1
|
Jiménez-López E, Mesas AE, Visier-Alfonso ME, Pascual-Morena C, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Herrera-Gutiérrez E, López-Gil JF. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in Spanish adolescents: results from the EHDLA study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:2637-2646. [PMID: 38170283 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are prevalent and disabling conditions among adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in adolescents. This cross-sectional study included a sample of 698 adolescent students from a region of Spain (mean age of 13.9 ± 1.5 years; 56.2% girls). Adherence to the MD was evaluated with the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents (KIDMED). Mental health symptoms were measured with the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Logistic regression models were performed, including a wide range of potential confounders. Compared to individuals with low adherence to the MD, those with moderate and high adherence had lower odds of experiencing depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24-0.65 and OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.20-0.55, respectively), which were statistically significant even after adjustment. No significant associations were found regarding anxiety or stress symptoms. Therefore, according to our results, higher adherence to the MD is inversely related to having depressive symptoms among adolescents, regardless of socioeconomic, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors. Considering the deleterious effects of mental health problems in youths, further research on the role of nonpharmacological strategies for the prevention and treatment of depressive symptoms in adolescence is essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estela Jiménez-López
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de La Luz, Cuenca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain.
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - María Eugenia Visier-Alfonso
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Carlos Pascual-Morena
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 1101, Talca, Chile
| | - Eva Herrera-Gutiérrez
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Espinardo Campus, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu T, Tan X, Li Y, Liang Y, Fan J. The Relationship between Occupational Fatigue and Well-Being: The Moderating Effect of Unhealthy Eating Behaviour. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:32. [PMID: 38247684 PMCID: PMC10813322 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Tech giants are large, well-known internet and technology companies. Employees of such companies are generally expected to work fast and for long periods of time, causing them to experience high occupational fatigue. The relationship between occupational fatigue and well-being is complex. Furthermore, in the context of the workplace, unhealthy eating behaviour may be used as a mechanism to cope with fatigue and stress. This study explored the relationship between occupational fatigue, well-being and unhealthy eating behaviour within this specific professional population. Study 1 used qualitative research methods, in which in-depth interviews were conducted with staff working at 13 tech giants in Shenzhen, China (N = 50). The findings revealed that work-related stress and occupational fatigue are common among employees working for tech giants. Additionally, factors such as unhealthy eating behaviour, workload, working hours and workplace interpersonal relationships were found to influence occupational well-being. Study 2 involved a cross-sessional survey of 237 employees of tech giants. The results indicated that occupational fatigue negatively impacts occupational well-being and that unhealthy eating behaviours play a moderating role between occupational fatigue and occupational well-being. These findings highlight the significance of adopting appropriate measures to improve the situation and cope with the effects of occupational fatigue by managing unhealthy eating behaviours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Wu
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaotong Tan
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China (Y.L.)
| | - Yuying Li
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China (Y.L.)
| | - Yongqi Liang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China (Y.L.)
| | - Jialin Fan
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China (Y.L.)
- The Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen 518060, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kaur S. Barriers to consumption of fruits and vegetables and strategies to overcome them in low- and middle-income countries: a narrative review. Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:420-447. [PMID: 36004512 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422422000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the barriers to the consumption of fruits and vegetables (FVs) as well as strategies to improve the intake of FVs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The importance of the consumption of FVs and its role in disease prevention are discussed briefly. Trends in the consumption of FVs in LMICs are also summarised. The WHO recommends that every individual should consume at least five servings or 400 grams of FVs per day. Epidemiological and clinical investigations have demonstrated that FVs contain numerous bioactive compounds with health-protecting activities. Despite their health benefits, the intake of FVs in LMICs remains low. Major barriers identified were socio-demographic factors, environmental conditions, individual and cultural factors, and macrosystem influences. These barriers may be lowered at the household, school, community, and national level through multi-component interventions including behaviour change communication (BCC) initiatives, nutrition education (NE), gardening initiatives, farm to institution programs (FIPs), food baskets, cash transfers, nutrition-agriculture policy and program linkages, and food-market environment-based strategies. This review has research implications due to the positive outcomes of strategies that lower such barriers and boost consumption of FVs in LMICs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhdeep Kaur
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab141004, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hill D, Conner M, Bristow M, O'Connor DB. Daily stress and eating behaviors in adolescents and young adults: Investigating the role of cortisol reactivity and eating styles. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 153:106105. [PMID: 37028138 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Stress-related eating has been well documented in previous literature. However, there is limited research investigating the role of cortisol reactivity in daily stress-eating associations in samples of adolescents and young adults. 123 participants completed a baseline questionnaire and the Trier Social Stress Test in groups. Four saliva samples were taken at - 10, + 00, + 10 and + 40 min during the stress-induction task. Following this, participants completed an online daily diary each evening for 14 consecutive days to record daily stress and between-meal snack consumption. Multilevel modelling indicated that daily stress was positively associated with daily snack intake, particularly for ego-threatening and work/academic stressors. Emotional and external eating styles were found to moderate the stress-snacking relationship. Cortisol reactivity also moderated stress-eating associations, such that as cortisol reactivity levels increased from lower to higher levels, the impact of stress on eating decreased. The current findings highlight the importance of cortisol reactivity status and eating styles in understanding the complex relationship between daily stress and eating behavior in adolescents and young adults. Future research should continue investigating stress-eating associations in these groups and explore the role of other aspects of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Hill
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Matt Bristow
- Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Solomou S, Logue J, Reilly S, Perez-Algorta G. A systematic review of the association of diet quality with the mental health of university students: implications in health education practice. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2023; 38:28-68. [PMID: 36441584 PMCID: PMC9853940 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
University students are at risk of experiencing mental health problems during the transition from home to university. This transition can also adversely affect their diet quality. This review aims to examine bidirectional associations from observational studies regarding the influence of diet quality on the mental health of university students, and vice versa. The databases PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched using relevant search terms. The searches were last updated on 15 July 2022. Majority of studies (36 out of 45) found that good diet quality of students was associated with better mental health in terms of depression, anxiety, stress and overall general mental well-being. Moreover, majority of studies (19 out of 23) found that stress and anxiety of students were associated with poorer diet quality. The effect sizes observed were generally small-moderate. Healthy diets of students have been associated with better mental health in terms of depression, anxiety, stress or other mental health issues. Stress experienced by university students has been associated with unhealthy diets. There are implications for health education research, as interventions to improve diet quality at the university level could reduce mental health issues; additionally, interventions to support students under stress may lead to healthier dietary habits when living on campuses. Randomized controlled trials and intervention studies are needed to further investigate these implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Logue
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Siobhan Reilly
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Al Adawi S, Al Shidhani A, Al Samani A, Al Malki T, Al Shukaili B, Al Toubi A, Chan M, Al Harthi L, Al Sibani N, Al Saadoon M, Cucchi A. The Relation between emotional eating and perceived stress among students in tertiary education in Oman: A single-center study. TAIWANESE JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/tpsy.tpsy_3_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
|
7
|
Mohamad O, Al Sabbah H, Smail L, Hermena EW, Al Ghali R. Food Consumption Frequency, Perceived Stress, and Depressive Symptoms Among Female University Students in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.792631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThis study assessed whether perceived stress and depressive symptoms were associated with the frequency of consumption of specific food groups among female university students.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among female university students using a simple random sampling method. The response rate was 97%, with a total number of 385 participants. The associations between stress levels and most/least-consumed food groups, and between depressive symptoms levels and most/least-consumed food groups were assessed. The questionnaire included a 12-item self-administered food frequency questionnaire, Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. The study was approved by the University Ethical Committee prior to the data collection. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and an independent-sample t-test were performed to test the equality of population means across the categories of each independent variable depending on the number of categories of the independent variable.ResultsOverall, this group of female university students fell under the mild mood disturbance category (depressive symptoms) (BDI-II) and had moderate perceived stress (PSS). Perceived stress was associated with more frequent consumption of salad/raw vegetables and cooked vegetables and less frequent consumption of cake/cookies and meat/sausage products (p < 0.05). Additionally, depressive symptoms were associated with less frequent consumption of fresh fruits and increased consumption of fast food/canned food and soft drinks (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe data showed that stress and depression were associated with different dietary preferences, which is consistent with the distinctions between stress and depression in human behavior. Specifically, the results revealed associations between soft drinks consumption and higher depressive symptoms and between frequent consumption of salad/raw vegetables and cooked vegetables and higher perceived stress among this group of female university students.
