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Iqbal S, Abid J, Akram S, Shah HBU, Farooq U, Ahmad AMR. Zinc status or supplementation and its relation to soil-transmitted helminthiasis in children: A systematic review. Parasite Immunol 2024; 46:e13015. [PMID: 37846743 DOI: 10.1111/pim.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) parasitic infection is known as one of the most common infections around the world affecting more than a quarter of the world's population. The relationship between STH infections and micronutrient deficiencies are closely related and often coexist among the affected population. The study, therefore, aimed to summarise the available literature focusing on the effect of zinc status/deficiency or supplementation on STH infection or reinfection in children. For this purpose, we adopted a systematic approach and searched the existing literature on PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. A search term was entered to retrieve the available data. A total of 12 articles were included in this review after applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Most of the included studies reported a lower zinc status in children affected with any parasitic infection. Regarding the effect of zinc status and supplementation on parasitic infection in children, we found only a few studies (n = 4) with inconsistent result findings. This review reported that children infected with STH have lower zinc levels; however, a limited number of studies showed the effect of zinc supplements on the risk of STH warrants the need for further studies in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehar Iqbal
- College of Pharmacy, Al-Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Juweria Abid
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sajeela Akram
- Department of Human Nutrition & Dietetics, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, Pakistan
| | | | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Momin Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Abdulrashid OA, Shah HBU, Baeshen WA, Aljuaid SM, Alasmari EA, Baokbah RA, Baokbah RA, Alamoudi NM, Alkhelewi MS, Turkistani AA, Alharbi AA, Alghamdi AA, Alharthi F, Alcattan M, Haikal AM. Physical activity and health-related quality of life among adults living in Jeddah city Saudi Arabia. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16059. [PMID: 37719115 PMCID: PMC10501367 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity can improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults. However, the effect of physical activity on quality of life is unclear among the Saudi adult population. The study aimed to determine the association between physical activity and HRQoL in apparently healthy adults in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among visitors of shopping malls, walking tracks/fitness centres/gyms and governmental hospitals in Jeddah from March to September 2022. Physical activity was measured with the electronic template of the general practice physical activity questionnaire (GPPAQ), while the HRQoL was measured using the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) questionnaire. A multiple linear regression model investigated the relationship between physical activity and HRQoL. Results A total of 693 individuals participated in this study, with a mean age of 36 (±11). Individuals who fall in the active category of the physical activity level were mostly younger men (37% vs 21%), were non-smokers (30% vs 10%) and had no comorbid condition (29% vs 15%). After adjusting for covariates, men (adjusted β 4.43, 95% CI [1.44-7.41]) with higher physical activity levels (active-adjusted β 10.11, 95% CI [5.44-14.77]) had better scores on the physical component summary (PCS). Similarly, mental component summary (MCS) scores for men (adjusted β 6.51, 95% CI [3.40-9.63]) and physical activity levels (active-adjusted β 9.77, 95% CI [4.90-14.64]) were high. Conclusion The article reinforces how physical activity contributes towards each dimension of HRQoL. Physical inactivity is a growing public health challenge in Saudi Arabia, affecting all age groups. Investing in innovative strategies and establishing targeted health education programs for academic institutions and communities are required to enhance healthy habits. Additionally, constructing more local sports facilities and concession packages, especially for the females at the gyms, can motivate individuals and promote physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Akram Abdulrashid
- Directorate of Health Affairs, Planning and Transformation Office, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Bin Usman Shah
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Sarah Mohammad Aljuaid
- Directorate of Health Affairs-Jeddah Research and Studies Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas Awad Alasmari
- Directorate of Health Affairs-Jeddah Research and Studies Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Ali Baokbah
- Directorate of Health Affairs-Jeddah Research and Studies Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema Ali Baokbah
- Directorate of Health Affairs-Jeddah Research and Studies Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Maha Saleh Alkhelewi
- Directorate of Health Affairs, Planning and Transformation Office, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Fawaz Alharthi
- Directorate of Health Affairs, Planning and Transformation Office, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alcattan
- Directorate of Health Affairs, Planning and Transformation Office, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Ahmad AMR, Intikhab A, Zafar S, Farooq U, Shah HBU, Akram S, Abid J, Parveen Z, Iqbal S. Spirulina, an FDA-Approved Functional Food: Worth the Hype? Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2023; 69:137-144. [PMID: 37213142 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2022.69.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Spirulina, a blue-green microalga is an eminent functional food due to its unique nutritional and disease-mitigating properties. The main objective of this article is to present an overview of the nutritional composition of Spirulina. Along with its therapeutic potential and applications in the food industry. Studies included in this review have suggested spirulina to be a rich source of complete proteins, essential fatty acids (EFAs), vitamins, minerals and various bioactive compounds like carotenoids, chlorophyll, and xanthophylls. This makes Spirulina a promising functional food for the treatment of ailments like diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disorders (CVDs), COVID-19, neuroinflammatory conditions and gut dysbiosis. Additionally, data from numerous studies suggest its use in food formulations, primarily in sports supplements, bakery products, beverages, dairy products, snack sources and confectionaries. It has also been used by the National Aeronautics and Space Association (NASA) for astronauts on space missions to the Moon and Mars. Furthermore, spirulina's use as a natural food additive possesses enormous potential for further research. Owing to its high nutritional profile and disease-fighting potential, it lends itself to numerous food formulations. Therefore, based on the findings of previous studies, further progress can be made considering spirulina's application in the food additive industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Momin Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | | | - Saira Zafar
- Department of Public Health, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | | | | | - Sajeela Akram
- Department of Human Nutrition & Dietetics, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, Pakistan.
