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Rahman N, Ahmad I. Coordination polymer gel mediated spectrophotometric, ICP-AES and spectrofluorimetric methods for trace As(III) determination in water and food samples. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141272. [PMID: 38262491 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a coordination polymer gel is proposed for the determination of As(III) in real samples through multispectroscopic techniques viz. spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Taguchi L32 (46 21) design and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) optimized the controllable factors affecting the extraction yielding an experimental S/N ratio of 39.94 dB. The fluorescence quenching (KSV = 2.63 × 106 L mol-1) was static with photoelectron transfer being the main mechanism confirmed by the density functional theory calculations. The limits of detection (LODs), limits of quantification (LOQs) and linear ranges were 0.038 μg L-1, 0.13 μg L-1 and 1.67-116.67 μg L-1, 0.40 μg L-1, 1.21 μg L-1 and 1.67-33.33 μg L-1, 1.07 μg L-1, 3.24 μg L-1 and 3.32-35.37 μg L-1 for the developed enrichment coupled ICP-AES, spectrophotometry and fluorescence sensing methods. Among these methods, the enrichment - ICP-AES method has the lowest LOD, LOQ and the widest linear range followed by the enrichment - spectrophotometry and fluorescene sensing methods. Spectrofluorimetry offers high sensitivity, selectivity, and possible real time monitoring, spectrophotometry provides a cost-effective and versatile option, while ICP-AES manifests multi-element analysis with high sensitivity and low interference. The developed methods were validated and employed for the successful determination of trace As(III) in real samples. The employment of these methods enhances the overall analytical capability for a wide range of sample types and concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India.
| | - Izhar Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
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2
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Bamidele OD, Kayode BA, Eniayewu OI, Adegbola AJ, Olatoye RS, Njinga NS, Abdullahi ST, Bakare-Odunola MT. Quality assessment of hydroquinone, mercury, and arsenic in skin-lightening cosmetics marketed in Ilorin, Nigeria. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20992. [PMID: 38017000 PMCID: PMC10684544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroquinone, Mercury (Hg), and Arsenic (As) are hazardous to health upon long-term exposure. Hydroquinone, Hg, and As were analysed in skin-lightening cosmetics randomly purchased from different cosmetic outlets within the Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria. The amount of hydroquinone in the samples was determined using a UV-spectrophotometry method at 290 nm. Hg and As were quantified using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). UV-spectrophotometry method validation showed excellent linearity (r2 = 0.9993), with limits of detection (0.75 µg/mL), limits of quantification (2.28 µg/mL), relative standard deviation (0.01-0.35%), and recovery (95.85-103.56%) in the concentration range of 5-50 µg/mL. Similarly, r2, LOD, and LOQ for Hg and As were 0.9983 and 0.9991, (0.5 and 1.0 µg/L) and 1.65 and 3.3 µg/L) respectively. All the samples contained hydroquinone, Hg and As in varying amounts. The amounts of hydroquinone, Hg and As present were in the ranges of 1.9-3.3%, 0.08-2.52 µg/g and 0.07-5.30 µg/g respectively. Only three of the analysed samples contained hydroquinone within the permissible limit of 2.0% w/w in cosmetic products. All the samples analysed contained mercury and arsenic in varying amounts. The need to periodically monitor the levels of hydroquinone, mercury, and arsenic in skin-lightening cosmetics marketed in Nigeria is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olasunkanmi David Bamidele
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Blessing Ayomide Kayode
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Oluwasegun Ibrahim Eniayewu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Adebanjo Jonathan Adegbola
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Raphael Segun Olatoye
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
| | - Ngaitad Stanislaus Njinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Sa'ad Toyin Abdullahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Moji Taibat Bakare-Odunola
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Developing erythromycin resistance gene by heavy metals, Pb, Zn, and Co, in aquatic ecosystems. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20797. [PMID: 36460707 PMCID: PMC9718742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial development is the main cause of environmental pollution with various substances such as antibiotics and heavy metals. Many heavy metals with antimicrobial properties could contribute to antibiotic resistance and the emergence of antibiotic resistance genes due to the co-selection phenomenon. The aim of this study was to investigate the concurrent presence and correlation between several heavy metals and the erythromycin resistance genes in six aquatic ecosystems of Iran. Distribution and assessment of 11 erythromycin resistance genes were investigated using specific primers and online enrichment and triple-quadrupole LC-MS/MS. The concentration of heavy metals was measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy by Thermo electron corporation. Principal component analysis was performed to globally compare and to determine the similarities and differences among different aquatic ecosystems in different parts of the world in terms of the concentration of zinc and lead in their water. The results of the simple logistic regression analysis for the correlation between erythromycin resistance genes and heavy metals concentrations revealed the most significant correlation between erythromycin resistance genes and Pb concentration, followed by Co and Zn concentrations.