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang F, Wang H, Du W, Zhang X, Du S, Zhang B. Distinct Roles of Distress and Coping Capacity in the Effects of Psychological Stress on Energy Intake and Percentage of Energy from Macronutrients. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030577. [PMID: 35276936 PMCID: PMC8838414 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the association of perceived stress on energy intake and percentage of energy from macronutrients. We examined cross-sectional data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey among Chinese adults. Perceived stress scale was used to assess psychological stress, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to calculate the two latent variable scores: distress factor and coping factor of perceived stress. Combined two-level random effect model and structural equation modeling were used to explore the association between distress, coping, and energy intake. The study involved 6865 adults with an average age of 46.9 years. The intake of energy was 2047.9 ± 666.6 kcal/d, 51.1% from carbohydrate and 35.2% from fat. Neither distress nor coping capacity had an association with energy intake. The coping factor score was positively associated with the sum of percentage of energy intake from carbohydrate and fat (%C&F) in females (β = 0.149, p = 0.015) but not in males. Compared to the lowest tertile, %C&F of females with a coping factor score in the medium and top tertiles were 0.44 and 0.81 significantly higher, respectively (pmedium = 0.0013, ptop < 0.0001). Psychological stress was positively associated with %C&F in females. It was insufficient capacity to cope with stress that led to unhealthy eating behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (F.H.); (H.W.); (W.D.); (X.Z.)
| | - Huijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (F.H.); (H.W.); (W.D.); (X.Z.)
| | - Wenwen Du
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (F.H.); (H.W.); (W.D.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (F.H.); (H.W.); (W.D.); (X.Z.)
| | - Shufa Du
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (F.H.); (H.W.); (W.D.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
El Ansari W, Salam A. Physical activity and mental health. Is achieving the physical activity guidelines associated with less depressive symptoms among undergraduates at the University of Turku, Finland? Cent Eur J Public Health 2021; 29:201-208. [PMID: 34623120 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a6813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Virtually no previous research assessed physical activity (PA) of university students in Finland, and their associations with depressive symptoms, whilst simultaneously controlling for potential confounders. METHODS Students at the University of Turku (1,177) completed an online health and wellbeing questionnaire that assessed depressive symptoms (22 items), as well as their achievement of the guidelines of four forms of low, moderate, vigorous, and muscle strengthening PA (LPA, MPA, VPA, MSPA, respectively). We explored the associations of depressive symptoms with these PA forms, accounting for socio-demographic and health confounders (age, gender, year of study, marital status, accommodation during semesters, self-rated health). RESULTS Achievement of PA guidelines was generally low for these young adult Finnish undergraduates. Bivariate relationships (no controlling for confounders) between depressive symptoms and four forms of PA guidelines achievement showed that in males, good/very good/excellent self-rated health, and achievement of the MSPA guidelines were significantly negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Conversely, low PA was significantly positively associated with depressive symptoms. Multiple regression (controlling for confounders) showed that achievement of the MSPA guidelines was independently significantly negatively associated with depressive symptoms; and whilst achievement of the MPA and VPA guidelines was negatively associated with depressive symptoms, the relationships did not reach statistical significance. Likewise, low PA was positively associated with depressive symptoms, but the relationships were again not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Universities would benefit from multipronged strategies and approaches employing effective interventions aimed at improving students' general awareness of their health and promoting more physically active lifestyles among students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walid El Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Abdul Salam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sousa AR, Reis DMD, Vasconcelos TMD, Abdon APV, Machado SP, Bezerra IN. Association between common mental disorders and dietary intake among university students doing health-related courses. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2021; 26:4145-4152. [PMID: 34586266 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232021269.07172020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the association between common mental disorders (CMD) and dietary intake among Brazilian undergraduate students doing health-related courses. We interviewed 432 students enrolled at a public university in Fortaleza, the capital of the State of Ceará, between April and December 2018. The students were screened for CMD using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Food consumption and physical activity were assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF), respectively. We used linear regression to measure the association between energy and nutrient intake and positive screening for CMD. The models were adjusted for age, gender and physical activity. Overall prevalence of CMD was 44.5% and the rate was higher in women than in men. Individuals who screened positive for CMD practiced less physical activity and reported higher mean intake of added sugar and saturated fat and lower mean fiber intake, regardless of age, gender, and level of physical activity. Our findings show that the prevalence of CMD among undergraduate students doing health-related courses was high and that the presence of potential CMD was associated with higher intake of added sugar and saturated fats and lower fiber intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoniel Rodrigues Sousa
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Ceará. Av. Dr. Silas Munguba 1.700 Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903. Fortaleza CE Brasil.
| | - Dayanna Magalhães Dos Reis
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Ceará. Av. Dr. Silas Munguba 1.700 Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903. Fortaleza CE Brasil.
| | - Thaís Meirelles de Vasconcelos
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Ceará. Av. Dr. Silas Munguba 1.700 Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903. Fortaleza CE Brasil.
| | | | - Soraia Pinheiro Machado
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Ceará. Av. Dr. Silas Munguba 1.700 Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903. Fortaleza CE Brasil.
