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Iftode C, Minda D, Draghici G, Geamantan A, Ursoniu S, Enatescu I. Aspirin-Fisetin Combinatorial Treatment Exerts Cytotoxic and Anti-Migratory Activities in A375 Malignant Melanoma Cells. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1125. [PMID: 39064554 PMCID: PMC11278606 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60071125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Malignant melanoma (MM) remains one of the most aggressive cancers worldwide, presenting a limited number of therapeutic options at present. Aspirin (ASA), a broadly used non-steroid anti-inflammatory medicine, has recently emerged as a candidate for repurposing in cancer management, due to its therapeutic potential in the treatment of several neoplasms which include MM. Fisetin (FIS) is a flavonoid phytoestrogen instilled with multispectral pharmacological activities, including a potent anti-melanoma property. The present study aimed to assess the potential improved anti-neoplastic effect resulting from the association of ASA and FIS for MM therapy. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using the A375 cell line as an experimental model for MM. Cell viability was assessed via the MTT test. Cell morphology and confluence were evaluated using bright-field microscopy. The aspect of cell nuclei and tubulin fibers was observed through immunofluorescence staining. The irritant potential and the anti-angiogenic effect were determined on the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken fertilized eggs. Results: The main findings related herein demonstrated that the ASA 2.5 mM + FIS (5, 10, 15, and 20 µM) combination exerted a higher cytotoxicity in A375 MM cells compared to the individual compounds, which was outlined by the concentration-dependent and massive reduction in cell viability, loss of cell confluence, cell shrinkage and rounding, apoptotic-like nuclear features, constriction and disruption of tubulin filaments, increased apoptotic index, and suppressed migratory ability. ASA 2.5 mM + FIS 20 µM treatment lacked irritant potential on the chorioallantoic membrane and inhibited blood-vessel formation in ovo. Conclusion: These results stand as one of the first contributions presenting the anti-melanoma effect of the ASA + FIS combinatorial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Iftode
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daliana Minda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - George Draghici
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Geamantan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Ursoniu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ileana Enatescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Hartmann T, Passauer J, Hartmann J, Schmidberger L, Kneilling M, Volc S. Basic principles of artificial intelligence in dermatology explained using melanoma. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:339-347. [PMID: 38361141 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) continues to establish itself in the most diverse areas of medicine at an increasingly fast pace. Nevertheless, many healthcare professionals lack the basic technical understanding of how this technology works, which severely limits its application in clinical settings and research. Thus, we would like to discuss the functioning and classification of AI using melanoma as an example in this review to build an understanding of the technology behind AI. For this purpose, elaborate illustrations are used that quickly reveal the technology involved. Previous reviews tend to focus on the potential applications of AI, thereby missing the opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of the subject matter that is so important for clinical application. Malignant melanoma has become a significant burden for healthcare systems. If discovered early, a better prognosis can be expected, which is why skin cancer screening has become increasingly popular and is supported by health insurance. The number of experts remains finite, reducing their availability and leading to longer waiting times. Therefore, innovative ideas need to be implemented to provide the necessary care. Thus, machine learning offers the ability to recognize melanomas from images at a level comparable to experienced dermatologists under optimized conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology, University hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Passauer
- Department of Dermatology, University hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Laura Schmidberger
- Department of Dermatology, University hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Department of Dermatology, University hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Volc
- Department of Dermatology, University hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Hartmann T, Passauer J, Hartmann J, Schmidberger L, Kneilling M, Volc S. Grundprinzipien der künstlichen Intelligenz in der Dermatologie erklärt am Beispiel des Melanoms. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:339-349. [PMID: 38450927 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15322_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDer Einsatz von künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) setzt sich in den verschiedensten Bereichen der Medizin immer schneller durch. Dennoch fehlt vielen medizinischen Kollegen das technische Grundverständnis für die Funktionsweise dieser Technologie, was ihre Anwendung in Klinik und Forschung stark einschränkt. Daher möchten wir in dieser Übersichtsarbeit die Funktionsweise und Klassifizierung der KI am Beispiel des Melanoms erörtern, um ein Verständnis für die Technologie hinter der KI zu schaffen. Dazu werden ausführliche Illustrationen verwendet, die die Technologie schnell erklären. Bisherige Übersichten konzentrieren sich eher auf die potenziellen Anwendungen der KI und verpassen die Gelegenheit, ein tieferes Verständnis für die Materie herauszuarbeiten, das für die klinische Anwendung so wichtig ist. Das maligne Melanom ist zu einer erheblichen Belastung für die Gesundheitssysteme geworden. Bei frühzeitiger Entdeckung ist eine bessere Prognose zu erwarten, weshalb das Hautkrebs‐Screening immer populärer und von den Krankenkassen unterstützt wird. Die Zahl der Fachärzte ist jedoch begrenzt, was ihre Verfügbarkeit einschränkt und zu längeren Wartezeiten führt. Daher müssen innovative Ideen umgesetzt werden, um die notwendige Versorgung zu gewährleisten. Das maschinelle Lernen bietet die Möglichkeit, Melanome auf Bildern zu erkennen, und zwar auf einem Niveau, das mit dem von erfahrenen Dermatologen – unter optimierten Bedingungen – vergleichbar ist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hartmann
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinik, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen
| | - Johannes Passauer
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinik, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen
| | | | | | - Manfred Kneilling
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinik, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen
| | - Sebastian Volc
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinik, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen
