in improving patient outcomes regarding disease progression, treatment response, and recovery rates. AI, encompassing capabilities such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making, is leveraged to predict disease progression, optimize treatment plans, and enhance recovery rates through the analysis of vast datasets, including electronic health records (EHRs), imaging, and genetic data. The utilization of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques in predictive analytics enables personalized medicine by facilitating the early detection of conditions, precision in drug discovery, and the tailoring of treatment to individual patient profiles. Ethical considerations, including data privacy, bias, and accountability, emerge as vital in the responsible implementation of AI in healthcare. The findings underscore the potential of AI predictive analytics in revolutionizing clinical decision-making and healthcare delivery, emphasizing the necessity of ethical guidelines and continuous model validation to ensure its safe and effective use in augmenting human judgment in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diny Dixon
- Medicine, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, IND
| | - Hina Sattar
- Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Natalia Moros
- Medicine, Pontifical Javeriana University Medical School, Bogotá, COL
| | | | - Huma Ahsan
- Medicine, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Madiha Fatima
- Medicine, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, PAK
| | - Dhruvi Doshi
- Medicine, Gujarat Cancer Society Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Ahmedabad, IND
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14
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Meitei TG, Chang WC, Cheong PL, Wang YM, Sun CW. A Study on Intelligent Optical Bone Densitometry. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE 2024; 12:401-412. [PMID: 38606393 PMCID: PMC11008809 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2024.3368106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a prevalent chronic disease worldwide, particularly affecting the aging population. The gold standard diagnostic tool for osteoporosis is Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). However, the expensive cost of the DXA machine and the need for skilled professionals to operate it restrict its accessibility to the general public. This paper builds upon previous research and proposes a novel approach for rapidly screening bone density. The method involves utilizing near-infrared light to capture local body information within the human body. Deep learning techniques are employed to analyze the obtained data and extract meaningful insights related to bone density. Our initial prediction, utilizing multi-linear regression, demonstrated a strong correlation (r = 0.98, p-value = 0.003**) with the measured Bone Mineral Density (BMD) obtained from Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). This indicates a highly significant relationship between the predicted values and the actual BMD measurements. A deep learning-based algorithm is applied to analyze the underlying information further to predict bone density at the wrist, hip, and spine. The prediction of bone densities in the hip and spine holds significant importance due to their status as gold-standard sites for assessing an individual's bone density. Our prediction rate had an error margin below 10% for the wrist and below 20% for the hip and spine bone density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takhellambam Gautam Meitei
- Department of PhotonicsCollege of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chang
- Department of PhotonicsCollege of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryWan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei110Taiwan
| | - Pou-Leng Cheong
- Department of PhotonicsCollege of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and TechnologyNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
- Department of PediatricsNational Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu BranchHsinchu300Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Wang
- Department of PhotonicsCollege of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Sun
- Department of PhotonicsCollege of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation and Translation CenterNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei City112Taiwan
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15
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Lee J, Yoon Y, Kim J, Kim YH. Metaheuristic-Based Feature Selection Methods for Diagnosing Sarcopenia with Machine Learning Algorithms. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:179. [PMID: 38534863 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9030179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the efficacy of metaheuristic-based feature selection in improving machine learning performance for diagnosing sarcopenia. Extraction and utilization of features significantly impacting diagnosis efficacy emerge as a critical facet when applying machine learning for sarcopenia diagnosis. Using data from the 8th Korean Longitudinal Study on Aging (KLoSA), this study examines harmony search (HS) and the genetic algorithm (GA) for feature selection. Evaluation of the resulting feature set involves a decision tree, a random forest, a support vector machine, and naïve bayes algorithms. As a result, the HS-derived feature set trained with a support vector machine yielded an accuracy of 0.785 and a weighted F1 score of 0.782, which outperformed traditional methods. These findings underscore the competitive edge of metaheuristic-based selection, demonstrating its potential in advancing sarcopenia diagnosis. This study advocates for further exploration of metaheuristic-based feature selection's pivotal role in future sarcopenia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyeong Lee
- Department of IT Convergence, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yourim Yoon
- Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoun Kim
- Department of Exercise Rehabilitation, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hyuk Kim
- School of Software, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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Chowdhury MR, Hone KGMS, Prévost K, Balthazar P, Avino M, Arguin M, Beaudoin J, Malick M, Desgagné M, Robert G, Scott M, Dubé J, Laforest-Lapointe I, Massé E. Optimizing Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) Colorectal Cancer Screening Using Gut Bacteriome as a Biomarker. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2024; 23:22-34.e2. [PMID: 37980216 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer mortality in the world. One of the most widely used screening tests for CRC is the immunochemical fecal occult blood test (iFOBT), which detects human hemoglobin from patient's stool sample. Although it is highly efficient in detecting blood from patients with gastro-intestinal lesions, such as polyps and cancers, the iFOBT has a high rate of false positive discovery. Recent studies suggested gut bacteria as a promising noninvasive biomarker for improving the diagnosis of CRC. In this study, we examined the composition of gut bacteria using iFOBT leftover from patients undergoing screening test along with a colonoscopy. METHODS After collecting data from more than 800 patients, we considered 4 groups for this study. The first and second groups were respectively "healthy" in which the patients had either no blood in their stool or had blood but no lesions. The third and fourth groups of patients had both blood in their stools with precancerous and cancerous lesions and considered either as low-grade and high-grade lesion groups, respectively. An amplification of 16S rRNA (V4 region) gene was performed, followed by sequencing along with various statistical and bioinformatic analysis. RESULTS We analyzed the composition of the gut bacteriome at phylum, class, genus, and species levels. Although members of the Firmicute phylum increased in the 3 groups compared to healthy patients, the phylum Actinobacteriota was found to decrease. Moreover, Blautia obeum and Anaerostipes hadrus from the phylum Firmicutes were increased and Collinsella aerofaciens from phylum Actinobacteriota was found decreased when healthy group is compared to the patients with high-grade lesions. Finally, among the 5 machine learning algorithms used to perform our analysis, both elastic net (AUC > 0.7) and random forest (AUC > 0.8) performs well in differentiating healthy patients from 3 other patient groups having blood in their stool. CONCLUSION Our study integrates the iFOBT screening tool with gut bacterial composition to improve the prediction of CRC lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Karina Gisèle Mac Si Hone
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Karine Prévost
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Philippe Balthazar
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Mariano Avino
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Mélina Arguin
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Jude Beaudoin
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Mandy Malick
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Michael Desgagné
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Gabriel Robert
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Michelle Scott
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Jean Dubé
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | | | - Eric Massé
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.