| | - Ilana Nogueira Bezerra
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Ceará. Av. Dr. Silas Munguba 1.700 Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903. Fortaleza CE Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Khaled K, Hundley V, Tsofliou F. Poor Dietary Quality and Patterns Are Associated with Higher Perceived Stress among Women of Reproductive Age in the UK. Nutrients 2021; 13:2588. [PMID: 34444749 PMCID: PMC8399887 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between stress and diet quality/patterns among women of reproductive age in UK. In total, 244 reproductive aged women participated in an online survey consisting of the European Prospective into Cancer and Nutrition food frequency questionnaire in addition to stress, depression, physical-activity, adiposity, and socioeconomic questions. An a-priori diet quality index was derived by assessing the adherence to Alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMD). A-posteriori dietary-patterns (DPs) were explored through factor analysis. Regression models were used to assess the predictors of the DPs. Participants mainly had medium (n = 113) aMD adherence. Higher stress levels were reported by participants with low aMD adherence. Participants with high aMD adherence were of normal BMI. Factor analysis revealed three DPs: fats and oils, sugars, snacks, alcoholic-beverages, red/processed meat, and cereals (DP-1), fish and seafood, eggs, milk and milk-products (DP-2), and fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds (DP-3). Regression models showed that DP-1 was positively associated with stress (p = 0.005) and negatively with age (p = 0.004) and smoking (p = 0.005). DP-2 was negatively associated with maternal educational-level (p = 0.01) while DP-3 was negatively associated with stress (p < 0.001), BMI (p = 0.001), and white ethnicity (p = 0.01). Stress was negatively associated with healthy diet quality/patterns among reproductive aged women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Khaled
- Department of Rehabilitation & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH8 8GP, UK;
| | - Vanora Hundley
- Centre for Midwifery, Maternal & Perinatal Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH8 8GP, UK;
| | - Fotini Tsofliou
- Department of Rehabilitation & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH8 8GP, UK;
- Centre for Midwifery, Maternal & Perinatal Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH8 8GP, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hill D, Conner M, Clancy F, Moss R, Wilding S, Bristow M, O'Connor DB. Stress and eating behaviours in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev 2021; 16:280-304. [PMID: 33913377 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2021.1923406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stress leads to detrimental health outcomes through direct biological and indirect behavioural changes. Stress can lead to disruption to normal eating behaviours, although the strength of these associations is unknown. This is the first meta-analysis to determine the strength of the stress-eating relationship in healthy adults and to explore the impact of potential moderators. Studies included had a clearly defined measure of stress (i.e., any noxious event or episode in one's environment with the exclusion of emotional distress) that was linked to non-disordered eating. Key terms were searched in Medline, PsycInfo and Ovid databases (23,104 studies identified). 54 studies (combined N = 119,820) were retained in the meta-analysis. A small, positive effect size was found for the stress-overall food intake relationship (Hedges' g = 0.114). Stress was associated with increased consumption of unhealthy foods (Hedges' g = 0.116) but decreased consumption of healthy foods (Hedges' g = -0.111). Only one significant moderator (restraint on stress-unhealthy eating) was identified. This meta-analysis identified the magnitude of the effect of stress on eating behaviour outcomes. Significant heterogeneity was observed that was not explained by the moderators examined. Further research on moderators of the stress-eating relationship is required and should distinguish effects for healthy versus unhealthy eating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Hill
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Faye Clancy
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Rachael Moss
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sarah Wilding
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Matt Bristow
- School of Psychology and Sports Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Radavelli-Bagatini S, Blekkenhorst LC, Sim M, Prince RL, Bondonno NP, Bondonno CP, Woodman R, Anokye R, Dimmock J, Jackson B, Costello L, Devine A, Stanley MJ, Dickson JM, Magliano DJ, Shaw JE, Daly RM, Hodgson JM, Lewis JR. Fruit and vegetable intake is inversely associated with perceived stress across the adult lifespan. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:2860-2867. [PMID: 33940399 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Poor nutritional habits are linked to higher perceived stress, but the relationship between fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and stress is uncertain. The primary aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the relationship between FV intake and perceived stress in a population-based cohort of men and women aged ≥25 years from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) Study. A secondary aim was to investigate the relationship between serum carotenoids, biomarkers of FV intake, and perceived stress. METHODS In Australian men and women, dietary intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire in 1999-2000 (n = 8689). Perceived stress was assessed using a validated Perceived Stress Questionnaire [PSQ index values ranging from 0 (lowest) to 1 (highest)]. Serum carotenoids were measured in a subset of participants (n = 1187) using high-performance liquid chromatography. Multivariable-adjusted linear and logistic regression were performed to investigate the associations between FV intake and perceived stress. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 47.4 (SD 14.1) years (49.8% females). Participants with the highest intakes of FV had 10% lower PSQ index values than those with the lowest intake [Q4: 0.27 ± 0.004 vs. Q1: 0.30 ± 0.004 (mean ± SE), p = 0.004]. Similar associations were found for fruits and vegetables, analysed separately. In subgroup analyses higher FV intake was associated with lower perceived stress in the middle-aged adults [≥45-<65 years (p = 0.004)], but not in the younger (<45 years) and older participants (≥65 years). Higher FV intake was also significantly associated with lower perceived stress in men (p = 0.009) and women (p = 0.012), separately. Serum carotenoid levels were inversely associated with perceived stress before, but not after adjusting for age and other confounding factors. CONCLUSION In Australian adults, higher FV intake was associated with lower perceived stress, particularly in the middle-aged adults. These findings support current recommendations that fruit and vegetables are essential for health and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Radavelli-Bagatini
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Lauren C Blekkenhorst
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia; Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Marc Sim
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia; Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Richard L Prince
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Nicola P Bondonno
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Catherine P Bondonno
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia; Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Richard Woodman
- Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Reindolf Anokye
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - James Dimmock
- Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, QLD, Australia
| | - Ben Jackson
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Leesa Costello
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Amanda Devine
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Mandy J Stanley
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Joanne M Dickson
- School of Arts and Humanities (Psychology), Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Dianna J Magliano
- Diabetes and Population Health, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan E Shaw
- Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia; Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia; Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
El Ansari W, Salam A. Prevalence and predictors of smoking, quit attempts and total smoking ban at the University of Turku, Finland. Cent Eur J Public Health 2021; 29:45-55. [PMID: 33831286 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a6576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study employed socio-demographic, health and lifestyle, and academic variables to assess the prevalence and independent predictors of daily smoking, attempts to quit smoking, and agreement with total smoking ban at university. METHODS Students at the University of Turku (1,177) completed an online questionnaire that assessed socio-demographic, health and lifestyle, and academic characteristics, and three smoking variables (smoking, attempts to quit, agreement with total smoking ban at university). Bivariate relationships and multiple logistic regression assessed relationships between student characteristics and the three smoking variables before and after controlling for all other variables. RESULTS Slightly < 80% of students never smoked, 16% were occasional, and about 6% were daily smokers, and about 40% had attempted to quit. Nearly half the sample agreed to total smoking ban at university. Physical activity, consuming alcohol, illicit drug/s use and daily smoking were significant independent predictors across > 1 of the three smoking variables. Age, health awareness, importance of achieving good grades, academic performance compared to peers, study burden, and mother's educational level were significant independent predictors of one of the three variables examined. CONCLUSION Universities need to assess smoking, with specific focus on the modifiable independent predictors that were associated with > 1 the variables examined, to encourage physical activity and pay attention to reduce alcohol consumption and illicit drug/s and daily smoking, whilst targeting at-risk students. University strategies should be part of the wider country-wide effective tobacco control policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walid El Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Abdul Salam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ng JS, Chin KY. Potential mechanisms linking psychological stress to bone health. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:604-614. [PMID: 33437195 PMCID: PMC7797546 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.50680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic psychological stress affects many body systems, including the skeleton, through various mechanisms. This review aims to provide an overview of the factors mediating the relationship between psychological stress and bone health. These factors can be divided into physiological and behavioural changes induced by psychological stress. The physiological factors involve endocrinological changes, such as increased glucocorticoids, prolactin, leptin and parathyroid hormone levels and reduced gonadal hormones. Low-grade inflammation and hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system during psychological stress are also physiological changes detrimental to bone health. The behavioural changes during mental stress, such as altered dietary pattern, cigarette smoking, alcoholism and physical inactivity, also threaten the skeletal system. Psychological stress may be partly responsible for epigenetic regulation of skeletal development. It may also mediate the relationship between socioeconomic status and bone health. However, more direct evidence is required to prove these hypotheses. In conclusion, chronic psychological stress should be recognised as a risk factor of osteoporosis and stress-coping methods should be incorporated as part of the comprehensive osteoporosis-preventing strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Sheng Ng
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Self-efficacy as Mediators in the Mediation of Sleep Quality and Grades in Nursing Students. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113265. [PMID: 33113807 PMCID: PMC7692202 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
University is a period in which students can experience a considerable amount of challenges that may influence their health lifestyles. The aim of this article is to discover the role of therapeutic adherence to the Mediterranean diet and self-efficacy as mediators in the relationship between sleep quality and the average grades of nursing students. The sample was made up of 334 nursing students, with a mean age of 21.84 years (SD = 6.24). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality questionnaires, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the Baessler and Shwarzer General Self-efficacy Scale were administered. The results of the multiple mediational model determined that quality of sleep has a direct influence on academic performance. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and quality of sleep have an effect on the degree of self-efficacy of nursing students. This study demonstrates that good sleep quality and adherence to the Mediterranean diet improve academic performance in nursing students. Future research should include multicenter longitudinal studies.
