1
|
Alharbi BFH, Baker P, Pavey T, Alharbi MF. Investigating the beliefs of Saudi females regarding physical activity: a qualitative exploration. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2296696. [PMID: 38127866 PMCID: PMC10763862 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2296696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Saudi women have been deprived of equal access to and opportunities for an active lifestyle due to sociocultural restrictions. Using the theory of planned behaviour, this elicitation study aimed to explore the salient beliefs of young Saudi women aged 18-35 regarding physical activity (PA). METHODS A descriptive qualitative methodology was utilized using a semi-structured interview. A total of 25 transcribed interviews were coded. Content analysis was used to identify the salient beliefs and to rank-order the beliefs using an adaptation of Burnard's model. FINDINGS Thirty-five salient beliefs were identified as dominant factors in the decision to engage in PA. The salient beliefs about PA are classified as positive (related to advantages, social approval, and enabling) and negative (related to disadvantages, social disapproval, and barriers). These included behavioural beliefs (concerning physical/psychological well-being and social opportunities), normative beliefs (concerning family, community, international and local media influencers' expectations), and control beliefs (concerning personal, social, natural, and built environment enablers as well as constraints). CONCLUSIONS Due to the elicited beliefs, young women may be able to adopt more active lifestyles and change their inactive behaviour. Addressing negative beliefs can help change their inactive behaviour. Strengthening positive beliefs and facilitators is also beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basmah Fehaid H Alharbi
- Basic Health Science Department, Qassim University, Applied Medical Science College, Al-Qassim Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Philip Baker
- Faculty of Health, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove
| | - Toby Pavey
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology
| | - Manal F. Alharbi
- Maternal & Child Health Nursing Department, College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nigg C, Alothman SA, Alghannam AF, Schipperijn J, AlAhmed R, Alsukait RF, Rakic S, Cetinkaya V, Al-Hazzaa HM, Alqahtani SA. A systematic review on the associations between the built environment and adult's physical activity in global tropical and subtropical climate regions. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:59. [PMID: 38773559 PMCID: PMC11107026 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a major public health concern, exacerbated in countries with a (sub)tropical climate. The built environment can facilitate physical activity; however, current evidence is mainly from North American and European countries with activity-friendly climate conditions. This study explored associations between built environment features and physical activity in global tropical or subtropical dry or desert climate regions. METHODS A systematic review of four major databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and SportDISCUS) was performed. To be included, studies had to investigate associations between perceived or objective built environment characteristics and adult's physical activity and had to be conducted in a location with (sub)tropical climate. Each investigated association was reported as one case and results were synthesized based upon perceived and objectively assessed environment characteristics as well as Western and non-Western countries. Study quality was evaluated using a tool designed for assessing studies on built environment and physical activity. RESULTS Eighty-four articles from 50 studies in 13 countries with a total of 2546 built environment-physical activity associations were included. Design (connectivity, walking/cycling infrastructure), desirability (aesthetics, safety), and destination accessibility were the built environment characteristics most frequently associated with physical activity across the domains active transport, recreational physical activity, total walking and cycling, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, particularly if multiple attributes were present at the same time. Very few studies assessed built environment attributes specifically relevant to physical activity in (sub)tropical climates. Most studies were conducted in Western countries, with results being largely comparable with non-Western countries. Findings were largely generalizable across gender and age groups. Results from natural experiments indicated that relocating to an activity-friendly neighborhood impacted sub-groups differently. CONCLUSIONS Built environment attributes, including destination accessibility, connectivity, walking and cycling infrastructure, safety, and aesthetics, are positively associated with physical activity in locations with (sub)tropical climate. However, few studies focus on built environment attributes specifically relevant in a hot climate, such as shade or indoor recreation options. Further, there is limited evidence from non-Western countries, where most of the urban population lives in (sub)tropical climates. Policy makers should focus on implementing activity-friendly environment attributes to create sustainable and climate-resilient cities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Nigg
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, Bern, 3012, Switzerland.
| | - Shaima A Alothman
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, PO Box 47330, Riyadh, 11552, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alghannam
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, PO Box 47330, Riyadh, 11552, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasper Schipperijn
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 39, Odense, 5230, Denmark
| | - Reem AlAhmed
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing Department (BESC), King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem F Alsukait
- Community Health Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 145111, Riyadh, 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Severin Rakic
- The World Bank, 1818 H Street N.W, Washington, DC, 20433, USA
| | | | - Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, PO Box 47330, Riyadh, 11552, Saudi Arabia
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Jordan, King Abdullah II St, Amman, Jordan
| | - Saleh A Alqahtani
- Liver Transplant Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, 11564, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abdulrashid OA, Shah HBU, Baeshen WA, Aljuaid SM, Alasmari EA, Baokbah RA, Baokbah RA, Alamoudi NM, Alkhelewi MS, Turkistani AA, Alharbi AA, Alghamdi AA, Alharthi F, Alcattan M, Haikal AM. Physical activity and health-related quality of life among adults living in Jeddah city Saudi Arabia. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16059. [PMID: 37719115 PMCID: PMC10501367 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity can improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults. However, the effect of physical activity on quality of life is unclear among the Saudi adult population. The study aimed to determine the association between physical activity and HRQoL in apparently healthy adults in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among visitors of shopping malls, walking tracks/fitness centres/gyms and governmental hospitals in Jeddah from March to September 2022. Physical activity was measured with the electronic template of the general practice physical activity questionnaire (GPPAQ), while the HRQoL was measured using the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) questionnaire. A multiple linear regression model investigated the relationship between physical activity and HRQoL. Results A total of 693 individuals participated in this study, with a mean age of 36 (±11). Individuals who fall in the active category of the physical activity level were mostly younger men (37% vs 21%), were non-smokers (30% vs 10%) and had no comorbid condition (29% vs 15%). After adjusting for covariates, men (adjusted β 4.43, 95% CI [1.44-7.41]) with higher physical activity levels (active-adjusted β 10.11, 95% CI [5.44-14.77]) had better scores on the physical component summary (PCS). Similarly, mental component summary (MCS) scores for men (adjusted β 6.51, 95% CI [3.40-9.63]) and physical activity levels (active-adjusted β 9.77, 95% CI [4.90-14.64]) were high. Conclusion The article reinforces how physical activity contributes towards each dimension of HRQoL. Physical inactivity is a growing public health challenge in Saudi Arabia, affecting all age groups. Investing in innovative strategies and establishing targeted health education programs for academic institutions and communities are required to enhance healthy habits. Additionally, constructing more local sports facilities and concession packages, especially for the females at the gyms, can motivate individuals and promote physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ola Akram Abdulrashid
- Directorate of Health Affairs, Planning and Transformation Office, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Bin Usman Shah
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Sarah Mohammad Aljuaid
- Directorate of Health Affairs-Jeddah Research and Studies Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas Awad Alasmari
- Directorate of Health Affairs-Jeddah Research and Studies Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Ali Baokbah
- Directorate of Health Affairs-Jeddah Research and Studies Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema Ali Baokbah
- Directorate of Health Affairs-Jeddah Research and Studies Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Maha Saleh Alkhelewi
- Directorate of Health Affairs, Planning and Transformation Office, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Fawaz Alharthi
- Directorate of Health Affairs, Planning and Transformation Office, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alcattan
- Directorate of Health Affairs, Planning and Transformation Office, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arumugam A, Mohammad Zadeh SA, Zabin ZA, Hawarneh TME, Ahmed HI, Jauhari FS, Alkalih HY, Shousha TM, Moustafa IM, Häger CK. Sedentary and physical activity time differs between self-reported ATLS-2 physical activity questionnaire and accelerometer measurements in adolescents and young adults in the United Arab Emirates. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1045. [PMID: 37264348 PMCID: PMC10233181 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most young adults and adolescents in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) do not meet the established internationally recommended physical activity levels per day. The Arab Teen Lifestyle Study (ATLS) physical activity questionnaire has been recommended for measuring self-reported physical activity of Arab adolescents and young adults (aged 14 years to mid-twenties). The first version of the ATLS has been validated with accelerometers and pedometers (r ≤ 0.30). The revised version of the questionnaire (ATLS-2, 2021) needs further validation. The aim of this study was to validate the self-reported subjective sedentary and physical activity time of the ATLS-2 (revised version) physical activity questionnaire with that of Fibion accelerometer-measured data. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 131 healthy adolescents and young adults (aged 20.47 ± 2.16 [mean ± SD] years (range 14-25 years), body mass index 23.09 ± 4.45 (kg/m2) completed the ATLS-2 and wore the Fibion accelerometer for a maximum of 7 days. Participants (n = 131; 81% non-UAE Arabs (n = 106), 13% Asians (n = 17) and 6% Emiratis (n = 8)) with valid ATLS-2 data without missing scores and Fibion data of minimum 10 h/day for at least 3 weekdays and 1 weekend day were analyzed. Concurrent validity between the two methods was assessed by the Spearman rho correlation and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS The questionnaire underestimated sedentary and physical activity time compared to the accelerometer data. Only negligible to weak correlations (r ≤ 0.12; p > 0.05) were found for sitting, walking, cycling, moderate intensity activity, high intensity activity and total activity time. In addition, a proportional/systematic bias was evident in the plots for all but two (walking and moderate intensity activity time) of the outcome measures of interest. CONCLUSIONS Overall, self-reported ATLS-2 sedentary and physical activity time had low correlation and agreement with objective Fibion accelerometer measurements in adolescents and young adults in the UAE. Therefore, sedentary and physical activity assessment for these groups should not be limited to self-reported measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashokan Arumugam