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17
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Qi P, Huang MJ, Wu W, Ren XW, Zhai YZ, Qiu C, Zhu HY. Exploration of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for trauma-related acute kidney injury. Chin J Traumatol 2024; 27:97-106. [PMID: 38296680 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common functional injuries observed in trauma patients. However, certain trauma medications may exacerbate renal injury. Therefore, the early detection of trauma-related AKI holds paramount importance in improving trauma prognosis. METHODS Qualified datasets were selected from public databases, and common differentially expressed genes related to trauma-induced AKI and hub genes were identified through enrichment analysis and the establishment of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Additionally, the specificity of these hub genes was investigated using the sepsis dataset and conducted a comprehensive literature review to assess their plausibility. The raw data from both datasets were downloaded using R software (version 4.2.1) and processed with the "affy" package19 for correction and normalization. RESULTS Our analysis revealed 585 upregulated and 629 downregulated differentially expressed genes in the AKI dataset, along with 586 upregulated and 948 downregulated differentially expressed genes in the trauma dataset. Concurrently, the establishment of the PPI network and subsequent topological analysis highlighted key hub genes, including CD44, CD163, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1, cytochrome b-245 beta chain, versican, membrane spanning 4-domains A4A, mitogen-activated protein kinase 14, and early growth response 1. Notably, their receiver operating characteristic curves displayed areas exceeding 75%, indicating good diagnostic performance. Moreover, our findings postulated a unique molecular mechanism underlying trauma-related AKI. CONCLUSION This study presents an alternative strategy for the early diagnosis and treatment of trauma-related AKI, based on the identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Additionally, this study provides theoretical references for elucidating the mechanisms of trauma-related AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qi
- Department of Emergency, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Meng-Jie Huang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xue-Wen Ren
- Department of Emergency, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yong-Zhi Zhai
- Department of Emergency, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Hai-Yan Zhu
- Department of Emergency, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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18
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Alhamami M. One decade of "English as a medium of instruction" (EMI) in healthcare education. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1296563. [PMID: 38487028 PMCID: PMC10937345 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1296563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This paper analyzes published healthcare studies about "English as a medium of instruction" (EMI), indexed in the Scopus database from 2013 to 2022. Methods The author used published criteria of systematic reviews and limited the findings to healthcare education using several key terms; this returned 137 articles. The author then downloaded and carefully read the articles. The majority of articles (102) were deleted because they did not meet the selection criteria discussed in the methods section, thus the final list comprised 35 research studies. Next, the author analyzed the articles' bibliometric indexes, such as author, funding information, context, research instruments, years of publication, place of publication, and citations. In addition, the key findings and recommendations of these studies were presented. Results and discussion Most of the studies assessed were conducted in the last five years in Arabic speaking countries by non-language specialists, and the language of instruction was not the main focus of the studies. The studies were most often about attitudes of students, and used quantitative methods such as questionnaires. The results show diverse and conflicted results such as positive impacts and positive attitudes in some cases, negative impacts and attitudes in others, and preferences for either monolingual or bilingual approaches. The findings demonstrate the need for experimental and rigorous mixed methods studies that involve different stakeholders and are conducted by both applied linguists and healthcare education specialists. Future research should move beyond student attitudes and utilize rigorous mixed methods involving researchers from both linguistics and healthcare education to deepen our understanding of EMI's complex impact in diverse contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munassir Alhamami
- English Department, Faculty of Languages and Translation, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang J, Zhang J, Jin J, Jiang X, Yang L, Fan S, Zhang Q, Chi M. Artificial intelligence applied in cardiovascular disease: a bibliometric and visual analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1323918. [PMID: 38433757 PMCID: PMC10904648 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1323918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background With the rapid development of technology, artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used in the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Facts have proved that AI has broad application prospects in rapid and accurate diagnosis. Objective This study mainly summarizes the research on the application of AI in the field of cardiovascular disease through bibliometric analysis and explores possible future research hotpots. Methods The articles and reviews regarding application of AI in cardiovascular disease between 2000 and 2023 were selected from Web of Science Core Collection on 30 December 2023. Microsoft Excel 2019 was applied to analyze the targeted variables. VOSviewer (version 1.6.16), Citespace (version 6.2.R2), and a widely used online bibliometric platform were used to conduct co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence analysis of countries, institutions, authors, references, and keywords in this field. Results A total of 4,611 articles were selected in this study. AI-related research on cardiovascular disease increased exponentially in recent years, of which the USA was the most productive country with 1,360 publications, and had close cooperation with many countries. The most productive institutions and researchers were the Cedar sinai medical center and Acharya, Ur. However, the cooperation among most institutions or researchers was not close even if the high research outputs. Circulation is the journal with the largest number of publications in this field. The most important keywords are "classification", "diagnosis", and "risk". Meanwhile, the current research hotpots were "late gadolinium enhancement" and "carotid ultrasound". Conclusions AI has broad application prospects in cardiovascular disease, and a growing number of scholars are devoted to AI-related research on cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular imaging techniques and the selection of appropriate algorithms represent the most extensively studied areas, and a considerable boost in these areas is predicted in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirong Zhang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jimei Zhang
- College of Public Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Juan Jin
- The First Department of Cardiovascular, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, HL, China
| | - Xicheng Jiang
- College of basic medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, HL, China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Cardiovascular Disease Branch, Dalian Second People's Hospital, Dalian, LN, China
| | - Shiqi Fan
- Harbin hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, Harbin, HL, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, HL, China
| | - Ming Chi
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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20
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Lee YH, Won JH, Auh QS, Noh YK, Lee SW. Prediction of xerostomia in elderly based on clinical characteristics and salivary flow rate with machine learning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3423. [PMID: 38341514 PMCID: PMC10858905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Xerostomia may be accompanied by changes in salivary flow rate and the incidence increases in elderly. We aimed to use machine learning algorithms, to identify significant predictors for the presence of xerostomia. This study is the first to predict xerostomia with salivary flow rate in elderly based on artificial intelligence. In a cross-sectional study, 829 patients with oral discomfort were enrolled, and six features (sex, age, unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates (UFR and SFR, respectively), number of systemic diseases, and medication usage) were used in four machine learning algorithms to predict the presence of xerostomia. The incidence of xerostomia increased with age. The SFR was significantly higher than the UFR, and the UFR and SFR were significantly correlated. The UFR, but not SFR, decreased with age significantly. In patients more than 60 years of age, the UFR had a significantly higher predictive accuracy for xerostomia than the SFR. Using machine learning algorithms with tenfold cross-validation, the prediction accuracy increased significantly. In particular, the prediction accuracy of the multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithm that combined UFR and SFR data was significantly better than either UFR or SFR individually. Moreover, when sex, age, number of systemic diseases, and number of medications were added to the MLP model, the prediction accuracy increased from 56 to 68%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hee Lee
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, #613 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
| | - Jong Hyun Won
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 02455, Korea
| | - Q-Schick Auh
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, #613 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Yung-Kyun Noh
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 02455, Korea
- School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study (KIAS), Seoul, 02455, Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Lee
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, #101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
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Iskrov G, Raycheva R, Kostadinov K, Gillner S, Blankart CR, Gross ES, Gumus G, Mitova E, Stefanov S, Stefanov G, Stefanov R. Are the European reference networks for rare diseases ready to embrace machine learning? A mixed-methods study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:25. [PMID: 38273306 PMCID: PMC10809751 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The delay in diagnosis for rare disease (RD) patients is often longer than for patients with common diseases. Machine learning (ML) technologies have the potential to speed up and increase the precision of diagnosis in this population group. We aim to explore the expectations and experiences of the members of the European Reference Networks (ERNs) for RDs with those technologies and their potential for application. METHODS We used a mixed-methods approach with an online survey followed by a focus group discussion. Our study targeted primarily medical professionals but also other individuals affiliated with any of the 24 ERNs. RESULTS The online survey yielded 423 responses from ERN members. Participants reported a limited degree of knowledge of and experience with ML technologies. They considered improved diagnostic accuracy the most important potential benefit, closely followed by the synthesis of clinical information, and indicated the lack of training in these new technologies, which hinders adoption and implementation in routine care. Most respondents supported the option that ML should be an optional but recommended part of the diagnostic process for RDs. Most ERN members saw the use of ML limited to specialised units only in the next 5 years, where those technologies should be funded by public sources. Focus group discussions concluded that the potential of ML technologies is substantial and confirmed that the technologies will have an important impact on healthcare and RDs in particular. As ML technologies are not the core competency of health care professionals, participants deemed a close collaboration with developers necessary to ensure that results are valid and reliable. However, based on our results, we call for more research to understand other stakeholders' opinions and expectations, including the views of patient organisations. CONCLUSIONS We found enthusiasm to implement and apply ML technologies, especially diagnostic tools in the field of RDs, despite the perceived lack of experience. Early dialogue and collaboration between health care professionals, developers, industry, policymakers, and patient associations seem to be crucial to building trust, improving performance, and ultimately increasing the willingness to accept diagnostics based on ML technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi Iskrov
- Institute for Rare Diseases, 22 Maestro G. Atanasov St., 4017, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Ralitsa Raycheva
- Institute for Rare Diseases, 22 Maestro G. Atanasov St., 4017, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Kostadin Kostadinov
- Institute for Rare Diseases, 22 Maestro G. Atanasov St., 4017, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Sandra Gillner
- KPM Center for Public Management, University of Bern, Freiburgstr. 3, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine (Sitem-Insel), Freiburgstr. 3, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carl Rudolf Blankart