Collapse
|
17
|
Shen W, Long LM, Shih CH, Ludy MJ. A Humanities-Based Explanation for the Effects of Emotional Eating and Perceived Stress on Food Choice Motives during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092712. [PMID: 32899861 PMCID: PMC7551550 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceived stress affects emotional eating and food choices. However, the extent to which stress associates with food choice motives is not completely understood. This study assessed whether emotional eating mediates the associations between perceived stress levels and food choice motives (i.e., health, mood, convenience, natural content, price, sensory appeal, familiarities, weight control, and ethical concerns) during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic. A total of 800 respondents were surveyed in the United States in June 2020. Their perceived stress, emotional eating, and food choice motives were assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, and Food Choice Questionnaire, respectively. Moderate to high levels of perceived stress were experienced by the majority (73.6%) of respondents. Perceived stress was significantly correlated with emotional eating (r = 0.26) as well as five out of nine food choice motives: mood (r = 0.32), convenience (r = 0.28), natural content (r = −0.14), price (r = 0.27), and familiarity (r = 0.15). Emotional eating was significantly correlated with four out of nine food choice motives: mood (r = 0.27), convenience (r = 0.23), price (r = 0.16), and familiarity (r = 0.16). The mediation analyses showed that emotional eating mediates the associations between perceived stress and five food choices motives: mood, convenience, sensory appeal, price, and familiarity. Findings were interpreted using theories and concepts from the humanities, specifically, folklore studies, ritual studies, and symbolic anthropology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Shen
- Food and Nutrition Program, Department of Public and Allied Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-419-372-7868
| | - Lucy M. Long
- Center for Food and Culture, 550 West Wooster St, Bowling Green, OH 43402, USA;
- Institute for Study of Culture and Society, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Chia-Hao Shih
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA;
| | - Mary-Jon Ludy
- Food and Nutrition Program, Department of Public and Allied Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Khaled K, Tsofliou F, Hundley V, Helmreich R, Almilaji O. Perceived stress and diet quality in women of reproductive age: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J 2020; 19:92. [PMID: 32859204 PMCID: PMC7456060 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00609-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor diet quality is associated with obesity-related morbidity and mortality. Psychological stress can increase unhealthy dietary choices, but evidence pertinent to women of reproductive age remains unclear. This paper systematically reviewed the literature to determine the association between psychological stress and diet quality in women of reproductive age. METHODS Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Sciencedirect were searched. Data extraction was determined by the PEO. Inclusion criteria consisted of: English language, stress (exposure) measured in combination with diet quality (outcome), healthy women of reproductive age (18-49 years old (population)). Observational studies, due to the nature of the PEO, were included. Quality assessment used the Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies from the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effect model to estimate the Fisher's z transformed correlation between stress and diet quality with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS From 139,552 hits, 471 papers were screened; 24 studies met the inclusion criteria and were conducted in different countries: 8 studies on diet quality and 16 on food intake and frequency of consumption. Studies of diet quality consisted of six cross-sectional and two longitudinal designs with a total of 3982 participants. Diet quality was measured with diverse indices; Alternate Healthy Eating Index (n = 2), Healthy Eating Index (n = 2), Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet Index (n = 2), Dietary Quality Index- Pregnancy (n = 2), and Dietary Guideline Adherence Index (n = 1). Most studies used Cohen's perceived stress scale and no study measured biological stress response. After sensitivity analysis, only 5 studies (3471 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed a significant negative association between stress and diet quality with substantial heterogeneity between studies (r = - 0.35, 95% CI [- 0.56; - 0.15], p value < 0.001, Cochran Q test P < 0.0001, I2 = 93%). The 16 studies of food intake and frequency of consumption were very heterogeneous in the outcome measure and were not included in the meta-analysis. These studies showed that stress was significantly associated with unhealthy dietary patterns (high in fat, sweets, salt, and fast food and low in fruits, vegetables, fish, and unsaturated fats). CONCLUSION Future studies that explore diet quality/patterns should include both diet indices and factor analysis and measure biological markers of stress and dietary patterns simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Khaled
- Department of Rehabilitation & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, BH1 3LT UK
| | - Fotini Tsofliou
- Department of Rehabilitation & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, BH1 3LT UK
- Centre for Midwifery, Maternal & Perinatal Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, BH1 3LT UK
| | - Vanora Hundley
- Centre for Midwifery, Maternal & Perinatal Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, BH1 3LT UK
| | - Rebecca Helmreich
- Department of Graduate Studies, Cizik School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Orouba Almilaji
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, BH1 3LT UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Factors influencing dietary behaviours in urban food environments in Africa: a systematic mapping review. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:2584-2601. [PMID: 32450938 PMCID: PMC7116038 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019005305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To identify factors influencing dietary behaviours in urban food environments in Africa and identify areas for future research. Design: We systematically reviewed published/grey literature (protocol CRD4201706893). Findings were compiled into a map using a socio-ecological model on four environmental levels: individual, social, physical and macro. Setting: Urban food environments in Africa. Participants: Studies involving adolescents and adults (11–70 years, male/female). Results: Thirty-nine studies were included (six adolescent, fifteen adolescent/adult combined and eighteen adult). Quantitative methods were most common (twenty-eight quantitative, nine qualitative and two mixed methods). Studies were from fifteen African countries. Seventy-seven factors influencing dietary behaviours were identified, with two-thirds at the individual level (45/77). Factors in the social (11/77), physical (12/77) and macro (9/77) environments were investigated less. Individual-level factors that specifically emerged for adolescents included self-esteem, body satisfaction, dieting, spoken language, school attendance, gender, body composition, pubertal development, BMI and fat mass. Studies involving adolescents investigated social environment-level factors more, for example, sharing food with friends. The physical food environment was more commonly explored in adults, for example, convenience/availability of food. Macro-level factors associated with dietary behaviours were food/drink advertising, religion and food prices. Factors associated with dietary behaviour were broadly similar for men and women. Conclusions: The dominance of studies exploring individual-level factors suggests a need for research to explore how social, physical and macro-level environments drive dietary behaviours of adolescents and adults in urban Africa. More studies are needed for adolescents and men, and studies widening the geographical scope to encompass all African countries.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mohamed BA, Mahfouz MS, Badr MF. Food Selection Under Stress Among Undergraduate Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:211-221. [PMID: 32184682 PMCID: PMC7053809 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s236953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background University students might experience numerous sources of stress in their daily lives. Previous research has found that stress affects food selection patterns, but the effect might vary by country and sex. No previous study conducted in Saudi Arabia has assessed the association between stress and dietary habits among university students. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association between perceived stress and food selection patterns among undergraduate students by sex at King Saud University (KSU). Methods A cross-sectional study of 400 students attending the College of Applied Medical Sciences in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, was conducted. The self-administered questionnaire that was used consisted of three sections: sociodemographic, food frequency questionnaire, and Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale. Results Approximately (59.0%) of the participants reported suffering from some level of stress, with more females (64.5%) experiencing stress than males (54.0%). The univariate analysis showed that under stress, more females (68.0%) reported eating more than usual than males (49.0%), while the percentage of respondents that reported eating less than usual was higher for females (23.0%) than that for males (31.0%). The McNemar test indicated that under stress, there was an increased preference for salty flavors, which was not associated with sex. Significantly more females (82.0%) than males (64.5%) reported preferring sweets under stress. More males reported preferring bitter and savory flavors than females. Under stress, females preferred homemade food, while males preferred takeout foods. More females (68.0%) reported losing control and overeating than males (49.0%). A logistic regression showed that for female students, perceived stress was associated with frequent consumption of sweets, cake/cookies, snacks and beverages and less frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables. For males, the consumption of fast food and meat was significantly positively associated with perceived stress. Conclusion Perceived stress led to unhealthy changes in eating patterns in both sexes, as evidenced by reports of an increased preference for sweets, snacks and cake/cookies among females and an increased preference for fast food and meat among males. These results may be potentially important targets for interventions for stress-related food consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Badreldin Abdelrhman Mohamed