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS - Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sustainable Engineering Asset Management Research Group, RISE - Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Adjunct Faculty, Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shima A Mohammad Zadeh
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zina Anwar Zabin
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tamara Mohammad Emad Hawarneh
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hejab Iftikhar Ahmed
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatema Shabbir Jauhari
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hanan Youssef Alkalih
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tamer Mohamed Shousha
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS - Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M Moustafa
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS - Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Charlotte K Häger
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation - Physiotherapy Section, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Al-Nuaim A, Safi A. Factors Influencing Saudi Youth Physical Activity Participation: A Qualitative Study Based on the Social Ecological Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105785. [PMID: 37239514 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing improvement in urbanisation, modes of transportation and the expansion of sedentary behaviour, both at work and home, have resulted in declining rates of physical activity (PA) worldwide. Nearly one-third of the global population aged 15 and over are insufficiently active. The negative effect of physical inactivity has been evidenced and ranked fourth as the lethal cause of death globally. Therefore, the aim of this research was to explore the factors influencing PA participation among youths from different geographical locations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS Sixteen focus groups (males = 8 and females = 8) were conducted with a total of 120 secondary school students (male = 63 and female = 57) aged between 15 and 19 years. The focus groups were analysed to identify key themes through the process of thematic analysis. RESULTS Results from the focus groups indicated that a lack of time, safety, parental support, policies, access to sport and PA facilities, and transportation, as well as climate were reported as barriers to PA participation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The current research contributes to the scarce literature focused on the multidimensional effects on Saudi youth PA behaviour from different geographical locations. This qualitative approach has provided the participants a voice, and the overall study offers valuable evidence as well as invaluable information to policymakers, public health departments, and local authorities for PA intervention based on the environment and the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Al-Nuaim
- Physical Education Department, Education College, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayazullah Safi
- Department of Public Health, Centre for Life and Sport Science (C-LaSS), Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saquib J, Alhomaidan HT, Al-Mohaimeed A, Aljaghwani L, Al-Mohaimeed R, Alghadhiyah D, Altwijri R, Alazmi AL, Al-Mohaimeed FA, Alhamed GS, Alsowiyan AA, Alharbi AM, Saquib N. Effect of a WhatsApp walking trial on daily steps among female Saudi Arabian university students. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2023; 17:16-21. [PMID: 36891045 PMCID: PMC9986880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Physical inactivity in Saudi women is high, even among young women (60% of university students are physically inactive). We aimed to investigate the effect of a physical activity intervention on daily walking among female students at a Saudi university. Methods Two hundred and seven female students (mean age: 22.6 ± 1.3; body mass index: 24.6 ± 5.9) participated in a parallel-group randomized trial. The intervention group wore pedometers and received health-promotion messages for 12 weeks through WhatsApp®; the control group received a similar number of messages unrelated to health. Average daily steps and self-reported activity were assessed at baseline and after 3 months. Analysis followed an intention-to-treat approach. Group differences in average daily steps were assessed using a two (group) by 2 (time) ANOVA. F-tests for main effects and the interaction were evaluated; P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results There was a significant group-by-time interaction, that is, the intervention group had a significantly higher change in daily steps compared to the control group (+576 vs. -525; F = 4.33, P = 0.04). Self-reported daily activity was not significantly different by group. Conclusions The intervention was effective at improving the number of daily steps in young women. Future studies could test this intervention among other student groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliann Saquib
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Al Bukayriah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Homaidan T. Alhomaidan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Mohaimeed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain Aljaghwani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Al-Mohaimeed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Darren Alghadhiyah
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Altwijri
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Lafi Alazmi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah Ali Al-Mohaimeed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadah Saleh Alhamed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Abdullah Alsowiyan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashwaq Mohammed Alharbi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazmus Saquib
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Al Bukayriah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Albujulaya N, Stevinson C. Exercise Promotion in Saudi Arabia: Understanding Personal, Environmental, and Social Determinants of Physical Activity Participation and Well-Being. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3554. [PMID: 36834247 PMCID: PMC9965198 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity promotion has received increasing attention globally due to the considerable benefits of regular activity for population health and well-being. In Saudi Arabia, government strategy explicitly aims to increase physical activity participation among residents. This study assessed the barriers to physical activity among the general Saudi population including any age and gender differences and examined the contribution of contextual factors and nature relatedness to health and well-being. A representative sample of 1046 Saudi adults (aged 18 years and above) completed an online survey that included four validated scales: the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form, the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale, the World Health Organization Five Well-Being Index and the Nature Relatedness Scale. Analyses indicated that young Saudi adults perceived more barriers than middle-aged and older adults, but few gender differences were observed. Furthermore, exercising outdoors, with other people and via sport predicted higher levels of mental well-being, as did nature relatedness. Therefore, developing a comprehensive strategy package that includes the development of outdoor environments for all age groups across regions and fostering a connection with nature may be particularly effective to improve the health and well-being of Saudi adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naif Albujulaya
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Clare Stevinson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bajamal E, Robbins LB. Psychometric properties of the Arabic version of Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Appl Nurs Res 2023; 69:151660. [PMID: 36635015 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2022.151660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for becoming overweight or obese and developing chronic conditions that lead to an increase in mortality globally. Inadequate physical activity (PA) has been a problem among Arabic-speaking populations, including female adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Unfortunately, psychometrically sound measures to assess PA among female adolescents in Saudi Arabia are lacking, indicating that a reliable, valid and feasible self-report measure is urgently needed for use with this young Arabic-speaking population. METHODS A cross-sectional study approved by a university institutional review board was conducted with 383 Saudi female adolescents, 13-18 years of age, who were recruited from 10 all-female public schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Physical activity was measured via the PAQ-A, which assesses the level of PA engagement during the school year for 7 days. Internal consistency was estimated. Both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to assess the measure's construct validity and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess convergent validity. RESULTS Cronbach's alpha was 0.81, indicating acceptable internal consistency. Item-total correlation coefficients ranged from 0.11 to 0.61. Both EFA and CFA indicated a single-factor. The scale was significantly correlated with other cognitive and affective variables that reflected the physical activity perceptions among the female adolescents, such as enjoyment of PA, PA self-efficacy and social support for PA. CONCLUSIONS The Arabic version of the PAQ-A is reliable and valid measure for assessing PA among Arabic-speaking female adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Bajamal
- College of Nursing, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Mail Code 6565, P.O. Box 9515, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC).
| | - Lorraine B Robbins
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue Street, C-245, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ul Sabah Z, Mohammed Alshorfi HA, Ali AlAsiri AA, Aziz S, Wani J, Khan H. Evaluation and Assessment of Community Awareness About Coronary Artery Disease in the Aseer Region. Cureus 2022; 14:e31667. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
10
|
Hakim NA, Alwagdany DA, Hammad JM, Kattan MF, Mannan SA. Dietary Lifestyle of Clinical Nutrition Students Compared with That of Age-Matched Non-Medical Students. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220331114614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
There is an assumption that clinical nutrition (CLN) students should have better nutritional and health statuses and practice healthier lifestyles than other students. However, the effect of pursuing nutritional studies on student dietary lifestyle is not well known.
Objective:
To investigate differences in nutritional status between CLN-major and Administration/Humanities-major (AHM) students as well as determine their sources of health and nutrition-related information.
Method:
This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study that CLN and AHM (mainly English and Arabic majors) students were recruited. Anthropometric measurements were taken, and a questionnaire was administered to assess their dietary lifestyle.
Results:
In total, 160 female students (CLN, 86; AHM, 74) participated in the study. Most students from both groups (>44%) were within the normal body mass index (BMI) range (18.5–24.9 kg/m2); no CLN students had class II or III obesity. No significant difference in BMI between the two groups was observed. CLN students tended to consume breakfast and snacks more than AHM students. Daily fruit and vegetable consumption was significantly higher among CLN than AHM students. No significant difference was found in fried food or water intake between the two groups. CLN students were more involved in high-intensity exercise than their counterparts.
Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that health status and dietary lifestyle among CLN students are influenced by their study major. Obesity is less prevalent, and consumption of healthy foods, such as fruits and vegetables, is higher among CLN students. Future studies investigating the long-term effect of studying CLN on lifestyle and social relations with family and friends are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noor A. Hakim
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 3905 King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 23523, KSA
| | - Demah A. Alwagdany
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, 80324 King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, KSA
| | - Jehan M. Hammad
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, 80324 King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, KSA
| | - Maram F. Kattan
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, 80324 King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, KSA
| | - Shahad A. Mannan
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, 80324 King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, KSA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aljehani N, Razee H, Ritchie J, Valenzuela T, Bunde-Birouste A, Alkhaldi G. Exploring Female University Students' Participation in Physical Activity in Saudi Arabia: A Mixed-Methods Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:829296. [PMID: 35372244 PMCID: PMC8971611 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.829296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of physical activity in improving physical and mental health has been emphasized in many studies. Researchers in Saudi Arabia have reported an increase in physical inactivity among Saudis, especially among University female population. Current efforts in the field in Saudi Arabia have yet to explore barriers and facilitators that influence female University student's participation in physical activity. This study aims to provide an assessment of the situation regarding physical activity among female University students in Saudi Arabia. Methods This mixed method study preceded a participatory action research initiative. The first part of the mixed method consisted of a cross-sectional survey of 375 female University students in Saudi Arabia who completed the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The second part consisted of semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 14 female University students and 16 female exercise trainers. Results Results showed that most participants (91%) spent more time in walking activity compared to moderate (66%) and vigorous activity (57%) for at least 10 min at a time over a period of 7 days. Results showed that 70% of participants did not meet the WHO recommendation of 150 min per week of moderate activity, while around 62% of participants did not meet the WHO recommendation of 75 min per week of vigorous activity. Barriers to participation included limited facilities for physical activities, academic workload, gender role, and the need to adhere to cultural standards. Facilitators included valuing positive results, general health concerns, and family support. Conclusion Knowledge gained from this study might support organizations and public health authorities to develop physical activity interventions that better address Saudi women's perceived needs. These findings are an important contribution to current knowledge in light of recent advances in women's rights in Saudi Arabia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najla Aljehani
- School of Population Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Najla Aljehani
| | - Husna Razee
- School of Population Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jan Ritchie
- School of Population Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Trinidad Valenzuela
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Therapy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anne Bunde-Birouste
- School of Population Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ghadah Alkhaldi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
ALKATAN MOHAMMED, ALSHARJI KHALED, AKBAR ABDULLAH, ALSHAREEFI AMAL, ALKHALAF SANABEL, ALABDULJADER KHOLOUD, AL-HAZZAA HAZZAAM. Physical activity and sedentary behaviors among active college students in Kuwait relative to gender status. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2021; 62:E407-E414. [PMID: 34604581 PMCID: PMC8451337 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.2.1650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To determine the prevalence of physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviors (SB) and sleep duration and the associations between those variables among Kuwaiti Physical Education (PE) College students. Methods A total of 418 participants (220 females) were randomly selected from the Basic Education College in the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training in Kuwait. Body weight and height were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. A validated questionnaire was used to assess lifestyle behaviors. Results Based on BMI classification, the prevalence of overweight or obesity among males (34.9%) was significantly higher than that of females (16.7%). However, the mean (SD) of body fat percentage using bioelectrical impedance analysis was 21.3 (9.0) for males and 32.3 (7.7) for females. The proportions of highly active (> 1,200 METs-min/week) males (85.9%) and females (64.3%) were significantly (p < 0.005) different. The participants exceeding 3 hours of screen viewing time/day and insufficient sleep duration (< 7 hours/night) were 76.8% and 65.1%, respectively, with no gender differences. Logistic regression, adjusted for confounders, showed that highly active PE students had a higher proportion of SB. However, neither sleep duration nor body fat percentage exhibited any significant difference relative to PA. Conclusions Despite having high PA, Kuwaiti PE College students had a high prevalence of SB and insufficient sleep. Gender differences were found in PA but not in screen time or sleep duration. Efforts toward reducing SB and insufficient sleep among Kuwaiti PE College students are needed to reduce unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and promote health and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MOHAMMED ALKATAN
- Department of Physical Education & Sports, College of Basic Education, Public Authority for Applied Education & Training, Kuwait
| | - KHALED ALSHARJI
- Department of Physical Education & Sports, College of Basic Education, Public Authority for Applied Education & Training, Kuwait
| | - ABDULLAH AKBAR
- Department of Physical Education & Sports, College of Basic Education, Public Authority for Applied Education & Training, Kuwait
| | - AMAL ALSHAREEFI
- Department of Physical Education & Sports, College of Basic Education, Public Authority for Applied Education & Training, Kuwait
| | - SANABEL ALKHALAF
- Department of Physical Education & Sports, College of Basic Education, Public Authority for Applied Education & Training, Kuwait
| | - KHOLOUD ALABDULJADER
- Department of Physical Education & Sports, College of Basic Education, Public Authority for Applied Education & Training, Kuwait
| | - HAZZAA M. AL-HAZZAA
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa, Head, Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Science Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11673, Saudi Arabia - E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Murtagh E, Shalash A, Martin R, Abu Rmeileh N. Measurement and prevalence of adult physical activity levels in Arab countries. Public Health 2021; 198:129-140. [PMID: 34418764 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine the reported prevalence of sufficient physical activity among adults in Arab countries and to determine the use of validated instruments for assessing physical activity. STUDY DESIGN This is a systematic literature review. METHODS This review follows recommendations outlined in the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. The protocol for this study was preregistered with PROSPERO. Cross-sectional, cohort and intervention studies with a minimum of 300 adults aged ≥18 years assessing physical activity using a questionnaire or other self-report measure in the Arabic language were identified from seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscu and PubMed). Databases were searched from 1st January 2008 to 17th September 2018. Descriptive analysis was performed using frequency and percentages. The prevalence of physical activity was calculated as the average prevalence for the reported percentages from the studies with similar tools. RESULTS Fifty studies involving 298,242 participants were included in this review. The mean (range) sample size was 5964.8.1 (323-197,681). Data were collected from participants in 16 of the 22 Arab countries. Great variation exists across the studies in determining whether adults were sufficiently active or not. Twenty studies reported usable data from the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (moderate & high categories). In these studies, prevalence of physical activity ranged from 34.2 to 96.9%. It was not possible to compare the other studies owing to variation in instruments used to assess physical activity and in the case definition used for 'physically active'. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the need for wider reporting of physical activity and the adoption of valid and reliable instruments to support the development of evidence-informed policy and programmes at both country and regional level. International tools need to be correctly validated, or context-specific tools must be developed to accurately measure physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Murtagh
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland; Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
| | - A Shalash
- Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Palestine; School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - R Martin
- Mary Immaculate College, Limerick, Ireland
| | - N Abu Rmeileh
- Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Palestine
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Almoraie NM, Saqaan R, Alharthi R, Alamoudi A, Badh L, Shatwan IM. Snacking patterns throughout the life span: potential implications on health. Nutr Res 2021; 91:81-94. [PMID: 34144310 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Eating outside the three main meals - in other words, snacking - is a part of the dietary pattern of individuals in all stages of life. The quality and pattern of snacking have an impact on health during the life span. Thus, the aim of this review was to evaluate various patterns and health outcomes of the snacking habits of different demographical groups, from children to the elderly, throughout their life span. We discuss the snacking pattern among children and adolescents, which is characterized by consuming high energy foods with low nutrient value, and which is associated with increased risk of obesity. During university years, study stress and lack of time were obstacles to a healthy dietary pattern involving nutritious snacks, although awareness of the importance of healthy snacks was higher in this group than among younger age groups. Employment status and skipping regular meals were important factors affecting snacking quality and patterns in adulthood. Unhealthy snacks, high in energy, sugar, and salt and low in nutrients, were demonstrated to have a negative impact on individuals' health, such as oral health, blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes. In conclusion, encouraging individuals to consume healthy snacks that are high in nutrients through education to help them plan for their snacks is important to enhance health and reduce disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Almoraie
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rula Saqaan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Alharthi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alamoudi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain Badh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Israa M Shatwan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Barriers and Facilitators Associated with Physical Activity in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A Systematic Overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041647. [PMID: 33572229 PMCID: PMC7914747 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing physical inactivity levels in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is a public health concern. We aimed to synthesize barriers and facilitators to physical activity and make appropriate recommendations to address physical inactivity. We conducted an overview of systematic reviews on physical activity barriers and facilitators in 20 MENA countries by systematically searching MEDLINE/PubMed and Google Scholar for systematic reviews published between 2008 and 2020. Our overview included four systematic reviews and 119 primary studies with data from 17 MENA countries. Lack of suitable sports facilities, time, social support and motivation, gender and cultural norms, harsh weather, and hot climate were the most commonly reported barriers to physical activity. Socio-demographic factors negatively associated with physical activity participation include advanced age, being female, less educated, and being married. Motivation to gain health benefits, losing/maintaining weight, being male, dietary habits, recreation, and increased Body Mass Index are positively associated with increased levels of physical activity. Interventions promoting physical activity in MENA should target schoolchildren, women and girls, working parents, and the elderly. Country-specific sociocultural and environmental factors influencing physical activity should be considered in the design of interventions. Current and future policies and national interventions must be consistently evaluated for effectiveness and desired outcomes.
Collapse
|
16
|
Alruways AFH, Alotaibi NA, Rashikh MA, Alnufeie AA, Alshammari YJD, Alharthy MR, Alanazi FJM. Awareness and prevalence of coronary artery disease risk factors among Saudi adults in Dawadmi, Riyadh province: A cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 9:5629-5637. [PMID: 33532406 PMCID: PMC7842469 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_934_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Amongst the Middle East countries, Saudi Arabia is facing rapid progressive urbanization by the adoption of a westernized lifestyle and food habits, which contribute to the rising burden of CAD. We aim to evaluate the awareness and prevalence of CAD risk factors among Saudi adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between January and March 2020. Data were collected through an online survey using a self-administered questionnaire. Data assessed on socio-demographic variables, family history of CAD, knowledge of risk factors, symptoms, and complications of CAD. Results data were entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics, version 25. All comparisons were considered significant at P < 0.05. Results: A total of 311 subjects (48.6% men and 51.4% women) included, and most of the participants were between 18 and 25 years. A majority of the participants did not hear about CAD (82%) and unaware of any risk factors (26.4%), symptoms (25.1%), and complications (72.7%) of CAD. The prevalence of a family history of CAD (9.3%), overweight/obesity (58.6%), physical inactivity (79.1%), and smoking (24.1%) observed considerably high among the participants. Conclusion: The present study reveals that a significantly low level of awareness and a high prevalence of CAD risk factors found among Saudi adults. Therefore, the awareness program is needed at the public level to increase the knowledge of CAD risk factors so that persons with high risk for future CAD can be prevented.