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Yang L, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Du H, Zhou T, Wang X, Wang F. A “ turn on” fluorescent sensor for Hg2+ detection based on rolling circle amplification with DNA origami-assisted signal amplification strategy. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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5
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Bastiansz A, Ewald J, Rodríguez Saldaña V, Santa-Rios A, Basu N. A Systematic Review of Mercury Exposures from Skin-Lightening Products. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:116002. [PMID: 36367779 PMCID: PMC9651181 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Minamata Convention on Mercury (Article 4) prohibits the manufacture, import, or export of skin-lightening products containing mercury concentrations above 1 ppm. However, there is a lack of knowledge surrounding the global prevalence of mercury-added skin-lightening products. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to increase our understanding of worldwide human mercury exposure from skin-lightening products. METHODS A systematic search of peer-reviewed scientific literature was performed for relevant articles in four databases (PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and TOXLINE). The search strategy, eligibility criteria, and data-extraction methods were established a priori. The search identified 2,303 unique scientific articles, of which 41 were ultimately deemed eligible for inclusion after iterative screens at the title, abstract, and whole-text levels. To facilitate data extraction and synthesis, all papers were organized according to four data groups a) "Mercury in products," b) "Usage of products," c) "Human biomarkers of exposure," and d) "Health impacts." RESULTS This review was based on data contained in 41 peer-reviewed scientific papers from 22 countries worldwide published between 2000 and 2022. In total, we captured mercury concentration values from 787 skin-lightening product samples [overall pooled central median mercury level was 0.49μg/g; interquartile range (IQR): 0.02-5.9] and 1,042 human biomarker measurements from 863 individuals. We also synthesized usage information from 3,898 individuals and self-reported health impacts associated with using mercury-added products from 832 individuals. DISCUSSION This review suggests that mercury widely exists as an active ingredient in many skin-lightening products worldwide and that users are at risk of variable and often high exposures. These synthesized findings identify data gaps and help increase our understanding of the health risks associated with the use of these products. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10808.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Bastiansz
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jessica Ewald
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Andrea Santa-Rios
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Analysis of Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Cosmetics. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9040087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The general public uses cosmetics daily. Cosmetic products contain substances (ingredients) with various functions, from skincare to enhancing appearance, as well as ingredients that preserve the cosmetic products. Some cosmetic ingredients are prohibited or restricted in certain geographical regions, such as the European Union and the United States of America, due to their potential to cause adverse effects such as cancer, birth defects, and/or developmental and reproductive disorders. However, the ingredients may be used in other regions, and, hence, the monitoring of the cosmetic ingredients actually used is important to ensure the safety of cosmetic products. This review provides an overview of recent analytical methods that have been developed for detecting certain ingredients that are restricted or prohibited by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and/or EU legislation on cosmetic products.
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Bao C, Lu Y, Liu J, Gao Y, Lu L, Liu S. β-Cyclodextrin/CMK-8-Based Electrochemical Sensor for Sensitive Detection of Cu 2. Molecules 2022; 27:4954. [PMID: 35956904 PMCID: PMC9370383 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)/mesoporous carbon (CMK-8) nanocomposite was synthesized and used as an electrochemical sensing platform for highly sensitive and selective detection of Cu2+. The morphology and structure of β-CD/CMK-8 were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In addition, the dates from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Cyclic voltammetry (CV) demonstrated that the β-CD/CMK-8 possessed a fast electronic transfer rate and large effective surface area. Besides this, the β-CD/CMK-8 composite displayed high enrichment ability toward Cu2+. As a result of these impressive features, the β-CD/CMK-8 modified electrode provided a wide linear response ranging from 0.1 ng·L-1 to 1.0 mg·L-1 with a low detection limit of 0.3 ng·L-1. Furthermore, the repeatability, reproducibility and selectivity of β-CD/CMK-8 towards Cu2+ were commendable. The sensor could be used to detect Cu2+ in real samples. All in all, this work proposes a simple and sensitive method for Cu2+ detection, which provides a reference for the subsequent detection of HMIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Limin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang, College of of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shuwu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang, College of of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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Radwan A, El-Sewify IM, Azzazy HMES. Monitoring of Cobalt and Cadmium in Daily Cosmetics Using Powder and Paper Optical Chemosensors. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15739-15750. [PMID: 35571766 PMCID: PMC9096815 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Daily used cosmetics may contain high levels of heavy metals which are added to improve the quality and shine of cosmetics but represent a threat to human health. In this report, powder- and paper-based optical nanosensors using mesoporous silica nanospheres as carriers were designed for determination of Co2+ and Cd2+ in commonly used cosmetics. Powder optical chemosensors (POCs) were prepared via direct decoration of optical probes into a porous carrier. Paper-based chemosensors (PBCs) were designed via adsorbing the organic chromophore onto filter papers treated with mesoporous silica. POCs and PBCs were constructed with thick decoration of optical probes, leading to the formation of active surface centers for monitoring of Co2+ and Cd2+ in cosmetic products. The uniform structures of POCs and PBCs have resulted in selective sensing and low detection limits up to parts per billion, wide detection range determination, and fast response (on the order of seconds). Digital image colorimetric analysis (DICA) was used to quantify the color of PBCs and deduce the corresponding concentrations of Co2+ and Cd2+ using calibration curves. DICA data correlated well with that obtained from UV-vis spectrophotometry. The developed POCs and PBCs showed wide detection ranges of metal ions and a considerably low detection limit under optimal analysis conditions. The low limit of detection of Co2+ and Cd2+ ions using POCs was 6.7 × 10-9 and 3.5 × 10-9 M, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time simple PBCs have been designed for monitoring Co2+ and Cd2+ with detection limits of 2.2 × 10-7 and 1.3 × 10-7 M. A limited amount of manufactured POCs (about 20 mg) were used for all measurements, and commercial filter paper treated with mesoporous nanosphere silica was used for sensing Co2+ and Cd2+ ions. The developed optical chemosensors had short regeneration times and exhibited high stability and surface functionality and are capable of monitoring Co2+ and Cd2+ in various cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Radwan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams
University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, SSE,
Rm #1194, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Islam M. El-Sewify
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams
University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, SSE,
Rm #1194, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Hassan Mohamed El-Said Azzazy
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, SSE,
Rm #1194, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
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Mohammadzadeh M, Mirzaei N, Mostafaii G, Atoof F, Miranzadeh MB, Dehghani R. Determination of potentially toxic metals in depilatory products in the Iranian markets: human health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:13756-13765. [PMID: 34599443 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the concentrations of heavy metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), and arsenic metalloid (As), to assess their health risks in the popular depilatory products of the Iranian markets. Twenty-one samples of 7 popular brands of depilatory products, inclusive of cream and powder, were examined. Selected elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) using the appropriate procedure for acid digestion and the measurement of heavy metal contents. The differences in heavy metal concentrations were investigated according to the type of product, brand, country of production, and product price using t test and one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test. Finally, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessments were calculated for the studied elements. The results showed that Pb (5.46±2.30 mg/kg) and Co (0.16±0.69 mg/kg) had the highest and lowest concentrations in these products, respectively. In general, the concentration of heavy metals in depilatory creams was less than the concentration of elements in depilatory powders and less than the maximum allowable limits as defined by the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI). There was a direct and significant relationship between the concentration of heavy metals in depilatory powders and the product's price. Moreover, the amount of As in one of the brands of depilatory powder was determined to exceed the standard value (2 mg/kg). Also, hazard index (HI) and lifetime cancer risk (LCR) were below 1 and 10-6, respectively, which indicated that this mentioned heavy metal had no probable non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for consumers. According to this study, it was evident that the chances of cancer and non-cancer risk using depilatory products were unlikely, but continuous use can be harmful due to the excessive accumulation of these heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdiyeh Mohammadzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Department of Environment Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Nezam Mirzaei
- Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Department of Environment Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Mostafaii
- Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Department of Environment Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atoof
- Departments of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Miranzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Department of Environment Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rouhullah Dehghani
- Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Department of Environment Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Ahmed AY, Asada A, Hamza I. Cobalt and lead concentrations in cosmetic products sold at local markets in Saudi Arabia. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1693-1698. [PMID: 34621625 PMCID: PMC8479826 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cosmetics are products that can be used on the human body for cleaning, beautification or enhancing perceived attractiveness. Cosmetics may contain a variety of heavy metals such as cobalt (Co) and lead (Pb), which at high concentrations may pose adverse effects on human health. This study focuses to measure the concentration of heavy metals (Co and Pb) in some cosmetic samples of four types (foundation, skin lighteners, kajal (kohl) and lawsone (henna)) available at local markets in Saudi Arabia. The total number of all cosmetic samples understudy was 41. The samples were analysed using atomic absorption spectroscopy to measure the content of Co and Pb. Quality control of the data was performed using Standard Reference Materials [IAEA-V-10] hay powder. For all cosmetic types and qualities combined, the Co concentration range was determined to be 21.14 ± 3.70-144.91 ± 2.27 μg/g and the Pb range 0.75 ± 0.00-10.60 ± 1.24 μg/g. The Co concentration in all cosmetic types understudy was higher than the recommended level. Pb concentration was within the range recommended by the United States Food and Drug Administration in all types of cosmetics except for kohl, for which 22 % of the samples contained concentrations higher than the permissible limit. The findings of this study call for immediate and ongoing testing to monitor the concentrations of toxic metals in cosmetic products used in Saudi Arabia to ensure that established limits are respected and thereby protect consumer health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Y. Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, PO. Box 380, Al ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry and Nuclear Physics Institute, Sudan Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box 3001, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | | | - I.A.A. Hamza