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Salih Mahfouz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Farouk Badr
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ahola AJ, Forsblom C, Harjutsalo V, Groop PH. Perceived Stress and Adherence to the Dietary Recommendations and Blood Glucose Levels in Type 1 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:3548520. [PMID: 32733965 PMCID: PMC7383306 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3548520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress may negatively impact self-management of diabetes and thereby deteriorate glycaemic control. Eating is the most frequently reported stress-release method. In this study, we investigated the association between perceived stress (PS), dietary adherence, and glycaemic control. Data from participants in the FinnDiane Study with type 1 diabetes who had completed a diet questionnaire and Cohen's perceived stress scale (PSS) were included. In addition to using a continuous PSS score, participants were divided into three groups based on the PSS scores: the first PSS quartile, low levels of PS; second and third quartiles, moderate levels of PS; and fourth quartile, high levels of PS. A diet score reflecting the level of adherence to dietary recommendations was calculated. Analyses were conducted in the whole sample and in subgroups divided by body mass index (BMI < 25 kg/m2 vs. BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). In the whole sample, high PS and continuous stress score were negatively associated with the diet score and with adherence to fish, fresh vegetable, low-fat liquid milk product, and vegetable oil-based cooking fat recommendations. The stress score was negatively associated with the diet score both in lean and in those overweight or obese. However, fish and fresh vegetable recommendations were only affected in those with corpulence. PS was not associated with mean blood glucose concentrations in the whole sample. When divided by BMI status, worse glycaemic control was observed in lean subjects reporting stress. In individuals with overweight or obesity, instead, high glucose concentrations were observed regardless of the level of perceived stress. Interventions to improve stress management could improve dietary adherence and glycaemic control and could thereby have the potential to improve long-term health and well-being of individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aila J. Ahola
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
El Ansari W, Berg-Beckhoff G. Association of Health Status and Health Behaviors with Weight Satisfaction vs. Body Image Concern: Analysis of 5888 Undergraduates in Egypt, Palestine, and Finland. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122860. [PMID: 31766557 PMCID: PMC6950666 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the relationships between weight satisfaction, body image concern, healthy nutrition, health awareness, and physical activity among college students across culturally different countries. We assessed country and sex-specific associations between health status (self-rated health, depression, BMI), healthy behavior (healthy nutrition, physical activity, health awareness), weight satisfaction, and body image concern via a cross-sectional survey (5888 undergraduates) in Egypt, Palestine, and Finland. This health and wellbeing survey employed identical self-administered paper questionnaires administered at several Universities in two Eastern Mediterranean countries (Egypt, Palestine—Gaza Strip), and an online-survey comprising the same questions in Finland. Regression analyses were employed. Health status variables exhibited the strongest associations; high BMI and more depressive symptoms were more often among students satisfied with their weight (except in Palestine), but they were positively associated with body image concern irrespective of country or gender. Self-rated health was not associated with body image concern or weight satisfaction. Healthy behaviors were not associated with body image concern or weight satisfaction. Depressive symptoms and BMI were the most prominent predictors for body image concern. There were country-specific consistent results when using the body image concern score. Further research is necessary to compare body image across different cultures and countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walid El Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha 3050, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha 3050, Qatar
- School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, 541 45 Skövde, Sweden
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester GL53 7TH, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriele Berg-Beckhoff
- Unit for Health Promotion Research, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrs Vej 9, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Silva CDJ, Leite IDS, Rodrigues JW, Almeida SPD, Nóbrega BP, Sampaio Filho JDR. ANALYSIS OF LACTOSE INTOLERANCE IN STUDENTS WITH SUGGESTIVE SYMPTOMS OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2019; 56:304-311. [PMID: 31633730 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.201900000-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome is a clinical condition presenting pain, distension and abdominal fullness, diarrhea, constipation, and other symptoms. It generates significant impacts on the quality of life of those affected. The pathophysiology is uncertain, but the role of various food types has been established in bowel sensitivity and its clinical manifestations. Carbohydrate intolerance, particularly to lactose, generates similar and sometimes indistinguishable symptoms from irritable bowel syndrome, and in clinical practice is both a frequent and underdiagnosed condition. Carbohydrate intolerance is related to enzymatic deficiencies, alterations of intestinal microbiota and even genetic change. The principal test for a diagnosis of lactose intolerance is the breath test, which measures hydrogen emission (produced only by bacteria), after ingestion of the corresponding substrate. OBJECTIVE The present work aims to verify the prevalence of lactose intolerance in university students, presenting gastrointestinal symptoms suggestive of irritable bowel syndrome. METHODS In a transversal study, to screen for those with suggestive symptoms, 124 medicine students participated by responding to a form. Those with abdominal pain were referred for anti-parasite treatment in order to exclude intestinal parasites as a secondary cause. Subsequently, using the hydrogen breath test, bacterial overgrowth was investigated, and if negative, lactose intolerance testing would be performed. Patients presenting high hydrogen concentrations of ≥20 ppm above the basal level were considered lactose intolerant. RESULTS Of the total of students researched (n=124), 7 were excluded because they did not completing all study phases. From those 117 individuals effectively included in the survey; 8 (6.8%) were diagnosed with lactose intolerance and 2 (1.7%) with bacterial overgrowth. Intolerance was more frequent in; female individuals (75%), age range 18 to 25 years (62.5%), being colored (50%), and in their 5th semester of studies (37.5%). The presence of at least one gastrointestinal symptom among those presenting intolerance (100%), and those not presenting intolerance (42.2%) was found (P=0.002). In addition to abdominal pain (100%) (P<0.001), the most recurrent gastrointestinal symptom in the lactose intolerant students was the distension/flatulence (62.5%) (P=0.026). In relation to life habits and food patterns, there was no statistical difference between lactose tolerant and intolerant individuals, or for symptom frequencies. The more advanced students, completing more periods towards graduation, demonstrated more occurrences of gastrointestinal symptoms, yet without presenting significant statistical discrepancies. CONCLUSION In view of the test sample quantity (n=21), a high prevalence of lactose intolerance (6.8%) in the academic environment, with epidemiological characteristics compatible to those found the literature is demonstrated, generating knowledge with understanding to prevent, diagnose, alleviate and treat lactose intolerant university students, and generate positive impacts towards well-being, improving the quality of life of these individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cleise de Jesus Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal Do Vale do São Francisco, Paulo Afonso, BA, Brasil