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Semiz Y, Aktas E, Topal IO. Demographic and clinical features of cutaneous malignant melanoma patients: A single center cohort study. North Clin Istanb 2023; 10:687-696. [PMID: 37829750 PMCID: PMC10565754 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2022.57255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a worldwide increase in the incidence of malignant melanoma (MM). Although it is a highly aggressive tumor and associated with high mortality and morbidity rates, it is highly curable if diagnosed early. Both genetic and environmental risk factors are associated with MM, which may show geographic variations. In this study we aimed to investigate the demographic and clinical features of cutaneous melanoma patients who are under follow-up in our department and whether there is an association between patients' characteristics and disease features. METHODS Thirty-four patients with cutaneous MM who were under follow-up in the dermatology outpatient clinic, and dermoscopy unit at our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The patients' demographic data and features related to MM were evaluated. RESULTS Nineteen (55.9%) women and 15 (44.1%) men were enrolled in the study. When the patients were evaluated according to their Fitzpatrick skin types, type 2 was the most common in 21 (61.8%) of the patients, followed by type 3 in 9 (26.5%), and 1 in 4 (11.8%) patients. Twenty-two (64.7%) of the patients had a history of regular sun exposure. Twelve (35.3%) patients had a history of working outdoors. Sixteen of the patients (47.1%) had at least one sunburn history during childhood. The mean age at which patients were diagnosed with MM was 50.12±12.67 years. Age at diagnosis was found to be higher in those with actinic keratosis and those with solar lentigo (p=0.030, p=0.030; respectively). It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in terms of localization according to the place of birth of the patients (p=0.007). CONCLUSION We believe that defining the patients' characteristics and developing follow-up strategies accordingly, will improve the treatment rates in melanoma. Dermatologists should schedule personalized follow-up programs for patients who have priorly defined and regional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Semiz
- Department of Dermatology, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Ezgi Aktas
- Department of Dermatology, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Ilteris Oguz Topal
- Department of Dermatology, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye
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Anthony T, Goodman A, Fan J, Gnass RD, Sherman CL, Thomson B. A Rare Disease Presentation of Malignant Fungating Acral Melanoma of the Hand. JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY GLOBAL ONLINE 2023; 5:386-390. [PMID: 37323976 PMCID: PMC10264841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is relatively uncommon and accounts for 1%-3% of all malignant tumors. Malignant melanoma of the hand is exceptionally rare and highly malignant, with rapid progression if left untreated. Early clinical symptoms can be overlooked, and the tumor is often at a late stage when patients seek care, prompting amputation of the affected region. We present a case of a 48-year-old man who presented with a rapidly progressive, large, fungating mass of the distal aspect of the little finger diagnosed as malignant melanoma. We describe the presentation and treatment of this patient, who ultimately underwent partial amputation of the fifth metacarpal. Histologic analysis demonstrated nodular melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Anthony
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA
| | - Aubree Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA
| | - Juston Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA
| | - Ronaldo D. Gnass
- Department of Pathology, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA
| | - Christopher L. Sherman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA
| | - Bryon Thomson
- Department of Radiology, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA
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Deng XH, Du ZS, Wu ZG, Chen Y, Wu XY, Tang LN. The Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Detection of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Malignant Melanoma. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2023; 42:1015-1022. [PMID: 36217560 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the location and characterization value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the detection of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in malignant melanoma. METHODS SLNs and the lymph node network were tracked by subcutaneous injection of ultrasonic contrast agent around the tumor and preoperative localization, and qualitative analyses were performed. The SLNs were also detected by the intraoperative subcutaneous injection of carbon nanoparticles, and the findings were compared with lymph nodes located by CEUS. The accuracy of the preoperative lymph node identification was evaluated by the results of postoperative pathology, which served as the gold standard of detection. RESULTS In 47 patients with malignant melanoma, the mean number of SLNs detected by CEUS was 1.72 ± 0.10, while that by carbon nanoparticle administration it was 1.79 ± 1.07 (P = .371 > .05). Seven cases of lymph node metastasis were detected by CEUS, with a sensitivity of 70.0%, specificity of 97.3%, positive predictive value of 87.5%, negative predictive value of 92.3%, and accuracy of 91.5%. There was high consistency between the findings of CEUS and pathology in differentiating benign and malignant lymph nodes (kappa = 0.726, χ2 = 25.243, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS CEUS can localize and differentiate SLNs in malignant melanoma, and thus, may potentially guide clinical treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Deng
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Shi Du
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhou-Gui Wu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Internal Medical Department, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xian-Yi Wu
- Surgery Department, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Na Tang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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7
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Malignant Melanoma Presenting as Spinal Cord and Pleural Lesions. Case Rep Oncol Med 2023; 2023:9647892. [PMID: 36865766 PMCID: PMC9974269 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9647892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary spinal cord melanoma (PSCM) and primary pleural melanoma (PPM) are extremely rare entities with scarce cases reported in the literature. We present a case of a 54-year-old male diagnosed with possible primary pleural melanoma and primary spinal melanoma, managed with partial surgical resection, postoperative radiotherapy, and chemotherapy consisting of Ipilimumab, nivolumab, and temozolomide. This leads to decreased symptoms and improved quality of life of the patient. In this case report, we review the literature on PSCM and PPM in detail, addressing the pertinent clinical aspects as well as current and upcoming therapeutic options.