- University of Bahri, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
- AL-Ghad International College for Health Sciences, Najran, Saudi Arabia
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Ashraf T, Taneez M, Kalsoom S, Irfan T, Shafique MA. Experimental Calculations of Metals Content in Skin-Whitening Creams and Theoretical Investigation for Their Biological Effect Against Tyrosinase Enzyme. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3562-3569. [PMID: 33079299 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The demand for skin-whitening creams (SWCs) has increased rapidly worldwide due to sharp rise in product advertisements in the media and the growing awareness. Metals are present either as impurities or added intentionally in creams and may have toxic effects on users. The present study was carried out to determine the content of metals such as mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) in fifteen skin-whitening creams marketed at local shops in Islamabad, Pakistan. The concentrations of metals were analyzed by inductive coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) after digestion with a mixture of HNO3, HCl, and H2O2. The skin-whitening creams were found to have metal concentrations in parts per million (ppm) in the following range: Hg (1.0-18,210 ppm), Co (0.1992-1.9931 ppm), Cr (1.0453-2.7455 ppm), Cu (0.6987-0.1997 ppm), Fe (8.8868-28.6213 ppm), Ni (0.7487-1.5958 ppm), Pb (0.2997-4.7287 ppm), and Zn (7819.2-39,696.7 ppm). As and Cd were not detected in any of the fifteen skin-whitening creams. Only one cream (L'Oréal Paris White Perfect) was found in safe limits defined by the Food and Drug Administration for cosmetics. In order to elucidate the mechanism of lower production of melanin in presence of heavy metals, a molecular docking study was carried out by using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software. A good correlation was observed between experimental findings and molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeela Ashraf
- Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic and Applied Sciences (SA-CIRBS), International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Taneez
- Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic and Applied Sciences (SA-CIRBS), International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Saima Kalsoom
- Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic and Applied Sciences (SA-CIRBS), International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Irfan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Munib Ahmed Shafique
- Central Analytical Facility Division (CAFD), Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Pungut NAS, Heng MP, Saad HM, Sim KS, Lee VS, Tan KW. From one to three, modifications of sensing behavior with solvent system: DFT calculations and real-life application in detection of multianalytes (Cu2+, Ni2+ and Co2+) based on a colorimetric Schiff base probe. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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13
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Chen X, Zhao JX, Wang JW, Liu Y, Wang LC, Weerasooriya R, Wu YC. Doping ZIF-67 with transition metals results in bimetallic centers for electrochemical detection of Hg(II). Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Komijani M, Shamabadi NS, Shahin K, Eghbalpour F, Tahsili MR, Bahram M. Heavy metal pollution promotes antibiotic resistance potential in the aquatic environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:116569. [PMID: 33540257 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution is one of the main challenges and water crises, which has caused the existing water resources to be unusable due to contamination. To understand the determinants of the distribution and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), we examined the distribution of 22 ARGs in relation to habitat type, heavy metal pollution and antibiotics concentration across six lakes and wetlands of Iran. The concentration of 13 heavy metals was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) by Thermo Electron Corporation, and five antibiotics by online enrichment and triple-quadrupole LC-MS/MS were investigated. We further performed a global meta-analysis to evaluate the distribution of ARGs across global lakes compared with our studied lakes. While habitat type effect was negligible, we found a strong correlation between waste discharge into the lakes and the abundance of ARGs. The ARGs abundance showed stronger correlation with the concentration of heavy metals, such as Vanadium, than with that of antibiotics. Our meta-analysis also confirmed that overuse of antibiotics and discharge of heavy metals in the studied lakes. These data point to an increase in the distribution of ARGs among bacteria and their increasing resistance to various antibiotics, implying the susceptibility of aquatic environment to industrial pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Komijani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
| | | | - Khashayar Shahin
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China
| | - Farnaz Eghbalpour
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Bahram
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls V⋅⋅ag 16, 756 51, Uppsala, Sweden; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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Chemical Composition and Microbial Contaminants of Poha Beer: A Local Nonalcoholic Beverage in the Bolgatanga Municipality, Ghana. Int J Microbiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8861785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial and physicochemical analysis was performed on randomly sampled Poha Beer manufactured and vended in the Bolgatanga Municipality, Ghana. Poha Beer as it is referred to in Dagbani, is a Tamarindus indica fruit extract, a local nonalcoholic beverage originally processed and sold by rural women of the Dagomba ethnic descend. Morphological examination of bacterial cultures, Gram staining, and biochemical confirmatory tests were used to detect the presence of microbial pathogens in 45 samples of Poha Beer. A refractometer, a flame photometer and an atomic absorption spectrometer were used for the elemental analysis. All Poha Beer samples obtained from the Bolgatanga Municipality were positive for yeast, E. coli, Enterobacter sp. and Bacillus cereus. Pb was not detected in any of the samples. Chemical components detected include Zn2+ (average, 0.154 mg/L), Cd2+ (0.056 mg/L), Na+ (1.723 mg/L), Ca2+ (2.262 mg/L) and K+ (3.96 mg/L). All samples were acidic with an average pH value of 3.55. The Brix value of samples, however, was between 9.0 and 11.4 % per 40 mL of Poha Beer. Therefore, Poha Beer processed and sold in the Bolgatanga Municipality is acidic and contains detrimental amounts of Cd2+ and bacterial pathogens which may render it unwholesome for human consumption.