| | | | - José Weberton Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal Do Vale do São Francisco, Paulo Afonso, BA, Brasil
| | | | - Bruna Pessoa Nóbrega
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal Do Vale do São Francisco, Paulo Afonso, BA, Brasil
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Antonopoulou M, Mantzorou M, Serdari A, Bonotis K, Vasios G, Pavlidou E, Trifonos C, Vadikolias K, Petridis D, Giaginis C. Evaluating Mediterranean diet adherence in university student populations: Does this dietary pattern affect students' academic performance and mental health? Int J Health Plann Manage 2019; 35:5-21. [DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Antonopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of EnvironmentUniversity of Aegean Myrina Lemnos Greece
| | - Maria Mantzorou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of EnvironmentUniversity of Aegean Myrina Lemnos Greece
| | - Aspasia Serdari
- Department of Psychiatry and Child PsychiatryDemocritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis Thrace Greece
| | - Konstantinos Bonotis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Thessaly Larisa Greece
| | - Giorgos Vasios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of EnvironmentUniversity of Aegean Myrina Lemnos Greece
| | - Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of EnvironmentUniversity of Aegean Myrina Lemnos Greece
| | - Christina Trifonos
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of EnvironmentUniversity of Aegean Myrina Lemnos Greece
| | - Konstantinos Vadikolias
- Department of Neurology, School of MedicineDemocritus University of Thrace Alexandroupoli Greece
| | - Dimitris Petridis
- Department of Food TechnologyHellenic International University Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of EnvironmentUniversity of Aegean Myrina Lemnos Greece
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Haq IU, Mariyam Z, Zeb F, Jiang P, Wu X, Shah J, Xu C, Zhou M, Feng Q, Li M. Identification of Body Composition, Dietary Patterns and Its Associated Factors in Medical University Students in China. Ecol Food Nutr 2019; 59:65-78. [PMID: 31496279 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2019.1663350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to measure the body composition, dietary patterns and its associated factors in medical students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 695 students studying at Nanjing medical university, China. Data regarding dietary intake factors was collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Principle component analysis and multivariate linear regressions were used. Body composition including BMI and visceral fats index of the males were significantly higher (P < .05) than females. While body fats percentage and fats mass index/free fat mass index (FMI/FFMI) ratio of females was significantly higher (P < .05) than males. Three dietary patterns were identified: western dietary pattern, meat pattern, and vegetables and fruits pattern. The western pattern was having an independent negative association (P < .05) with age and financial status, while positive association (P < .05) with sleeping duration and FMI/FFMI ratio. Vegetables and fruits patterns was having positive association with physical exercise and while negative association with FMI/FFMI ratio. Meat pattern was having positive association with educational levels and sleeping duration, while negative association with physical exercise and FMI/FFMI ratio. In conclusion, medical students adopted less healthy dietary patterns as compared to healthy dietary patterns, which were found to be more associated with some adverse dietary and lifestyle behavior outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ijaz Ul Haq
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zahula Mariyam
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Falak Zeb
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jahan Shah
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuyue Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Li
- School of International Education, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
AlJaber MI, Alwehaibi AI, Algaeed HA, Arafah AM, Binsebayel OA. Effect of academic stressors on eating habits among medical students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:390-400. [PMID: 30984644 PMCID: PMC6436320 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_455_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Stress can be defined as an integral response of the organism to pressures from the internal or external environment with the aim to maintain homeostasis. Usually, it has a negative impact on human health. Medical students can feel stress during their preclinical studies due to overload of work such as assignments, lectures, and seminars. As a result, their appetite can be affected by skipping meals eating fast food. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of eating habits and to define its association with stress among medical students. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the medical students of Al-Imam Muhammed Ibn Saud Islamic University. Subjects and Methods: The sample consist of 105 Arabian males (100%) with 21-year old being the average. We use questionnaires divided into three sections. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS. Results: We have confirmed three hypotheses: freshman would have Higher Stress Levels than sophomores and junior, the spread of fast food restaurants increases the chance for students to eat Unhealthy Foods, and the students Who Have High Stress Levels Would Eat More Unhealthy Foods Than Students Who Have Low Stress Levels. Conclusions: Our findings have revealed the importance to develop a specific intervention program with the aim to decrease the stress in medical students. We suggest also the development of accurate university programs with resources well programmed and well established, development of the educational program with the aim to promote healthy eating habits in medical students, the longitudinal courses should be converted to Blocks to decrease the Academic stress on students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I AlJaber
- College of Medicine, Al-Imam Muhammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hamad A Algaeed
- College of Medicine, Al-Imam Muhammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Omar A Binsebayel
- College of Medicine, Al-Imam Muhammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lyzwinski LN, Caffery L, Bambling M, Edirippulige S. The Mindfulness App Trial for Weight, Weight-Related Behaviors, and Stress in University Students: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e12210. [PMID: 30969174 PMCID: PMC6479283 DOI: 10.2196/12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background University students are at risk of weight gain during their studies. Key factors related to weight gain in this population include unhealthy weight-related behaviors because of stress. Mindfulness holds promise for weight management. However, there has not been any previous trial that has explored the effectiveness of a student-tailored mindfulness app for stress, weight-related behaviors, and weight. There is limited evidence that current mindfulness apps use evidence-based mindfulness techniques. A novel app was developed that combined evidence-based, mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindful eating (ME) techniques that were tailored to university students, with student-relevant themes for targeting weight behaviors, weight, and stress. Objectives The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of a student-tailored mindfulness app for weight, weight-related behaviors, and stress. Testing this app in a rigorous randomized controlled trial (RCT) for these outcomes is a novelty and contribution to this emerging field. Methods A 2-arm RCT of an 11-week duration was undertaken at the University of Queensland. Students were either randomized to the mindfulness app (n=45) or to a behavioral self-monitoring electronic diary (e-diary; n=45) for diet and exercise. Analysis of covariance was used to compare differences in weight, stress, mindfulness, ME, physical activity, and eating behaviors between both groups. Results Neither the mindfulness app group nor the e-diary group lost weight and there were no differences between the groups at follow-up. The mindfulness app group had significantly lower stress levels (P=.02) (adherers only), lower emotional eating (P=.02), and uncontrolled eating (P=.02) as well as higher mindfulness (P≤.001) and ME levels overall (P≤.001). The e-diary group had higher metabolic equivalents of moderate activity levels (P≤.01). However, the effect sizes were small. Regular adherence to mindfulness exercises in the app was low in the group. The majority of students (94%) liked the app and found it to be acceptable. Compared with other exercises, the most helpful reported meditation was the short breathing exercise observing the breath (39.4% [13/33] preferred it). This was the first RCT that tested a mindfulness app for weight and weight-related behaviors in students. The modest level of user adherence likely contributes to the lack of effect on weight loss. However, there was a small, albeit promising, effect on weight-related eating behavior and stress. Conclusions A mindfulness app demonstrated effectiveness for stress, eating behaviors, mindfulness, and ME, but the effect sizes were small. Future studies should be conducted over longer periods of time and with greater participant compliance. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Trial Registry ACTRN12616001349437; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371370 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/761cc2K6ft)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liam Caffery