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Purohit D, Jalwal P, Manchanda D, Saini S, Verma R, Kaushik D, Mittal V, Kumar M, Bhattacharya T, Rahman MH, Dutt R, Pandey P. Nanocapsules: An Emerging Drug Delivery System. RECENT PATENTS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 17:190-207. [PMID: 35142273 DOI: 10.2174/1872210516666220210113256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlled drug release and site-specific delivery of drugs make nanocapsules the most approbative drug delivery system for various kinds of drugs, bioactive, protein, and peptide compounds. Nanocapsules (NCs) are spherical shape microscopic shells consisting of a core (solid or liquid) in which the drug is positioned in a cavity enclosed by a distinctive polymeric membrane. OBJECTIVES The main objective of the present patent study is to elaborate on various formulation techniques and methods of nanocapsules (NCs). The review also spotlights various biomedical applications as well as on the patents of NCs to date. METHODS The review was extracted from the searches performed using various search engines such as PubMed, Google Patents, Medline, Google Scholars, etc. In order to emphasize the importance of NCs, some published patents of NCs have also been reported in the review. RESULTS NCs are tiny magical shells having incredible reproducibility. Various techniques can be used to formulate NCs. The pharmaceutical performance of the formulated NCs can be judged by evaluating their shape, size, entrapment efficiency, loading capacity, etc., using different analytical techniques. Their main applications are found in the field of agrochemicals, genetic manipulation, cosmetics, hygiene items, strategic distribution of drugs to tumors, nanocapsule bandages to combat infection, and radiotherapy. CONCLUSION In the present review, our team made a deliberate effort to summarize the recent advances in the field of NCs and focus on new patents related to the implementation of NCs delivery systems in the area of some life-threatening disorders like diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Purohit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari, 123401, India
| | - Pawan Jalwal
- Shri Baba Mastnath Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Mastnath University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Deeksha Manchanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari, 123401, India
| | - Sapna Saini
- PDM School of Pharmacy, Karsindhu, Jind, 126102, India
| | - Ravinder Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram, 122103, India
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Vineet Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Tanima Bhattacharya
- Innovation, Incubation and Industry (i-cube) Laboratory, Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur, 313003, Rajasthan, India
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Rohit Dutt
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram, 122103, India
| | - Parijat Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurugram University, Gurugram, 122018, India
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Tabas RY, Ahmadian L, Samadbeik M, Arian A, Ameri A. Determining the readiness of patients with renal failure to use health information technology. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2022; 22:324. [PMID: 36482469 PMCID: PMC9732994 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-022-02073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Using information technology (IT) for purposes such as patient education and disease prevention and management is effective when patients are ready to use it. The objective of this study was to determine the readiness of patients with renal failure to use health IT. METHODS This study was performed on all dialysis patients in South Khorasan province (n = 263) using a 28-item questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of (1) demographic information of participants and (2) questions concerning eight main factors including the need for information, desire to receive information, ability to use computers and the Internet, computers and the Internet anxiety, communication with physicians, using mobile phones and concerns about security and confidentiality of information. Descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS About 15% of the participants stated that they do not want to receive information from the Internet. Anxiety and concern about Internet security and confidentiality were higher in women, married people, people over 60, villagers, and illiterate people (p < 0.05). Married people and people over 60 years had a higher desire to get information (p < 0.05). The rate of computer anxiety and Internet privacy concern was higher than average (p < 0.001). Most patients (34.2%) could only send text messages using mobile phones. CONCLUSION Despite the need of most patients to online health information, they do not use this information due to a lack of skills and experience to use IT. Therefore, the ability of users should be considered when developing IT-based interventions. Due to patients' concerns about Internet privacy, it is required to teach patients how to protect their privacy while using the Internet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raana Younesi Tabas
- grid.411701.20000 0004 0417 4622Health Information Management Department, Valiasr Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Leila Ahmadian
- grid.412105.30000 0001 2092 9755Health Information Sciences Department, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Samadbeik
- grid.508728.00000 0004 0612 1516Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Lorestan, Iran
| | - Anahita Arian
- grid.411701.20000 0004 0417 4622Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center Valiasr Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Arefeh Ameri
- grid.412105.30000 0001 2092 9755Health Information Sciences Department, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Matadh AV, Jakka D, Pragathi SG, Rangappa S, Shivakumar HN, Maibach H, Reena NM, Murthy SN. Polymer-Coated Polymeric (PCP) Microneedles for Controlled Dermal Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 24:9. [PMID: 36450897 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric microneedles were prepared with Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) K-30 using the mold casting technique. The core microneedles were coated with Eudragit E-100 by dip and spin method. The amount of 5-fluorouracil (FU) loaded in the core microneedles was 604 ± 35.4 µg. The coating thickness was 24.12 ± 1.12 µm. The objective was to deliver the 5-FU gradually in a controlled release manner at the target site in the sub-stratum corneum layer. This approach is anticipated to improve the safety and efficacy of topical melanoma treatment. The release of the drug was prolonged for up to 3 h from the polymer-coated polymeric (PCP) microneedles. The entire amount was found to release within 15 min in uncoated MNs. Likewise, the permeation of the drug from the uncoated microneedles was rapid, whereas the PCP microneedles were able to prolong the permeation up to 420 min. The PCP microneedles were subjected to stability studies at 25°C ± 2°C/60%RH, and 40°C ± 2°C/75%RH condition for 3 months. The formulations were found intact, and the release rate was not significantly different form the fresh formulation. The drug content was found to meet the acceptability criteria as well (98.12 ± 1.8% and 97.8 ± 2.1% at 25 and 40°C respectively after 3 months). Overall, this study demonstrated the feasibility of fabrication of PCP microneedles using Eudragit E100 for intraregional controlled delivery of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha V Matadh
- Institute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - S G Pragathi
- Institute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - H N Shivakumar
- Institute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research, Bengaluru, India.,KLE College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, India
| | - Howard Maibach
- University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - N M Reena
- Topical Products Testing LLC, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | - S Narasimha Murthy
- Institute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research, Bengaluru, India. .,Topical Products Testing LLC, Oxford, Mississippi, USA.
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Mizuta K, Matsubara T, Goto A, Addison WN, Nakatomi M, Matsuo K, Tada-Shigeyama Y, Yaginuma T, Honda H, Yoshioka I, Kokabu S. Plectin promotes tumor formation by B16 mouse melanoma cells via regulation of Rous sarcoma oncogene activity. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:936. [PMID: 36038818 PMCID: PMC9426213 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is a malignant tumor characterized by high proliferation and aggressive metastasis. To address the molecular mechanisms of the proto-oncogene, Rous sarcoma oncogene (Src), which is highly activated and promotes cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and metastasis in melanoma. Plectin, a cytoskeletal protein, has recently been identified as a Src-binding protein that regulates Src activity in osteoclasts. Plectin is a candidate biomarker of certain tumors because of its high expression and the target of anti-tumor reagents such as ruthenium pyridinecarbothioamide. The molecular mechanisms by which plectin affects melanoma is still unclear. In this study, we examined the role of plectin in melanoma tumor formation. METHODS We used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to knock-out plectin in B16 mouse melanoma cells. Protein levels of plectin and Src activity were examined by western blotting analysis. In vivo tumor formation was assessed by subcutaneous injection of B16 cells into nude mice and histological analysis performed after 2 weeks by Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining. Cell proliferation was evaluated by direct cell count, cell counting kit-8 assays, cyclin D1 mRNA expression and Ki-67 immunostaining. Cell aggregation and adhesion were examined by spheroid formation, dispase-based dissociation assay and cell adhesion assays. RESULTS In in vivo tumor formation assays, depletion of plectin resulted in low-density tumors with large intercellular spaces. In vitro experiments revealed that plectin-deficient B16 cells exhibit reduced cell proliferation and reduced cell-to-cell adhesion. Since Src activity is reduced in plectin-deficient melanomas, we examined the relationship between plectin and Src signaling. Src overexpression in plectin knockout B16 cells rescued cell proliferation and improved cell-to-cell adhesion and cell to extracellular matrix adhesion. CONCLUSION These results suggest that plectin plays critical roles in tumor formation by promoting cell proliferation and cell-to-cell adhesion through Src signaling activity in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Mizuta
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan.,Division of Oral Medicine, Department of Science of Physical Function, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takuma Matsubara
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Akino Goto
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - William N Addison
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Mitsushiro Nakatomi
- Department of Human, Information and Life Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kou Matsuo
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yukiyo Tada-Shigeyama
- Division of Dental Anesthesiology, Department of Science of Physical Function, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Yaginuma
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Science and Physical Function, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiromi Honda
- School of Oral Health Sciences, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Izumi Yoshioka
- Division of Oral Medicine, Department of Science of Physical Function, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Kokabu
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan.