- KPM Center for Public Management, University of Bern, Freiburgstr. 3, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine (Sitem-Insel), Freiburgstr. 3, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Edith Sky Gross
- EURORDIS - Rare Diseases Europe, 96 Rue Didot, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Gulcin Gumus
- EURORDIS - Rare Diseases Europe, 96 Rue Didot, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Elena Mitova
- Institute for Rare Diseases, 22 Maestro G. Atanasov St., 4017, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Stefan Stefanov
- Institute for Rare Diseases, 22 Maestro G. Atanasov St., 4017, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Epidemiology and Disaster Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Stefanov
- Institute for Rare Diseases, 22 Maestro G. Atanasov St., 4017, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Rumen Stefanov
- Institute for Rare Diseases, 22 Maestro G. Atanasov St., 4017, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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22
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Ma M, Wang M, Gao B, Li Y, Huang J, Chen H. Research on Multimodal Fusion of Temporal Electronic Medical Records. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:94. [PMID: 38247971 PMCID: PMC10813197 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The surge in deep learning-driven EMR research has centered on harnessing diverse data forms. Yet, the amalgamation of diverse modalities within time series data remains an underexplored realm. This study probes a multimodal fusion approach, merging temporal and non-temporal clinical notes along with tabular data. We leveraged data from 1271 myocardial infarction and 6450 stroke inpatients at a Beijing tertiary hospital. Our dataset encompassed static, and time series note data, coupled with static and time series table data. The temporal data underwent a preprocessing phase, padding to a 30-day interval, and segmenting into 3-day sub-sequences. These were fed into a long short-term memory (LSTM) network for sub-sequence representation. Multimodal attention gates were implemented for both static and temporal subsequence representations, culminating in fused representations. An attention-backtracking module was introduced for the latter, adept at capturing enduring dependencies in temporal fused representations. The concatenated results were channeled into an LSTM to yield the ultimate fused representation. Initially, two note modalities were designated as primary modes, and subsequently, the proposed fusion model was compared with comparative models including recent models such as Crossformer. The proposed model consistently exhibited superior predictive prowess in both tasks. Removing the attention-backtracking module led to performance decline. The proposed model consistently shows excellent predictive capabilities in both tasks. The proposed method not only effectively integrates data from the four modalities, but also has a good understanding of how to handle irregular time series data and lengthy clinical texts. An effective method is provided, which is expected to be more widely used in multimodal medical data representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moxuan Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You An Men, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; (M.M.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You An Men, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Muyu Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You An Men, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; (M.M.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You An Men, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Binyu Gao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You An Men, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; (M.M.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You An Men, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yichen Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You An Men, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; (M.M.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You An Men, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You An Men, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; (M.M.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You An Men, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You An Men, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; (M.M.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You An Men, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
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23
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Zheng JX, Li X, Zhu J, Guan SY, Zhang SX, Wang WM. Interpretable machine learning for predicting chronic kidney disease progression risk. Digit Health 2024; 10:20552076231224225. [PMID: 38235416 PMCID: PMC10793198 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231224225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a major global health burden. Early CKD risk prediction enables timely interventions, but conventional models have limited accuracy. Machine learning (ML) enhances prediction, but interpretability is needed to support clinical usage with both in diagnostic and decision-making. Methods A cohort of 491 patients with clinical data was collected for this study. The dataset was randomly split into an 80% training set and a 20% testing set. To achieve the first objective, we developed four ML algorithms (logistic regression, random forests, neural networks, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)) to classify patients into two classes-those who progressed to CKD stages 3-5 during follow-up (positive class) and those who did not (negative class). For the classification task, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) was used to evaluate model performance in discriminating between the two classes. For survival analysis, Cox proportional hazards regression (COX) and random survival forests (RSFs) were employed to predict CKD progression, and the concordance index (C-index) and integrated Brier score were used for model evaluation. Furthermore, variable importance, partial dependence plots, and restrict cubic splines were used to interpret the models' results. Results XGBOOST demonstrated the best predictive performance for CKD progression in the classification task, with an AUC-ROC of 0.867 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.728-0.100), outperforming the other ML algorithms. In survival analysis, RSF showed slightly better discrimination and calibration on the test set compared to COX, indicating better generalization to new data. Variable importance analysis identified estimated glomerular filtration rate, age, and creatinine as the most important predictors for CKD survival analysis. Further analysis revealed non-linear associations between age and CKD progression, suggesting higher risks in patients aged 52-55 and 65-66 years. The association between cholesterol levels and CKD progression was also non-linear, with lower risks observed when cholesterol levels were in the range of 5.8-6.4 mmol/L. Conclusions Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of interpretable ML models for predicting CKD progression. The comparison between COX and RSF highlighted the advantages of ML in survival analysis, particularly in handling non-linearity and high-dimensional data. By leveraging interpretable ML for unraveling risk factor relationships, contrasting predictive techniques, and exposing non-linear associations, this study significantly advances CKD risk prediction to enable enhanced clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi-Yang Guan
- Department of Statistics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shun-Xian Zhang
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research – Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Ming Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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24
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Haider NS, Behera AK. Computerized respiratory sound based diagnosis of pneumonia. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024; 62:95-106. [PMID: 37723381 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-023-02935-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Globally, respiratory disorders are a great health burden, affecting as well as destroying human lives; pneumonia is one among them. Pneumonia stages can progress from mild stage to even towards deadly if it is misdiagnosed. Misdiagnosis happens as it exhibits the symptoms identical to other respiratory diseases. Respiratory sound (RS)-based detection of pneumonia could be the most perfect, convenient, as well as the economical solution to this serious problem. This paper presents a novel method to detect pneumonia based on RS. This study is carried out over 310 pneumonia RS and 318 healthy RS, recorded from a hospital. The noises from each RS are eliminated using the Butterworth band pass filter and sparsity-assisted signal smoothing algorithm. Approximate entropy, Shannon entropy, fractal dimension, and largest Lyapunov exponent are the nonlinear features, which are extracted from each denoised RS. The extracted features are inputted to support vector machine classifiers to distinguish pneumonia RS and healthy RS. This method discriminates against pneumonia and healthy RS with 99.8% classification accuracy, 99.8% sensitivity, 99.6% specificity, 99.6% positive predictive value, 99.6% F1-score, and area under curve value of 1.0. Future endeavours will be to examine the efficacy of the proposed algorithm to diagnose pneumonia from the real-time RS acquired from a pneumonia patient in a hospital. This proposed work could be a great support to clinicians in diagnosing pneumonia based on RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishi Shahnaj Haider
- Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560054, India.
| | - Ajoy K Behera
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and TB, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492099, India
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25
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YOUSEF M, ALLMER J. Deep learning in bioinformatics. Turk J Biol 2023; 47:366-382. [PMID: 38681776 PMCID: PMC11045206 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0152.2671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep learning is a powerful machine learning technique that can learn from large amounts of data using multiple layers of artificial neural networks. This paper reviews some applications of deep learning in bioinformatics, a field that deals with analyzing and interpreting biological data. We first introduce the basic concepts of deep learning and then survey the recent advances and challenges of applying deep learning to various bioinformatics problems, such as genome sequencing, gene expression analysis, protein structure prediction, drug discovery, and disease diagnosis. We also discuss future directions and opportunities for deep learning in bioinformatics. We aim to provide an overview of deep learning so that bioinformaticians applying deep learning models can consider all critical technical and ethical aspects. Thus, our target audience is biomedical informatics researchers who use deep learning models for inference. This review will inspire more bioinformatics researchers to adopt deep-learning methods for their research questions while considering fairness, potential biases, explainability, and accountability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik YOUSEF
- Department of Information Systems, Zefat Academic College, Zefat,
Israel
| | - Jens ALLMER
- Medical Informatics and Bioinformatics, Institute for Measurement Engineering and Sensor Technology, Hochschule Ruhr West, University of Applied Sciences, Mülheim an der Ruhr,
Germany
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26
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Pietan L, Vaughn H, Howe JR, Bellizzi AM, Smith BJ, Darbro B, Braun T, Casavant T. Prioritization of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Probes for Differentiating Primary Sites of Neuroendocrine Tumors with Machine Learning. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17401. [PMID: 38139230 PMCID: PMC10743810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining neuroendocrine tumor (NET) primary sites is pivotal for patient care as pancreatic NETs (pNETs) and small bowel NETs (sbNETs) have distinct treatment approaches. The diagnostic power and prioritization of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay biomarkers for establishing primary sites has not been thoroughly investigated using machine learning (ML) techniques. We trained ML models on FISH assay metrics from 85 sbNET and 59 pNET samples for primary site prediction. Exploring multiple methods for imputing missing data, the impute-by-median dataset coupled with a support vector machine model achieved the highest classification accuracy of 93.1% on a held-out test set, with the top importance variables originating from the ERBB2 FISH probe. Due to the greater interpretability of decision tree (DT) models, we fit DT models to ten dataset splits, achieving optimal performance with k-nearest neighbor (KNN) imputed data and a transformation to single categorical biomarker probe variables, with a mean accuracy of 81.4%, on held-out test sets. ERBB2 and MET variables ranked as top-performing features in 9 of 10 DT models and the full dataset model. These findings offer probabilistic guidance for FISH testing, emphasizing the prioritization of the ERBB2, SMAD4, and CDKN2A FISH probes in diagnosing NET primary sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Pietan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (L.P.); (H.V.); (T.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hayley Vaughn
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (L.P.); (H.V.); (T.B.)