| | - Juweria Abid
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Zehra Parveen
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Sehar Iqbal
- College of Pharmacy, Al-Ain University, Abu Dhabi Campus, United Arab Emirates.
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Iqbal S, Ahmed W, Zafar S, Farooq U, Abid J, Shah HBU, Akram S, Ghazanfar M, Ahmad AMR. Effect of inulin, galacto oligosaccharides and iron fortification on iron deficiency anemia among women of reproductive age; a randomized controlled trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1028956. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1028956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron supplementation and fortification are the well-known approaches to treat iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in women of reproductive age. The objective of the current randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to evaluate the cumulative effects of prebiotics and iron fortification among women of reproductive age. For this purpose, a total of 75 iron deficient women of childbearing age were recruited and randomly divided into 5 groups (4 treatment groups and 1 control group). Four different types of fortified wheat flour were prepared using two iron fortificants (NaFeEDTA and FeSO4) and two prebiotics [inulin and galacto oligosaccharides (GOS)], while control group was treated with iron fortified flour without any prebiotics. Blood samples were collected from overnight fasted women on monthly basis up to 90 days. Hematological indices such as Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit, Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), as well as iron biomarkers including serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, and Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) were evaluated for analyses. The results showed a considerable positive improvement in all iron biomarkers as well as hematological indices among the treatment groups (P-value < 0.05), as compared to the control group. A maximum Hb (11.86 ± 0.24 mg/dL) and hematocrit value (35.06 ± 1.32%), was reported in group G3 which was treated with fortified wheat flour at a dose of 963 mg/kg GOS + 15 ppm FeSO4. On the other hand, highest mean values for RBC Count (4.73 ± 0.41 mil/mm3), MCV (81.41 ± 3.21 fL), serum iron (75.62 ± 2.79 μg/dL), serum transferrin (16.82 ± 0.30 mg/dL), and TIBC (403.68 ± 7.27 μg/dL) were observed in G4 group receiving the fortified wheat flour at a dose of 963 mg/kg GOS + 30 ppm FeSO4 level. The study concluded that prebiotic fortification along with iron salts helps to enhance iron absorption among iron deficiency anemic women of reproductive age.
