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Rahman M, Kabir MHMI, Sultana S, Shimu AT, Griffiths MD. Suicidal behaviours and associated factors among medical students in Bangladesh: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis (2000-2024). BMJ Open 2024; 14:e083720. [PMID: 38964798 PMCID: PMC11227789 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicidal behaviour is common among medical students, and the prevalence rates might vary across various regions. Even though various systematic reviews have been conducted to assess suicidal behaviours among medical students in general, no review has ever assessed or carried out a sub-analysis to show the burden of suicidal behaviours among Bangladeshi medical students. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The research team will search the PubMed (Medline), Scopus, PsycINFO and Google Scholar databases for papers published between January 2000 and May 2024 using truncated and phrase-searched keywords and relevant subject headings. Cross-sectional studies, case series, case reports and cohort studies published in English will be included in the review. Review papers, commentaries, preprints, meeting abstracts, protocols and letters will be excluded. Two reviewers will screen the retrieved papers independently. Disagreements between two reviewers will be resolved by a third reviewer. Exposure will be different factors that initiate suicidal behaviours among medical students. The prevalence of suicidal behaviours (suicidal ideation, suicide plans and suicide attempts) in addition to the factors responsible, and types of suicide method will be extracted. Narrative synthesis and meta-analysis will be conducted and the findings will be summarised. For enhanced visualisation of the included studies, forest plots will be constructed. Heterogeneity among the studies will be assessed and sensitivity analysis will be conducted based on study quality. Included studies will be critically appraised using Joanna Briggs's Institutional critical appraisal tools developed for different study designs. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study will synthesise evidence extracted from published studies. As the review does not involve the collection of primary data, ethical approval will not be required. Findings will be disseminated orally (eg, conferences, webinars) and in writing (ie, journal paper). PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CDR 42023493595.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantaka Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- MSc Student, Applied Statistics and Data Science, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M H M Imrul Kabir
- Department of Mathematical and Physical Science (MPS), East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sharmin Sultana
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mark D Griffiths
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Williams SE, Ginty AT. A stress-is-enhancing mindset is associated with lower traumatic stress symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024; 37:293-304. [PMID: 37968945 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2282092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A stress-is-enhancing mindset is associated with lower perceived stress and better coping. However, work examining the prospective associations of stress mindset on perceived traumatic stress symptoms during a stressful real-world life event is limited. The present prospective study explored whether stress-is-enhancing mindset measured before the onset of the COVID-19 global pandemic was associated with later traumatic stress symptoms in response to the COVID-19 global pandemic. METHODS University students (N = 179; 68% female; Mage = 19.31, SD = 0.79 years) completed the Stress Mindset Measure (SMM) prior to COVID-19 pandemic onset as part of a larger study. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic was completed 1 year into the pandemic. RESULTS SMM negatively predicted the IES-R subscales intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal such that a more stress-is-enhancing mindset was associated with lower intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal following the onset of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest a more positive stress mindset is associated with fewer traumatic stress symptoms following a traumatic life event. Altering stress mindset may be an avenue for future interventions to cope with stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Williams
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Annie T Ginty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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Mehmood K, Suhail A, Kautish P, Hakeem MM, Rashid M. Turning Lemons into Lemonade: Social Support as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Technostress and Quality of Life Among University Students. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:989-1006. [PMID: 38495088 PMCID: PMC10941796 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s448989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The overuse of internet-based technologies as a means of coping with the stress they generate has resulted in an alarming level of addiction, adversely impacting the quality of life and overall health of younger individuals. This social detachment, in turn, contributes to both physical and mental health deterioration. The potential remedy for this predicament lies in the application of social support as an antidote to internet addiction. In this context, our present study employs the Stress-Strain-Outcome model to explore the indirect effects of internet addiction and the moderating role of social support in relation to the influence of technostress on the quality of life of adults. Methods We adopted a time-lagged design to collect data from university graduates and evaluated our study hypotheses using Mplus. Results Our empirical findings highlight the significant influence of technostress on internet addiction, with the latter significantly mediating the relationship between technostress and quality of life. Furthermore, our results reveal that social support effectively moderates the indirect effects of technostress on quality of life through its impact on internet addiction. Conclusion These findings can help researchers and educators better understand the underlying mechanisms between technostress and quality of life with social support as the silver lining. This form of social support holds the potential not only to alleviate internet addiction but also to positively enhance the quality of life and overall wellbeing of individuals facing these challenges. The implications of these findings and avenues for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Mehmood
- Research Center of Hubei Micro & Small Enterprises Development, School of Economics and Management, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aamir Suhail
- Department of Management and Leadership, Business School, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Pradeep Kautish
- Department of Marketing, Institute of Management, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Md Rashid
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
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Paez DC, Cortés-Corrales S, Jimenez-Mora MA, Gutiérrez A, Arango-Paternina CM, Duperly J. Health-related fitness in medical students: a curricular intervention in Bogota, Colombia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:320. [PMID: 38287350 PMCID: PMC10826255 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of a curricular intervention to promote health-related fitness (HRF) among medical students in Bogota, Colombia. METHOD The study was conducted between May 2014 and December 2015 as part of the medical physiology course, in which 208 medical students were enrolled.The curricular intervention included two lectures on physical activity (PA) and student-led group presentations on the physiological effects of exercise on human physiology. An academic incentive (10% of final grade) was given to students who reported and documented regular PA practice during the semester. This study assessed students' HRF variables, perceptions of the curriculum intervention, and PA practices using quantitative and qualitative approaches. RESULTS 55% of the students were female, with a mean age of 19.5 years. Body fat, estimated maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), handgrip, and sit-up strength showed statistically significant improvements at the end of the intervention. Students reported that PA practice was positively influenced by the curriculum intervention, particularly the academic incentive and the HRF tests. Students reported a wide variety of PA practices, which were mainly done with friends, classmates, or family members. Lack of time was the main reported barrier to PA practice. CONCLUSION The curricular intervention was effective in improving HRF and promoting PA. It remains to be investigated whether these gains are sustained over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Paez
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | | | | | - Agustín Gutiérrez
- Department of Social Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos M Arango-Paternina
- Instituto Universitario de Educación Física y Deportes, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - John Duperly
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Institute of Exercise Medicine and Rehabilitation, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
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Otto A, Jarvers I, Kandsperger S, Reichl C, Ando A, Koenig J, Kaess M, Brunner R. Stress-induced alterations in resting-state functional connectivity among adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:162-171. [PMID: 37437722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a major mental health problem among youth worldwide. Dysfunction in emotion regulation contributes to NSSI, but research on the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of NSSI is limited. Adolescents with emotion regulation difficulties are vulnerable to stress, making them susceptible to maladaptive coping mechanisms such as NSSI. METHODS This study examined the functional neurocircuitry relevant to emotion regulation and stress coping in individuals with NSSI compared with healthy controls. This case-control study included 34 adolescents with NSSI (15.91 years) and 28 (16.0 years) unaffected controls. Participants underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan before and after completing a laboratory stress-induction paradigm (the Montreal Imaging Stress Test). The effects of stress induction were quantified by both physiological measures and self-reports. RESULTS Participants with NSSI showed distinctive alterations in functional resting-state following stress induction, which differentiated them from unaffected controls. Results show a reduction in functional connectivity between frontoparietal regions and the angular gyrus within the patient group compared to controls, as well as an increase in functional connectivity between visual regions, the insular cortex, the planum polare, and the central opercular cortex. After conditions of acute stress, adolescents with NSSI show changes in functional connectivity of regions associated with sensorimotor alertness, attention, and effortful emotion regulation. LIMITATIONS The patient group showed both NSSI and suicidal behavior, therefore results might be partly due to suicidality. CONCLUSION The findings emphasize the importance of targeting emotion regulation within therapeutic approaches to enhance stress coping capacity, which in turn may contribute to counteracting self-injurious behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Otto
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Irina Jarvers
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kandsperger
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Reichl
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ayaka Ando
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Romuald Brunner