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - James R. Howe
- Healthcare Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | | | - Brian J. Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Benjamin Darbro
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (L.P.); (H.V.); (T.B.)
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Terry Braun
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (L.P.); (H.V.); (T.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Thomas Casavant
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (L.P.); (H.V.); (T.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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27
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Paranjape PR, Thai-Paquette V, Miamidian JL, Parr J, Kazin EA, McLaren A, Toler K, Deirmengian C. Achieving High Accuracy in Predicting the Probability of Periprosthetic Joint Infection From Synovial Fluid in Patients Undergoing Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: The Development and Validation of a Multivariable Machine Learning Algorithm. Cureus 2023; 15:e51036. [PMID: 38143730 PMCID: PMC10749183 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective The current periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) diagnostic guidelines require clinicians to interpret and integrate multiple criteria into a complex scoring system. Also, PJI classifications are often inconclusive, failing to provide a clinical diagnosis. Machine learning (ML) models could be leveraged to reduce reliance on these complex systems and thereby reduce diagnostic uncertainty. This study aimed to develop an ML algorithm using synovial fluid (SF) test results to establish a PJI probability score. Methods We used a large clinical laboratory's dataset of SF samples, aspirated from patients with hip or knee arthroplasty as part of a PJI evaluation. Patient age and SF biomarkers [white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage (%PMN), red blood cell count, absorbance at 280 nm wavelength, C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha-defensin (AD), neutrophil elastase, and microbial antigen (MID) tests] were used for model development. Data preprocessing, principal component analysis, and unsupervised clustering (K-means) revealed four clusters of samples that naturally aggregated based on biomarker results. Analysis of the characteristics of each of these four clusters revealed three clusters (n=13,133) with samples having biomarker results typical of a PJI-negative classification and one cluster (n=4,032) with samples having biomarker results typical of a PJI-positive classification. A decision tree model, trained and tested independently of external diagnostic rules, was then developed to match the classification determined by the unsupervised clustering. The performance of the model was assessed versus a modified 2018 International Consensus Meeting (ICM) criteria, in both the test cohort and an independent unlabeled validation set of 5,601 samples. The SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) method was used to explore feature importance. Results The ML model showed an area under the curve of 0.993, with a sensitivity of 98.8%, specificity of 97.3%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 92.9%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.8% in predicting the modified 2018 ICM diagnosis among test set samples. The model maintained its diagnostic accuracy in the validation cohort, yielding 99.1% sensitivity, 97.1% specificity, 91.9% PPV, and 99.9% NPV. The model's inconclusive rate (diagnostic probability between 20-80%) in the validation cohort was only 1.3%, lower than that observed with the modified 2018 ICM PJI classification (7.4%; p<0.001). The SHAP analysis found that AD was the most important feature in the model, exhibiting dominance among >95% of "infected" and "not infected" diagnoses. Other important features were the sum of the MID test panel, %PMN, and SF-CRP. Conclusions Although defined methods and tools for diagnosis of PJI using multiple biomarker criteria are available, they are not consistently applied or widely implemented. There is a need for algorithmic interpretation of these biomarkers to enable consistent interpretation of the results to drive treatment decisions. The new model, using clinical parameters measured from a patient's SF sample, renders a preoperative probability score for PJI which performs well compared to a modified 2018 ICM definition. Taken together with other clinical signs, this model has the potential to increase the accuracy of clinical evaluations and reduce the rate of inconclusive classification, thereby enabling more appropriate and expedited downstream treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl R Paranjape
- Department of Diagnostics Research and Development, Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, USA
| | - Van Thai-Paquette
- Department of Diagnostics Research and Development, Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, USA
| | - John L Miamidian
- Department of Diagnostics Research and Development, Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, USA
| | - Jim Parr
- Department of Data Science and Machine Learning, Zimmer Biomet, Swindon, GBR
| | - Eyal A Kazin
- Department of Data Science and Machine Learning, Zimmer Biomet, Swindon, GBR
| | - Alex McLaren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, USA
| | - Krista Toler
- Department of Diagnostics Research and Development, Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, USA
| | - Carl Deirmengian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
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28
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Caiafa CF, Sun Z, Tanaka T, Marti-Puig P, Solé-Casals J. Special Issue "Machine Learning Methods for Biomedical Data Analysis". SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9377. [PMID: 38067750 PMCID: PMC10708713 DOI: 10.3390/s23239377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning is an effective method for developing automatic algorithms for analysing sophisticated biomedical data [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar F. Caiafa
- Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía—CCT La Plata, CONICET/CIC-PBA/UNLP, V. Elisa 1894, Argentina
| | - Zhe Sun
- Computational Engineering Applications Unit, Head Office for Information Systems and Cybersecurity, RIKEN, Wako-Shi 351-0198, Japan;
| | - Toshihisa Tanaka
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan;
| | - Pere Marti-Puig
- Data and Signal Processing Research Group, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Jordi Solé-Casals
- Data and Signal Processing Research Group, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Catalonia, Spain;
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29
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Zhunissova U, Dzierżak R, Omiotek Z, Lytvynenko V. A Novel COVID-19 Diagnosis Approach Utilizing a Comprehensive Set of Diagnostic Information (CSDI). J Clin Med 2023; 12:6912. [PMID: 37959377 PMCID: PMC10649663 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop a computerized method for distinguishing COVID-19-affected cases from cases of pneumonia. This task continues to be a real challenge in the practice of diagnosing COVID-19 disease. In the study, a new approach was proposed, using a comprehensive set of diagnostic information (CSDI) including, among other things, medical history, demographic data, signs and symptoms of the disease, and laboratory results. These data have the advantage of being much more reliable compared with data based on a single source of information, such as radiological imaging. On this basis, a comprehensive process of building predictive models was carried out, including such steps as data preprocessing, feature selection, training, and evaluation of classification models. During the study, 9 different methods for feature selection were used, while the grid search method and 12 popular classification algorithms were employed to build classification models. The most effective model achieved a classification accuracy (ACC) of 85%, a sensitivity (TPR) equal to 83%, and a specificity (TNR) of 88%. The model was built using the random forest method with 15 features selected using the recursive feature elimination selection method. The results provide an opportunity to build a computer system to assist the physician in the diagnosis of the COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulzhalgas Zhunissova
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Information Technologies, Astana Medical University, Beibitshilik Street 49A, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Róża Dzierżak
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38 A, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Omiotek
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38 A, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Volodymyr Lytvynenko
- Department of Informatics and Computer Science, Kherson National Technical University, Beryslavs’ke Hwy, 24, 730082 Kherson, Kherson Oblast, Ukraine
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30
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Huang J, Tang X, Chen Z, Li X, Zhang Y, Huang X, Zhang D, An G, Lee HJ. Rapid azoospermia classification by stimulated Raman scattering and second harmonic generation microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5569-5582. [PMID: 38021145 PMCID: PMC10659792 DOI: 10.1364/boe.501623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Disease diagnosis and classification pose significant challenges due to the limited capabilities of traditional methods to obtain molecular information with spatial distribution. Optical imaging techniques, utilizing (auto)fluorescence and nonlinear optical signals, introduce new dimensions for biomarkers exploration that can improve diagnosis and classification. Nevertheless, these signals often cover only a limited number of species, impeding a comprehensive assessment of the tissue microenvironment, which is crucial for effective disease diagnosis and therapy. To address this challenge, we developed a multimodal platform, termed stimulated Raman scattering and second harmonic generation microscopy (SRASH), capable of simultaneously providing both chemical bonds and structural information of tissues. Applying SRASH imaging to azoospermia patient samples, we successfully identified lipids, protein, and collagen contrasts, unveiling molecular and structural signatures for non-obstructive azoospermia. This achievement is facilitated by LiteBlendNet-Dx (LBNet-Dx), our diagnostic algorithm, which achieved an outstanding 100% sample-level accuracy in classifying azoospermia, surpassing conventional imaging modalities. As a label-free technique, SRASH imaging eliminates the requirement for sample pre-treatment, demonstrating great potential for clinical translation and enabling molecular imaging-based diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Zhejiang Polytechnic Institute, Polytechnic Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaobin Tang
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Quantum Information, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhicong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Quantum Information, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiangjie Huang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Delong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Quantum Information, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Geng An
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Hyeon Jeong Lee