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Chen C, Yu S, Jiang S, Liu J, Wang Z, Ye BC. A novel and sensitive electrochemical sensor based on nanoporous gold for determination of As(III). Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:395. [PMID: 32564229 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04365-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional porous gold nanoparticles (NPG) were synthesized in situ on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) substrates by a green and convenient one-step electrodeposition method to achieve super-sensitive As(III) detection. The introduction of NPG method not only greatly improves the electron transfer capacity and surface area of sensor interface but provides more active sites for As(III) enrichment, thus boosting sensitivity and selectivity. The sensor was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion spectroscopy, differential pulse anode stripping voltammetry (DPASV), and electrochemical impedance to evaluate its morphology, composition, and electrochemical performance. The wall thickness of NPG was customized by optimizing the concentration of electroplating solution, dissolved electrolyte, deposition potential, and reaction time. Under optimal conditions, the electrochemical sensor showed a wide linear range from 0.1 to 50 μg/L As(III), with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.054 μg/L (S/N = 3). The LOD is far below 10 μg/L, the recommended maximum value by the world health organization for drinking water. Stability, reproducibility, and repeatability of NGP/ITO were determined to be 2.77%, 4.9%, and 4.1%, respectively. Additionally, the constructed sensor has been successfully applied to determine As(III) in three actual samples, and the results are in good agreement with that of hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Shiyi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources for Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - Shouyong Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Jili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources for Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - Zijun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Wu Y, Cheng X, Xie C, Du K, Li X, Tang D. A polymer membrane tethered with a cycloruthenated complex for colorimetric detection of Hg 2+ ions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117541. [PMID: 31748153 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new cyclometallated ruthenium complex (Ru1) involving a 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine and a benzo[e]indolium block connected with a hexanoic acid was successfully synthesized and characterized, which exhibited the high sensitivity and selectivity to Hg2+ over other common metal ions with the detection limit of as low as 0.053 μM in aqueous system. Then, it was grafted onto a polymer membrane to afford a Hg2+-sensitive membrane (sensor 1), which was characterized by FT-IR, SEM and XPS spectra, respectively. When sensor 1 was dipped into the aqueous solution of Hg2+ ions, the color of the membrane changed from dark-red to yellow, which could be observed by naked eyes easily. It should be noted that the membrane can absorb Hg2+ ions well in aqueous solution and the adsorption capacity of this polymer membrane for Hg2+ ions was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy, indicating that it also could be used as a potential material for removal of Hg2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinjian Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China.
| | - Chaoyi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kang Du
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xianghong Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Dingguo Tang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
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18
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Bu L, Xie Q, Ming H. Simultaneous sensitive analysis of Cd( ii), Pb( ii) and As( iii) using a dual-channel anodic stripping voltammetry approach. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00545b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A dual-channel anodic stripping voltammetry protocol is proposed for the simultaneous detection of trace heavy metals in one experiment with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100850
- P. R. China
| | - Qingji Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Normal University
- Changsha 410081
- P. R. China
| | - Hai Ming
- Research Institute of Chemical Defence
- Beijing 100191
- China
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Marguí E, Dalipi R, Borgese L, Depero LE, Queralt I. Possibilities and drawbacks of total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry as a fast, simple and cost-effective technique for multielement analyses of cosmetics. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1075:27-37. [PMID: 31196421 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper shows a simple, rapid and cost-effective method for multielement analyses of cosmetics. Total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF) is used to determine the composition, particularly the presence of potentially toxic elements, of cosmetics. Three sample preparation methods based on suspension preparation were developed for different types of cosmetic samples, e.g. lipsticks, eye shadows and body creams. Limits of detection within the low mg kg-1 range were obtained and enabled cosmetic screening for compliance with the legal thresholds for some major toxic elements. A good accuracy of the results on a wide range of concentration levels (>10000 mg kg-1) was found without the need of sample dilution. Results obtained for most elements in the lipstick and cream samples agreed with those obtained by the reference method recommended by the Food and Drug Administration, based on using inductively coupled plasma techniques after microwave digestion. However, for eyeshadow analysis, a more sophisticate approach is needed to improve the analytical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Marguí
- Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| | - R Dalipi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, B. Ubertini, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - L Borgese
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - L E Depero