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Jia Q, Qu Y, Huo H, Yin H, Jiang M, You D. Chronic stress and turnover intention of resident physicians after experiencing COVID-19. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:707. [PMID: 37759300 PMCID: PMC10537431 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04681-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have explored the stress and turnover intention of healthcare workers, but as important backup talents in the healthcare system, resident physicians have received little attention from researchers, especially after experiencing COVID-19. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the chronic stress and turnover intention of resident physicians after experiencing COVID-19. METHODS From June to August 2022, we conducted a questionnaire survey on resident physicians in the Children's Hospital of Hebei Province through the online platform (Wenjuanxing) to evaluate their chronic stress and turnover intention after experiencing COVID-19. For the collected data, we used frequency and percentage to make the statistical description, the Chi-square test to make a univariate analysis on the scores of chronic stress and turnover intention scale, and binary logistic regression analysis to explore the influencing factors of turnover intention. RESULTS Out of 143 respondents, we finally received 127 questionnaires, with a response rate of 88.81%. Among 127 respondents, 80.31% of resident physicians experienced varying degrees of chronic stress (mild: 36.22%, moderate: 35.43%, severe: 8.66%), and 74.80% of resident physicians showed varying degrees of turnover intention (mild: 23.62%, moderate: 37.79%, severe: 13.39%). Moreover, age (OR = 0.772, P = 0.042), identity (OR = 8.648, P = 0.021), and chronic stress levels (mild: OR = 6.938, P = 0.003; moderate: OR = 44.049, P < 0.003; severe: OR = 46.141, P = 0.004) can significantly affect turnover intention. CONCLUSION In this study, we reported a relatively high proportion of resident physicians with high chronic stress and high turnover intention after experiencing COVID-19. We suggest that the relevant departments should pay more attention to the resident physicians' group and formulate corresponding measures to solve the problems faced by the resident physicians and ensure the stability of the health human resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Jia
- Organization and Personnel Department, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Scientific research division, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huisheng Huo
- Scientific research division, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongxia Yin
- Human resources department, Affiliated hospital of north Sichuan medical college, Nanchong, China
| | - Meijun Jiang
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dianping You
- Party and Government Integrated Office, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Li L, Zhu M, Yao A, Yang J, Yang L. Daily stress, and mental health of professional degree graduate students in Chinese traditional medicine universities: the mediating role of learning career adaptation. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:627. [PMID: 37661266 PMCID: PMC10476438 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04614-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the expansion of professional degree graduate students' enrollment in China education, the mental health of these professional degree graduate students in medical-related majors who are under pressure of study, scientific research, clinical practice, and employment should not be ignored. What is the mental health level of these graduate students under the effect of learning career adaptation (internal resources) in the face of daily stress (external factors)? The purpose of this study is to discuss the relationship between these variables, and the mediating role of learning career adaptation of professional degree graduate students in traditional Chinese medicine colleges, and universities, to provide a theoretical basis for improving the learning career adaptation of students, and improving the level of mental health. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1593 professional degree graduate students majoring in clinical medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, and nursing in five traditional Chinese medicine universities. Finally, 660 questionnaires were returned, with a recovery rate of 41.43%. The scores of daily stress, learning career adaptation, and mental health were measured by Daily Stressors Scale for graduate students, graduate-students learning career adaptation scale, and General Mental Health Questionnaire (GHQ-20). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the status quo of daily stress, learning career adaptation, and mental health. Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the relationship between them. we undertake analyses using structural equation modeling to construct the latent variable path model of daily stress, learning career adaptation on mental health. The significance level of the mediating effect was tested by the non-parametric percentile bootstrap method. RESULTS The scores of mental health, daily stress, and learning career adaptation were 50.56 ± 10.80, 35.12 ± 19.55, and 67.13 ± 7.48 respectively. Daily stress was negatively correlated with the three dimensions of learning career adaptation: career confidence, focus on his career, and career control (P < 0.01). Daily stress was positively correlated with depression and anxiety (P < 0.01). Self-affirmation, depression, and anxiety were negatively correlated with career confidence, focus on his career, and career control (P < 0.05). Learning career adaptation plays a partial mediating role between daily stress, and mental health (p < 0.001), with an intermediate effect value of 0.127, representing 28.54% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS Mental health, learning career adaption of medical-related professional degree graduate students in traditional Chinese medical universities were at a moderate degree, and an upper-middle level respectively, while daily stress is to a lesser extent. Learning career adaptation mediates the relationship between daily stress, and mental health partially. To some extent, it can buffer the impact of daily stress on mental health, especially anxiety. The educational administrator could take various measures to improve the mental health of professional degree graduate students. It can also enhance their learning career adaptation from the perspective of individuals, and organizations to improve their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Shuren University, 8 Shuren Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310053, China
| | - Mingling Zhu
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Bin-wen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310053, China
| | - Anling Yao
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Bin-wen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310053, China
| | - Jialu Yang
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Shuren University, 8 Shuren Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310053, China
| | - Lili Yang
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Bin-wen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310053, China.
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Minshew LM, Bensky HP, Zeeman JM. There's no time for no stress! Exploring the relationship between pharmacy student stress and time use. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:279. [PMID: 37095464 PMCID: PMC10124683 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health professions students experience significantly more stress than students 20 years ago. While prior studies have explored student time use and other studies have begun to explore factors influencing student stress, little is known about the relationship between student time use and stress. As more efforts are employed to promote student wellness and better understand student stress, it is imperative to recognize the implications of time as a finite resource. Thus, it is important to understand if and how time use relates to student stress so the two can be better managed. METHODS A mixed methods approach exploring the challenge-hindrance stressor framework was used to collect and analyze student stress and time use. First, second, and third year pharmacy students were invited to participate. Participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS10), a week-long daily time logging activity, and daily stress questionnaire. After the week-long daily time logging, students participated in a semi-structured focus group. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data, and inductive coding along with creation of summary reports were created for the qualitative data. RESULTS Students reported moderate stress on the PSS10, and spending the majority of their time on activities of daily life and academic activities. Students shared that academics, co-curriculars, and working for pay increased their stress, whereas discretionary activities such as socializing and exercising alleviated stress. Finally, students reported feeling overwhelmed due to too little time to complete all necessary activities daily, including limited time to invest in discretionary activities to support their wellbeing. CONCLUSIONS Increased stress levels among students is a concerning trend that affects students' mental health and therefore limits their ability to perform to their greatest potential. Better understanding of the relationship between time use and stress is critical to improve the quality of life of students in the health professions. These findings provide critical insight into factors contributing towards student stress that can inform curricular strategies that support wellness within health professions education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana M. Minshew
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Institute for the Transformation of Medical Education and the Department of Clinical Sciences in the School of Pharmacy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
| | - Hannah P. Bensky
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Jacqueline M. Zeeman
- Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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Lee KC, Huang R, Tal IR, Downs N, Zisook S. Comparison of Suicidal Ideation and Depressive Symptoms Between Medical and Pharmacy Students. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2023; 87:ajpe8881. [PMID: 35470169 PMCID: PMC10159499 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective. The purpose of the study was to compare suicidal ideation among medical and pharmacy students and characterize related symptoms.Methods. The authors conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective study to compare suicidal ideation among medical and pharmacy students at a single public university during 2009 to 2020. Respondents' voluntary and anonymous responses to the Interactive Screening Program (ISP) Stress and Depression Questionnaire are reported.Results. The authors analyzed responses from 619 medical and 214 pharmacy students collected over 11 academic years. There was no significant difference between medical and pharmacy students who endorsed suicidal ideation (13.5% vs 17.3%, respectively). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores were significantly different between medical and pharmacy students, with more pharmacy students reporting moderate to severe depression (24.3% for medical vs 35.1% for pharmacy). Compared to medical students, more pharmacy students also endorsed anhedonia, a reduced capacity for pleasure (13.4% vs 24.3%, respectively), sleep problems (29.6% vs 42.6%, respectively), and fatigue (46% vs 64.4%, respectively). Pharmacy students also reported more intense affective states such as "feeling your life is too stressful" and "feeling intensely anxious or having anxiety attacks." Relationships and physical/mental health/substance abuse were common themes that emerged from the qualitative data.Conclusion. While there was no significant difference in suicidal ideation between pharmacy and medical students, the prevalence is alarming compared to the general population. More pharmacy students endorsed symptoms of depression and intense affective states that could impair functioning. Future studies may focus on mitigation strategies for suicidal ideation among health professions students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Lee
- University of California San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, California
| | - Robin Huang
- VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California
| | - Ilanit R Tal
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Nancy Downs
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Sidney Zisook
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