Collapse
|
17
|
Mohamed BA, Mahfouz MS, Badr MF. Physical activity and its associated factors in females with type 2 diabetes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239905. [PMID: 33002054 PMCID: PMC7529343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the benefits of physical activity (PA) for the management of type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), the topic of PA is poorly addressed in Saudi Arabia (SA), especially in females with T2DM. The present study examined PA and its associated factors in females with T2DM in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This observational cross-sectional study was performed in a random sample of 372 women with T2DM. A face-to-face interview that covered PA, health and environmental correlates of PA was performed. Discriminant analysis was used to determine which barriers had the greatest impact on PA in these women. The results showed that approximately 26.3% of the study participants met PA recommendations. Multivariate linear regression revealed lower levels of PA were associated with women who had more than three children (β = -0.17) compared to women with no children, older age (β = -0.18), women with a duration of diabetes ≥ 6 years (β = -0.16), women who were obese (β = -0.23), women with no family support (β = -0.20), no friend support (β = -0.13) and no healthcare provider support (β = -0.14). Discriminant analysis indicated that culture and tradition, lack of skills and knowledge, safety, fatigue, lack of time, weather conditions, and lack of facilities were the barriers that differentiated between the women who met and those who did not meet the PA recommendations. The present study suggests that the prevalence of PA is low and number of children, age, duration of diabetes, Obesity, family support, friend support and healthcare provider support are identified correlates of PA. These findings are valuable and should be used to design and implement future PA interventions, especially for women with T2DM. Healthcare providers may improve exercise levels and identify the specific barriers to reaching the recommended level of PA to improve health outcomes for each patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Badreldin Abdelrhman Mohamed
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical
Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Salih Mahfouz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan
University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Farouk Badr
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical
Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan
University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Effects of lifestyle on physical health in Slovak university students. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/anre-2020-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity in childhood and young people represent a large global health problem. Therefore, the main aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of overweight/obesity by body mass index (BMI) and its associated lifestyle factors among university students in Slovakia. The BMI index was examined in relation to nine life factors for both sexes, respectively, in a sample of 200 (108 men and 92 women) young university students from Slovakia. The data were obtained using anthropometric measurements and by means of a questionnaire. The results for BMI values confirmed that both sexes were classified into the “about right” weight category. Analysis of the BMI values and questionnaire data showed different results for both sexes. While the type of daily activity and type of physical activity were associated with greater obesity for men, in women, tobacco intake was an important.
Collapse
|
19
|
Khan SR, Uddin R, Mandic S, Khan A. Parental and Peer Support are Associated with Physical Activity in Adolescents: Evidence from 74 Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124435. [PMID: 32575699 PMCID: PMC7344886 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Although parental and peer support can influence adolescents’ physical activity (PA), these associations have not been fully examined through a global assessment. This study examined the associations of parental and peer support with PA among adolescents from 74 countries. The Global School-based Student Health Survey data from 250,317 adolescents aged 11–17 years (48.8% girls), collected between 2007 and 2016, were analysed. Adolescents were asked how many days/week they were physically active and about their parental and peer support. Meta-analysis showed that adolescents who had high parental or peer support had higher odds of attaining sufficient PA (odds ratio (OR): 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34–1.46; OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.49–1.65, respectively). Pooled estimates of association were significant across all World Health Organization (WHO) regions and country-income categories with the highest estimate from the low-income countries. The Western Pacific region showed the highest association between parental support and adolescents’ PA (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.41–1.59), while South-East Asia exhibited the highest association between peer support and adolescents’ PA (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.59–2.04). Country-level estimates of associations are presented. Future studies should use robust assessment of PA and PA-specific parental and peer support with emphasis on qualitative investigation to understand the complexity of the relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanchita R. Khan
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove QLD 4059, Australia;
| | - Riaz Uddin
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia;
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Active Healthy Kids Bangladesh (AHKBD), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sandra Mandic
- Active Living Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
- Centre for Sustainability, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Asaduzzaman Khan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Active Healthy Kids Bangladesh (AHKBD), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-334-67456
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chaabane S, Chaabna K, Abraham A, Mamtani R, Cheema S. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the Middle East and North Africa: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9363. [PMID: 32518254 PMCID: PMC7283267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To support the global strategy to reduce risk factors for obesity, we synthesized the evidence on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Our systematic overview included seven systematic reviews reporting 229 primary studies. The meta-analysis included 125 prevalence measures from 20 MENA countries. After 2000, 50.8% of adults (ranging from 13.2% in Sudan to 94.9% in Jordan) and 25.6% of youth (ranging from 8.3% in Egypt to 51.0% in Lebanon) were sufficiently active. Limited data on PA behaviours is available for MENA countries, with the exception of Gulf Cooperation Council countries. The meta-regression identified gender and geographical coverage among youth, and the PA measurement as predictors of PA prevalence for both adults and youth. Our analysis suggests a significant PA prevalence increase among adults over the last two decades. The inconsistency in sedentary behaviour measurement is related to the absence of standardized guidelines for its quantification and interpretation. The global epidemic of insufficient PA is prevalent in MENA. Lower PA participation among youth and specifically females should be addressed by focused lifestyle interventions. The recognition of sedentary behaviour as a public health issue in the region remains unclear. Additional data on PA behaviours is needed from low- and middle-income countries in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Chaabane
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karima Chaabna
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Amit Abraham
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ravinder Mamtani
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sohaila Cheema
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Rapid economic growth in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states over the last half-century has been associated with a rise in obesity and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this review, we shed some light on the factors driving the obesity epidemic, promising interventions to overcome this public health crisis, and challenges precluding a successful public health impact.
Recent Findings
Overweight and obesity rates have nearly tripled in the GCC countries over the past four decades. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have been rising in parallel. Several sociodemographic, environmental, and behavioral factors have been correlated with sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy diet habits, and ultimately the rise in overweight and obesity rates. Numerous studies have documented factors unique to the population of the Arab Gulf states, but high-quality data is scarce. Despite the growing awareness of the extent of the problem, several barriers to weight loss and physical activity need to be addressed. A few interventions to combat obesity at different levels have been reported with some promising outcomes. Using the social-ecological model (SEM), we review recently published interventions and discuss some challenges to overcome in order to make progress in fighting the obesity epidemic in the GCC.
Summary
Obesity prevalence has been mounting worldwide, and the Arab Gulf states are no exception. This public health crisis is drawing the attention of policymakers and several stakeholders. However, a lot needs to be done to reduce the burden of obesity and improve cardiovascular risks in the Arab Gulf states.