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Garg P, Mohanty A, Ramisetty S, Kulkarni P, Horne D, Pisick E, Salgia R, Singhal SS. Artificial intelligence and allied subsets in early detection and preclusion of gynecological cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189026. [PMID: 37980945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Gynecological cancers including breast, cervical, ovarian, uterine, and vaginal, pose the greatest threat to world health, with early identification being crucial to patient outcomes and survival rates. The application of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches to the study of gynecological cancer has shown potential to revolutionize cancer detection and diagnosis. The current review outlines the significant advancements, obstacles, and prospects brought about by AI and ML technologies in the timely identification and accurate diagnosis of different types of gynecological cancers. The AI-powered technologies can use genomic data to discover genetic alterations and biomarkers linked to a particular form of gynecologic cancer, assisting in the creation of targeted treatments. Furthermore, it has been shown that the potential benefits of AI and ML technologies in gynecologic tumors can greatly increase the accuracy and efficacy of cancer diagnosis, reduce diagnostic delays, and possibly eliminate the need for needless invasive operations. In conclusion, the review focused on the integrative part of AI and ML based tools and techniques in the early detection and exclusion of various cancer types; together with a collaborative coordination between research clinicians, data scientists, and regulatory authorities, which is suggested to realize the full potential of AI and ML in gynecologic cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Garg
- Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - Atish Mohanty
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sravani Ramisetty
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David Horne
- Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Evan Pisick
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope, Chicago, IL 60099, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sharad S Singhal
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Pereira MG, Vilaça M, Braga D, Madureira A, Da Silva J, Santos D, Carvalho E. Healing profiles in patients with a chronic diabetic foot ulcer: An exploratory study with machine learning. Wound Repair Regen 2023; 31:793-803. [PMID: 38073283 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are one of the most frequent and debilitating complications of diabetes. DFU wound healing is a highly complex process, resulting in significant medical, economic and social challenges. Therefore, early identification of patients with a high-risk profile would be important to adequate treatment and more successful health outcomes. This study explores risk assessment profiles for DFU healing and healing prognosis, using machine learning predictive approaches and decision tree algorithms. Patients were evaluated at baseline (T0; N = 158) and 2 months later (T1; N = 108) on sociodemographic, clinical, biochemical and psychological variables. The performance evaluation of the models comprised F1-score, accuracy, precision and recall. Only profiles with F1-score >0.7 were selected for analysis. According to the two profiles generated for DFU healing, the most important predictive factors were illness representations on T1 IPQ-B (IPQ-B ≤ 9.5 and < 10.5) and the DFU duration (≤ 13 weeks). The two predictive models for DFU healing prognosis suggest that biochemical factors are the best predictors of a favorable healing prognosis, namely IL-6, microRNA-146a-5p and PECAM-1 at T0 and angiopoietin-2 at T1. Illness perception at T0 (IPQ-B ≤ 39.5) also emerged as a relevant predictor for healing prognosis. The results emphasize the importance of DFU duration, illness perception and biochemical markers as predictors of healing in chronic DFUs. Future research is needed to confirm and test the obtained predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Graça Pereira
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Margarida Vilaça
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Diogo Braga
- Interdisciplinary Studies Research Center (ISRC), ISEP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Madureira
- Interdisciplinary Studies Research Center (ISRC), ISEP, Porto, Portugal
- ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INOV), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jéssica Da Silva
- PhD Program in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Center for Innovative Biotechnology and Biomedicine (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Santos
- PhD Program in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Center for Innovative Biotechnology and Biomedicine (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Center for Innovative Biotechnology and Biomedicine (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Liu J, Zhang C, Shan Z. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Orthodontics: Current State and Future Perspectives. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2760. [PMID: 37893833 PMCID: PMC10606213 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11202760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been the notable emergency of artificial intelligence (AI) as a transformative force in multiple domains, including orthodontics. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the present state of AI applications in orthodontics, which can be categorized into the following domains: (1) diagnosis, including cephalometric analysis, dental analysis, facial analysis, skeletal-maturation-stage determination and upper-airway obstruction assessment; (2) treatment planning, including decision making for extractions and orthognathic surgery, and treatment outcome prediction; and (3) clinical practice, including practice guidance, remote care, and clinical documentation. We have witnessed a broadening of the application of AI in orthodontics, accompanied by advancements in its performance. Additionally, this review outlines the existing limitations within the field and offers future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Liu
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Zhiyi Shan
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
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Mizrahi L, Choudhary A, Ofer P, Goldberg G, Milanesi E, Kelsoe JR, Gurwitz D, Alda M, Gage FH, Stern S. Immunoglobulin genes expressed in lymphoblastoid cell lines discern and predict lithium response in bipolar disorder patients. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4280-4293. [PMID: 37488168 PMCID: PMC10827667 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a neuropsychiatric mood disorder manifested by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. More than half of BD patients are non-responsive to lithium, the first-line treatment drug, complicating BD clinical management. Given its unknown etiology, it is pertinent to understand the genetic signatures that lead to variability in lithium response. We discovered a set of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) of 10 controls and 19 BD patients belonging mainly to the immunoglobulin gene family that can be used as potential biomarkers to diagnose and treat BD. Importantly, we trained machine learning algorithms on our datasets that predicted the lithium response of BD subtypes with minimal errors, even when used on a different cohort of 24 BD patients acquired by a different laboratory. This proves the scalability of our methodology for predicting lithium response in BD and for a prompt and suitable decision on therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Mizrahi
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Ashwani Choudhary
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Polina Ofer
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Gabriela Goldberg
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Elena Milanesi
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 050096, Romania
| | - John R Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - David Gurwitz
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 2E2, Canada
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Shani Stern
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel.
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Abdelhamid N, Thind R, Mohammad H, Thabtah F. Assessing Autistic Traits in Toddlers Using a Data-Driven Approach with DSM-5 Mapping. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1131. [PMID: 37892861 PMCID: PMC10604105 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that characterises a range of people, from individuals who are not able to speak to others who have good verbal communications. The disorder affects the way people see, think, and behave, including their communications and social interactions. Identifying autistic traits, preferably in the early stages, is fundamental for clinicians in expediting referrals, and hence enabling patients to access to required healthcare services. This article investigates various ASD behavioral features in toddlers and proposes a data process using machine-learning techniques. The aims of this study were to identify early behavioral features that can help detect ASD in toddlers and to map these features to the neurodevelopment behavioral areas of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). To achieve these aims, the proposed data process assesses several behavioral features using feature selection techniques, then constructs a classification model based on the chosen features. The empirical results show that during the screening process of toddlers, cognitive features related to communications, social interactions, and repetitive behaviors were most relevant to ASD. For the machine-learning algorithms, the predictive accuracy of Bayesian network (Bayes Net) and logistic regression (LR) models derived from ASD behavioral data subsets were consistent pinpointing to the suitability of ML techniques in predicting ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Abdelhamid
- Abu Dhabi School of Management, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 6844, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rajdeep Thind
- Manukau Institute of Technology, Auckland 2023, New Zealand
| | - Heba Mohammad
- Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 25026, United Arab Emirates
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Rampogu S. A review on the use of machine learning techniques in monkeypox disease prediction. SCIENCE IN ONE HEALTH 2023; 2:100040. [PMID: 39077048 PMCID: PMC11262284 DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2023.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases have posed a global threat recently, progressing from endemic to pandemic. Early detection and finding a better cure are methods for curbing the disease and its transmission. Machine learning (ML) has demonstrated to be an ideal approach for early disease diagnosis. This review highlights the use of ML algorithms for monkeypox (MP). Various models, such as CNN, DL, NLP, Naïve Bayes, GRA-TLA, HMD, ARIMA, SEL, Regression analysis, and Twitter posts were built to extract useful information from the dataset. These findings show that detection, classification, forecasting, and sentiment analysis are primarily analyzed. Furthermore, this review will assist researchers in understanding the latest implementations of ML in MP and further progress in the field to discover potent therapeutics.