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Qiu H, Lu H, Pei J, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Xing C, Wang X, Zhu X. Effects of chronic stress on smartphone addiction: A moderated mediation model. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1048210. [PMID: 36741954 PMCID: PMC9895953 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1048210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Based on the compensatory Internet use theory and diathesis-stress model, the present study explores the effects of chronic stress on smartphone addiction (SPA). As intolerance of uncertainty and emotion-related variables are important factors that affect addictive behavior, we explore the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty and the moderating role of emotion differentiation. Methods We conducted a questionnaire survey of 286 participants (13.64% female; M age = 22.88; SD = 3.77; range = 17-39) on chronic stress, SPA, intolerance of uncertainty, and emotion differentiation. SPSS 28.0 was used to analyze the descriptive statistics and correlations and test the moderated mediation model. Results We find that (1) intolerance of uncertainty, SPA, and chronic stress are positively correlated with each other. Positive emotion differentiation is positively correlated with intolerance of uncertainty and negative emotion differentiation. (2) Intolerance of uncertainty plays a mediating role in chronic stress and SPA. (3) Positive emotion differentiation significantly moderates the relationship between chronic stress and SPA. Under the condition of low positive emotion differentiation, chronic stress is more effective in predicting SPA. Discussion These findings may contribute to intervention and prevention programs for SPA. Thus, the intervention and prevention of SPA can start from two directions-reduce the intolerance of uncertainty and enhance the ability to experience positive emotion differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huake Qiu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'An, China
| | - Hongliang Lu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'An, China
| | - Jiawei Pei
- Outpatient Department, 969 Hospital of PLA, Hohhot, China
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'An, China
| | - Yongjie Ma
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'An, China
| | - Chen Xing
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'An, China
| | - Xinlu Wang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'An, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'An, China,*Correspondence: Xia Zhu ✉
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Gerbarg PL, Cruz-Cordero YL, Conte VA, García ME, Braña A, Estape ES, Brown RP. Breath-Body-Mind Core Techniques to Manage Medical Student Stress. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT 2023; 10:23821205231212056. [PMID: 37953880 PMCID: PMC10637144 DOI: 10.1177/23821205231212056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This pilot study evaluated the feasibility of a live, interactive, synchronous, online, manualized intervention, Breath-Body-Mind Introductory Course (BBM-IC), for medical students. BBM-IC includes breathing, movement, and attention-focus techniques for stress management and better emotion regulation, energy, sleep, and mental focus. Methods Medical students attending a 2-h BBM demonstration were invited to participate in the 12-h BBM-IC and weekly 45-min 6-week group practice. Measures were obtained using Survey Monkey: patient health questionnaire (PHQ9), generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7), exercise-induced feeling inventory (EFI), sleep quality scale (SQS), and body perception questionnaire-short form (BPQ-SF) at pre-BBM-IC (T1), post-BBM-IC (T2), and 6 weeks post (T3). Perceived stress scale (PSS) and meditation practices questionnaire (MPQ) were measured at baseline (T1) only. Results Twelve medical students participated in BBM-IC 4-h daily for 3 days. Six attended practice sessions and completed 6-week post-tests. Mean scores comparison identified two variable sets with significant improvements: EFI tranquility (p < .005) and supradiaphragmatic reactivity (p < .040). Two measures reached near significance: SQS (p ≤ .060) and PHQ9 (p ≤ .078). Conclusion This pilot study provided preliminary evidence that BBM-IC may reduce stress and anxiety symptoms while improving mood, energy, mental focus, and other correlates of psychophysiological state in medical students. Taking time for self-care is challenging for medical students, as reflected in the small study enrollment. Designating time for BBM as a requirement within the medical curriculum would probably enable more students to participate and acquire skills to reduce the effects of stress on their physical and psychological health, as well as the health of their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaidy L Cruz-Cordero
- Student Programs Coordination Office, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | - Vincent A Conte
- Frank G. Zarb School of Business, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Martha E García
- Health Humanities Program, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | - Angel Braña
- Student Programs Coordination Office, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | - Estela S Estape
- Research Center, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | - Richard P Brown
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA
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12
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Köslich-Strumann S, Strumann C, Voltmer E. Influence of students' personality on their leisure behaviour choices and moderating effects on their academic efficacy: An exploratory study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280462. [PMID: 36638104 PMCID: PMC9838833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying can be very stressful leading to a decreased academic efficacy. In this exploratory longitudinal study, we analysed a wide range of students' leisure activities and their effects on students' academic efficacy. Further, we identified the personality types of students who choose specific leisure activities as a strategy to stress reduction and determined how the use of leisure behaviours affects academic performance among students with different personality types. Students were asked about their personality (Neo-FFI), leisure time behaviour (self-generated items), and academic efficacy (MBI-SS) at three measurement points. Multivariate regression analyses were applied to estimate the moderation effects. In total, 331 students were included in the study. Social activities were found to have a direct effect on academic efficacy. The students' personality moderated the effects of leisure behaviour on efficacy, suggesting a negative effect on academic efficacy for some personality traits. Since our results suggest that the effectiveness of stress management through the use of leisure behaviour depends on the students' personality, universities offering stress management services should pay attention to precise targeting to attract the specific students who might benefit the most from the offered services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susen Köslich-Strumann
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Christoph Strumann
- Institute of Family Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Edgar Voltmer
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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13
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Yu YK, Yao ZY, Wei YX, Kou CG, Yao B, Sun WJ, Li SY, Fung K, Jia CX. Depressive Symptoms as a Mediator between Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Suicidal Ideation among Chinese College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16334. [PMID: 36498403 PMCID: PMC9736464 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to verify the mediating role of depressive symptoms between excessive daytime sleepiness and suicidal ideation in college students. Of the 6944 participants, 2609 (37.6%) were male and 4335 (62.4%) were female. College students with excessive daytime sleepiness (p < 0.001) and those with depressive symptoms (p < 0.001) were more likely to have suicidal ideation. Moreover, both excessive daytime sleepiness (β = 0.14, 95% CI: 1.01−1.32) and depressive symptoms (β = 1.47, 95% CI: 3.80−5.00) were associated with suicidal ideation. The effect size of the mediating role of depressive symptoms in excessive daytime sleepiness to suicidal ideation was 50.41% for the entire sample, 58.33% for males, and 42.98% for females. Depressive symptoms partially mediated the relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness and suicidal ideation. The timely assessment of depressive symptoms in college students with excessive daytime sleepiness, and intervention, may reduce their risk of suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Kun Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yan-Xin Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chang-Gui Kou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Student Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Wen-Jun Sun
- Student Work Office, College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Su-Yun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kenneth Fung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst St. 9 EW, Toronto, ON M5T2S8, Canada
| | - Cun-Xian Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
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Zarate D, Sonn C, Fisher A, Stavropoulos V. Suicidal behaviors in the entertainment industry: a preliminary exploration of the interplay between work scheduling, social support, and wellbeing in Australia. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:754. [PMID: 36456910 PMCID: PMC9714765 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Workers of the Australian entertainment industry exhibit disproportionately high rates of impaired psychological wellbeing and suicidal behaviors, with such rates being exacerbated by the negative impact of working long and odd hours (Work Scheduling Impact; WSI). Nonetheless, stable and secure social support networks may buffer the risks associated with such systemic difficulties. METHODS The responses of 1302 Australian entertainment industry workers (50.3% females, Mage 38.39 years) on the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Short Form Health Survey, WSI, and suicidal behaviors questions were examined via moderation analyses. RESULTS Higher social support and lower WSI appeared to reduce the suicidal ideation of those experiencing poorer mental health, while lower WSI further enhanced social support's positive effect. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the likely detrimental effect of WSI regarding the suicidal ideation reported by vulnerable Australian entertainment industry workers and stress the importance of the social support they experience. PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS Interventions attempting to increase social support could improve inherent conditions associated with the Australian entertainment industry. Similarly, the negative effect of working long and odd hours on workers' mental health and suicidal behaviors indicates the need to regulate the industry appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zarate
- grid.1019.90000 0001 0396 9544Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher Sonn
- grid.1019.90000 0001 0396 9544Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adrian Fisher
- grid.1019.90000 0001 0396 9544Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vasileios Stavropoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. .,University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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15
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McWeeney M. Association Between Stress and Program Length in Underrepresented Minority Physician Assistant Students. J Physician Assist Educ 2022; 33:336-340. [PMID: 36409245 DOI: 10.1097/jpa.0000000000000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a relationship between physician assistant (PA) program length and stress measures in PA students, particularly PA students classified as underrepresented minorities in medicine. The stress measures included emotional and physical well-being. METHODS The 2019 End of Program survey data were analyzed using multiple regression to determine if emotional and physical well-being could be predicted by PA program length, age, gender, PA school debt, and UR minority in medicine status. RESULTS Shorter PA programs were associated with higher physical well-being scores, although there was no difference between UR minority in medicine and non-UR minority in medicine students. Older students, males, and students with higher levels of PA school debt had lower scores for emotional and physical well-being. DISCUSSION Shorter program lengths should be considered for optimal physical well-being in all students. Further research is needed to understand optimal program length and experiences of these students .