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Alsayali MM, Al-Sahafi A, Mandoura N, Usman Shah HB, Abdul Rashid OA, AlSharif K, Abo Zayed AH, Ibrahim A, Al-Zahrani A, Al-Garni F, Alali MM, Al-Garni A, Assiri M, Mohammad AI. Patients' Satisfaction after Primary Health Care Centers' Integration with Ministry of Health Hospitals, Jeddah. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2020; 9:135-142. [PMID: 31241872 PMCID: PMC7310745 DOI: 10.2991/jegh.k.190522.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In today’s competitive and media-influenced health care environment, resource utilization is driven by patient outcome. A key criterion to evaluate the quality of health care services is to assess patients’ satisfaction. The objectives of this study were to compare patients’ satisfaction in the first and last quarters after Primary Health Care Centers’ (PHCCs) integration with Ministry of Health (MOH) hospitals in Jeddah, and to identify the factors contributing toward patient’s satisfaction in first and last quarters. This cross-sectional study was conducted among patients visiting PHCCs in the first and last quarters. Randomly selected participants were interviewed using a validated closed-ended questionnaire, part of which also included modified Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ18) with its subscales and standard cutoffs. Chi-squared test and multinomial logistic regression analysis were run to find the factors associated with satisfaction. The overall satisfaction in our study participants was 66.3% in the first quarter as compared with 83% in the last quarter. The mean scores of most PSQ18 subscales in the first and last quarters after the integration showed significant difference. Multinomial logistic regression analysis of the first quarter after integration showed three to fourfold increase in satisfaction of individuals who perceive an improvement in registration counters’ load, cleanliness of centers, satisfaction with the staff’s behavior, and ease in referral as compared with non-satisfaction [OR 3.60 (p = 0.018); OR 4.33 (p = 0.001); OR 2.47 (p = 0.055); and OR 4.45 (p = 0.005), respectively]. However, in the last quarter those satisfied with the staff’s behavior (OR 2.48, p = 0.038), and dental facilities (OR 2.74, p = 0.043) had an odds ratio of ≥2. PHCCs integration with the hospitals is an effective strategy, which not only has improved functionality but has a significant effect on patient’s satisfaction. Treating patients served by PHCCs integrated with hospitals is thus recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah Al-Sahafi
- Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Najlaa Mandoura
- Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Hassan Bin Usman Shah
- Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Ola Akram Abdul Rashid
- Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Khalid AlSharif
- Directorate of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Amany Hamed Abo Zayed
- Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Adel Ibrahim
- Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Abdullah Al-Zahrani
- Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Fatima Al-Garni
- Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Mahmoud Madani Alali
- Directorate of Health Affairs for Medical Services, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, KSA
| | | | - Mohammed Assiri
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, KSA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Primary care physicians have an opportunity to support healthy dietary behaviours of patients by providing nutrition care. However, it is unclear whether primary care physicians in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are sufficiently competent in nutrition. This study aimed to assess the nutrition competence of primary care physicians in KSA and identify whether nutrition competence is associated with the provision of nutrition care to patients living with diet-related chronic disease. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Chronic disease clinics across 48 primary care centres under the Ministry of Health in the city of Jeddah, KSA. PARTICIPANTS 90 primary care physicians completed the survey (response rate: 98%). General practitioners and family medicine residents, specialists, and consultants actively working in chronic disease clinics between February and May 2019 were included. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome measure was nutrition competence of primary care physicians measured via the validated NUTCOMP (nutrition competence) questionnaire. RESULTS Primary care physicians perceived themselves as competent in nutrition care but their reported provision of nutrition care was limited. Confidence in their nutrition knowledge and skills elicited the lowest mean scores of 25.8 (±5.4) out of 35 and 29 (±5.2) out of 40, respectively. The reported provision of nutrition care was closely correlated with physicians' confidence in their nutrition knowledge (r=0.57) and communication (r=0.52). Three factors were identified as predicting whether physicians provide nutrition care to patients: confidence in counselling about nutrition (p<0.001), having previous nutrition education (p=0.005) and a higher professional qualification (p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS Primary care physicians felt confident in providing nutrition care to patients living with diet-related chronic disease. Primary care physicians would benefit from higher levels of nutrition knowledge and skills to effectively support patients to improve their dietary behaviours and health conditions, leading to a positive impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rawan Sendi
- King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Lauren Ball