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - I Queralt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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Carbon-based sorbents and their nanocomposites for the enrichment of heavy metal ions: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:578. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Wang W, Bao N, Yuan W, Si N, Bai H, Li H, Zhang Q. Simultaneous determination of lead, arsenic, and mercury in cosmetics using a plastic based disposable electrochemical sensor. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Effervescent tablets containing magnetic ionic liquids as a non-conventional extraction and dispersive agent for speciation of arsenite and arsenate in vegetable samples. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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23
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Sadat SM, Seyed Ghoreyshi S, Rajabi F, Zendehdel R. Development of a new method for biomonitoring of multiple metals in occupational exposure. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2018; 15:833-840. [PMID: 30207929 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2018.1521972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of co-exposure to several types of metal contamination poses a hurdle for occupational monitoring. Determination of elements in biological samples is an important way to evaluate occupational exposure. However, optimized methods for the extraction of multiple metals from biological samples have not been reported in recent studies. Therefore, solid-phase extraction (SPE) based on the functionalized nano-zeolite Y was suggested for the biomonitoring of metal co-exposure. SPE was conducted with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) surrounded by Triton X-100 micelles, which were loaded into the pores of nano-zeolite Y. In this study, SPE was optimized for pre-concentration of trace amounts of chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in urine samples with respect to the pH, APDC concentration, elution condition, amount of functionalized nano-zeolite Y, and sample volume. This method has been successfully optimized for the extraction of the mentioned multiple metals with >97% efficiency and an acceptable reproducibility with a coefficient variation of <10%. This method could be used in the extraction of multiple metals in environmental and occupational exposure conditions. In this study, urine samples of welding workers were evaluated following this optimized method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Sadat
- a Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Shirin Seyed Ghoreyshi
- a Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rajabi
- a Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Rezvan Zendehdel
- b Department of Occupational Hygiene, School of Public Health and Safety , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science , Tehran , Iran
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24
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Haghnazari L, Mirzaei N, Arfaeinia H, Karimyan K, Sharafi H, Fattahi N. Speciation of As(ΙΙΙ)/As(V) and Total Inorganic Arsenic in Biological Fluids Using New Mode of Liquid-Phase Microextraction and Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 183:173-181. [PMID: 28803426 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a new extraction method based on countercurrent liquid-liquid microextraction (CLLME) has been developed for the extraction and preconcentration of inorganic arsenic (iAs) in plasma and urine samples prior to their analysis by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). In this method, firstly, 5 ml of water is added to the extraction vessel. Then 30.0 μl of the extracting solvent is added to it in order for the extracting solvent to be placed in the narrow-necked vessel. In total, 10 ml of a standard solution or a pretreated real sample is added to the sample container and it is connected to the extraction vessel via a connector. While opening the embedded valve at the bottom of the sample container and the one in the extraction vessel, the sample solution flows into the extracting solvent with the same flow rate, leading to the successful extraction of metal ligand into the extracting organic solvent. Under the optimum conditions, calibration curves are linear in the range of 0.1-50 μg l-1, and limit of detections (LODs) are in the range of 0.03-0.05 μg l-1. The enhancement factor and enrichment factor were in the range of 220-240 and 198-212, respectively. Repeatability (intra-day) and reproducibility (inter-day) of method based on seven replicate measurements of 5.0 μg l-1 of arsenic were in the range of 2.3-3.5% and 4.0-5.7%, respectively. The applicability of the proposed CLLME and ETAAS methods was demonstrated by analyzing the iAs in spiked urine and plasma samples. The obtained recoveries of the arsenic in the range of 92-107% indicated the excellent capability of the developed method for speciation of arsenic from plasma and urine samples. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Haghnazari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nezam Mirzaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Arfaeinia
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Kamaladdin Karimyan
- Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Hooshmand Sharafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nazir Fattahi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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25
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Lim DS, Roh TH, Kim MK, Kwon YC, Choi SM, Kwack SJ, Kim KB, Yoon S, Kim HS, Lee BM. Non-cancer, cancer, and dermal sensitization risk assessment of heavy metals in cosmetics. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:432-452. [PMID: 29589992 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1451191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metal content of cosmetics may be a cause for concern in that exposure to these metals is associated with adverse consequences. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess consequences attributed to exposure to heavy metals in cosmetics as determined by non-cancer, cancer, and sensitization risks methodologies. The quantification and exposure assessments of aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), antimony (Sb), and titanium (Ti) were performed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The non-cancer risk assessment of Al, Cr3+, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sb, and Ti in cosmetic samples resulted in a margin of safety (MOS) greater than 100 or a hazard index (HI) of less than 1. However, the probability of lifetime cancer risk (LCR) resulting from dermal exposure to heavy metals from cosmetics exceeded the acceptable risk levels (LCR > 10-5). An exposure-based sensitization quantitative risk assessment determined that the ratios of acceptable exposure level to consumers for Ni, Co, Cu, or Hg were above 1, suggesting an absence of skin-sensitizing potential. For an average daily user of lip cosmetics, the estimated intakes of heavy metals were within the acceptable daily intake (ADI). The percentage of heavy users for which metal intakes exceeded ADIs were 20.37% for Pb, 9.26% for Mn, 1.85% for Cr3+, and 1.85% for Cr6+, respectively. Data suggested that the heavy metals present in cosmetics do not appear to pose a serious risk to health. However, for heavy users of lip cosmetics, contamination with some heavy metals, such as Pb, Mn, and Cr needs to be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duck Soo Lim