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle McWeeney
- Michelle McWeeney, PhD, PA-C, is an assistant professor for the Seton Hall University Physician Assistant Program in Nutley, New Jersey
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16
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Carmichael-Murphy P, Demkowicz O, Humphrey N. Gender operationalisation and stress measurement in research with adolescent males: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2082. [PMCID: PMC9664422 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Stress measurement in adolescent males is in its relative infancy, which is likely to influence the effectiveness of mental health services for this heterogeneous population. Although evidence suggests the prevalence of mental health difficulties increases during adolescence, the relationship between gender and stress measurement is less explored or understood. This review summarizes findings on gender operationalisation and stress measurement in research with adolescent males.
Methods
For this scoping review, six electronic databases across social and life sciences were searched using terms linked to adolescence, male, stress and research design. Articles were screened, data were extracted, and a narrative synthesis used to characterise studies by research design, adaptation of method for participants’ cultural context, operationalisation of gender, and measurement of stress.
Results
Searches identified 3259 citations, 95 met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Findings suggest that research on psychological stress in adolescence is a developing field, but one that is currently dominated by Western studies. Furthermore, the results indicate that stress measurement research with adolescent males tends not to make adaptations relative to participants' gender, age, or context.
Conclusions
Stress research with adolescent males is lacking in scope. This review highlights the need for researchers to consider stress responses as more than a biological response, as it has been conceptualised historically. Recommendations for researchers to report research design and protocol more clearly are made to support readers to understand how stress and gender have been operationalised and measured and how this may influence research methodology. Future research should avoid conflating biological differences with gendered experience and demonstrate greater sensitivity to how gender identity may intersect with age and location to perpetuate gendered inequalities.
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Sahlabadi AS, Balochkhaneh FA, Gousheh SNH, Vatani J, Eshaghzadeh M, Bidel H. Study of suicidal thoughts and intentions with regard to job stress among female medical students living in dormitory with a mental health promotion approach. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:318. [PMID: 36567993 PMCID: PMC9768708 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_660_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students are exposed to stresses which have irreversible consequences, such as suicidal ideation. The present study aimed to investigate the level of occupational stress in medical students and its relationship with the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attention among them and then provide mental health promotion approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 325 undergraduate medical students residing at the dormitory of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The sample size was determined by the census method. Osipow and Suicide Behaviors Questionnaires were used to measure job stress and suicidal ideation, respectively. The condition of entry into the study was living in the dormitory and spent at least one semester. Linear regression and logistic regression were used to examine the relationship between variables. RESULTS The mean score of occupational stress among students with a mean age of 21 (±2.18) years was 158.84 (±27.07) and 60% (n = 180) of students had high levels of stress. There was a significant relationship between age and educational level with stress level and suicidal ideation (P < 0.05). They had the highest effect on stress (P = 0.031) and suicidal ideation (P = 0.001), respectively, among students. High level of stress was 11.829 times more likely to have suicidal thoughts than low-stress level (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Stress and suicidal ideation are much higher in students of lower semesters and lower ages than students with higher semesters. Students should learn how and with what approach to control and manage exposure to stressors. Measures such as holding stress management training courses as well as managing stressful situations are among the effective measures in improving mental health and reducing stress levels and its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Salehi Sahlabadi
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Abbasi Balochkhaneh
- Student research committee, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Javad Vatani
- Department of Occupational Health, Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maliheh Eshaghzadeh
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Hamideh Bidel
- Student research committee, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Eskin M, Baydar N. Do neoliberal values provide a fertile soil for suicidal ideation? J Affect Disord 2022; 314:349-356. [PMID: 35872247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Values associated with neoliberal ideologies are blamed for damaging the social fabric. They may also have deleterious effects on suicidal ideation. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether neoliberal values were associated with the risk for suicidal ideation through a set of mediating factors (suicide stigma, help-seeking attitudes, perceived stress, and suicide acceptability). METHODS A total of 508 (249 female) adults from the U.S. responded to a self-administered questionnaire that contained measures of suicidal ideation, neoliberal values, suicide stigma, help-seeking attitudes, perceived stress, and suicide acceptability. We tested a path model that linked neoliberal values to suicidal ideation through multiple mediators. We tested total versus partial mediation models. RESULTS We found empirical evidence for a full mediation of the association of neoliberal values with perceived stress. Neoliberal values were associated with suicide stigma; suicide stigma was associated with negative attitudes towards help-seeking, which, in turn, were associated with high levels of perceived stress. The association of neoliberal values with suicide acceptability was partially mediated. Perceived stress was positively associated with suicide risk directly and indirectly through suicide acceptability. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that values related to neoliberal ideologies prepare a context that fosters the risk for suicide. For a contextualized understanding of suicidal behavior, more research is needed that explores the role of social, cultural, political, and economic ideologies in the suicidal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Eskin
- Koc University, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Psychology, Istanbul, Turkey(1).
| | - Nazli Baydar
- Koc University, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Psychology, Istanbul, Turkey(1)
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Changes in Perceived Stress of Pharmacy Students Pre- and Mid-COVID-19 Pandemic. PHARMACY 2022; 10:pharmacy10050114. [PMID: 36136847 PMCID: PMC9498766 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy10050114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to examine (1) the difference in perceived stress in first-year pharmacy students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) the difference in perceived stress among pharmacy students working different numbers of hours. Methods: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), via an electronic survey, was administered throughout 2016–2021 using Qualtrics. End-of-year PSS scores were compared between the pre-pandemic group (2016–2018) and mid-pandemic group (2019–2021) using independent t-test and ANCOVA. All analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistic Version 28.0. Results: A total of 209 first-year pharmacy students participated (response rate of 88%). No significant difference in mean PSS score was detected in the mid-pandemic cohort when compared to pre-pandemic. The mean PSS score was greater in those who worked greater than 10 h weekly compared to those who worked less. Those who did not work had an even greater mean PSS score than those who worked. Conclusions: No significant difference was observed in perceived stress between the pre-pandemic and mid-pandemic cohorts, and an increased perceived stress score was observed in pharmacy students who did not work in comparison to students who worked 1–9 h and 10–29 h.