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Alowais SA, Alghamdi SS, Alsuhebany N, Alqahtani T, Alshaya AI, Almohareb SN, Aldairem A, Alrashed M, Bin Saleh K, Badreldin HA, Al Yami MS, Al Harbi S, Albekairy AM. Revolutionizing healthcare: the role of artificial intelligence in clinical practice. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:689. [PMID: 37740191 PMCID: PMC10517477 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04698-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Healthcare systems are complex and challenging for all stakeholders, but artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed various fields, including healthcare, with the potential to improve patient care and quality of life. Rapid AI advancements can revolutionize healthcare by integrating it into clinical practice. Reporting AI's role in clinical practice is crucial for successful implementation by equipping healthcare providers with essential knowledge and tools. RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE This review article provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the current state of AI in clinical practice, including its potential applications in disease diagnosis, treatment recommendations, and patient engagement. It also discusses the associated challenges, covering ethical and legal considerations and the need for human expertise. By doing so, it enhances understanding of AI's significance in healthcare and supports healthcare organizations in effectively adopting AI technologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current investigation analyzed the use of AI in the healthcare system with a comprehensive review of relevant indexed literature, such as PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and EMBASE, with no time constraints but limited to articles published in English. The focused question explores the impact of applying AI in healthcare settings and the potential outcomes of this application. RESULTS Integrating AI into healthcare holds excellent potential for improving disease diagnosis, treatment selection, and clinical laboratory testing. AI tools can leverage large datasets and identify patterns to surpass human performance in several healthcare aspects. AI offers increased accuracy, reduced costs, and time savings while minimizing human errors. It can revolutionize personalized medicine, optimize medication dosages, enhance population health management, establish guidelines, provide virtual health assistants, support mental health care, improve patient education, and influence patient-physician trust. CONCLUSION AI can be used to diagnose diseases, develop personalized treatment plans, and assist clinicians with decision-making. Rather than simply automating tasks, AI is about developing technologies that can enhance patient care across healthcare settings. However, challenges related to data privacy, bias, and the need for human expertise must be addressed for the responsible and effective implementation of AI in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuroug A Alowais
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Prince Mutib Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abdulaziz Rd, Riyadh, 14611, Saudi Arabia.
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sahar S Alghamdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Alsuhebany
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Prince Mutib Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abdulaziz Rd, Riyadh, 14611, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Alqahtani
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman I Alshaya
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Prince Mutib Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abdulaziz Rd, Riyadh, 14611, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumaya N Almohareb
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Prince Mutib Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abdulaziz Rd, Riyadh, 14611, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer Aldairem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Prince Mutib Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abdulaziz Rd, Riyadh, 14611, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alrashed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Prince Mutib Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abdulaziz Rd, Riyadh, 14611, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Bin Saleh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Prince Mutib Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abdulaziz Rd, Riyadh, 14611, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham A Badreldin
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Prince Mutib Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abdulaziz Rd, Riyadh, 14611, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S Al Yami
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Prince Mutib Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abdulaziz Rd, Riyadh, 14611, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shmeylan Al Harbi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Prince Mutib Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abdulaziz Rd, Riyadh, 14611, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkareem M Albekairy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Prince Mutib Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abdulaziz Rd, Riyadh, 14611, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Siddiqui HUR, Saleem AA, Raza MA, Villar SG, Lopez LAD, Diez IDLT, Rustam F, Dudley S. Empowering Lower Limb Disorder Identification through PoseNet and Artificial Intelligence. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2881. [PMID: 37761248 PMCID: PMC10530167 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel approach is presented in this study for the classification of lower limb disorders, with a specific emphasis on the knee, hip, and ankle. The research employs gait analysis and the extraction of PoseNet features from video data in order to effectively identify and categorize these disorders. The PoseNet algorithm facilitates the extraction of key body joint movements and positions from videos in a non-invasive and user-friendly manner, thereby offering a comprehensive representation of lower limb movements. The features that are extracted are subsequently standardized and employed as inputs for a range of machine learning algorithms, such as Random Forest, Extra Tree Classifier, Multilayer Perceptron, Artificial Neural Networks, and Convolutional Neural Networks. The models undergo training and testing processes using a dataset consisting of 174 real patients and normal individuals collected at the Tehsil Headquarter Hospital Sadiq Abad. The evaluation of their performance is conducted through the utilization of K-fold cross-validation. The findings exhibit a notable level of accuracy and precision in the classification of various lower limb disorders. Notably, the Artificial Neural Networks model achieves the highest accuracy rate of 98.84%. The proposed methodology exhibits potential in enhancing the diagnosis and treatment planning of lower limb disorders. It presents a non-invasive and efficient method of analyzing gait patterns and identifying particular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafeez Ur Rehman Siddiqui
- Institute of Computer Science, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Abu Dhabi Road, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Punjab, Pakistan; (H.U.R.S.); (A.A.S.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Adil Ali Saleem
- Institute of Computer Science, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Abu Dhabi Road, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Punjab, Pakistan; (H.U.R.S.); (A.A.S.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Muhammad Amjad Raza
- Institute of Computer Science, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Abu Dhabi Road, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Punjab, Pakistan; (H.U.R.S.); (A.A.S.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Santos Gracia Villar
- Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (S.G.V.); (L.A.D.L.)
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
- Department of Extension, Universidade Internacional do Cuanza, Cuito EN250, Bié, Angola
| | - Luis Alonso Dzul Lopez
- Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (S.G.V.); (L.A.D.L.)