Collapse
|
22
|
Alturkistani LH, Hendi OM, Bajaber AS, Alhamoud MA, Althobaiti SS, Alharthi TA, Atallah AA. Prevalence of Lower Back Pain and its Relation to Stress Among Medical Students in Taif University, Saudi Arabia. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:35. [PMID: 32363022 PMCID: PMC7187552 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_264_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lower back pain (LBP) refers to pain in the back between the last rib and the gluteal fold. Recent psychological research indicates a relevant connection between severe pain and emotional stress. The etiology of musculoskeletal pain shown to be influenced by low social support, high job demands, and low job control. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 640 medical students in Taif University was carried out from November 2018 to April 2019. A standardized Nordic questionnaire was employed to assess musculoskeletal pain and K10 was used to assess psychological stress. Results: Our study found 33.3% of medical students reported lower back pain, 20.7% reported lower back pain 0–7 days during the last 12 months, and 18.8% reported reduction of activity due to lower back pain during the last 12 months. The mean stress score was 22.7 ± 8.8; 20.7% of students with mild stress reported lower back pain. LBP showed non-significant association to stress categories (P = 0.409). Conclusions: Our survey found no significant association between LBP and psychological stress. The three main risk factors associated with lower back pain were being a 2nd year medical student, female gender, and high working hours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Obadah M Hendi
- Orthopedic Resident, Saudi Orthopedic Program, King Abdualaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameerah S Bajaber
- Medical Student, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa A Alhamoud
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shabab S Althobaiti
- Medical Student, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ayman A Atallah
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nasrallah C, Kimmel L, Khaled SM. Associations between weight loss difficulty, disordered eating behaviors and poor weight loss outcomes in Arab female university students. Eat Behav 2020; 36:101363. [PMID: 31972513 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the impact of eating behaviors on weight management efforts among college students in non-Western settings. This study aimed to explore the relationship between eating behaviors, weight loss outcomes, and perceived weight loss difficulties (PWLD) among young Arab women trying to lose weight. A cross-sectional probability sample was used to recruit female university students aged 18 years and older in the state of Qatar. Participants (N = 937) completed an online survey measuring their attitudes and behaviors towards healthy eating, body image, and weight loss. More than two third (67.2%) reported facing difficulties when trying to lose weight and around one-third (31.2%) screened positive for disordered eating. Chi-squared and logistic regression analyses showed a strong and independent association between unsuccessful weight loss including lack of weight loss or maintenance after weight loss attempts, and PWLD (OR 8.6, p = .002). In addition, eating meals a few hours before sleeping (OR 1.98; p = .02) and having disordered eating (OR 2.28; p = .02) were positively associated with PWLD. BMI, weight loss goal and skipping breakfast were not associated with PWLD after adjustment for all covariates. Future studies are needed to develop better tools to comprehensively assess PWLD and validate against short- and long-term measured weight loss outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Nasrallah
- Social and Economic Survey Research Institute, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Linda Kimmel
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Salma M Khaled
- Social and Economic Survey Research Institute, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Alkhateeb SA, Alkhameesi NF, Lamfon GN, Khawandanh SZ, Kurdi LK, Faran MY, Khoja AA, Bukhari LM, Aljahdali HR, Ashour NA, Bagasi HT, Delli RA, Khoja OA, Safdar OY. Pattern of physical exercise practice among university students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (before beginning and during college): a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1716. [PMID: 31864325 PMCID: PMC6925893 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-8093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transition to college is characterized by change, ambiguity, and adjustment compared to the previous lifestyle before entering college. Our study aimed was to determine the pattern of students’ physical exercise practices in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the period before and during college attendance. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among university students from fifteen universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on August 2017. The data were collected using an electronic questionnaire that was modified from questionnaires used in previous studies. Statistical analysis and data entry was performed with SPSS version 21. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at King Abdulaziz University. Results 417 college students completed the questionnaire and 77.2% were female. Slightly more than half of the participants (55.9%) were from King Abdulaziz University, and 59.7% were from healthcare specialties from different institutions. The mean age of the participants was 21.80 years old (SD = 2.75). The pattern of practicing physical exercise showed a significant decrease after enrollment in college (p = 0.000). The most common reason for not practicing exercise was time restrictions, accounting for 18.5% of all the reasons, while the most common reason for practicing exercise was to improve body shape, accounting for 48% of all the reasons. Conclusions Our research found that there was a significant decrease in doing regular exercise during one’s college years in comparison to the school years prior to college. To address the decrease in physical exercise, we recommend organizing and promoting more awareness campaigns and providing suitable sports facilities and infrastructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ahmed Alkhateeb
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Altahlia, PO Box14071, Jeddah, 21414, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najwa Fahad Alkhameesi
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Altahlia, PO Box14071, Jeddah, 21414, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer Nazeh Lamfon
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Altahlia, PO Box14071, Jeddah, 21414, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad Zuhair Khawandanh
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Altahlia, PO Box14071, Jeddah, 21414, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain Khalid Kurdi
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Altahlia, PO Box14071, Jeddah, 21414, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murooj Yaseen Faran
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Altahlia, PO Box14071, Jeddah, 21414, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alya Abdullah Khoja
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Altahlia, PO Box14071, Jeddah, 21414, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain Muhammed Bukhari
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Altahlia, PO Box14071, Jeddah, 21414, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel Rajeh Aljahdali
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Altahlia, PO Box14071, Jeddah, 21414, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuha Abdullah Ashour
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Altahlia, PO Box14071, Jeddah, 21414, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hessan Turki Bagasi
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Altahlia, PO Box14071, Jeddah, 21414, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghdah Adel Delli
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Altahlia, PO Box14071, Jeddah, 21414, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohood Abdullah Khoja
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Altahlia, PO Box14071, Jeddah, 21414, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Yousof Safdar
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Altahlia, PO Box14071, Jeddah, 21414, Saudi Arabia. .,Pediatric Nephrology Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Altahlia, PO Box14071, Jeddah, 21414, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Balhareth A, Meertens R, Kremers S, Sleddens E. Overweight and obesity among adults in the Gulf States: A systematic literature review of correlates of weight, weight-related behaviours, and interventions. Obes Rev 2019; 20:763-793. [PMID: 30653803 PMCID: PMC6850146 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has increased to an epidemic level in the Gulf States. This systematic review is the first to explore the scientific evidence on correlates and interventions for overweight (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25) or weight-related behaviours in the region. A systematic search of peer-reviewed articles was conducted using PubMed and PsycINFO. Ninety-one studies were eligible for this review including 84 correlate studies and seven intervention studies. Correlate studies of overweight focused on sociodemographic factors, physical activity, and dietary habits. Low physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and unhealthy dietary habits were associated with overweight. The most-reported sociodemographic correlates of overweight were increased age, being married, low education, urban residence, and unemployment. Correlate studies of physical activity and dietary behaviours mostly focused on sociodemographic variables. Being female and increased age (the latter less consistently) were associated with low physical activity. Interventions were very heterogeneous with respect to the target group, intensity, and behavioural strategies used. The effectiveness of interventions was difficult to evaluate because of the chosen study design or outcome measure, the small sample size, or high attrition rate. Few studies have investigated sociocognitive and environmental determinants of weight-related behaviours. Such information is crucial to developing health promotion initiatives that target those weight-related behaviours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Balhareth
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Public Health and Tropical MedicineJazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia
| | - Ree Meertens
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research InstituteMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Stef Kremers
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Ester Sleddens
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hendi OM, Abdulaziz AA, Althaqafi AM, Hindi AM, Khan SA, Atalla AA. Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and its Correlation to Physical Activity Among Health Specialty Students. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:48. [PMID: 31143422 PMCID: PMC6528423 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_436_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders is defined as a musculoskeletal strain reported by an individual. Physical activity prevents many disabling diseases and musculoskeletal disorders. Low level of physical activity is associated with a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. In Saudi Arabia and among medical students, lowest rates of physical activity were found. Our aim is to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and its correlation to physical activity. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 392 health specialty students in Taif University was carried out from January 1 to March 1, 2018, using a predesigned questionnaire, including demographic characteristics, an International Physical Activity Questionnaires–short form to assess the level of physical activity, and Standardized Nordic Questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Results: Our study found that 64.8% of the students had musculoskeletal disorders. The highest prevalence was among medical students; 48.4% of them were having musculoskeletal disorders (P < 0.05). The most frequent region was the lower back (33.4%). There is a significant association between the musculoskeletal disorders and the level of physical activity, with 42.9% of the students with a moderate level of physical activity having musculoskeletal disorders (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is higher among medical than pharmacy and health science students. Most of the affected students were having a moderate level of physical activity. Psychosocial stress seems to be a major contributor to musculoskeletal disorders, rather than physical activity level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Obadah M Hendi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Abdulaziz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M Althaqafi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albaraa M Hindi
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah A Khan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman A Atalla
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Alzamil HA, Alhakbany MA, Alfadda NA, Almusallam SM, Al-Hazzaa HM. A Profile of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors, Sleep, and Dietary Habits of Saudi College Female Students. J Family Community Med 2019; 26:1-8. [PMID: 30697098 PMCID: PMC6335843 DOI: 10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_58_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Few studies have reported valid comprehensive data on lifestyle habits of Saudi college females. In addition, studies on sedentary behaviors (SBs) and the duration of sleep of Saudi college students are rare. Saudi females appear to be less physically active and therefore, at a higher risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate lifestyle patterns of Saudi college females, including physical activity (PA), SBs, duration of sleep, and dietary habits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among females attending health science colleges of King Saud University, using multistage stratified cluster sample (n = 456). Weight, height, PA, SB, sleep, and dietary habits were all assessed using a previously validated questionnaire. RESULTS: Nearly half of the college females were physically inactive. Females exercised mostly at home or alone at no specific time of day. Their activity was for health reasons (43.4%) for weight loss (28.7%); lack of time (71.2%) was the primary reason for inactivity. The majority (>85%) of females spent more time in sedentary activity (>3 h/day) while 95% of females had insufficient sleep (<8 h/night). Over 40% of the participants consumed breakfast or vegetables 5 days or more per week, whereas the corresponding proportions for fruit and milk/dairy products intake were 19.4% and 58.4%, respectively. The proportions of college females who consumed less healthy foods for 3+ days/week were fairly variable, ranging from 21.1% for French fries to 60.4% for chocolates/candy. The predictors of total PA time were increased the duration of sleep and reduced intake of French fries/potato chips. CONCLUSIONS: Unhealthy lifestyle habit appears prevalent among Saudi college females. Efforts toward promoting PA, decreasing SB, and insufficient sleep and improving dietary habits in Saudi females are needed to reduce future risks of NCDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana A Alzamil