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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AlSahafi AJ, Shah HBU, AlSayali MM, Mandoura N, Assiri M, Almohammadi EL, Khalawi A, AlGarni A, Filemban MK, AlOtaibe AK, AlFaifi AWA, AlGarni F. High non-compliance rate with anti-tuberculosis treatment: a need to shift facility-based directly observed therapy short course (DOTS) to community mobile outreach team supervision in Saudi Arabia. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1168. [PMID: 31455324 PMCID: PMC6712871 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health problem in many developing countries including Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Patient compliance with anti-tuberculosis treatment is a determining factor in controlling the spread of TB. This study compares the default rate and the perception of their treatment among TB patients being treated by means of a community mobile outreach approach, with those of patients being treated by means of a facility-based Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) in the Jeddah region of Saudi Arabia. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study of 200 TB patients who presented at the Madain Alfahd Primary Health Care Center (PHCC) Jeddah, between January 2018 and November 2018 was undertaken. In one group, randomly assigned patients were served by mobile outreach teams who administered oral anti-TB treatment under the DOTS regime. In the other group, the patients were treated by means of the traditional facility-based DOTS treatment. A questionnaire measuring patient attitudes and understanding of the disease and their treatment modes was completed by patients at the beginning of their treatment, and again after 3 months. The results were analysed by means of independent and Paired T Tests, along with chi square analysis. Results We found that the overall default rate among those patients served by our mobile outreach team was only 3%, compared with a 22% default rate among non-mobile team treated patients (p = < 0.001). A major change in the attitude and understanding scores of patients was noted in both groups after 3 months. A significant difference was also noted in the mean compliance scores (mobile team served =58.43 and facility-based =55.55, p < 0.001) after 3 months of treatment. Conclusion Our study indicated that treatment by means of our mobile outreach DOTS can offer an effective strategy for the treatment of TB patients. A reduced patient default rate and a better understanding of the disease and its treatment confirmed a positive impact of mobile outreach teams on these patients. Treating TB patients by means of mobile outreach teams can thus be recommended as a means for the cure and prevention of the further spread of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Bin Usman Shah
- Research Department, Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Najlaa Mandoura
- Research Department, Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Assiri
- TB DOTS program, Department of Public Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Alaa Khalawi
- TB control program, Department of Public Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah AlGarni
- Communicable Diseases Department- Public Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Fatima AlGarni
- TB DOTS program, Department of Public Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Bawakid K, Rashid OA, Mandoura N, Shah HBU, Mugharbel K. Professional satisfaction of family physicians working in primary healthcare centers: A comparison of two Saudi regions. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 7:1019-1025. [PMID: 30598950 PMCID: PMC6259539 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction As a new healthcare market force and first point of contact, family physicians (FPs) play a key role in healthcare delivery system. It is vital to understand issues that affect performance and satisfaction with their practices and working environment. The objectives of this study are to assess the level of professional satisfaction and to compare and identify the factors potentially associated with professional satisfaction/dissatisfaction among FPs of two regions. Materials and Methods A comparative cross-sectional study on FPs working in primary healthcare centers under Ministry of Health was conducted in two regions (Jeddah and Eastern region) to assess job satisfaction and dissatisfaction among them. Validated close-ended questionnaire was emailed. Overall satisfaction along with the associated factors was identified. Chi-square and multivariate regression analyses were performed to test the association between job satisfaction and predictors. Results A total of 237 FPs completed the survey and an overall 62% of them were satisfied. Male doctors were less in number yet more satisfied (71%). FPs of eastern region were slightly more satisfied (63.4%) when compared with 59.2% of Jeddah. Factors significantly associated with professional dissatisfaction included FPs having the opinion that they were not respected by community members [odds ratio (OR) 2.7, confidence interval (CI): 1.24-5.97, P = 0.012] and FPs' own perception of being inferior to other specialties (OR 13.59, CI: 4.98-37.07, P < 0.001). Conclusion More than half of the FPs were professionally satisfied; however, the majority had perception of being inferior to other specialties. Improving self-esteem, working environment, and addressing other identified factors for dissatisfaction can help FPs overcome their stresses, leading to better healthcare delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Bawakid
- Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ola Abdul Rashid
- Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najlaa Mandoura
- Department of Research, Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Bin Usman Shah