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
- Department of Project Management, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Arecibo, PR 00613, USA
| | - Isabel de la Torre Diez
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications and Telematic Engineering, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Furqan Rustam
- School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sandra Dudley
- Bioengineering Research Centre, School of Engineering, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK;
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Marshall AG, Neikirk K, Stephens DC, Vang L, Vue Z, Beasley HK, Crabtree A, Scudese E, Lopez EG, Shao B, Krystofiak E, Rutledge S, Davis J, Murray SA, Damo SM, Katti P, Hinton A. Serial Block Face-Scanning Electron Microscopy as a Burgeoning Technology. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300139. [PMID: 37246236 PMCID: PMC10950369 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM), also referred to as serial block-face electron microscopy, is an advanced ultrastructural imaging technique that enables three-dimensional visualization that provides largerx- and y-axis ranges than other volumetric EM techniques. While SEM is first introduced in the 1930s, SBF-SEM is developed as a novel method to resolve the 3D architecture of neuronal networks across large volumes with nanometer resolution by Denk and Horstmann in 2004. Here, the authors provide an accessible overview of the advantages and challenges associated with SBF-SEM. Beyond this, the applications of SBF-SEM in biochemical domains as well as potential future clinical applications are briefly reviewed. Finally, the alternative forms of artificial intelligence-based segmentation which may contribute to devising a feasible workflow involving SBF-SEM, are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Dominique C Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Estevão Scudese
- Laboratory of Biosciences of Human Motricity (LABIMH) of the Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Sport Sciences and Exercise Laboratory (LaCEE), Catholic University of Petrópolis (UCP), Catholic, 25685-100, Brazil
| | - Edgar Garza Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Evan Krystofiak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sharifa Rutledge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
| | - Jaimaine Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sandra A Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Steven M Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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Shea YF, Lee CMY, Ip WCT, Luk DWA, Wong SSW. Use of GPT-4 to Analyze Medical Records of Patients With Extensive Investigations and Delayed Diagnosis. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2325000. [PMID: 37578798 PMCID: PMC10425828 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.25000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This case series investigates whether analysis of clinical history via a language model system improves diagnostic accuracy in patients with complex and delayed diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yat-Fung Shea
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cynthia Min Yao Lee
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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He M, Cao Y, Chi C, Yang X, Ramin R, Wang S, Yang G, Mukhtorov O, Zhang L, Kazantsev A, Enikeev M, Hu K. Research progress on deep learning in magnetic resonance imaging-based diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer: a review on the current status and perspectives. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1189370. [PMID: 37546423 PMCID: PMC10400334 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1189370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has emerged as a first-line screening and diagnostic tool for prostate cancer, aiding in treatment selection and noninvasive radiotherapy guidance. However, the manual interpretation of MRI data is challenging and time-consuming, which may impact sensitivity and specificity. With recent technological advances, artificial intelligence (AI) in the form of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) based on MRI data has been applied to prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment. Among AI techniques, deep learning involving convolutional neural networks contributes to detection, segmentation, scoring, grading, and prognostic evaluation of prostate cancer. CAD systems have automatic operation, rapid processing, and accuracy, incorporating multiple sequences of multiparametric MRI data of the prostate gland into the deep learning model. Thus, they have become a research direction of great interest, especially in smart healthcare. This review highlights the current progress of deep learning technology in MRI-based diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. The key elements of deep learning-based MRI image processing in CAD systems and radiotherapy of prostate cancer are briefly described, making it understandable not only for radiologists but also for general physicians without specialized imaging interpretation training. Deep learning technology enables lesion identification, detection, and segmentation, grading and scoring of prostate cancer, and prediction of postoperative recurrence and prognostic outcomes. The diagnostic accuracy of deep learning can be improved by optimizing models and algorithms, expanding medical database resources, and combining multi-omics data and comprehensive analysis of various morphological data. Deep learning has the potential to become the key diagnostic method in prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze He
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu Cao
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Changliang Chi
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University (Lequn Branch), Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Rzayev Ramin
- Department of Radiology, The Second University Clinic, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Shuowen Wang
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Guodong Yang
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Otabek Mukhtorov
- Regional State Budgetary Health Care Institution, Kostroma Regional Clinical Hospital named after Korolev E.I. Avenue Mira, Kostroma, Russia
| | - Liqun Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Anton Kazantsev
- Regional State Budgetary Health Care Institution, Kostroma Regional Clinical Hospital named after Korolev E.I. Avenue Mira, Kostroma, Russia
| | - Mikhail Enikeev
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Kebang Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University (Lequn Branch), Changchun, Jilin, China
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Huang KY, Hsu YL, Chen HC, Horng MH, Chung CL, Lin CH, Xu JL, Hou MH. Developing a machine-learning model for real-time prediction of successful extubation in mechanically ventilated patients using time-series ventilator-derived parameters. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1167445. [PMID: 37228399 PMCID: PMC10203709 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1167445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Successful weaning from mechanical ventilation is important for patients admitted to intensive care units. However, models for predicting real-time weaning outcomes remain inadequate. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a machine-learning model for predicting successful extubation only using time-series ventilator-derived parameters with good accuracy. Methods Patients with mechanical ventilation admitted to the Yuanlin Christian Hospital in Taiwan between August 2015 and November 2020 were retrospectively included. A dataset with ventilator-derived parameters was obtained before extubation. Recursive feature elimination was applied to select the most important features. Machine-learning models of logistic regression, random forest (RF), and support vector machine were adopted to predict extubation outcomes. In addition, the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) was employed to address the data imbalance problem. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC), F1 score, and accuracy, along with the 10-fold cross-validation, were used to evaluate prediction performance. Results In this study, 233 patients were included, of whom 28 (12.0%) failed extubation. The six ventilatory variables per 180 s dataset had optimal feature importance. RF exhibited better performance than the others, with an AUC value of 0.976 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.975-0.976), accuracy of 94.0% (95% CI, 93.8-94.3%), and an F1 score of 95.8% (95% CI, 95.7-96.0%). The difference in performance between the RF and the original and SMOTE datasets was small. Conclusion The RF model demonstrated a good performance in predicting successful extubation in mechanically ventilated patients. This algorithm made a precise real-time extubation outcome prediction for patients at different time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Yang Huang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lin Hsu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Statistics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chi Chen
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yuanlin Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hwarng Horng
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yuanlin Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Che-Liang Chung
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yuanlin Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiung Lin
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Recreation and Holistic Wellness, MingDao University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Lang Xu
- Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hon Hou
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Komkov AA, Mazaev VP, Ryazanova SV, Kobak AA, Bazaeva EV, Samochatov DN, Koshkina EV, Bushueva ЕV, Drapkina OM. Application of the program for artificial intelligence analytics of paper text and segmentation by specified parameters in clinical practice. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2023. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of novel technologies using elements of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine is addressed to practical clinical implementation and provision of key issues, including improvement in the use of routine clinical data, aimed at practical relevance, standardization, confidentiality and patient safety.Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of the RuPatient electronic heart record (EHR) system in real clinical practice for extracting and structuring medical data.Material and methods. Extraction and recognition of data using EHR from various following sources: outpatient records, statements, routine medical reports, epicrisis and other structured and unstructured medical information based on the developed technology of intelligent text analytics, optical character recognition, for specified words and phrases, and the use of machine learning elements. A particular criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of EHR is the time spent on filling out electronic medical records compared to real clinical practice.Results. The time of entering and processing information by the recognition system of medical documentation included in the RuPatient EHR was shorter than in standard practice (20,3±1,4 minutes, 25,1±1,5 minutes, respectively, p<0,001), the average time of recognition of documents was 30±4,3 seconds. During the ROC analysis, we determined that the threshold value that allows high accuracy to recognize images of discharge epicrisis using the RuPatient system was 83,5% with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0,76.Conclusions. The developed RuPatient EHR has a medical documentation recognition module for creating structured data based on AI technology elements and can be used in creating an electronic medical history and accumulation of structured data for the implementation of tasks for the practical and scientific use of big data and AI projects in medicine. When using the RuPatient system, the burden on medical staff during document management can be reduced and access to primary medical information simplified.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Komkov
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine; L.A. Vorokhobov City Clinical Hospital № 67
| | - V. P. Mazaev
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - S. V. Ryazanova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | | | - E. V. Bazaeva
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | | | | | | | - O. M. Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
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Tan WY, Hargreaves C, Chen C, Hilal S. A Machine Learning Approach for Early Diagnosis of Cognitive Impairment Using Population-Based Data. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:449-461. [PMID: 36442196 PMCID: PMC9881033 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major mechanisms of dementia and cognitive impairment are vascular and neurodegenerative processes. Early diagnosis of cognitive impairment can facilitate timely interventions to mitigate progression. OBJECTIVE This study aims to develop a reliable machine learning (ML) model using socio-demographics, vascular risk factors, and structural neuroimaging markers for early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in a multi-ethnic Asian population. METHODS The study consisted of 911 participants from the Epidemiology of Dementia in Singapore study (aged 60- 88 years, 49.6% male). Three ML classifiers, logistic regression, support vector machine, and gradient boosting machine, were developed. Prediction results of independent classifiers were combined in a final ensemble model. Model performances were evaluated on test data using F1 score and area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) methods. Post modelling, SHapely Additive exPlanation (SHAP) was applied on the prediction results to identify the predictors that contribute most to the cognitive impairment prediction. FINDINGS The final ensemble model achieved a F1 score and AUC of 0.87 and 0.80 respectively. Accuracy (0.83), sensitivity (0.86), specificity (0.74) and predictive values (positive 0.88 negative 0.72) of the ensemble model were higher compared to the independent classifiers. Age, ethnicity, highest education attainment and neuroimaging markers were identified as important predictors of cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the feasibility of using ML tools to integrate multiple domains of data for reliable diagnosis of early cognitive impairment. The ML model uses easy-to-obtain variables and is scalable for screening individuals with a high risk of developing dementia in a population-based setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ying Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore,
Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carol Hargreaves
- Data Analytics Consulting Centre, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore,
Memory Aging and Cognition Center, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Saima Hilal
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore,
Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore,
Memory Aging and Cognition Center, National University Health System, Singapore,Correspondence to: Saima Hilal, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of
Singapore, Tahir Foundation Building, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-03T, 117549, Singapore. E-mail: ; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National
University of Singapore, Level 4, Block MD3, 16 Medical Drive, 117600, Singapore. Tel.: +65 65165885;
E-mail:
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Albert AJ, Murugan R, Sripriya T. Diagnosis of heart disease using oversampling methods and decision tree classifier in cardiology. RESEARCH ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [PMCID: PMC9792315 DOI: 10.1007/s42600-022-00253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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The Convergence of FTIR and EVs: Emergence Strategy for Non-Invasive Cancer Markers Discovery. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 13:diagnostics13010022. [PMID: 36611313 PMCID: PMC9818376 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In conjunction with imaging analysis, pathology-based assessments of biopsied tissue are the gold standard for diagnosing solid tumors. However, the disadvantages of tissue biopsies, such as being invasive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive, have urged the development of an alternate method, liquid biopsy, that involves sampling and clinical assessment of various bodily fluids for cancer diagnosis. Meanwhile, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are circulating biomarkers that carry molecular profiles of their cell or tissue origins and have emerged as one of the most promising biomarkers for cancer. Owing to the biological information that can be obtained through EVs' membrane surface markers and their cargo loaded with biomolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, EVs have become useful in cancer diagnosis and therapeutic applications. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) allows rapid, non-destructive, label-free molecular profiling of EVs with minimal sample preparation. Since the heterogeneity of EV subpopulations may result in complicated FTIR spectra that are highly diverse, computational-assisted FTIR spectroscopy is employed in many studies to provide fingerprint spectra of malignant and non-malignant samples, allowing classification with high accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. In view of this, FTIR-EV approach carries a great potential in cancer detection. The progression of FTIR-based biomarker identification in EV research, the rationale of the integration of a computationally assisted approach, along with the challenges of clinical translation are the focus of this review.