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12
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Kilmister EJ, Tan ST. Insights Into Vascular Anomalies, Cancer, and Fibroproliferative Conditions: The Role of Stem Cells and the Renin-Angiotensin System. Front Surg 2022; 9:868187. [PMID: 35574555 PMCID: PMC9091963 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.868187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells exhibiting embryonic stem cell (ESC) characteristics have been demonstrated in vascular anomalies (VAs), cancer, and fibroproliferative conditions, which are commonly managed by plastic surgeons and remain largely unsolved. The efficacy of the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus, and targeted therapies that block the Ras/BRAF/MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3KCA/AKT/mTOR pathways in many types of cancer and VAs, further supports the critical role of ESC-like cells in the pathogenesis of these conditions. ESC-like cells in VAs, cancer, and fibroproliferative conditions express components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) – a homeostatic endocrine signaling cascade that regulates cells with ESC characteristics. ESC-like cells are influenced by the Ras/BRAF/MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3KCA/AKT/mTOR pathways, which directly regulate cellular proliferation and stemness, and interact with the RAS at multiple points. Gain-of-function mutations affecting these pathways have been identified in many types of cancer and VAs, that have been treated with targeted therapies with some success. In cancer, the RAS promotes tumor progression, treatment resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. The RAS modulates cellular invasion, migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. It also indirectly regulates ESC-like cells via its direct influence on the tissue microenvironment and by its interaction with the immune system. In vitro studies show that RAS inhibition suppresses the hallmarks of cancer in different experimental models. Numerous epidemiological studies show a reduced incidence of cancer and improved survival outcomes in patients taking RAS inhibitors, although some studies have shown no such effect. The discovery of ESC-like cells that express RAS components in infantile hemangioma (IH) underscores the paradigm shift in the understanding of its programmed biologic behavior and accelerated involution induced by β-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The findings of SOX18 inhibition by R-propranolol suggests the possibility of targeting ESC-like cells in IH without β-adrenergic blockade, and its associated side effects. This article provides an overview of the current knowledge of ESC-like cells and the RAS in VAs, cancer, and fibroproliferative conditions. It also highlights new lines of research and potential novel therapeutic approaches for these unsolved problems in plastic surgery, by targeting the ESC-like cells through manipulation of the RAS, its bypass loops and converging signaling pathways using existing low-cost, commonly available, and safe oral medications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swee T. Tan
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand
- Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial & Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Swee T. Tan
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Azees PAA, Natarajan S, Amaechi BT, Thajuddin N, Raghavendra VB, Brindhadevi K, Pugazhendhi A. An empirical review on the risk factors, therapeutic strategies and materials at nanoscale for the treatment of oral malignancies. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Kalal BS, Modi PK, Najar MA, Behera SK, Upadhya D, Prasad TSK, Pai VR. Hyperphosphorylation of HDAC2 promotes drug resistance in a novel dual drug resistant mouse melanoma cell line model: an in vitro study. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5881-5901. [PMID: 35018231 PMCID: PMC8727796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant melanoma is very difficult to treat, and a novel approach is needed to overcome resistance. The present study aims at identifying the alternate pathways utilized in the dual drug-resistant mouse melanoma cells (B16F10R) for their survival and proliferation. The dual drug-resistant mouse melanoma, B16F10R, was established by treating the cells with a combination of U0126 (MEK1/2 inhibitor) and LY294002 (PI3K-AKT kinase inhibitor) in a dose-escalating manner till they attained a resistance fold factor of ≥2. The altered phosphoproteome in the B16F10R, as compared to the parental B16F10C, was analyzed using a high-resolution Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometer. Histone deacetylases 2 (HDAC2) was validated for its role in drug resistance by using its inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA). In the B16F10R cells, 363 altered phosphoproteins were identified, among which 126 were hyperphosphorylated, and 137 were hypophosphorylated (1.5-fold change). Pathway analysis shows the altered phosphoproteins are from RNA metabolism and cell cycle proteins. Inhibition of HDAC2 by VPA induces apoptosis in B16F10C and B16F10R. The present study highlights the role of HDAC2, a cell cycle regulator, in the development of resistance to dual drugs in murine melanoma. Therefore, designing leads for targeting HDAC2 along with key signaling pathways may be explored in treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvanesh Sukhlal Kalal
- Department of Biochemistry, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University)Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Modi
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University)Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohd Altaf Najar
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University)Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Behera
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University)Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dinesh Upadhya
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education ManipalUdupi 576104, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Vinitha Ramanath Pai
- Department of Biochemistry, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University)Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
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Trojan SE, Dudzik P, Totoń-Żurańska J, Laidler P, Kocemba-Pilarczyk KA. Expression of Alternative Splice Variants of 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-4 in Normoxic and Hypoxic Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8848. [PMID: 34445551 PMCID: PMC8396304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-specific isoenzyme of phosphofructokinase II (PFKFB4), as our previous research has shown, may be one of the most important enzymes contributing to the intensification of glycolysis in hypoxic malignant melanoma cells. Although the PFKFB4 gene seems to play a crucial role in the progression of melanoma, so far there are no complete data on the expression of PFKFB4 at the isoform level and the influence of hypoxia on alternative splicing. Using RT-qPCR and semi-quantitative RT-PCR, we presented the PFKFB4 gene expression profile at the level of six isoforms described in the OMIM NCBI database in normoxic and hypoxic melanoma cells. Additionally, using VMD software, we analyzed the structure of isoforms at the protein level, concluding about the catalytic activity of individual isoforms. Our research has shown that five isoforms of PFKFB4 are expressed in melanoma cells, of which the D and F isoforms are highly constitutive, while the canonical B isoform seems to be the main isoform induced in hypoxia. Our results also indicate that the expression profile at the level of the PFKFB4 gene does not reflect the expression at the level of individual isoforms. Our work clearly indicates that the PFKFB4 gene expression profile should be definitely analyzed at the level of individual isoforms. Moreover, the analysis at the protein level allowed the selection of those isoforms whose functional validation should be performed to fully understand the importance of PFKFB4 expression in the metabolic adaptation of malignant melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia E. Trojan
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Medical Biochemistry, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (S.E.T.); (P.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Paulina Dudzik
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Medical Biochemistry, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (S.E.T.); (P.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Justyna Totoń-Żurańska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Medical Genomics-OMICRON, 31-034 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Piotr Laidler
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Medical Biochemistry, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (S.E.T.); (P.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Kinga A. Kocemba-Pilarczyk
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Medical Biochemistry, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (S.E.T.); (P.D.); (P.L.)