- Department of Research, Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Shah HBU, Rashid F, Atif I, Hydrie MZ, Fawad MWB, Muzaffar HZ, Rehman A, Anjum S, Mehroz MB, Haider A, Hassan A, Shukar H. Challenges faced by marginalized communities such as transgenders in Pakistan. Pan Afr Med J 2018; 30:96. [PMID: 30344880 PMCID: PMC6191260 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.30.96.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stigmatization, social exclusion and consequent banishment from the society makes transgender's life even tougher; isolating, pushing and forcing them into inappropriate conducts/habits like selling sex. This study investigates the association of social exclusion/victimization with high-risk behaviors among transgender community of Rawalpindi and Islamabad (Pakistan). Methods Through a cross-sectional study design, a sample of 189 transgender community living in twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad was selected using snowball sampling technique. A validated close ended questionnaire was used to estimate the high-risk behaviors. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the competing outcomes associated with suicidal risk, selling sex and substance abuse. Results Majority study participants 77.8% experienced physical attacks with institutional discrimination even higher (91.5%). Commercial sex work and drug abuse was reported in 39.2% and 37.6% respectively. The prevalence of suicide ideation was high (38.6%) however, suicide attempted rate was less (18.5%). In the multivariate logistic regression, compared to those with no risk, being physically attacked increased the odds of both attempting (OR=2.18) and contemplating suicide and selling sex (OR=4.10). Nevertheless, the relative impact of institutional victimization on suicidal behavior was higher among those who were targeted on the basis of their gender identity or expression (AOR = 6.20, CI = 1.58-24.29, p=0.009). Conclusion The transgender community is socially excluded by the Pakistani society where they experience high levels of physical abuse and face discriminatory behavior in daily life. Such attitudes make them vulnerable for risky behaviors; forcing them to become commercial sex workers, begging, drugs use and even suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Bin Usman Shah
- Department of Community Medicine, Yusra Medical & Dental college, Islamabad (YMDC), Pakistan
| | - Farah Rashid
- Department of Community Medicine, Yusra Medical & Dental college, Islamabad (YMDC), Pakistan
| | - Iffat Atif
- Department of Community Medicine, Yusra Medical & Dental college, Islamabad (YMDC), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar Hydrie
- Joint program of family and community medicine, Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health Jeddah Region, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hafiz Zeeshan Muzaffar
- Department of Community Medicine, Yusra Medical & Dental college, Islamabad (YMDC), Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Community Medicine, Yusra Medical & Dental college, Islamabad (YMDC), Pakistan
| | - Sohail Anjum
- Department of Community Medicine, Yusra Medical & Dental college, Islamabad (YMDC), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bin Mehroz
- Department of Community Medicine, Yusra Medical & Dental college, Islamabad (YMDC), Pakistan
| | - Ali Haider
- Department of Community Medicine, Yusra Medical & Dental college, Islamabad (YMDC), Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Hassan
- Department of Community Medicine, Yusra Medical & Dental college, Islamabad (YMDC), Pakistan
| | - Hassaan Shukar
- Department of Community Medicine, Yusra Medical & Dental college, Islamabad (YMDC), Pakistan
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Khan MA, Akram S, Shah HBU, Hamdani SAM, Khan M. Epidemic of Kala Pathar(Paraphenylene Diamine) Poisoning: an Emerging Threat in Southern Punjab. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2018; 28:44-47. [PMID: 29290191 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2018.01.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess cases of the spectrum of Kala Patharpoisoning in all age groups. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Bahawalpur and Bahawal Victoria Hospital (BVH), Bahawalpur, from January 2016 to April 2017. METHODOLOGY All the cases of Kala Pathar(Paraphenylene diamine (PPD)) poisoning, admitted and treated at the study places during said period were included in the study. The assessed variable included gender, age, education status, socioeconomic status, reason of poisoning and mortality. Chi-square was applied for qualitative variables with p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS A total of 1,258 cases of PPD poisoning were included in the study; 814 (64.7%) females and 444 (35.3%) males. Their age ranged from 5 - 63 years, with median age 21 (IQR 4). Sixty-six (5.2%) were children and the rest 1,192 (94.8%) were adults. In adults 1,125 (94.37%) cases of PPD poisoning were suicidal and 62 (5.20%) accidental cases; only 5 (0.42%)adults were intentionally poisoned. On the other hand, only one child took it with suicidal intent, 54 (81.81%) ingested it accidentally and 11 (16.66%) children were given poison deliberately with the intent to murder. The overall mortality was 24.08% - 22.81% in adults, and 46.96% in children. CONCLUSION Kala Pathar(PPD) is a lethal substance when ingested. PPD poisoning is not limited to adults; many cases of pediatric poisoning are also being reported in Southern Punjab. Mortality due to Kala Patharis high. Tracheostomy should be done immediately in all such cases; and high intensive multidisciplinary approach is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumera Akram