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manan A Alhakbany
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A Alfadda
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah M Almusallam
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa
- Lifestyle and Health Research, Health Science Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Alhakbany MA, Alzamil HA, Alabdullatif WA, Aldekhyyel SN, Alsuhaibani MN, Al-Hazzaa HM. Lifestyle Habits in Relation to Overweight and Obesity among Saudi Women Attending Health Science Colleges. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2018; 8:13-19. [PMID: 30859782 PMCID: PMC7325814 DOI: 10.2991/j.jegh.2018.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study examined the associations between lifestyle habits and overweight/obesity among Saudi females attending health science colleges. A total of 454 female students were randomly recruited from five health science colleges at King Saud University, using a multistage stratified cluster sampling technique. Body weight and height were measured, and body mass index was calculated. All participants answered a validated questionnaire to assess physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviors (SB), sleep duration, and dietary habits. Results showed that the prevalence of overweight (21.4%) plus obesity (8.1%) among female participants was 29.5%. There was no significant difference between overweight/obese and nonoverweight/nonobese females in PA, screen time, sleep duration, or dietary habits. Overall, 50.4% of the participants were physically inactive (activity energy expenditure was <600 metabolic equivalent minutes per week). Active females showed significantly (p < 0.01) higher intakes of vegetables and fruits, lower chocolate/candy consumption (p = 0.05), and higher proportion of sufficient sleeping duration (>8 hours per night) (p < 0.001). It was concluded that half of the Saudi females in this study were physically inactive. Although PA positively impacted some of the lifestyle habits of college females, overweight/obesity was not associated with PA, SB, sleeping time, or dietary habits among the participants. Future research should attempt to elucidate the key factors involved in such relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hana A. Alzamil
- Physiology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa
- Lifestyle and Health Research, Health Science Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11673, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Almutairi KM, Alonazi WB, Vinluan JM, Almigbal TH, Batais MA, Alodhayani AA, Alsadhan N, Tumala RB, Moussa M, Aboshaiqah AE, Alhoqail RI. Health promoting lifestyle of university students in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional assessment. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1093. [PMID: 30185167 PMCID: PMC6126031 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5999-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background College is a critical time where students are more prone to engage in risky health behaviors known to negatively affect well-being, such as physical inactivity, stress, and poor dietary habits. A health promoting lifestyle is an important determinant of health status and is recognized as a major factor for the maintenance and improvement of health. This study was designed to assess the health-promoting lifestyle of students in health colleges and non-health colleges in Saudi Arabia. Methods A total of 1656 students participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Data gathering was conducted from November 2016 to February 2017 at King Saud University. Participating students completed a self-reported questionnaire that included questions regarding their demographic characteristics and their health-promoting behaviors. Results The majority of participants were females (70.4%), 20% of the participants were overweight and 11.3%, were obese. The analysis showed that there was a significant difference between health colleges and non-health colleges with regards to the factor of health responsibility. Students at both schools were found to have an inadequate level of adherence to recommendations regarding physical activity and healthy eating habits. The analysis also found that majority of the students in both colleges do not attend educational programs on health care. The model shows that gender, type of college, year in school, and family structure were significant predictors of the health lifestyle of students in Saudi Arabia. Conclusion The results of the current study indicate that university students are leading unhealthy lives, where the majority of them have unhealthy eating habits and poor physical activity level. Universities are ideal settings for implementing health promotion programs. Therefore, planning and implementing programs to motivate students to be more responsible for their own health, to engage more in physical activity, and to practice healthy eating habits and other forms of wellness are of paramount importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Almutairi
- Department of Community Health Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wadi B Alonazi
- College of Business Administration King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jason M Vinluan
- Department of Community Health Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Turky H Almigbal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali Batais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Alodhayani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Alsadhan
- Department of Community Health Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Regie B Tumala
- College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahaman Moussa
- College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Physical inactivity, gender and culture in Arab countries: a systematic assessment of the literature. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:639. [PMID: 29776343 PMCID: PMC5960209 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical inactivity is associated with excess weight and adverse health outcomes. We synthesize the evidence on physical inactivity and its social determinants in Arab countries, with special attention to gender and cultural context. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Popline, and SSCI for articles published between 2000 and 2016, assessing the prevalence of physical inactivity and its social determinants. We also included national survey reports on physical activity, and searched for analyses of the social context of physical activity. Results We found 172 articles meeting inclusion criteria. Standardized data are available from surveys by the World Health Organization for almost all countries, but journal articles show great variability in definitions, measurements and methodology. Prevalence of inactivity among adults and children/adolescents is high across countries, and is higher among women. Some determinants of physical inactivity in the region (age, gender, low education) are shared with other regions, but specific aspects of the cultural context of the region seem particularly discouraging of physical activity. We draw on social science studies to gain insights into why this is so. Conclusions Physical inactivity among Arab adults and children/adolescents is high. Studies using harmonized approaches, rigorous analytic techniques and a deeper examination of context are needed to design appropriate interventions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5472-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
31
|
Al-Hazzaa HM. Physical inactivity in Saudi Arabia revisited: A systematic review of inactivity prevalence and perceived barriers to active living. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2018; 12:50-64. [PMID: 30534044 PMCID: PMC6257875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Saudi Arabia has recently witnessed enormous economic growth accompanied by undesirable lifestyle behaviors, along with an associated increase in non-communicable diseases (NCD's). This systematic review presents a comprehensive and an updated overview of the status of physical activity (PA) or inactivity among the Saudi population and examines the major barriers and correlates of PA. METHODS A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases. The electronic search yielded an initial 434 articles. However, the majority of these articles were eliminated because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The remaining relevant papers were 65 articles that became the bases for this review. RESULTS The majority of Saudi children, youth and adults were not active enough to meet the recommended guidelines for moderate to vigorous PA. Saudi females were disproportionately less active than males, beginning from early school years. The proportions of Saudis who are at risk of inactivity are exceedingly higher than those at risk for other coronary heart diseases. Active Saudi boys tend to have favorable levels of blood lipids and body composition profile compared to inactive boys. Increased urbanization, crowded traffic, extreme weather, cultural barriers, lack of social support, the absence of female school PA program and lack of time and resources, all make PA a difficult choice for the Saudis. CONCLUSION More intensified efforts toward promoting PA and reducing sedentary behaviors among the Saudi population are needed to curtail the risks of NCD's.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa
- Lifestyle and Health Research, Health Science Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa, Lifestyle and Health Research, Health Science Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
The Measurement of Language Ability and Impairment in Arabic-Speaking Children. SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING AND TEACHING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-62884-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
33
|
Essiet IA, Baharom A, Shahar HK, Uzochukwu B. Application of the Socio-Ecological Model to predict physical activity behaviour among Nigerian University students. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 26:110. [PMID: 28533833 PMCID: PMC5429408 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.26.110.10409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity among university students is a catalyst for habitual physical activity in adulthood. Physical activity has many health benefits besides the improvement in academic performance. The present study assessed the predictors of physical activity among Nigerian university students using the Social Ecological Model (SEM). METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited first-year undergraduate students in the University of Uyo, Nigeria by multistage sampling. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short-version was used to assess physical activity in the study. Factors were categorised according to the Socio-Ecological Model which consisted of individual, social environment, physical environment and policy level. Data was analysed using the IBM SPSS statistical software, version 22. Simple and multiple logistic regression were used to determine the predictors of sufficient physical activity. RESULTS A total of 342 respondents completed the study questionnaire. Majority of the respondents (93.6%) reported sufficient physical activity at 7-day recall. Multivariate analysis revealed that respondents belonging to the Ibibio ethnic group were about four times more likely to be sufficiently active compared to those who belonged to the other ethnic groups (AOR = 3.725, 95% CI = 1.383 to 10.032). Also, participants who had a normal weight were about four times more likely to be physically active compared to those who were underweight (AOR = 4.268, 95% CI = 1.323 to 13.772). CONCLUSION This study concluded that there was sufficient physical activity levels among respondents. It is suggested that emphasis be given to implementing interventions aimed at sustaining sufficient levels of physical activity among students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inimfon Aniema Essiet
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anisah Baharom
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hayati Kadir Shahar
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Benjamin Uzochukwu
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Women in Saudi Arabia and the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 2016:7479357. [PMID: 27777590 PMCID: PMC5061969 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7479357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death in Saudi Arabia. Saudi women in particular are more susceptible as there are sociocultural restrictions on female physical activities that may lead to high prevalence of CVD risks, especially obesity, and physical inactivity. This study aims to systematically review the published articles related to the prevalence of CVD risk among women in Saudi Arabia. The search strategy covers all published articles that assess the risk factor of CVD in Saudi Arabia from January 2000 to December 2015, using the following sources: Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO. A total of 61 studies were included. Results. Prevalence among Saudi women of smoking ranged from 1.1% to 9.1%, hypertension was 21.8%, diabetes ranged from 9.6% to 27.6%, overweight was 27%, and obesity was 40.23%, and physical inactivity ranged from 53.2% to 98.1%. Hypercholesterolemia prevalence on Saudi women on average was 24.5%, while metabolic syndrome ranged from 13.6% to 40.3%. Conclusion. The prevalence of CVD risk factors is high among women in Saudi Arabia especially in obesity and physical inactivity. Public health authorities must implement solutions from a gender specific aspect to reverse the trend and decrease the prevalence of CVDs among Saudi women.