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16
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Yang L, Yang Y, Chen H, Mei L, Zeng X. Polymeric microneedle‐mediated sustained release systems: Design strategies and promising applications for drug delivery. Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 17:70-86. [PMID: 35261645 PMCID: PMC8888142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenteral sustained release drug formulations, acting as preferable platforms for long-term exposure therapy, have been wildly used in clinical practice. However, most of these delivery systems must be given by hypodermic injection. Therefore, issues including needle-phobic, needle-stick injuries and inappropriate reuse of needles would hamper the further applications of these delivery platforms. Microneedles (MNs) as a potential alternative system for hypodermic needles can benefit from minimally invasive and self-administration. Recently, polymeric microneedle-mediated sustained release systems (MN@SRS) have opened up a new way for treatment of many diseases. Here, we reviewed the recent researches in MN@SRS for transdermal delivery, and summed up its typical design strategies and applications in various diseases therapy, particularly focusing on the applications in contraception, infection, cancer, diabetes, and subcutaneous disease. An overview of the present clinical translation difficulties and future outlook of MN@SRS was also provided.
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17
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Inhibition of the Human Hsc70 System by Small Ligands as a Potential Anticancer Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122936. [PMID: 34208232 PMCID: PMC8230956 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary High levels of Heat shock proteins (Hsps) in specific cancers are usually linked to a poor prognosis, tumor progression, invasiveness, and resistance to treatment. Chaperone inhibition could therefore be toxic for cancer cells due to their high dependence on chaperone activity to survive. This study shows the potential to repurpose the small chemical compound pinaverium bromide, currently used to treat functional gastrointestinal disorders, as a possible antitumor drug since it displays a marked toxicity against two melanoma cell lines without affecting the viability of fibroblast and primary melanocytes. This compound interacts with structural regions shared by representatives of the Hsp70 and Hsp110 families, inhibiting the substrate remodeling ability of the Hsp70 system in vitro and in a cellular context. Abstract Heat shock protein (Hsp) synthesis is upregulated in a wide range of cancers to provide the appropriate environment for tumor progression. The Hsp110 and Hsp70 families have been associated to cancer cell survival and resistance to chemotherapy. In this study, we explore the strategy of drug repurposing to find new Hsp70 and Hsp110 inhibitors that display toxicity against melanoma cancer cells. We found that the hits discovered using Apg2, a human representative of the Hsp110 family, as the initial target bind also to structural regions present in members of the Hsp70 family, and therefore inhibit the remodeling activity of the Hsp70 system. One of these compounds, the spasmolytic agent pinaverium bromide used for functional gastrointestinal disorders, inhibits the intracellular chaperone activity of the Hsp70 system and elicits its cytotoxic activity specifically in two melanoma cell lines by activating apoptosis. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations indicate that this compound interacts with regions located in the nucleotide-binding domain and the linker of the chaperones, modulating their ATPase activity. Thus, repurposing of pinaverium bromide for cancer treatment appears as a promising novel therapeutic approach.