- Department of Pediatrics, Bahawal Victoria Hospital (BVH), Bahawalpur
| | | | | | - Muhammad Khan
- Department of ENT, Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Bahawalpur
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Usman Shah HB, Atif I, Nabeel M, Qureshi H, Sadiq SM, Ahmed W, Raheem A, Bukhari H. Perceptions About Treatment Of Psychiatric Disorders By Faith Healers/ Psychiatrists Among General Public Of Urban And Rural Areas Of Rawalpindi District. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2018; 30:223-228. [PMID: 29938423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the passage of time, there has been a drastic increase in psychiatric disorders in past few decades across the world. Due to lack of education and awareness in the rural community, a majority of people still have strong misconceptions about the causation of psychiatric disorders and hence serve as a barrier for their medical treatment. METHODS A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban and rural areas of Rawalpindi district from March to August 2015, to find out the perception about treatment of psychiatric disorders among general public. Structured closed ended questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants and the results were analysed using SPSS. Chi square test was used to determine the association between categorical variables among urban and rural areas. RESULTS The finding of our study confirmed that people of urban areas tend to choose and seek treatment by psychiatrists more (74%) as compared to those living in rural area that tends to select and believe in methodology and treatment provided by faith healers (55%). Lack of education, poor socioeconomic status, high treatment cost and most importantly false beliefs were the major contributory factors for people of rural areas in their inclination towards faith healers. CONCLUSIONS The study concluded that most of the people of rural areas seek and trust the treatment by faith healers more as compared to psychiatrists. The importance of education and insight for the disorder cannot be denied for proper decision making about treatment choices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muhammad Nabeel
- Student, Yusra Medical and Dental College (YMDC), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Qureshi
- Student, Yusra Medical and Dental College (YMDC), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Waqar Ahmed
- Student, Yusra Medical and Dental College (YMDC), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Raheem
- Student, Yusra Medical and Dental College (YMDC), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Bukhari
- Student, Yusra Medical and Dental College (YMDC), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Mandoura N, Al-Raddadi R, Abdulrashid O, Shah HBU, Kassar SM, Adel Hawari AR, Jahhaf JM. Factors Associated with Consuming Junk Food among Saudi Adults in Jeddah City. Cureus 2017; 9:e2008. [PMID: 29507856 PMCID: PMC5832402 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Junk food (JF) consumption trend is increasing in all parts of the world. The transition in lifestyle and dietary habits is leading to many non-communicable diseases. The objectives of this study are twofold: (1) To examine the prevalence of junk food consumption and factors associated with consuming junk food among Saudi adults in Jeddah; and (2) to compare the trends of junk food consumption among males and females in Jeddah. Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted in five different Primary Health Care centers (PHCCs) of Jeddah working under Ministry of Health. The subjects were men (n = 146) and women (n = 254) aged 18-67 years visiting these centers. Structured validated close ended questionnaire was filled by all the participants. Data analysis was done using SPSS. Chi-square was applied to analyze the difference between male and female JF consumption and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to examine the risk factors. Results Overall the JF consumption in subjects with mean age 33.69 ± 12.29 years was highly prevalent in both genders (86.5%); (men = 85.6% and women = 87.4%). Controlling for some demographic and socioeconomic variables, increased junk food consumption was independently associated with education (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.088-5.605, p = 0.031), individuals who had limited time (OR = 3.82, 95% CI: 1.690-8.642, p < 0.001), for the change of routine and taste (OR = 7.64, 95% CI: 3.145-18.563, p < 0.001 and OR = 11.031, 95% CI: 4.219-28.843, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion The study findings provide evidence on the high prevalence of junk food consumption among Saudi adults. Junk food has influence in the dietary patterns of Saudi adults and this trend is likely to rise. This growing widespread use of junk food is of concern which may cause obesity-related non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najlaa Mandoura
- Research Department, Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Jeddah
| | - Rajaa Al-Raddadi
- Consultant Preventive Medicine, Joint Program for Preventive Medicine, Jeddah
| | - Ola Abdulrashid
- Head of Research Unit, Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Jeddah
| | - Hassan Bin Usman Shah
- Research Department, Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Jeddah
| | | | | | - Jana M Jahhaf
- Final Year Mbbs Student, King Abdul Aziz Medical College, Jeddah