Collapse
|
35
|
Wattanapisit A, Fungthongcharoen K, Saengow U, Vijitpongjinda S. Physical activity among medical students in Southern Thailand: a mixed methods study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e013479. [PMID: 27678548 PMCID: PMC5051498 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of physical activity (PA) and factors influencing PA behaviours among medical students in Southern Thailand. DESIGN The study implemented a mixed methods approach. The sequential design consisted of 2 phases: a survey followed by in-depth interviews. SETTING The study was conducted in the 3 campuses of a medical school in Southern Thailand. The preclinical students (years 1-3) studied general and basic science subjects at Nakhon Si Thammarat campus. The clinical students (years 4-6) received clinical training and hospital attachments at Trang or Phuket campuses. Total number of students was 285, with 46-48 students in each class. The study was conducted from September 2015 to February 2016. PARTICIPANTS Participants were medical students, 18 years old and above, from 3 campuses without disabilities or medical conditions which limited their ability to perform PA. OUTCOME MEASURES The prevalence of the recommended levels of PA was measured using Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). The association between the demographic data and the recommended PA levels were analysed by univariate and multivariate analysis. In-depth interviews and thematic analysis were completed to explore PA behaviours. RESULTS A total of 279 (response rate 97.9%) medical students participated in the study. Approximately half (49.5%) of the participants were physically active. The median total energy use was 540 metabolic equivalent-min/week (range 0-5640). Male and preclinical students were more likely to be physically active (p<0.05). Twenty-four in-depth interviews were conducted. Supportive factors included social support from friends and families. Study-related activities and overtime shift work were barriers. CONCLUSIONS More than half of the medical students have insufficient PA because of study-related activities and overtime shift work. Future studies should focus on finding ways to improve PA in clinical and female students in Thailand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Udomsak Saengow
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mabry R, Koohsari MJ, Bull F, Owen N. A systematic review of physical activity and sedentary behaviour research in the oil-producing countries of the Arabian Peninsula. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1003. [PMID: 27655373 PMCID: PMC5031342 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dramatic rise in Noncommunicable Diseases (NCD) in the oil-producing countries of the Arabian Peninsula is driven in part by insufficient physical activity, one of the five main contributors to health risk in the region. The aim of this paper is to review the available evidence on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for this region. Based on the findings, we prioritize an agenda for research that could inform policy initiatives with regional relevance. METHODS We reviewed regional evidence on physical activity and sedentary behaviour to identify the needs for prevention and policy-related research. A literature search of peer-reviewed publications in the English language was conducted in May 2016 using PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar. 100 studies were identified and classified using the Behavioural Epidemiology Framework. RESULTS Review findings demonstrate that research relevant to NCD prevention is underdeveloped in the region. A majority of the studies were epidemiological in approach with few being large-scale population-based studies using standardised measures. Correlates demonstrated expected associations with health outcomes, low levels of physical activity (particularly among young people), high levels of sedentary behaviour (particularly among men and young people) and expected associations of known correlates (e.g. gender, age, education, time, self-motivation, social support, and access). Very few studies offered recommendations for translating research findings into practice. CONCLUSIONS Further research on the determinants of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the Arabian Peninsula using standard assessment tools is urgently needed. Priority research includes examining these behaviours across the four domains (household, work, transport and leisure). Intervention research focusing on the sectors of education, health and sports sectors is recommended. Furthermore, adapting and testing international examples to the local context would help identify culturally relevant policy and programmatic interventions for the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Mabry
- Office of the World Health Organization Representative, PO Box 476, Al Atheiba, Postal Code 130 Oman
| | - Mohammad Javad Koohsari
- Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fiona Bull
- Centre for Built Environment and Health, School of Population Health, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker IDI & Heart Diabetes Institute, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Albawardi NM, Jradi H, Al-Hazzaa HM. Levels and correlates of physical activity, inactivity and body mass index among Saudi women working in office jobs in Riyadh city. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2016; 16:33. [PMID: 27323844 PMCID: PMC4915164 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-016-0312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Physical inactivity is among the leading risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Saudi Arabia has just begun to address physical inactivity as recent studies have shown an alarming prevalence of insufficiently physically active adults. Saudi women are identified as among the most overweight/obese and least active worldwide. With an increase in the number of women in office based jobs, the risk of physical inactivity is likely to increase. Identifying the level and correlates for high BMI and physical inactivity in Saudi women will help to plan more effective public health strategies. The aim of this study is to assess the level of physical activity, inactivity and body mass index among Saudi women working in office based jobs in Riyadh city and identify the correlates for overweight, obesity and low physical activity. Methods A cross- sectional study was conducted on 420 Saudi women aged 18 to 58 years working in office based jobs in eight worksites in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Body mass index was determined using weight and height measurements and physical activity was assessed based on a validated self-administered questionnaire. Results The majority of the subjects were overweight or obese (58.3 %). Overweight/obesity was associated with increased age, lower income and with those working in the public versus private sector. More than half of the sample (52.1 %) were insufficiently physically active. Participants working seven or more hours per day and those working in private versus public sector were significantly associated with low physical activity. Conclusion This study identified Saudi women working in office based jobs as a high risk group for overweight, obesity and physical inactivity. As sedentary jobs may compound the risk for obesity and physical inactivity, this may support the use of workplace health programs to reduce sitting time and promote physical activity as a viable public health initiative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada M Albawardi
- Prince Sultan Center for Special Education Support Services, Po Box 75246, Riyadh, 11578, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hoda Jradi
- Community and Environmental Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa
- Emeritus Professor and Former Director of Pediatric Exercise Physiology Research Laboratory, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Al Reshidi FS. Level of Physical Activity of Physicians Among Residency Training Program At Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, KSA 2014. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2016; 10:39-47. [PMID: 27004056 DOI: 10.12816/0031215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical exercise is a crucial component in maintaining a healthy life. Unfortunately, the prevalence of adequate physical activity among young physicians is low. Additionally, there was a few research estimating lifestyle habits and other preventive health measurements especially during their residency-training program despite the importance of this topic. OBJECTIVES The aim of this research is to determine the level of physical activity and the main barriers of being physically active among physicians at Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC). METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study was adopted targeting the physicians of residency training program in different specialties at PSMMC, Riyadh, KSA. Data was collected using of short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). RESULTS The study showed that 68.4% of the participants had low level of physical activity (≤600-MET min/week). High physical activity level was more reported among male physicians compared to female physicians (4.3% versus 1.3%). The most frequent barriers of practicing physical activities among males were limited exercise facilities at home (71.7%), not suitable weather (69%) and the first priority is not for exercise (67.2%) whereas among females were no enough time to exercise (69.3%), lack of suitable places to exercise nearby (68%), the first priority is not for exercise (66.7%). CONCLUSION Most of the physicians especially female residents reported low level of physical exercise due to many barriers. Overcoming these barriers may contribute to a further increase in the level of physical activity among them.
Collapse
|
39
|
Kalaf H, AlMesned A, Soomro T, Lasheen W, Ewid M, Al-Mohaimeed AA. Cardiovascular disease risk profile among young Saudi women of Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2016; 10:29-37. [PMID: 27004055 DOI: 10.12816/0031214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the level of risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among young Saudi women living in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia. METHODS As part of "The Heart Protection Campaign" in the Al-Qassim region, data were collected from Saudi women using questionnaires as well as objective measurement of height, weight, blood pressure, and blood glucose. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Only 15% of the sample were free of risk factors, the majority had either one (57.5%) or two (20.8%) risk factors. Additionally, 6.7% were considered to be at high-risk with three or more risk factors. The most common risk factors were physical inactivity (74%) and overweight/obesity, (25%/29%). There was a significant increase in the number of risk factors across age groups. Women over the age of 30 were more likely to have a higher number of risk factors than the younger women (20-24 years). CONCLUSIONS Young women in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia have an unusually high risk for CVD. Since the number of risk factors increases substantially between the ages of 20 and 35, there is a need to develop prevention programs to lower the CVD risk through diet and exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Kalaf
- Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Buraidah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tark Soomro
- Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Buraidah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Lasheen
- Sulaiman Al Rajhi Colleges (Faculty of Medicine), Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ewid
- Sulaiman Al Rajhi Colleges (Faculty of Medicine), Saudi Arabia; Kasr Alani School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman A Al-Mohaimeed
- Sulaiman Al Rajhi Colleges (Faculty of Medicine), Saudi Arabia; Qassim University College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Al-Drees A, Abdulghani H, Irshad M, Baqays AA, Al-Zhrani AA, Alshammari SA, Alturki NI. Physical activity and academic achievement among the medical students: A cross-sectional study. MEDICAL TEACHER 2016; 38 Suppl 1:S66-72. [PMID: 26984037 DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2016.1142516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To explore physical activity (PA) habits among the medical students and examine the correlation with their grade point average (GPA) achievement at College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among the medical students (n = 409), during the academic year 2012-2013. Students' physical activity habits were self-reported. GPA, body mass index (BMI) and body fat percent (BF%) were collected and analyzed with SPSS software. RESULTS Out of 409 students, 193 (47.2%) students reported being physically active. Our result showed a significant positive association between students' PA habits and high-GPA achievement (χ(2 )= 10.65, p = 0.001). The greatest odds ratio of high GPA was found among the fourth year students (OR = 3.08, CI: 1.15-8.28, p = 0.025) and fifth year students (OR = 5.07, CI: 1.48-17.31, p = 0.010). In addition, significant association was found between the normal BMI and high-GPA achievers (χ(2 )= 8.30; p = 0.016). However, no statistically, significant association was found between BF% and GPA. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed a positive associations was found between PA habits and high academic achievement. In addition, positive association was found between PA, obese students and GPA achievement. Therefore, there is a need for the establishment of physical activity education and public health programs to promote importance of PA in Saudi population.