- University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Centre for Online Health, Woloongabba, Australia
| | - Matthew Bambling
- University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Centre for Online Health, Woloongabba, Australia
| | - Sisira Edirippulige
- University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Centre for Online Health, Woloongabba, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Debeuf T, Verbeken S, Van Beveren ML, Michels N, Braet C. Stress and Eating Behavior: A Daily Diary Study in Youngsters. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2657. [PMID: 30627114 PMCID: PMC6309126 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Overweight and obesity are growing problems, with more attention recently, to the role of stress in the starting and maintaining process of these clinical problems. However, the mechanisms are not yet known and well-understood; and ecological momentary analyses like the daily variations between stress and eating are far less studied. Emotional eating is highly prevalent and is assumed to be an important mechanism, as a maladaptive emotion regulation (ER) strategy, in starting and maintaining the vicious cycle of (pediatric) obesity. Objectives: The present study aims to investigate in youngsters (10 - 17 years) the daily relationship between stress and the trajectories of self-reported eating behavior (desire to eat motives; hunger eating motives and snacking) throughout 1 week; as well as the moderating role of emotion regulation and emotional eating in an average weight population. Methods: Participants were 109 average weighted youngsters between the age of 10 and 17 years (M age = 13.49; SD = 1.64). The youngsters filled in a trait-questionnaire on emotion regulation and emotional eating at home before starting the study, and answered an online diary after school time, during seven consecutive days. Desire to eat motives, hunger eating motives and snacking were assessed daily for seven consecutive days. Results: Using multilevel analyses results revealed that daily stress is significantly associated with trajectories of desire to eat motives and hunger eating motives. No evidence was found for the moderating role of maladaptive ER in these relationships; marginally significant evidence was found for the moderating role of emotional eating in the trajectories of desire to eat and snacking. Discussion: These results stress the importance of looking into the daily relationship between stress and eating behavior parameters, as both are related with change over and within days. More research is needed to draw firm conclusion on the moderating role of ER strategies and emotional eating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taaike Debeuf
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Verbeken
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie-Lotte Van Beveren
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Caroline Braet
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ganesh R, Mahapatra S, Fuehrer DL, Folkert LJ, Jack WA, Jenkins SM, Bauer BA, Wahner-Roedler DL, Sood A. The Stressed Executive: Sources and Predictors of Stress Among Participants in an Executive Health Program. Glob Adv Health Med 2018; 7:2164956118806150. [PMID: 30364454 PMCID: PMC6196623 DOI: 10.1177/2164956118806150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress is highly prevalent in the U.S. society, especially in executives, and is a well-documented risk factor for a wide range of medical disorders. Knowledge of common sources of stress and predictive factors may help identify executives at risk of high stress and allow us to appropriately refer them for stress management treatment. Objective The primary aim of this study was to identify common sources of stress, predictors of high stress, and other correlates among executives. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey of executives who requested a stress management consult at our institution. We abstracted the data from a 14-item intake survey as well as from the patient interview. Results Of the 839 executives, 827 executives (98.6%) who were referred for individual stress management consults completed the stress-related questions of the survey; 51.3% of these executives reported having a high stress level. Study participants mostly struggled with the well-being measures of sleep, anxiety, energy level, and diet. The majority reported that their main stressor was work related (n = 540, 64.4%) followed by family related (n = 371, 44.2%), health related (n = 170, 20.3%), and work–life balance (n = 62, 7.4%). In unadjusted analysis, high stress was associated with younger age (P = .006), lower quality-of-life scores (P < .001), and less physical activity (P < .001). In multivariable analyses, the strongest predictors for high stress level were younger age (odds ratios [OR] = 0.84, P = .045) and worse quality-of-life indicators such as anxiety (OR = 2.72, P < .001), diet (OR = 0.78, P = .02), and sleep (OR = 0.74, P < .003). Conclusion These findings suggest that executives with a high level of stress might be best helped through a multimodality stress management program. Our findings merit replication in larger studies and more definitive confirmation with prospective clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Ganesh
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Saswati Mahapatra
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Debbie L Fuehrer
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Levi J Folkert
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Whitney A Jack
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sarah M Jenkins
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brent A Bauer
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Amit Sood
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lyzwinski LN, Caffery L, Bambling M, Edirippulige S. Relationship Between Mindfulness, Weight, and Weight-Related Behaviors in College Students: A Systematic Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/act.2018.29182.lnl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette Nathalie Lyzwinski
- Lynnette Lyzwinski, MPhil, is a PhD candidate at the Centre for Online Health, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia, and the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liam Caffery
- Liam Caffery, PhD, is a senior researcher at the Centre for Online Health, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, and director of telehealth technology
| | - Matthew Bambling
- Matthew Bambling, PhD, is a clinical psychologist, researcher, and director of postgraduate coursework in medicine at the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, and is affiliated with the Centre for Online Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sisira Edirippulige
- Sisira Edirippulige, PhD, is a lecturer on e-health and researcher at the Centre for Online Health, School of Medicine, University of Queensland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nathalie Lyzwinski L, Caffery L, Bambling M, Edirippulige S. University Students’ Perspectives on Mindfulness and mHealth: A Qualitative Exploratory Study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2018.1502701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
32
|
A Comparative Study of Nutritional Status, Knowledge Attitude and Practices (KAP) and Dietary Intake between International and Chinese Students in Nanjing, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091910. [PMID: 30177588 PMCID: PMC6165259 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
University students tend to have poor dietary practices, which ultimately affect their nutritional status. International students are becoming more prevalent in China. The current study aimed to compare the nutritional status, knowledge attitude and practices (KAP) and dietary intake between international and Chinese students in China. A comparative study was conducted in undergraduate students of Nanjing Medical University aged 17–31 years including 308 international and 393 Chinese students. Data was collected by self-administered questionnaire. Body composition was detected by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Student t-test and chi square test were used for comparison. Linear regressions were used for association of nutritional status with determinants. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in international student was higher than Chinese students. International male and female students were having significantly (p < 0.05) high BMI and percent body fats than Chinese male and female students. Nutritional KAP scores of Chinese students was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than international students. As for diet consumption, daily milk consumption was high in international students while daily egg and weekly fish and meat consumption were found more in Chinese students. Fast foods and carbonated drinks weekly consumption was significantly (p < 0.001) high in international students. After adjusted for age, gender, education, sleeping duration and physical exercise, the inverse association of nutritional KAP with BMI remained significant. Our data indicate that international students had more percent body fats, less nutritional KAP scores and unhealthy dietary habits than Chinese students. Proper nutrition education and guidance for improving good habits and nutritional status is suggested for international students.