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Garg S, Chauhan A, Singh S, Bansal K. Epidemiological risk factors of suicidal behavior and effects of the components of coping strategies on suicidal behavior in medical students: An institution-based cross-sectional study in India. Indian J Psychiatry 2022; 64:377-386. [PMID: 36060717 PMCID: PMC9435614 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_407_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal behavior in medical students can be triggered by mental stresses and adoption of poor coping strategies, and might have a negative impact on their quality of life. AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of suicidal behavior, and effects of the components of coping strategies on suicidal behavior among medical students. METHODS An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 531 medical students for a period of two months from February to March 2021. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) scale was used to measure suicidal behavior. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on the Brief-COPE Inventory to classify the coping components. Chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression were used to determine the risk factors and their association with suicidal behavior. RESULTS A total of 104 respondents (19.6%) had reported an SBQ-R cutoff score of ≥7 and had suicidal behavior. The rate of lifetime suicidal ideation, plan and attempt was 20.3%, 10.3% and 2.3%, respectively, among medical students with one-year prevalence of suicidal ideation at 33%. The mean age of the participants was 21.26 years (standard deviation (SD) = 1.99). The identified risk factors significantly associated with higher suicidal behavior were depression (OR = 9.6), dissatisfaction with academic performances (OR = 4.9) and coping with mental disengagement (OR = 4.6), while coping with supportive strategies (OR = 0.57) was investigated as a preventive factor for the suicidal behavior. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of suicidal behavior is found to be highly alarming, revealing that depression and poor coping strategies are risk factors among medical students. The analysis recommends that quantification of the problems, treatment at an early stage and proactive student counselling to help them embrace the appropriate coping strategies should be the first steps in prevention of suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Garg
- Department of Psychiatry, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Alka Chauhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjeet Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Kirti Bansal
- Department of English Tutor, Kirori Mal College, New Delhi, India
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21
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Yang Y, Luo B, Zhao L, Liao S. Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Resilience Among Chinese Adolescents and Its Influential Factors: A Longitudinal Study. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2022; 60:31-37. [DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20220613-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Garg S, Chauhan A, Singh S, Bansal K. Epidemiological Risk Factors of Suicidal Behavior and Effects of the Components of Coping Strategies on Suicidal Behavior in Medical Students: A North-Indian Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2022; 13:382-392. [PMID: 35946011 PMCID: PMC9357490 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Mental stresses and adoption of poor coping strategies can be a cause of suicidal behavior in medical students.
Objective
The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of suicidal behavior, and effects of the components of coping strategies on suicidal behavior among medical students
Methodology
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students of a college located in North India for a period of 2 months from February to March 2021. A total of 531 study participants (calculated sample size) were selected, and then allocated proportionally to each academic year, both through stratified random sampling technique. Then, the participants were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), and coping inventory. A pretest was done to modify the coping inventory and then exploratory factor analysis was performed on it to classify the components of coping strategies. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to determine the risk factors and their association with suicidal behavior.
Results
A total of 104 (19.6%) respondents had reported SBQ-R cutoff score > 7 and had suicidal behavior. The rate of lifetime suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt was 20.3, 10.3, and 2.3%, respectively, among medical students, with 1-year prevalence of suicidal ideation at 33%. The mean age of the participants was 21.26 years (standard deviation = 1.99). The identified risk factors significantly associated with higher suicidal behavior were depression (odds ratio [OR] = 9.6), dissatisfaction with academic performances (OR = 4.9), and coping with mental disengagement (OR = 4.6), while coping with supportive strategies (OR = 0.57) was investigated as a preventive factor for the suicidal behavior.
Conclusion
The prevalence of suicidal behavior is found to be highly alarming, revealing that depression and poor coping strategies are risk factors among medical students. The analysis recommends that quantification of the problems, treatment at an early stage, and proactive student counseling to help them embrace the appropriate coping strategies, should be the first steps in prevention of suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Garg
- Department of Psychiatry, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Alka Chauhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjeet Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Kirti Bansal
- Department of Literature, Kirori Mal College, New Delhi, India
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Soares MS, Silva LCB, Vidal M, Loyez M, Facão M, Caucheteur C, Segatto MEV, Costa FM, Leitão C, Pereira SO, Santos NF, Marques CAF. Label-free plasmonic immunosensor for cortisol detection in a D-shaped optical fiber. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:3259-3274. [PMID: 35781957 PMCID: PMC9208605 DOI: 10.1364/boe.456253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Measuring cortisol levels as a stress biomarker is essential in many medical conditions associated with a high risk of metabolic syndromes such as anxiety and cardiovascular diseases, among others. One technology that has a growing interest in recent years is fiber optic biosensors that enable ultrasensitive cortisol detection. Such interest is allied with progress being achieved in basic interrogation, accuracy improvements, and novel applications. The development of improved cortisol monitoring, with a simplified manufacturing process, high reproducibility, and low cost, are challenges that these sensing mechanisms still face, and for which solutions are still needed. In this paper, a comprehensive characterization of a D-shaped fiber optic immunosensor for cortisol detection based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) enabled by gold coating is reported. Specifically, the sensor instrumentation and fabrication processes are discussed in detail, and a simulation with its complete mathematical formalism is also presented. Moreover, experimental cortisol detection tests were performed for a detection range of 0.01 to 100 ng/mL, attaining a logarithmic sensitivity of 0.65 ± 0.02 nm/log(ng/mL) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.46 ng/mL. Additionally, an investigation of signal processing is also discussed, with the main issues addressed in order to highlight the best way to extract the sensing information from the spectra measured with a D-shaped sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Soares
- i3N, Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luís C. B. Silva
- Electrical Engineering Dept., Federal University of Espírito Santo, Fernando Ferrari Avenue, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Miguel Vidal
- i3N, Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Médéric Loyez
- University of Mons, Boulevard Dolez 31, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Margarida Facão
- i3N, Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Marcelo E. V. Segatto
- Electrical Engineering Dept., Federal University of Espírito Santo, Fernando Ferrari Avenue, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Florinda M. Costa
- i3N, Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cátia Leitão
- i3N, Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia O. Pereira
- i3N, Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nuno F. Santos
- i3N, Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Chowdhury U, Suvro MAH, Farhan SMD, Uddin MJ. Depression and stress regarding future career among university students during COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266686. [PMID: 35413076 PMCID: PMC9004757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Students generally struggle to build a good career after their graduation in developing countries like Bangladesh. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, such struggle increased and faced with stress and depression. We aimed to inquire about the amplitude of depression and stress among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic regarding their future careers and to identify the factors associated with this depression and stress.
Methods
A total of 516 students at various universities participated in this cross-sectional survey. From October 2020 to February 2021, data was collected through an online survey. An e-questionnaire with socio-demographic, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) questions was created using Google Forms and distributed via Facebook, WhatsApp, and other social media platforms. The universities included into the sample were selected randomly from eight divisions of Bangladesh. Descriptive statistics and Pearson chi-square tests were carried out and the association between the risk factors and the outcome (e.g. depression and stress) was assessed by the odds ratio (OR) including 95% confidence interval (CI) obtained from the binary logistic regression model.
Results
Among 516 participants, 380 (73.6%) were male and 136 (26.4%) were female. Around 414 (80.2%) participants had mild to severe depression and 399 (77.3%) reported having low to moderately perceived stress. Female students were 2.1 (95% CI: 1.21–3.76) times more depressed and 3.6 (95% CI: 1.87–6.76) times more stressed than the counterpart. Students, who think delaying graduation due to COVID-19 will reduce the chance of getting a job, were 1.72 (95% CI: 1.07–2.76) times more depressed. Respondents, whose department offers any internship were 36% less depressed (p = 0.053), while skilled students were 46% less stressed though it was not statistically significant (p = 0.43).