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18
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Tran DMT, Silvestri-Elmore A. Healthcare-seeking behaviours in college students and young adults: a review. J Res Nurs 2021; 26:320-338. [PMID: 35251258 DOI: 10.1177/1744987120951594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To review the literature on college students' healthcare-seeking behaviours to uncover the current evidence and promote better healthcare-seeking behaviours and essentially better health outcomes in young adults. METHODS The researchers conducted an extensive literature review using CINAHL, Cochrane, PubMed, EBSCOhost and Google Scholar in the years 2018 and 2019. The search was limited to the past 18 years (2000-2018) and to studies reported in the English language focused on the general healthcare-seeking behaviour of college students. The search was also extended to young adults (aged 18-39 years). RESULTS A total of 56 articles were identified for abstract review and only 28 articles met the inclusion criteria for the final review. The following themes emerged to organise our findings: healthcare-seeking behaviour among college students, health information resource utilisation and its influence on healthcare-seeking behaviours and barriers to accessing care among college students. CONCLUSIONS This review summarises the current body of knowledge related to healthcare-seeking behaviour among college students, health information resource utilisation and its influence on healthcare-seeking behaviour and barriers to accessing care among this population. Important measures further to address the health needs and interventions for addressing these needs among the college student population are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieu-My T Tran
- Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, University of Nevada Las Vegas, USA
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Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a neoplasm originating in the melanocytes in the skin. Although malignant melanoma is the third most common cutaneous cancer, it is recognized as the main cause of skin cancer-related mortality, and its incidence is rising. The natural history of malignant melanoma involves an inconsistent and insidious skin cancer with great metastatic potential. Increased ultra-violet (UV) skin exposure is undoubtedly the greatest risk factor for developing cutaneous melanoma; however, a plethora of risk factors are now recognized as causative. Moreover, modern oncology now considers melanoma proliferation a complex, multifactorial process with a combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors all known to be contributory to tumorgenesis. Herein, we wish to outline the epidemiological, molecular, and biological processes responsible for driving malignant melanoma proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Miller
- Surgery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, IRL
| | - Niall M McInerney
- Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, IRL
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20
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Giant Scalp Metastasis: an Unusual Presentation of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma. Indian J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-020-02368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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21
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Stępień EŁ, Kamińska A, Surman M, Karbowska D, Wróbel A, Przybyło M. Fourier-Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy to show alterations in molecular composition of EV subpopulations from melanoma cell lines in different malignancy. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 25:100888. [PMID: 33458258 PMCID: PMC7797365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) subpopulations which differ in size, phenotype and molecular content. Melanoma derived EVs play a role in the development and progression of cancer by delivering surface receptors and bioactive (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) or signaling molecules to target cells. Methods We applied Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to compare infrared spectra of absorption for different subpopulations of EVs originating from normal human melanocytes, primary cutaneous melanoma (WM115) and metastatic cutaneous melanoma (WM266-4). Results FTIR results showed that exosome and ectosome populations differ in content of protein and lipid components. We obtained higher lipid to protein ratio for ectosomes in comparison with exosomes what confirms that exosomes are very densely packed with protein cargo. We identified the lowest value of saturated fatty acids/unsaturated fatty acids parameter in the metastatic WM266-4 cell line and ectosomes derived from WM266-4 cell line in comparison with normal melanocytes and the primary WM115 cell line. We identified the alterations in the content of secondary structures of proteins present in EV subpopulations originating from melanocytes and melanoma cells in different malignancy. Conclusions Obtained results revealed differences in the molecular composition of melanoma derived EVs subtypes, including protein secondary structure, and showed progressive structural changes during cancer development. Fourier-Transformed Infrared spectroscopy allows recognition lipid and protein content in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Subpopulations of (EVs) from human melanocytes and melanoma cells contain distinct lipid composition and protein structure. Ectosomes from malignant human melanoma are rich in saturated fatty acids and random coiled proteins. Exosomes from malignant human melanoma are bigger in compare to those from melanocytes and have higher lipid to amid ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Ł Stępień
- Department of Medical Physics, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kamińska
- Department of Medical Physics, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Surman
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dagmara Karbowska
- Department of Medical Physics, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wróbel
- Department of Medical Physics, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Przybyło
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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22
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Kuryk L, Bertinato L, Staniszewska M, Pancer K, Wieczorek M, Salmaso S, Caliceti P, Garofalo M. From Conventional Therapies to Immunotherapy: Melanoma Treatment in Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12103057. [PMID: 33092131 PMCID: PMC7589099 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Here, we review the current state of knowledge in the field of cancer immunotherapy, focusing on the scientific rationale for the use of oncolytic viruses, checkpoint inhibitors and their combination to combat melanomas. Attention is also given to the immunological aspects of cancer therapy and the shift from conventional therapy towards immunotherapy. This review brings together information on how immunotherapy can be applied to support other cancer therapies in order to maximize the efficacy of melanoma treatment and improve clinical outcomes. Abstract In this review, we discuss the use of oncolytic viruses and checkpoint inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy in melanoma, with a particular focus on combinatory therapies. Oncolytic viruses are promising and novel anti-cancer agents, currently under investigation in many clinical trials both as monotherapy and in combination with other therapeutics. They have shown the ability to exhibit synergistic anticancer activity with checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapy, radiotherapy. A coupling between oncolytic viruses and checkpoint inhibitors is a well-accepted strategy for future cancer therapies. However, eradicating advanced cancers and tailoring the immune response for complete tumor clearance is an ongoing problem. Despite current advances in cancer research, monotherapy has shown limited efficacy against solid tumors. Therefore, current improvements in virus targeting, genetic modification, enhanced immunogenicity, improved oncolytic properties and combination strategies have a potential to widen the applications of immuno-oncology (IO) in cancer treatment. Here, we summarize the strategy of combinatory therapy with an oncolytic vector to combat melanoma and highlight the need to optimize current practices and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Kuryk
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (M.W.)
- Clinical Science, Targovax Oy, Saukonpaadenranta 2, 00180 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Laura Bertinato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.B.); (S.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Monika Staniszewska
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pancer
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Magdalena Wieczorek
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.B.); (S.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.B.); (S.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Mariangela Garofalo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.B.); (S.S.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (M.G.)