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Bawakid K, Abdulrashid O, Mandoura N, Shah HBU, Ibrahim A, Akkad NM, Mufti F. Burnout of Physicians Working in Primary Health Care Centers under Ministry of Health Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2017; 9:e1877. [PMID: 29383297 PMCID: PMC5784861 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.1877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The levels of physicians' job satisfaction and burnout directly affect their professionalism, punctuality, absenteeism, and ultimately, patients' care. Despite its crucial importance, little is known about professional burnout of the physicians in Saudi Arabia. The objectives of this research are two-fold: (1) To assess the prevalence of burnout in physicians working in primary health care centers under Ministry of Health; and (2) to find the modifiable factors which can decrease the burnout ratio. Methodology Through a cross-sectional study design, a representative sample of the physicians working in primary health care centers (PHCCs) Jeddah (n=246) was randomly selected. The overall burnout level was assessed using the validated abbreviated Maslach burnout inventory (aMBI) questionnaire. It measures the overall burnout prevalence based on three main domains i.e., emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Independent sample T-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multivariate regression analysis were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Version 22, IBM, Armonk, NY). Results Overall, moderate to high burnout was prevalent in 25.2% of the physicians. Emotional exhaustion was noted in 69.5%. Multivariate regression analysis showed that patient pressure/violence (p <0.001), unorganized patients flow to clinics (p=0.021), more paperwork (p<0.001), and less co-operative colleague doctors (p=0.045) were the significant predictors for high emotional exhaustion. A positive correlation was noted between the number of patients per day and burnout. The patient’s pressure/violence was the only significant independent predictor of overall burnout. Conclusion Emotional exhaustion is the most prominent feature of overall burnout in the physicians of primary health care centers. The main reasons include patient’s pressure/violence, unorganized patient flow, less cooperative colleague doctors, fewer support services at the PHCCs, more paperwork, and less cooperative colleagues. Addressing these issues could lead to a decrease in physician’s burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Bawakid
- Deputy Director of General Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Jeddah, Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Jeddah
| | - Ola Abdulrashid
- Head of Research Unit, Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Jeddah
| | - Najlaa Mandoura
- Research Department, Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Jeddah
| | | | - Adel Ibrahim
- Research Department, Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Jeddah
| | | | - Fauad Mufti
- Primary Health Care Centre, PHCC Gholail, Jeddah
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Usman Shah HB, Atif I, Rashid F, Zulfiqar H, Mian K, Sarfraz M, Batool M, Khan UG. Knowledge and practices of critical care health professionals related to ventilator associated pneumonia in tertiary care hospitals of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. J PAK MED ASSOC 2017; 67:1714-1718. [PMID: 29171566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess knowledge and practices of critical care health professionals related to ventilator associated pneumonia. METHODS This cross-sectional survey was conducted at eight tertiary care public and private hospitals of Islamabad/Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from September 2015 to March 2016, and comprised healthcare professionals. Stratified random sampling was used. Data was collected using close-ended validated questionnaire. SPSS 22 was used for data analysis. RESULTS Of the 153 participants, 45(29.4%) were doctors, 91(59.4%) were nurses and 17(11.1%) were respiratory therapists. The overall mean age was 31±8.14 years. The overall mean knowledge and practice scores regarding prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia were 11.14±3.12 and 8.83±1.53, respectively. The mean knowledge score was 11.77±3.84 for physicians, 10.84± 2.91 for nurses and 10.82±1.94 for respiratory therapists. However, the best practice scores were seen in the respiratory therapists 9.64±0.78 (p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS The majority of the participants had adequate knowledge and even better practices, particularly respiratory therapists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iffat Atif
- Department of Community Medicine, Yusra Medical & Dental College, Islamabad
| | - Farah Rashid
- Department of Community Medicine, Yusra Medical & Dental College, Islamabad
| | - Hafsa Zulfiqar
- 4th Year MBBS Students, Yusra Medical & Dental College, Islamabad
| | - Kashmala Mian
- 4th Year MBBS Students, Yusra Medical & Dental College, Islamabad
| | - Maria Sarfraz
- 4th Year MBBS Students, Yusra Medical & Dental College, Islamabad
| | - Mariam Batool
- 4th Year MBBS Students, Yusra Medical & Dental College, Islamabad
| | - Umbreen Gul Khan
- 4th Year MBBS Students, Yusra Medical & Dental College, Islamabad
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Usman Shah HB, Atif I, Rashid F, Babar MW, Arshad F, Qamar W, Khan OA, Qadir ML. Assessment of caregiver burden of patients receiving dialysis treatment in Rawalpindi. J PAK MED ASSOC 2017; 67:1498-1501. [PMID: 28955063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the burden on the caregivers of patients receiving dialysis treatment. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out in four different dialysis centres of Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from June 1 to December1, 2015, and comprised attendants of patients receiving dialysis. The data was collected from the attendants of patients receiving dialysis, and caregiver burden was measured using the Zarit Burden Interview questionnaire. SPSS 22 was used for data analysis. RESULTS Of the 164 subjects, 97(59%) were females. The majority of caregivers reported stress for caring (2.28±1.31), patients asking for more help than needed (2.14±1.13), health problems (1.03±1.11), financial constraints (1.70±1.15) and little time for self-care (2.15±1.21). Besides, 107(65%) caregivers perceived the burden of their patients as mild to moderate. A positive correlation was found between the duration of a person on dialysis, daily hours of care-giving and the total burden score of his/her caregiver (p<0.05 each). CONCLUSIONS Care-giving can create enormous burdens on caregivers, affecting their physical and psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iffat Atif