Conclusion
According to our findings, there is an increasing prevalence of depression and stress among students, particularly among female students and those who do not receive job-related facilities from their institutions or who are unskilled. Universities can provide mental health programs and strive to have enough space for students to participate in internships. In addition, the government and educational institutions should work together to address the growing challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upama Chowdhury
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ahosan Habib Suvro
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Syed M. D. Farhan
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
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Amamou B, Ben Saida I, Bejar M, Messaoudi D, Gaha L, Boussarsar M. Stress, anxiety, and depression among students at the Faculty of Medicine of Sousse (Tunisia). LA TUNISIE MEDICALE 2022; 100:346-352. [PMID: 36155907 PMCID: PMC9477150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the frequency of anxious and depressive symptoms and to determine their associated factors in a population of students enrolled at the Faculty of Medicine of Sousse (Tunisia). METHODS this is a descriptive cross-sectional study that took place at the Faculty of Medicine of Sousse over the period from 09/15/2017 to 03/15/2018. An anonymous questionnaire was administered to the students in the guided teaching rooms. The assessment of anxiety and depressive symptoms was based on the Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the quality of sleep was assessed by the PSQI questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 202 medical students participated in the study. The average PSQI score was 5.62±2.87 and 47% of students had poor sleep quality (PSQI ≥ 6). Symptoms of anxiety and depression were observed in 73 (36.1%) and 45 (22.3%) students respectively. The mean HADS-A score was 9.21±4.17 and that of the HADS-D score was 7.37±4.06. In univariate analysis, the factors found to predict a high level of perceived stress were the study cycle (p=0.022) and poor quality of sleep (p 11) were the use of sleeping pills (p=0.004), the quality of sleep (p<0.001), and a high level of perceived stress (p<0.001). The high level of perceived stress was found to predict depression (p=0.006).In the multivariate analysis of variables in the present study, poor sleep quality was a factor independently related to high perceived stress in medical students (ORa=9.062 [4.247-19.334]) while being a medical student of the 1st cycle proved to be a protective factor (ORa=0.101 [0.025-0.406]). Use of sleeping pills (ORa=4.481 [1.135-17.682]), poor sleep quality (ORa=2.131 [1.081-4.203]) and high level of perceived stress (ORa=5.790 [2.444-13.716]) were factors independently related to anxiety symptoms. Female sex was a protective factor for depressive symptoms (ORa=0.440 [0.205-0.945]) while a high level of perceived stress was a factor independently related to depressive symptoms (ORa=3.429 [1.469-8.005]). HAD-A and HAD-D scores were correlated (r=0.631 ; p<0.001). CONCLUSION sleep disturbances, perceived stress, anxious and depressive symptoms are common among Tunisian medical students. Prevention strategies targeting the improvement of sleep quality and student stress management should be developed at the faculty and ministerial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badii Amamou
- 1. Service de psychiatrie de Monastir / faculté de médecine de Monastir,
| | - Imen Ben Saida
- 2. Service de réanimation médicale Farhat Hached Sousse / faculté de médecine de Sousse
| | - Maha Bejar
- 3. Service de psychiatrie de Monastir / faculté de médecine de Sfax
| | - Dorsaf Messaoudi
- 2. Service de réanimation médicale Farhat Hached Sousse / faculté de médecine de Sousse
| | - Lotfi Gaha
- 1. Service de psychiatrie de Monastir / faculté de médecine de Monastir,
| | - Mohamed Boussarsar
- 2. Service de réanimation médicale Farhat Hached Sousse / faculté de médecine de Sousse
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Cetinkaya S, Todil T, Kara M. Future anxiety and coping methods of nursing students during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28989. [PMID: 35244072 PMCID: PMC8896425 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research is to examine the methods of nursing students to deal with future anxiety and stress.It is a cross-sectional survey conducted in Turkey with 291 students in Çukurova University of Faculty of Health Sciences, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Health College and Batman University Health College Nursing Department in June 2020. Personal Data Form, Stress Coping Scale, State and Trait Anxiety Scale were sent online to students' smartphones and/or e-mails as data collection tools and it was collected this way.The mean age of the participants was 21.09 ± 2.02 (years). 78% of respondents were women. 48.4% of the participants were students of Çukurova University. It was determined that 201 (69.1%) of the participants isolated themselves during the pandemic. It was found that 171 students (58.8%) spent 23 to 24 hours at home, whereas 284 students (97.6%) spent time with their parents/siblings. 47.4% of respondents stated that they had spent the pandemic watching a series/film. 47.1% of respondents had good family relationships. 50.2% of respondents had good relationships with college friends. 74.9% of respondents said they were happy. Women's trait anxiety scale scores were higher than men's (P < .05). Men have higher problem-Oriented coping scores than women (P < .05). Significant differences were found in the Status Anxiety Scale scores and trait anxiety scale scores according to self-isolation status (P < .05). A significant difference was found in terms of state anxiety scale and trait anxiety scale according to happiness status (P < .05). The problem-based coping scores of those who were happy with the Stress Coping Scale were higher than those who were not happy (P < .05). The state anxiety scale of the students was 42.54, and the trait anxiety scale was 45.16.Nursing students' status and sustained Anxiety Scale scores were moderate. It is important for individuals to have good family and friends and to be happy in the process of the Corona Virus Disease pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tugba Todil
- Health College, Batman University, Batman, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kara
- Afşin Health College, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
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Melnyk BM, Hoying J, Hsieh AP, Buffington B, Terry A, Moore RM. Effects of a cognitive-behavioral skills building program on the mental health outcomes and healthy lifestyle behaviors of veterinary medicine students. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:789-795. [PMID: 35113803 DOI: 10.2460/javma.21.03.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of a cognitive-behavioral skills building program (ie, MINDSTRONG; The Ohio State University) on the mental health outcomes and healthy lifestyle beliefs and behaviors of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) students. Sample DVM students (n = 62) before beginning their program at a large public Midwest land-grant university. Procedures All 171 incoming DVM students (class of 2024) were required to take the cognitive-behavioral skills building program (7 weeks in length) before starting their 2020 school year. Students were given the option to consent to the study portion of the program. Consenting participants completed a pre- and postsurvey containing demographic questions and 5 valid and reliable scales, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 that assesses depressive symptoms, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 that evaluates anxiety, the Brief Inventory of Perceived Stress that measures stress, and the Healthy Lifestyle Beliefs and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors scales. Descriptive statistics described sample characteristics, paired t tests assessed changes over time in the outcomes Personal Wellness Assessment, and Cohen's d determined effect sizes. Results 62 DVM students completed both surveys. Postintervention, students had significant improvements in depressive symptoms, anxiety, and healthy lifestyle beliefs and behaviors. Clinical Relevance Although this study used a small convenience sample of DVM students from a single university, a cognitive-behavioral skills building program demonstrated the ability to decrease rates of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation and improve healthy lifestyle beliefs and behaviors. Requiring DVM students to participate in such programming could provide benefit during their professional education and throughout their careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette M Melnyk
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | | | - Ayanna Terry
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Rustin M Moore
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Ruzhenkova V, Khamskaya I, Gomelak Y. Depression in medical students: prevalence, dynamics and comorbidity. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:7-11. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20221220627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Castro-Osorio R, Maldonado-Avendaño N, Cardona-Gómez P. Proposal for a Model of Suicidal Ideation in Medical Students in Colombia: A Simulation Study. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 51:17-24. [PMID: 35216953 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Suicidal behaviour is a global public health problem, and one population group with high prevalence rates is medical students, especially in the ideation component. Various models have tried to explain it, but there are few inferential studies in the Colombian population. The structural equation models used in controlled social sciences to explain this problem and their analytical power allow generalisations to be made with a certain degree of precision. These analyses require a large amount of data for robust estimation, which limits their usability when there are restrictions to access the data, as is the case today due to Covid-19, and a question that stands out in these models is the evaluation of the fit. Through a set of 1,200 simulated data, an appropriate model fit was found (x5242 = 1.732,300, p < 0,001, CFI = 0.97, GFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.04[0.042-o.046], SRMR = 0.06) for the predictors of depression and perceived burdensomeness, which were analysed using the JASP program. The role of thwarted belongingness is discussed, as well as the appropriateness of the assessment instrument used to evaluate it an considerations regarding suicidal ideation monitoring, evaluation and intervention in medical students.