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Roh
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Min Kook Kim
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Yong Chan Kwon
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Seul Min Choi
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Seung Jun Kwack
- b Department of Biochemistry and Health Science, College of Natural Sciences , Changwon National University , Changwon , Gyeongnam , South Korea
| | - Kyu Bong Kim
- c College of Pharmacy , Dankook University , Cheonan , Chungnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Sungpil Yoon
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Byung-Mu Lee
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
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Mohammed T, Mohammed E, Bascombe S. The evaluation of total mercury and arsenic in skin bleaching creams commonly used in Trinidad and Tobago and their potential risk to the people of the Caribbean. J Public Health Res 2017; 6:1097. [PMID: 29291194 PMCID: PMC5736993 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2017.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Skin lightening is very popular among women and some men of the Caribbean, and its popularity appears to be growing. The lightening of skin colour is done to produce a lighter complexion which is believed to increase attractiveness, social standing and improves one’s potential of being successful. Design and Methods. Fifteen (15) common skin lightening creams found in pharmacies and cosmetic retailers throughout Trinidad and Tobago were evaluated for Mercury by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (CVAAS) and Arsenic by Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (HGAAS). The results obtained were compared to global standards and previous research. Results. Fourteen (14) of the fifteen samples analysed contained Mercury in the range of 0.473 μg/g to 0.766 μg/g. One sample had a Mercury content of 14,507.74±490.75 μg/g which was over 14,000 times higher than the USFDA limit for mercury in cosmetics of 1 μg/g. All samples contained Arsenic in the range 1.016 μg/g to 6.612 μg/g, which exceeds the EU limit for cosmetics of 0 μg/g. Conclusions. All the samples analysed contained significant amounts of Mercury and Arsenic and none of them can be considered safe for prolonged human use. The samples that contained Mercury levels which were lower than the USFDA limit contained Arsenic levels which exceeded the EU standard of 0 μg/g in cosmetics. The popularity of these skin lightening creams in the Caribbean region places the population at elevated risk of chronic Mercury and Arsenic poisoning and possibly acute Mercury Poisoning. Significance for public health The lightening of one’s skin to achieve a more attractive and successful appearance has become part of the culture of the Caribbean, and the use of low priced skin lightening creams is widespread. The dangers posed by these products is unknown to many of its users and for those better informed, the use of so called Mercury free creams are preferred. This study revealed that none of the products investigated were Mercury free and introduces the lesser known danger of Arsenic exposure from these creams. This study therefore serves to increase awareness of the dangers of these products to public health, and provides valuable information to the medical practitioner that may allow a more timely and accurate diagnosis of potential Arsenic and Mercury poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Elisabeth Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Shermel Bascombe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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Perez AL, Nembhard M, Monnot A, Bator D, Madonick E, Gaffney SH. Child and adult exposure and health risk evaluation following the use of metal- and metalloid-containing costume cosmetics sold in the United States. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 84:54-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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28
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Iwegbue CM, Emakunu OS, Nwajei GE, Bassey FI, Martincigh BS. Evaluation of human exposure to metals from some commonly used bathing soaps and shower gels in Nigeria. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 83:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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29
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Gbetoh MH, Amyot M. Mercury, hydroquinone and clobetasol propionate in skin lightening products in West Africa and Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 150:403-410. [PMID: 27372064 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Skin lightening products are types of cosmetics (creams, gels, lotions and soaps) applied voluntarily on skin. Several of these products contain a variety of active ingredients that are highly toxic. Among those toxic agents, the present study focuses on mercury, hydroquinone, and clobetasol propionate. Out of the 93 lightening soaps and 98 creams purchased in large city markets in sub-Saharan West Africa and in small ethnic shops in Canada, 68-84% of all creams and 7.5-65% of all soaps exceeded regulatory guidelines for at least one active ingredient when considering different regulations. Mercury was found in high concentrations mainly in soaps, while hydroquinone and clobetasol propionate concentrations exceeded US FDA standards in some creams for all countries included in our study. Concentrations of the three compounds declared on labels of soaps and creams usually did not correspond to concentrations actually measured, particularly for mercury and hydroquinone. Overall, our results indicate that most studied skin-lightening products are potentially toxic and that product labels are frequently inaccurate with respect to the presence of toxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mètogbé Honoré Gbetoh
- Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H2V 2S9
| | - Marc Amyot
- Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H2V 2S9.