Collapse
|
33
|
El Ansari W, Samara A. Adherence to Recommended Dietary Guidelines and the Relationships with the Importance of Eating Healthy in Egyptian University Students. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:73. [PMID: 30167103 PMCID: PMC6106130 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_619_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known on the food consumption habits and adherence to dietary guidelines among young adults. We examined students' adherence to recommended guidelines, and the associations between importance of eating healthy and guidelines adherence. METHODS A total of 3271 undergraduates at 11 faculties, Assiut University, Egypt (2009-2010), completed a questionnaire reporting their consumption of 12 food groups; number of servings of fruits/vegetables/day; and how important it is for them to eat healthy. We employed the WHO guidelines for the Eastern Mediterranean region (WHO 2012) to compute students' adherence to dietary guidelines for the different food groups. Chi-square tested the differences for adherence to guidelines by gender, and the associations between the importance of healthy eating and guidelines adherence for the whole sample and by gender. RESULTS Except for cereal products, no food group had an adherence level >45%. Gender differences were observed (men had better adherence for sweets, cake/cookies, snacks, and raw vegetables but not for fast food/canned food or cooked vegetables, P < 0.001 for each). There was a significant positive trend between the increase of subjective importance of eating healthy and adherence to guidelines (P = 0.012-< 0.001). However, this association was only for some food groups and gender dependent. CONCLUSIONS Across the majority of food groups we examined, this sample exhibited low adherence levels to International Nutrition Guidelines. Healthier eating educational/intervention efforts should target foods exhibiting low adherence (most food groups, particularly salad/raw vegetables, fresh fruits, dairy/dairy products, meat/sausage products); consider gender differences (females reported lower adherence across most food groups); and note the relation between adherence and subjective importance of eating healthy by food groups and gender.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walid El Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Public Health, School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
- School of Sports and Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, England, UK
| | - Anastasia Samara
- Unit for Health Promotion, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lyzwinski LN, Caffery L, Bambling M, Edirippulige S. The Relationship Between Stress and Maladaptive Weight-Related Behaviors in College Students: A Review of the Literature. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2018.1449683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
35
|
Amirabdollahian F, Haghighatdoost F. Anthropometric Indicators of Adiposity Related to Body Weight and Body Shape as Cardiometabolic Risk Predictors in British Young Adults: Superiority of Waist-to-Height Ratio. J Obes 2018; 2018:8370304. [PMID: 30515323 PMCID: PMC6236774 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8370304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequently reported poor dietary habits of young adults increase their risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Excess adiposity is the most established predictor of MetS, and numerous anthropometric measures have been proposed as proxy indicators of adiposity. We aimed to assess prevalence of MetS in young adult population and to make comparison between weight- and shape-oriented measures of adiposity to identify the best index in association with measured body fat and as a risk predictor for MetS. Healthy males and females aged 18-25 years from the Northwest of England were recruited using convenience sampling (n=550). As part of the assessment of the overall health of young adults, the biochemical variables and adiposity measures BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), new BMI, Body Adiposity Index (BAI), Clinica Universidad de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE), and A Body Shape Index (ABSI) were assessed. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association between the proxy indices of adiposity and measured percentage body fat. The odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to investigate the relationship between cardiometabolic (CM) risk factors and proxy measures of adiposity. The discriminatory power of these measures for diagnosis of MetS was investigated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Body weight-related indicators of adiposity, particularly CUN-BAE, had stronger association with measured body fat compared with body shape-related indices. In relation with MetS, body shape-related indices, particularly elevated WC and WHtR, had stronger associations with CM risk compared with body weight-related measures. Amongst all indices, the best predictor for CM risk was WHtR, while ABSI had the weakest correlation with body fat, MetS, and CM risk. Indices directly associated with WC and specifically WHtR had greater diagnostic power in detection of CM risk in young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hong SA, Peltzer K. Dietary behaviour, psychological well-being and mental distress among adolescents in Korea. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2017; 11:56. [PMID: 29209411 PMCID: PMC5706161 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-017-0194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary intake is important for physical and mental health. The aim of this investigation was to assess associations between dietary behaviours and psychological well-being and distress among school-going adolescents in Korea. METHODS In a cross-sectional nationally representative survey, 65,212 students (Mean age = 15.1 years, SE = 0.02 and 52.2% male and 47.8% female) responded to a questionnaire that included measures of dietary behaviour, psychological well-being and mental distress. RESULTS In logistic regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, school level, school types, Body Mass Index, physical activity, and substance use, positive dietary behaviours (regular breakfast, fruit, vegetable, and milk consumption) were positively and unhealthy dietary behaviours (intake of caffeine, soft drinks, sweet drinks and fast food consumption) were negatively associated with self-reported health, happiness and sleep satisfaction. Positive dietary behaviours (regular breakfast, fruit, vegetable, and milk consumption) were negatively associated with perceived stress and depression symptoms. Unhealthy dietary behaviours (consumption of fast food, caffeine, sweetened drinks and soft drinks) were associated with perceived stress and depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The study found strong cross-sectional evidence that healthy dietary behaviours were associated with lower mental distress and higher psychological well-being. It remains unclear, if a healthier dietary behaviour is the cause or the sequela of a more positive well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seo Ah Hong
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand.,Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lyzwinski LN, Caffery L, Bambling M, Edirippulige S. A Systematic Review of Electronic Mindfulness-Based Therapeutic Interventions for Weight, Weight-Related Behaviors, and Psychological Stress. Telemed J E Health 2017; 24:173-184. [PMID: 28885896 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2017.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent research indicates that mindfulness-based interventions are effective for stress, maladaptive weight-related behaviors, and weight loss. Little is presently known about their applicability and effectiveness when delivered electronically, including through Web-based and mobile device media. The primary aims of this review were to identify what types of electronic mindfulness-based interventions have been undertaken for stress, maladaptive weight-related behaviors, and weight loss, and to assess their overall effectiveness. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases was undertaken in June 2016. RESULTS A total of 21 studies were identified that met inclusion criteria and were selected in the final review. Of these, 19 were mindfulness-based interventions for stress reduction. Two were Web-based mindful eating/intuitive eating interventions for weight. Only one electronic mindfulness-based study was identified that targeted both stress and maladaptive weight-related behaviors. Most electronic interventions were effective for stress reduction N = 14/19 (74%). There were insufficient electronic mindfulness-based interventions for weight to determine if they were effective or not. Additionally, no mobile mindfulness-based intervention was identified for weight or weight-related behaviors. CONCLUSION Electronic mindfulness-based interventions through diverse media appear to be effective for stress reduction. More studies are needed that target weight and weight-related behaviors as well as studies that target both stress and weight. More randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assess mobile mindfulness-based apps are needed as we only identified four app trials for stress. Mobile mindfulness-based interventions for weight and weight-related behaviors are a future area of research novelty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette Nathalie Lyzwinski
- 1 Centers for Online Health, University of Queensland , School of Medicine, Woolloongabba, Australia .,2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland , School of Medicine, Herston, Australia
| | - Liam Caffery
- 1 Centers for Online Health, University of Queensland , School of Medicine, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Matthew Bambling
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland , School of Medicine, Herston, Australia
| | - Sisira Edirippulige
- 1 Centers for Online Health, University of Queensland , School of Medicine, Woolloongabba, Australia
| |
Collapse
|