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Haddad C, Zakhour M, Sacre H, Eid N, Wehbé G, Farha J, Azar J, Obeid S, Hallit S. Variation of psychological and anthropometrics measures before and after dieting and factors associated with body dissatisfaction and quality of life in a Lebanese clinical sample. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:189. [PMID: 34852828 PMCID: PMC8638338 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The primary objective of this study was to assess a change in the psychological states (stress, self-esteem, anxiety and depression), anthropometric measurements and physical/mental quality of life before and after diet in a sample of Lebanese subjects visiting a diet clinic. The secondary objectives included the evaluation of factors associated with body dissatisfaction, mental and physical quality of life (QOL) before the intervention of the diet program and the change in quality of life after this intervention among those participants. Methods This cross-sectional study, conducted between May and August 2018, enrolled 62 participants recruited from three diet clinics. The QOL was measured using the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) and the psychological states was measured using the following scales: The Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Results A significant reduction in body dissatisfaction, anxiety, waist, weight and body fat and a significant increase in the physical and mental quality of life was seen after diet compared to before it (p < 0.001 for all). No significant variation in perceived stress (p = 0.072), self-esteem (p = 0.885), and depression (p = 0.353) after diet were found. Higher BMI (β = 0.440) and higher anxiety (β = 0.132) were associated with higher body dissatisfaction scores, whereas higher self-esteem (β = − 0.818) was significantly associated with lower body dissatisfaction. Higher perceived stress (β = − 0.711), higher body dissatisfaction (β = − 0.480) and being a female (β = − 4.094) were associated with lower mental QOL. Higher Physical Activity Index was significantly associated with higher mental and physical QOL (β = 0.086 and β = 0.123 respectively). Conclusion The results indicate the effectiveness of diet programs in enhancing the quality of life, psychological and anthropometric measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadia Haddad
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon. .,INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France. .,INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Maha Zakhour
- Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Georgie Wehbé
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University (USJ), Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Jocelyne Azar
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique Et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon. .,Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
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El-Khodary B, Alshawamreh S, Salah MA, Hamada A, Alhendawi B, Alhabil M, Alemour Y, Zaqout H, Wadi EA. The relationship between stress, trait emotional intelligence and mental health amongst Gaza’s basic-year medical students during the COVID-19 outbreak. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2021. [PMCID: PMC8488321 DOI: 10.1186/s43045-021-00146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigates the relationship between exposure to stress, trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) and mental health problems (anxiety and depression symptoms) amongst basic-year medical students during COVID-19. The sample consists of 379 basic-year medical students. Off them, 160 (42.4%) were male and 218 (57.5%) were female. The following measures were used in the study: The Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ), Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire—Short Form (TEIQue-ASF), The anxiety symptoms scale and the depression scale. Results The majority of students reported high to severe level ARS and mild to moderate DRS. Female students showed higher levels of ARS, TLRS, SRS, GARS and anxiety symptoms compared to male ones. Moreover, students with higher levels of academic performance reported lower levels of ARS and DRS, higher levels of trait EI and lower levels of anxiety and depression symptoms. In addition, trait EI has a significant negative association with anxiety and depression symptoms and stress domains (ARS, IRS, TLRS, SRS, DRS, GARS) and total stress. Finally, stress domains are positively correlated with anxiety and depression symptoms. Conclusion Basic-year medical students in the Gaza Strip are exposed to stressful events which aggravate the effect of exposure and cause higher levels of anxiety and depression symptoms.
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Zakeri M, De La Cruz A, Wallace D, Sansgiry SS. General Anxiety, Academic Distress, and Family Distress Among Doctor of Pharmacy Students. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2021; 85:8522. [PMID: 34965916 PMCID: PMC8715972 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To examine the prevalence of general anxiety among Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students and the role of academic distress and family distress in causing general anxiety.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among first, second, and third year PharmD students. All students received an online survey consisting of the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms-62 (CCAPS-62) questionnaire and sample characteristics. Variables from CCAPS-62 considered in this study included academic distress and family distress measured on a three-level scale: no, low, and high clinical level. Data on gender, race, work status, and physical activity were also collected. Descriptive and multinomial logistic regression were conducted to identify factors associated with general anxiety.Results. Of the 238 students who took the online survey (63% response rate), the majority were female (67%) and Asian (49%). Overall, 69 first year, 75 second year, and 94 third year students participated. The prevalence of general anxiety was 50%, with equal distribution (25% each) among high-clinical and low-clinical general anxiety groups. High academic distress and high family distress were associated with a greater probability of a student having high general anxiety.Conclusion. General anxiety was quite prevalent among pharmacy students. Identification and implementation of strategies to lower general anxiety as well as academic distress is of great importance. Also, understanding and enhancing the role of family members in students' lives is essential. College administrators can provide support for students as well as for family members to make improvements in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Zakeri
- University of Houston, College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas
| | | | - David Wallace
- University of Houston, College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas
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Waters AF, Peltier MR, Roys MR, Stewart SA, Copeland AL. Smoking and suicidal ideation among college students: Smoking expectancies as potential moderators. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:951-958. [PMID: 32027235 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1719112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: In the present study, we sought to establish a link between suicidal ideation (SI) and smoking in college students, determine whether psychopathology accounted for the association, and determine whether smoking expectancies were moderators. Participants: Participants (N = 607) were identified as nonsmokers, exsmokers, infrequent smokers, or daily smokers. Methods: Participants were assessed for smoking patterns, smoking expectancies, psychopathology, SI, and past suicide attempts. Results: Daily smokers had the highest level of SI. There was a dose-response relationship between smoking and SI, such that the higher the daily smoking rate, the greater the SI, even when controlling for depression, alcohol use, and drug use. Trend-level results indicated that at lower smoking rates, elevated smoking-related negative affect reduction (NAR) expectancies were associated with lower SI, while elevated NAR expectancies in combination with higher smoking rates were associated with greater SI. Conclusion: Smoking cessation programs for college students should screen for SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron F Waters
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - MacKenzie R Peltier
- Psychology Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Melanie R Roys
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Shelby A Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Amy L Copeland
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Worline MC, Dutton JE. The courage to teach with compassion: Enriching classroom designs and practices to foster responsiveness to suffering. MANAGEMENT LEARNING 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/13505076211044611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recognizing the prevalence of suffering among management teachers and students, we raise the importance of compassion as central to the practice of management teaching. To aid in understanding how suffering and compassion arise in management teaching, we call upon a theoretical view of their rhizomatic structure, which conveys the widespread, complex, and largely unspoken spreading of suffering and corresponding need for compassion in the work of management teaching. To meet this suffering with compassion, we propose two clusters of practices central to teaching that lend themselves to helping management teachers see possibilities for more skillfully intertwining suffering and compassion. The first focuses on how management teachers can design the context for teaching in ways that make compassion more likely, focusing specifically on roles and networks. The second draws upon Honneth’s recognitional infrastructure to focus on how teachers can approach the relational practice of teaching with emphasis on enriching human recognition of suffering. We conclude with a caution about overly simplistic approaches and overly individualized views of compassion in the work of management teaching. We call for systemic approaches to action that will enrich our imaginations as we approach management teaching and its role in our collective responsiveness to suffering.