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Pirc E, Federici C, Bošnjak M, Perić B, Reberšek M, Pecchia L, Glumac N, Čemažar M, Snoj M, Serša G, Miklavčič D. Early Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Electrochemotherapy as a Prospect Treatment Modality for Skin Melanoma. Clin Ther 2020; 42:1535-1548.e2. [PMID: 32768246 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Electrochemotherapy is increasingly entering into national and international guidelines, requiring formal evaluation of treatment costs and cost-effectiveness to ensure that its uptake provides value to budget-constrained health care systems. This study analyzed the early cost-effectiveness of electrochemotherapy in patients with Stage IIIc/IV skin melanoma in clinical practice in Slovenia. The costs of electrochemotherapy were compared to those of the standard of care, consisting of palliative treatment and therapy for symptoms. METHODS wThe study enrolled 23 patients treated with electrochemotherapy at the Institute of Oncology (Ljubljana, Slovenia). The mean cost of electrochemotherapy was estimated using patient-specific cost data on electrochemotherapy procedures and subsequent follow-up. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated by collecting EQ-5D-3L questionnaires at baseline, after complete or partial response following the treatment, and after a relapse of skin lesions. A discrete-time Markov model was built to estimate the lifetime costs and consequences of using electrochemotherapy compared to standard of care, from the perspective of the Slovenian health care system. The analysis was conducted separately in the whole patient sample and in the subset of patients with bleeding lesions. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to test model assumptions and to characterize the uncertainty around model parameters. FINDINGS In the whole patient population, electrochemotherapy for skin melanoma Stage IIIc/IV was expected to increase QALYs by 0.29 (95% credible interval [CrI], 0.10-0.50), at the higher cost of 6568 EUR (95% CrI, 4593-8928) in comparison to the standard of care. At the cost-effectiveness threshold of 20,000 EUR/QALY, the estimated probabilities of electrochemotherapy being cost-effective compared to standard of care were 0.30 and 0.91 in the whole patient sample and in patients with bleeding lesions, respectively. In the whole sample population, a 50% reduction in the price of the electrodes was expected to increase the probability of electrochemotherapy being cost-effective from 0.30 to ~0.64. IMPLICATIONS The findings from this cost-effectiveness analysis of data from clinical practice were based on a small sample size (ie, 23 patents), which made the subgroup of patients with bleeding lesions very small. Therefore, the findings in this patient population should be carefully interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pirc
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Carlo Federici
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management, SDA Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maša Bošnjak
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Perić
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Reberšek
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Leandro Pecchia
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Nebojša Glumac
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Čemažar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Snoj
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Serša
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Kim H, Lee H, Jeon Y, Park W, Zhang Y, Kim B, Jang H, Xu B, Yeo Y, Kim DR, Lee CH. Bioresorbable, Miniaturized Porous Silicon Needles on a Flexible Water-Soluble Backing for Unobtrusive, Sustained Delivery of Chemotherapy. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7227-7236. [PMID: 32401016 PMCID: PMC8279902 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Conventional melanoma therapies suffer from the toxicity and side effects of repeated treatments due to the aggressive and recurrent nature of melanoma cells. Less-invasive topical chemotherapies by utilizing polymeric microneedles have emerged as an alternative, but the sustained, long-lasting release of drug cargos remains challenging. In addition, the size of the microneedles is relatively bulky for the small, curvilinear, and exceptionally sensitive cornea for the treatment of ocular melanoma. Here, we report a design of bioresorbable, miniaturized porous-silicon (p-Si) needles with covalently linked drug cargos at doses comparable to those of conventional polymeric microneedles. The p-Si needles are built on a water-soluble film as a temporary flexible holder that can be intimately interfaced with the irregular surface of living tissues, followed by complete dissolution with saline solution within 1 min. Consequently, the p-Si needles remain embedded inside tissues and then undergo gradual degradation, allowing for sustained release of the drug cargos. Its utility in unobtrusive topical delivery of chemotherapy with minimal side effects is demonstrated in a murine melanoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjun Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Heungsoo Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yale Jeon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woohyun Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Bongjoong Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Hanmin Jang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Baoxing Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Yoon Yeo
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Corresponding Authors: (Y.Y.), (D.R.K.), (C.H.L.)
| | - Dong Rip Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Corresponding Authors: (Y.Y.), (D.R.K.), (C.H.L.)
| | - Chi Hwan Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Corresponding Authors: (Y.Y.), (D.R.K.), (C.H.L.)
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Lu T, Chen S, Qu L, Wang Y, Chen HD, He C. Identification of a five-miRNA signature predicting survival in cutaneous melanoma cancer patients. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7831. [PMID: 31660262 PMCID: PMC6814066 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the deadliest form of skin cancer. Numerous studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) are expressed abnormally in melanoma tissues. Our work aimed to assess multiple miRNAs using bioinformatic analysis in order to predict the prognoses of cutaneous melanoma patients. Methods The microarray dataset GSE35579 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to detect the differential expression of miRNAs (DEMs), including 41 melanoma (primary and metastatic) tissues and 11 benign nevi. Clinical information and miRNA sequencing data of cutaneous melanoma tissues were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) to assess the prognostic values of DEMs. Additionally, the target genes of DEMs were anticipated using miRanda, miRmap, TargetScan, and PicTar. Finally, functional analysis was performed using selected target genes on the Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) website. Results After performing bioinformatic analysis, a total of 185 DEMs were identified: 80 upregulated miRNAs and 105 downregulated miRNAs. A five-miRNA (miR-25, miR-204, miR-211, miR-510, miR-513c) signature was discovered to be a potential significant prognostic biomarker of cutaneous melanoma when using the Kaplan–Meier survival method (P = 0.001). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that the five-miRNA signature could be an independent prognostic marker (HR = 0.605, P = 0.006) in cutaneous melanoma patients. Biological pathway analysis indicated that the target genes may be involved in PI3K-Akt pathways, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and focal adhesion. Conclusion The identified five-miRNA signature may serve as a prognostic biomarker, or as a potential therapeutic target, in cutaneous melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China.,Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China.,Graduate school, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
| | - Le Qu
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
| | - Yunlin Wang
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
| | - Hong-Duo Chen
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
| | - Chundi He
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China.,Graduate school, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
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Rittler D, Baranyi M, Molnár E, Garay T, Jalsovszky I, Varga IK, Hegedűs L, Aigner C, Tóvári J, Tímár J, Hegedűs B. The Antitumor Effect of Lipophilic Bisphosphonate BPH1222 in Melanoma Models: The Role of the PI3K/Akt Pathway and the Small G Protein Rheb. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194917. [PMID: 31623406 PMCID: PMC6801414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most metastatic cancer types, and despite recent success with novel treatment strategies, there is still a group of patients who do not respond to any therapies. Earlier, the prenylation inhibitor hydrophilic bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA) was found to inhibit melanoma growth in vitro, but only a weaker effect was observed in vivo due to its hydrophilic properties. Recently, lipophilic bisphosphonates (such as BPH1222) were developed. Accordingly, for the first time, we compared the effect of BPH1222 to ZA in eight melanoma lines using viability, cell-cycle, clonogenic and spheroid assays, videomicroscopy, immunoblot, and xenograft experiments. Based on 2D and spheroid assays, the majority of cell lines were more sensitive to BPH. The activation of Akt and S6 proteins, but not Erk, was inhibited by BPH. Additionally, BPH had a stronger apoptotic effect than ZA, and the changes of Rheb showed a correlation with apoptosis. In vitro, only M24met cells were more sensitive to ZA than to BPH; however, in vivo growth of M24met was inhibited more strongly by BPH. Here, we present that lipophilic BPH is more effective on melanoma cells than ZA and identify the PI3K pathway, particularly Rheb as an important mediator of growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Rittler
- Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, H-1091 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Marcell Baranyi
- Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, H-1091 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Eszter Molnár
- Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, H-1091 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Garay
- Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, H-1091 Budapest, Hungary.
- Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary.
- Oncology Center, Semmelweis University, H-1091 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - István Jalsovszky
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry; H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Imre Károly Varga
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry; H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Luca Hegedűs
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, University Duisburg-Essen, D-45239 Essen, Germany.
| | - Clemens Aigner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, University Duisburg-Essen, D-45239 Essen, Germany.
| | - József Tóvári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - József Tímár
- Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, H-1091 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Hegedűs
- Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, H-1091 Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, University Duisburg-Essen, D-45239 Essen, Germany.
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Abstract
RATIONALE Amelanotic malignant melanoma (AMM) is a rare subtype of malignant melanoma (MM) that manifests atypically and is easily misdiagnosed or missed altogether. The keloid type of AMM has rarely been reported. Herein, we provide information to improve the clinical diagnosis of AMM types and raise awareness to ensure early diagnosis and timely treatment. PATIENT CONCERNS A 20-year old woman presented with a mass on her left shoulder of 1 year's duration that had been treated surgically. The lesion recurred 1 month before the present case, along with lymph node enlargement on the left supraclavicular fossa. DIAGNOSES Histopathology and immunohistochemistry findings suggested AMM. INTERVENTIONS The original tumor recurred 1 month later after chemotherapy, and an extended resection and a second round of chemotherapy were performed. However, the patient exhibited suspected epileptic symptoms during chemotherapy and was required to return to the local hospital for treatment. OUTCOMES No tumor recurrence occurred within a 6-month follow-up period. LESSONS Early AMM diagnosis has a very significant effect on prognosis. For some persistent and growing proliferative lesions, obliterative treatments should be avoided before a definitive histopathological diagnosis has been made.
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Hou JY, Baptiste C, Hombalegowda RB, Tergas AI, Feldman R, Jones NL, Chatterjee-Paer S, Bus-Kwolfski A, Wright JD, Burke WM. Vulvar and vaginal melanoma: A unique subclass of mucosal melanoma based on a comprehensive molecular analysis of 51 cases compared with 2253 cases of nongynecologic melanoma. Cancer 2016; 123:1333-1344. [PMID: 28026870 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal treatments for vulvar and vaginal melanomas (VVMs) have not been identified. Herein, the authors compare molecular profiles between VVM and nongynecologic melanoma (NGM) subtypes with the objective of identifying novel, targetable biomarkers. METHODS In total, 2304 samples of malignant melanoma that were submitted to Caris Life Sciences between 2009 and 2015 were reviewed. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to assess copy numbers and protein expression of selected genes. Sequenced variants were analyzed using a proprietary cancer panel. RESULTS In total, 51 VVMs (14 vaginal and 37 vulvar melanomas) were compared with 2253 malignant NGMs, including 2127 cutaneous, 105 mucosal, and 21 acral melanomas. In VVMs, B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) was the most frequently mutated gene (26%) compared with 8.3% of mucosal NGMs (P = .008). In BRAF-mutated tumors, fewer VVMs (50%), compared with NGMs (82.1%), had a variant within the valine codon 600 (V600) domain. The KIT mutation rate was highest in VVMs (22%) compared with 3% in cutaneous (P < .001) and 8.8% in mucosal (P = .05) melanoma subtypes. NRAS mutations were rare in VVMs compared with cutaneous (25.9%; P = .009) and acral (40.6%; P = .002) melanoma subtypes. PD-L1 (56%) and PD-1 (75%) were frequently expressed in VVM, whereas PI3KCA pathway mutations and estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor expression were rare. Compared with VVMs that had KIT mutations, wild-type KIT VVMs were more likely to express molecular markers suggestive of platinum resistance (ERCC1), alkylating sensitivity (MGMT), and anthracycline sensitivity (TOP2A). CONCLUSIONS The unique molecular features of VVM render this disease a distinct subtype of melanoma. Gene-based molecular therapy and immunotherapies may be promising and should be evaluated in clinical trials. Cancer 2017;123:1333-1344. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Y Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Caitlin Baptiste
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Radhika Bangalore Hombalegowda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Ana I Tergas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Rebecca Feldman
- Medical Affairs Department, Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Nathaniel L Jones
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Sudeshna Chatterjee-Paer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Ama Bus-Kwolfski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Jason D Wright
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - William M Burke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
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Zazouli MA, Mahdavi Y, Bazrafshan E, Balarak D. Phytodegradation potential of bisphenolA from aqueous solution by Azolla Filiculoides. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2014; 12:66. [PMID: 24693863 PMCID: PMC4018667 DOI: 10.1186/2052-336x-12-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Many organic hazardous pollutants such as bisphenolA (BPA) which are toxic and not easily biodegradable can concerns for environmental pollution worldwide. The objective of this study was to examine whether Azolla Filiculoides is able to remove BPA from aqueous solutions. In this study, the Azolla with different biomass (0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 g) has been cultured in solution that was contained 5, 10, 25 and 50 ppm BPA. Samples were collected every 2 days from all of containers. The analytical determination of BPA was performed by using of DR4000 uv-visible at λmax = 276 nm. The results indicated that Azolla has high ability to remove BPA from aqueous solutions. The BPA removal was 60-90%. The removal efficiency is increasing with decreasing of BPA concentration and increasing of biomass amount and vice versa. The removal efficiency was more than 90% when BPA concentration was 5 ppm and amount of biomass was 0.9gr. It is concluded that Azolla able remove BPA by Phytodegradation from the aqueous solutions. Since conventional methods of BPA removal need to high cost and energy, phytoremediation by Azolla as a natural treatment system can decrease those issues and it can be a useful and beneficial method to removal of BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Zazouli
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Yousef Mahdavi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Edris Bazrafshan
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Davoud Balarak
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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