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Alam MS, Rashid MM, Roy R, Faizabadi AR, Gupta KD, Ahsan MM. Empirical Study of Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis Using Facial Images by Improved Transfer Learning Approach. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:710. [PMID: 36421111 PMCID: PMC9687350 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological illness characterized by deficits in cognition, physical activities, and social skills. There is no specific medication to treat this illness; only early intervention can improve brain functionality. Since there is no medical test to identify ASD, a diagnosis might be challenging. In order to determine a diagnosis, doctors consider the child's behavior and developmental history. The human face can be used as a biomarker as it is one of the potential reflections of the brain and thus can be used as a simple and handy tool for early diagnosis. This study uses several deep convolutional neural network (CNN)-based transfer learning approaches to detect autistic children using the facial image. An empirical study is conducted to select the best optimizer and set of hyperparameters to achieve better prediction accuracy using the CNN model. After training and validating with the optimized setting, the modified Xception model demonstrates the best performance by achieving an accuracy of 95% on the test set, whereas the VGG19, ResNet50V2, MobileNetV2, and EfficientNetB0 achieved 86.5%, 94%, 92%, and 85.8%, accuracy, respectively. Our preliminary computational results demonstrate that our transfer learning approaches outperformed existing methods. Our modified model can be employed to assist doctors and practitioners in validating their initial screening to detect children with ASD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shafiul Alam
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kula Lumpur 43200, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Mahbubur Rashid
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kula Lumpur 43200, Malaysia
| | - Rupal Roy
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kula Lumpur 43200, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Rimaz Faizabadi
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kula Lumpur 43200, Malaysia
| | - Kishor Datta Gupta
- Computer and Information Science, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Md Manjurul Ahsan
- School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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Tracking Health, Performance and Recovery in Athletes Using Machine Learning. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10100160. [PMID: 36287773 PMCID: PMC9611450 DOI: 10.3390/sports10100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Training and competitive periods can temporarily impair the performance of an athlete. This disruption can be short- or long-term, lasting up to several days. We analyzed the health indicators of 3661 athletes during an in-depth medical examination. At the time of inclusion in the study, the athletes were healthy. Instrumental examinations (fluorography, ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity and pelvic organs, echocardiography, electrocardiography, and stress testing “to failure”), laboratory examinations (general urinalysis and biochemical and general clinical blood analysis), and examinations by specialists (ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, surgeon, cardiologist, neurologist, dentist, gynecologist (women), endocrinologist, and therapist) were performed. This study analyzed the significance of determining the indicators involved in the implementation of the “catabolism” and “anabolism” phenotypes using the random forest and multinomial logistic regression machine learning methods. The use of decision forest and multinomial regression models made it possible to identify the most significant indicators of blood and urine biochemistry for the analysis of phenotypes as a characterization of the effectiveness of recovery processes in the post-competitive period in athletes. We found that the parameters of muscle metabolism, such as aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alanine aminotransferase levels, and the parameters of the ornithine cycle, such as creatinine, urea acid, and urea levels, made the most significant contribution to the classification of two types of metabolism: catabolism and anabolism.
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Accurate Numerical Treatment on a Stochastic SIR Epidemic Model with Optimal Control Strategy. TECHNOLOGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/technologies10040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a numerical study has been undertaken on the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) epidemic model that encompasses the mechanisms of the evolution of disease transmission; a prophylactic vaccination strategy in the susceptible populations, depending on the infective individuals. We furnish numerical and graphical simulation combined with explicit series solutions of the proposed model using the New Iterative Method (NIM) and Modified New Iterative Method (MNIM). The analytic-numeric New Iterative Method failed to deliver accurate solution for the large time domain. A new reliable algorithm based on NIM, the coupling of the Laplace transforms, and the New Iterative method is called Modified New Iterative Method (MNIM) which is presented to enhance the validity domain of NIM techniques. The convergence analysis of the MNIM has also been illustrated. The simulation results show that the vaccination strategy can slow down the spread of the epidemic rapidly. Numerical results illustrate the excellent performance of the MNIM and show that the modified method is much more accurate than the NIM.
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Martinez-Delgado GH, Correa-Balan AJ, May-Chan JA, Parra-Elizondo CE, Guzman-Rangel LA, Martinez-Torteya A. Measuring Heart Rate Variability Using Facial Video. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22134690. [PMID: 35808182 PMCID: PMC9269597 DOI: 10.3390/s22134690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has become an important risk assessment tool when diagnosing illnesses related to heart health. HRV is typically measured with an electrocardiogram; however, there are multiple studies that use Photoplethysmography (PPG) instead. Measuring HRV with video is beneficial as a non-invasive, hands-free alternative and represents a more accessible approach. We developed a methodology to extract HRV from video based on face detection algorithms and color augmentation. We applied this methodology to 45 samples. Signals obtained from PPG and video recorded an average mean error of less than 1 bpm when measuring the heart rate of all subjects. Furthermore, utilizing PPG and video, we computed 61 variables related to HRV. We compared each of them with three correlation metrics (i.e., Kendall, Pearson, and Spearman), adjusting them for multiple comparisons with the Benjamini–Hochberg method to control the false discovery rate and to retrieve the q-value when considering statistical significance lower than 0.5. Using these methods, we found significant correlations for 38 variables (e.g., Heart Rate, 0.991; Mean NN Interval, 0.990; and NN Interval Count, 0.955) using time-domain, frequency-domain, and non-linear methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo H. Martinez-Delgado
- Programa de Ingeniería Mecatrónica, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Mexico; (G.H.M.-D.); (A.J.C.-B.); (J.A.M.-C.); (C.E.P.-E.)
| | - Alfredo J. Correa-Balan
- Programa de Ingeniería Mecatrónica, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Mexico; (G.H.M.-D.); (A.J.C.-B.); (J.A.M.-C.); (C.E.P.-E.)
| | - José A. May-Chan
- Programa de Ingeniería Mecatrónica, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Mexico; (G.H.M.-D.); (A.J.C.-B.); (J.A.M.-C.); (C.E.P.-E.)
| | - Carlos E. Parra-Elizondo
- Programa de Ingeniería Mecatrónica, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Mexico; (G.H.M.-D.); (A.J.C.-B.); (J.A.M.-C.); (C.E.P.-E.)
| | - Luis A. Guzman-Rangel
- Programa de Maestría en Ingeniería del Producto, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Mexico;
| | - Antonio Martinez-Torteya
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Tecnologías, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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