- Department of Community Medicine, Yusra Medical & Dental College, Islamabad
| | - Farah Rashid
- Department of Community Medicine, Yusra Medical & Dental College, Islamabad
| | | | | | - Waqar Qamar
- Student, Yusra Medical & Dental College, Islamabad
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Bawakid K, Rashid OA, Mandoura N, Usman Shah HB, Ahmed WA, Ibrahim A. Patients' satisfaction regarding family physician's consultation in primary healthcare centers of Ministry of Health, Jeddah. J Family Med Prim Care 2017; 6:819-823. [PMID: 29564270 PMCID: PMC5848405 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_170_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The current study aims to assess the level of patients’ satisfaction and the factors contributing to patients’ satisfaction toward family physicians (FPs) consultation, visiting primary healthcare centers (PHCCs) working under Ministry of Health, Jeddah. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted in Jeddah from November 1, 2016 to March 1, 2017, we used consultation satisfaction questionnaire and its four subscales with standard cutoffs. These subscales include general satisfaction, professional care, depth of relationship, and length of consultation. Mean scores along with standard deviation of these subscales were measured. Independent sample t-test, ANOVA, and multivariate regression analysis were performed to test the association between satisfaction level and predictors. Results: Overall, patients’ satisfaction was 60%. Around 74% of patients were satisfied with the professional care and 58% with the depth of the relationship. Around 60% of patients need more consultation time with the physicians. Knowledge about the presence of FP in the nearest PHCCs was around 70%. Multivariate regression analysis for the overall high satisfaction showed that the most important predictors of this high satisfaction level are regular visits to a particular FP (P < 0.001), distance from the PHCC (P = 0.044) and gender of the patient (P = 0.027). Conclusion: This study concluded that satisfaction with the FP's consultation is acceptable but needs improvement. Lower satisfaction was reported among males, patients living at a distance from PHCC and who had less knowledge about the presence of FP in their nearest PHCC. Such study data are vital for any corrective measures to boost satisfaction in patients attending PHCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Bawakid
- Deputy Director, Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Ola Abdul Rashid
- Head of Training, Postgraduate Studies and Research Department, Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Najlaa Mandoura
- Head of Research Unit, Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Hassan Bin Usman Shah
- Research Department, Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Waqar Asrar Ahmed
- Head of IT Department, Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Adel Ibrahim
- Research Department, Directorate of Health Affairs for Public Health Division, Jeddah, KSA
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Shah HBU, Dar MK, Jamil AA, Atif I, Ali RJ, Sindhu AS, Usmani AQ. KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES OF HEPATITIS B AND C AMONG BARBERS OF URBAN AND RURAL AREAS OF RAWALPINDI AND ISLAMABAD. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2015; 27:832-836. [PMID: 27004334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C are serious global public health problems with a prevalence of 10-15% with majority of the cases seen in the developing countries including Pakistan. It is a blood borne infection transmitted by infected blood and blood products through transfusions, contaminated needles, vertical transmission, unsafe sex and reuse of razors by barbers. The literature search so far did not reveal any study comparing knowledge, attitude and practices of hepatitis B & C in barbers working in Urban and rural areas. METHODS A comparative cross sectional survey was carried out among barbers of urban and rural areas of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. A structured close ended questionnaire was filled from total of 202 barbers by non-probability convenience sampling technique. Comparative data analysis was done including variables like age, education, knowledge about hepatitis B & C, mode of transmission, role of the blades and media etc. RESULTS Knowledge about hepatitis B & C was good in urban areas (92%) as compared to those working in the rural areas (68%). Using new blade for every customer was seen in urban (100%) and rural (93%) area. However barbers knowledge about symptoms of the disease (urban 81% & rural 93%) and vaccination trend of Hepatitis B was low. CONCLUSION This study showed a marked difference in the knowledge, attitude and practices of the barbers working in the urban and the rural areas. Main focus should be on launching Health education programs and behaviour change communication campaigns for the barbers. Strict regulatory monitoring must be done against unlicensed street barbers.
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