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30
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de Paula CER, Cruz GF, Rezende CMS, Cassella RJ. Determination of Cr and Mn in moisturizing creams by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry through direct introduction of the samples in the form of emulsions. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Al-Saleh I. Potential health consequences of applying mercury-containing skin-lightening creams during pregnancy and lactation periods. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219:468-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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32
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Alqadami AA, Naushad M, Abdalla MA, Ahamad T, Abdullah Alothman Z, Alshehri SM. Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4@TSC nanocomposite: highly efficient removal of toxic metal ions from aqueous medium. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27525c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new magnetic adsorbent Fe3O4@TSC was used for the removal of Cr3+ and Co2+ metal ions from aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Abdullah Alqadami
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Bld #5, King Saud University
- Riyadh-11451
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mu Naushad
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Bld #5, King Saud University
- Riyadh-11451
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tansir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Bld #5, King Saud University
- Riyadh-11451
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid Abdullah Alothman
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Bld #5, King Saud University
- Riyadh-11451
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad M. Alshehri
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Bld #5, King Saud University
- Riyadh-11451
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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LAN T, WANG FH, XI XJ, CHENG CW, LEI W, XIA MZ, WANG FY. A Rhodamine-based Dual Chemosensor for the Simultaneous Detection of Fe 3+ and Cu 2+. ANAL SCI 2016; 32:1223-1229. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao LAN
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, School of Geography Science
- China National Institute of Standardization
| | - Feng-He WANG
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, School of Geography Science
| | | | - Chun-Wen CHENG
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, School of Geography Science
- Industrial Chemical Institute, Nanjing University of Science and Technology
| | - Wu LEI
- Industrial Chemical Institute, Nanjing University of Science and Technology
| | - Ming-Zhu XIA
- Industrial Chemical Institute, Nanjing University of Science and Technology
| | - Feng-Yun WANG
- Industrial Chemical Institute, Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Electrospun Polystyrene Nanofiber as an Adsorbent for Solid-Phase Extraction of Disulfine Blue from Aqueous Samples. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-015-1968-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Iwegbue CM. Evaluation of Human Exposure to metals from some popular brands of underarm cosmetics in Nigeria. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 72:630-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Iwegbue CM, Bassey FI, Tesi GO, Onyeloni SO, Obi G, Martincigh BS. Safety evaluation of metal exposure from commonly used moisturizing and skin-lightening creams in Nigeria. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 71:484-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Toropov AA, Toropova AP. Quasi-QSAR for mutagenic potential of multi-walled carbon-nanotubes. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 124:40-46. [PMID: 25465947 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Available on the Internet, the CORAL software (http://www.insilico.eu/coral) has been used to build up quasi-quantitative structure-activity relationships (quasi-QSAR) for prediction of mutagenic potential of multi-walled carbon-nanotubes (MWCNTs). In contrast with the previous models built up by CORAL which were based on representation of the molecular structure by simplified molecular input-line entry system (SMILES) the quasi-QSARs based on the representation of conditions (not on the molecular structure) such as concentration, presence (absence) S9 mix, the using (or without the using) of preincubation were encoded by so-called quasi-SMILES. The statistical characteristics of these models (quasi-QSARs) for three random splits into the visible training set and test set and invisible validation set are the following: (i) split 1: n=13, r(2)=0.8037, q(2)=0.7260, s=0.033, F=45 (training set); n=5, r(2)=0.9102, s=0.071 (test set); n=6, r(2)=0.7627, s=0.044 (validation set); (ii) split 2: n=13, r(2)=0.6446, q(2)=0.4733, s=0.045, F=20 (training set); n=5, r(2)=0.6785, s=0.054 (test set); n=6, r(2)=0.9593, s=0.032 (validation set); and (iii) n=14, r(2)=0.8087, q(2)=0.6975, s=0.026, F=51 (training set); n=5, r(2)=0.9453, s=0.074 (test set); n=5, r(2)=0.8951, s=0.052 (validation set).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Toropov
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy.
| | - Alla P Toropova
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
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Mohamed HM. Green, environment-friendly, analytical tools give insights in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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ALOthman ZA, Yilmaz E, Habila MA, Alsohaimi IH, Aldawsari AM, AL-Harbi NM, Soylak M. Triethylenetetramine modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the efficient preconcentration of Pb(ii), Cu(ii), Ni(ii) and Cd(ii) before FAAS detection. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19213g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triethylenetetramine modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (TETA-MWCNTs) were prepared and used as an efficient adsorbent for the solid phase extraction of heavy metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeid A. ALOthman
- Advanced Materials Research Chair
- Chemistry Department
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh-11451
| | - Erkan Yilmaz
- Erciyes University
- Faculty of Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- 38039-Kayseri
- Turkey
| | - Mohamed A. Habila
- Advanced Materials Research Chair
- Chemistry Department
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh-11451
| | - Ibrahim H. Alsohaimi
- Advanced Materials Research Chair
- Chemistry Department
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh-11451
| | - Abdullah M. Aldawsari
- Advanced Materials Research Chair
- Chemistry Department
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh-11451
| | - Nasser M. AL-Harbi
- Regional Analytical SABIC T&I
- Saudi Basic Industries Corporation
- Riyadh 11551
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Soylak
- Erciyes University
- Faculty of Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- 38039-Kayseri
- Turkey
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Recent applications of carbon nanotube sorbents in analytical chemistry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1357:110-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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41
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Liang X, Liu S, Wang S, Guo Y, Jiang S. Carbon-based sorbents: Carbon nanotubes. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1357:53-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Wang T, Sung YJ, Hsu CH, Hsieh YK, Wang CF. Combining Ammonium Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate/methyl Isobutyl Ketone Microextraction in an Inexpensive Disposable Pipette with Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Cd and Pd. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201300441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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Response surface methodology based on central composite design as a chemometric tool for optimization of dispersive-solidification liquid–liquid microextraction for speciation of inorganic arsenic in environmental water samples. Talanta 2014; 123:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Toxic metals contained in cosmetics: A status report. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 68:447-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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45
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A highly sensitive “test paper” for Hg 2+
ions based on polyurethane membrane. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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