Collapse
|
41
|
Majeed F. Association of BMI with diet and physical activity of female medical students at the University of Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
42
|
The prevalence of physical activity and its socioeconomic correlates in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional population-based national survey. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
43
|
Samara A, Nistrup A, Al-Rammah TY, Aro AR. Lack of facilities rather than sociocultural factors as the primary barrier to physical activity among female Saudi university students. Int J Womens Health 2015; 7:279-86. [PMID: 25834468 PMCID: PMC4358666 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s80680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is experiencing a dramatic increase in physical inactivity, with women having higher levels of inactivity than men among all age groups. It is assumed that factors such as dress codes, restrictions on going outdoors, and conservative norms are the main reasons for women’s low physical activity. Our aim was to explore the different parameters related to physical activity, including self-efficacy, as well as the perceived barriers to and benefits of physical activity in young Saudi females. Patients and methods Ninety-four first-year female Saudi university students in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, participated in the present study in 2014. The students were from eight bachelor’s programs in health and well-being, and each completed a questionnaire with questions divided into five parts as follows: 1) socioeconomic status, 2) physical activity, 3) self-efficacy 4) social factors, and 5) barriers and facilitators related to physical activity. Results The students exercised at home and alone, and there was low self-efficacy for physical activity (mean score =42±14). Among social factors, attending university was the only factor that hindered physical activity (32%). Physical activity was positively perceived overall (mean score =131±10). Students showed awareness of the benefits of physical activity for health and well-being. The most important barrier was the lack of designated areas available for physical activity. Students disagreed that family or the Islamic community were barriers to physical activity. Conclusion The lack of facilities and lack of encouragement from the university, but not a lack of knowledge (a high level of knowledge is to be expected given their health and well-being studies backgrounds) and/or restrictions from families and society, seem to hinder female students’ physical activity, at least young Saudi students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Samara
- Unit for Health Promotion and Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Anne Nistrup
- Unit for Health Promotion and Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Tamader Y Al-Rammah
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Health Sciences, Princess Nora Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arja R Aro
- Unit for Health Promotion and Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Alquaiz AM, Kazi A, Qureshi R, Siddiqui AR, Jamal A, Shaik SA. Correlates of cardiovascular disease risk scores in women in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Women Health 2015; 55:103-17. [PMID: 25569108 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2014.972020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Saudi Arabia has a high prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity. We measured cardiovascular (CVD) risk scores and determined the factors associated with them in women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted on 291 women aged ≥ 30 years. Information was collected on socio-demographics and physical health status. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken. Physical activity was measured using Kaiser's Physical Activity Survey and Godin's Leisure Time Exercise questionnaire. CVD risk scores were calculated using the non-laboratory-based Framingham Risk (FRS) prediction model for primary care. FRS scores ranged from 0.50 to 21.9. A total of 2.7% (n = 8) of women had a high FRS score (>20), 5.5% (n = 16) had intermediate scores (11-20), and 91.8% (n = 267) of women had low scores (<10) CVD risk scores. Multiple linear regression results indicated that a one-unit change in physical activity (household/caregiver index), strenuous exercise, waist circumference, number of children, television watching, and knee pain were significantly associated with -0.20 (p < .01), -0.12 (p = .03), 0.19 (p = .001), 0.29 (p < .01), 0.13 (p = .04), and 0.11 (p = .05) unit change in CVD risk scores, respectively. Household activities and strenuous exercise had a protective role in females in relation to CVD risk. Programs recommending physical activity at all levels should be encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- AlJohara M Alquaiz
- a Princess Nora Bent Abdullah Research Chair for Women's Health , Deanship of Research Chairs, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Influence of adiposity-related genetic markers in a population of saudi arabians where other variables influencing obesity may be reduced. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:758232. [PMID: 25484485 PMCID: PMC4251424 DOI: 10.1155/2014/758232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Large scale studies in Europeans have clearly identified common polymorphism affecting BMI and obesity. We undertook a genotype study to examine the impact of variants, known to influence obesity, in a sample from the Saudi Arabian population, notable for its profound combination of low mean physical activity indices and high energy intake. Anthropometry measures and genotypes were obtained for 367 Saudis, taken from King Saud University and Biomarker Screening Project in Riyadh (Riyadh Cohort). We observed large effect sizes with obesity for rs10767664 (BDNF) (OR = 1.923, P = 0.00072) and rs3751812 (FTO) (OR = 1.523, P = 0.016) in our sample and, using weighted genetic risk scores, we found strong evidence of a cumulative effect using 11 SNPs taken predominantly from loci principally affecting appetite (OR = 2.57, P = 0.00092). We used conditional analyses to discern which of our three highly correlated FTO SNPs were responsible for the observed signal, although we were unable to determine with confidence which best marked the causal site. Our analysis indicates that markers located in loci known to influence fat mass through increased appetite affect obesity in Saudi Arabians to an extent possibly greater than in Europeans. Larger scale studies will be necessary to obtain a precise comparison.
Collapse
|
46
|
El Ansari W, Khalil K, Crone D, Stock C. Physical activity and gender differences: correlates of compliance with recommended levels of five forms of physical activity among students at nine universities in Libya. Cent Eur J Public Health 2014; 22:98-105. [PMID: 25230538 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This cross-sectional survey assessed and compared by gender the levels and correlates of achieving the international guidelines recommendations on five forms of physical activity (PA) (walking, moderate PA, vigorous PA, moderate or vigorous PA- MVPA, and muscle-strengthening PA). We examined the associations between achieving the international guidelines recommendations on five forms of PA and a variety of sociodemographic, health and academic performance variables. METHODS Data was collected across nine Libyan universities (2008-2009, representative sample of 1,300 undergraduates). A self-administered questionnaire assessed frequency and duration of PA/week for each form of PA. Cut-offs for recommended guidelines were set according to the American Heart Association. RESULTS About 43.7% of students achieved the guidelines for muscle strengthening PA, 20.7% for walking, 11.2% for vigorous PA, 28.5% for MVPA, and 4.8% for moderate PA (excluding walking). Binary logistic regression showed that except for walking, males were consistently associated with achieving the guidelines recommendations for all other forms of PA. Students with higher health awareness were more likely to achieve the guidelines for vigorous PA and muscle strengthening PA. Better academic performance was associated with higher levels of muscle strengthening PA. Students at institutions in the East of Libya were less likely to achieve the guidelines for walking, vigorous PA or muscle strengthening PA as compared to students from the North. Students from the West of Libya were also less likely to walk or to engage in moderate PA than their peers from the North. CONCLUSIONS Overall, relatively low proportions of students achieved the recommended guidelines of PA. Female students were particularly at risk for low level of PA. Attention is required to national policies that promote active living, along with addressing the cultural, geographic and other barriers to engagement of young adult males and females in PA.
Collapse
|
47
|
Prevalence and association of female weight status and dietary habits with sociodemographic factors: a cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia. Public Health Nutr 2014; 18:784-96. [PMID: 25188828 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980014001797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research about the prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity in the Saudi Arabian female population is limited. The aim of the present study was to examine the dietary habits and the prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity and associated factors among female university students. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING A university centre for female students in south-western Saudi Arabia. SUBJECTS The study involved 663 randomly selected female university students who self-reported their physical activities, nutritional habits and socio-economic factors. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with the students' BMI, dietary variables, underweight and overweight/obesity. RESULTS The majority of the university females were normal weight (56.9%), but a high prevalence of underweight (19.2%) and overweight/obesity (23.8%) occurred. Social factors significantly associated with BMI were the presence of obese parents and siblings as well as physical activity levels, marital status, number of sisters, father's level of education and more frequent intake of French fries/potato chips (>3 times/week). Several variables were found to correlate with dietary habits, underweight and overweight/obesity. Of special interest is the association between the number of siblings and the participants' BMI and dietary intake in both negative and positive ways. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this research have implications for health promotion and prevention of malnutrition among college-aged females. Health-care providers and policy makers need to involve the whole family when promoting females' physical activity. The study serves as an evidence-based background for planning and implementation of interventions targeting improvement of highly educated populations' nutritional habits.
Collapse
|
48
|
Al-Eisa E, Buragadda S, Melam GR. Association between physical activity and psychological status among Saudi female students. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:238. [PMID: 25141878 PMCID: PMC4148004 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-014-0238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is common among Saudi females. Many variables are associated with different levels of mental health, including physical activity. This study was designed to determine the correlation between 3 weeks of improved physical activity and psychological factors such as insomnia, depression and attention span. METHODS Seventy-six female students, of mean age 20.9 ± 1.4 years, were analyzed. Insomnia, depression and attention were subjectively assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Attention Span Test (AST), respectively. Each subject was given a pedometers and advised to walk at least 6000 steps per day for 3 weeks. Psychological status was assessed before and after the 3 weeks and compared using paired sample t-tests. Pearson correlation was used to determine the association between physical health and psychological factors. RESULTS Improvements in scores on the ISI (from 7.22 ± 3.06 to 4.09 ± 2.80), BDI (from 8.88 ± 3.13 to 3.98 ± 2.74) and AST (from 63.86 ± 3.06 to 77.27 ± 11.33) were observed after 3 weeks. Physical activity was negatively correlated with ISI (r = -0.74) and BDI (r = -0. 78) and positively correlated with AST (r = 0.69). CONCLUSION Improved physical activity can be useful in managing insomnia, depression and attention. In female Saudi students, higher levels of physical activity were associated with improved mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Einas Al-Eisa
- Female Centre for Science and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syamala Buragadda
- Rehabilitation Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ganeswara Rao Melam
- Rehabilitation Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|