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Fiodorova A, Farb N. Brief daily self-care reflection for undergraduate well-being: a randomized control trial of an online intervention. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2021; 35:158-170. [PMID: 34313502 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2021.1949000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a limited research on the effects of self-care, specifically the importance of taking time to reflect on one's self-care habits. Healthy undergraduate students (N = 95) were assigned to either a self-care intervention or passive control condition. The intervention group (N = 52) was prompted daily via email with questions about self-care habits and plans over three weeks, whereas the control group (N = 43) only completed baseline and post-assessments. Primary outcome variables included subjective happiness, positive and negative affect, and stress. Explanatory variables included mindfulness, self-compassion, and active coping tendency. Stress and negative affect decreased in the intervention group relative to the control group, but no interaction was observed for happiness and positive affect. There was no evidence that these effects were moderated by participant mindfulness, coping tendency, or self-compassion. These results suggest that even a very brief daily reflection on self-care can have powerful effects in promoting resilience against the accumulation of negative affect and stress over the term.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norman Farb
- Psychology Department, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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Denollet J, Trompetter HR, Kupper N. A review and conceptual model of the association of Type D personality with suicide risk. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 138:291-300. [PMID: 33882425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The role of personality as distal risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behavior is still unclear. This review aims to propose two conceptual models that explain the psychological plausibility of Type D personality as distal risk factor and contributor to the transition from general to suicide distress. To support this aim, we performed a systematic review of existing studies on the association between Type D personality and suicidal distress. A systematic search yielded eight studies that reported on Type D personality and suicidal distress. Type D personality was robustly associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors, across populations and countries. Type D was related to the level/frequency of suicidal ideation in seven studies, and suicide attempt in two studies. Our first theoretical model identifies intra-psychic (depression, alcohol misuse, posttraumatic stress) and interpersonal (low belonging, social isolation, lack of support) vulnerabilities of individuals with Type D that may fuel the development of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Type D by itself will not account for why people become suicidal, but our second theoretical model suggests that the avoidant-passive tendencies of Type D individuals may result in persistent problem-solving deficits, and, eventually, feelings of entrapment that may contribute to the desire to escape from pain. We conclude that empirical evidence supports the hypothesized link between Type D personality, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Our conceptual models - albeit often supported by indirect evidence - further substantiate the plausibility of this link, and offer concrete guidance for future studies. Primarily, more longitudinal research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Denollet
- CoRPS - Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic Disorders, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000, LE, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Hester R Trompetter
- CoRPS - Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic Disorders, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000, LE, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
| | - Nina Kupper
- CoRPS - Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic Disorders, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000, LE, Tilburg, the Netherlands
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Effect of the Intake of a Traditional Mexican Beverage Fermented with Lactic Acid Bacteria on Academic Stress in Medical Students. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051551. [PMID: 34062976 PMCID: PMC8147924 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been associated with different illnesses and emotional disorders such as stress. Traditional fermented foods that are rich in probiotics suggest modulation of dysbiosis, which protects against stress-induced disorders. The academic stress was evaluated in medical students using the SISCO Inventory of Academic Stress before and after ingestion of an aguamiel-based beverage fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus brevis (n = 27) and a control group (n = 18). In addition, microbial phyla in feces were quantified by qPCR. The results showed that the consumption of 100 mL of a beverage fermented with lactic acid bacteria (3 × 108 cfu/mL) for 8 weeks significantly reduced academic stress (p = 0.001), while the control group (placebo intervention) had no significant changes in the perception of academic stress (p = 0.607). Significant change (p = 0.001) was shown in the scores for environmental demands, and physical and psychological factors. Consumption of the fermented beverage significantly increased the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes but not Gammaproteobacteria. No significant changes were found in the control group, except for a slight increase in the phylum Firmicutes. The intake of this fermented beverage suggest a modulation of gut microbiota and possible reduction in stress-related symptoms in university students, without changing their lifestyle or diet.
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Zakhour M, Haddad C, Sacre H, Fares K, Akel M, Obeid S, Salameh P, Hallit S. Suicidal ideation among Lebanese adults: scale validation and correlates. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:100. [PMID: 33593321 PMCID: PMC7888108 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the World Health Organization (WHO) figures in 2015, the number of people attempting suicide worldwide per year exceeds 800,000 individuals. The majority of completed suicides (78%) occur in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, this study aimed to validate the suicidal ideation subscale of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale and evaluate risk factors (emotional intelligence, alexithymia, anxiety, depression, and stress) related to suicidal ideation among the Lebanese adult population. METHODS A structured cross-sectional survey was carried out between November 2017 and March 2018, enrolling a proportionate random sample of 789 community-dwelling participants from all the Lebanese regions. A correlation analysis between the C-SSRS and anxiety and depression assessed the convergent validity of the scale. An exploratory and a confirmatory factor analysis validated its construct. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess internal consistency reliability. Multiple linear regression was performed using the suicidal ideation score as the dependent variable. All variables were included in the multivariable model. RESULTS The C-SSRS scale converged over a solution of one factor; the proportion of explained variance was 0.797. The Cronbach's alpha value was good (0.797). The convergent validity was tested with depression and anxiety scales. The results showed a moderate positive correlation between the suicide ideation score and depression (rho = 0.507, p < 0.001) and anxiety (rho = 0.402, p < 0.001). The multivariable analysis showed that higher depression (Unstandardized Beta, B = 0.035, p < 0.001), higher anxiety (B = 0.015, p = 0.008), and higher alcohol dependence (B = 0.024, p < 0.001) were significantly linked to higher suicidal ideation score. However, higher self-esteem (B = -0.041, p = 0.006) was significantly associated with lower suicidal ideation scores. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the Arabic version of the C-SSRS subscale could serve as an appropriate assessment tool for suicidal ideation. This paper also gave insights into factors correlated with higher suicidal ideation scores, such as depression, anxiety, and alcohol dependence. Further studies are necessary to confirm our findings and implement suicide prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Zakhour
- grid.411324.10000 0001 2324 3572Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- grid.9966.00000 0001 2165 4861INSERM, University Limoges, CH Esquirol, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kassandra Fares
- grid.444434.70000 0001 2106 3658Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.444421.30000 0004 0417 6142School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon. .,Research and Psychology Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jall-Eddib, Lebanon.
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.411324.10000 0001 2324 3572Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon ,grid.413056.50000 0004 0383 4764Faculty of Medicine, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Souheil Hallit
- INSPECT-LB: National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
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Kaplan-Rakowski R, Johnson KR, Wojdynski T. The impact of virtual reality meditation on college students’ exam performance. SMART LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS 2021; 8:21. [PMCID: PMC8520331 DOI: 10.1186/s40561-021-00166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Advocates of meditation claim that it can improve various aspects of life, including health, attention, thinking, and learning. The purpose of this empirical, quantitative, between-subject study was twofold. First, it compared the effectiveness of meditation delivered through virtual reality versus video, as measured by students’ test scores. Second, the study provided insights on the use of meditation, whether via virtual reality or video, as a way to positively affect well-being. T-test analysis showed virtual reality meditation to be significantly more beneficial than video meditation. Students reported that meditation techniques delivered using either medium to be helpful in decreasing their pre-exam anxiety. This study has practical implications and offers evidence on the beneficial impact of VR meditation on students’ exam performance and anxiety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Kaplan-Rakowski
- Department of Learning Technologies, College of Information, University of North Texas, 3940 N. Elm Street, G159, Denton, TX 76207 USA
| | - Karen R. Johnson
- Department of Learning Technologies, College of Information, University of North Texas, 3940 N. Elm Street, G150, Denton, TX 76207 USA
| | - Tomasz Wojdynski
- School of Banking and Management in Cracow, Aleja Kijowska 14, 30-079 Kraków, Poland
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Phillips R, Kraeuter AK, McDermott B, Lupien S, Sarnyai Z. Human nail cortisol as a retrospective biomarker of chronic stress: A systematic review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 123:104903. [PMID: 33137562 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol is the primary glucocorticoid produced by the activation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis after a psychological or physiological stressor. The dysregulation of the HPA axis by chronic stress has been associated with psychiatric disorders. Although hair is currently the main validated source of chronic cortisol concentrations, cortisol is also bound to human nails, another keratinised matrix. Therefore, nail cortisol has the potential to be an alternative retrospective chronic measure of HPA activation. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the temporal resolution, methodological issues, HPA correlates, and target populations in nail cortisol investigations. A qualitative synthesis was performed to assess current literature exploring cortisol concentrations from human nails. A total of 18 eligible human studies extracted from Medline (PubMed and Ovid), ProQuest (PsycINFO), and Scopus found that immunoassays and mass spectrometry were the two primarily methods of analysis. However, methodological variability remained evident between studies. Nail cortisol correlated with saliva and hair in some studies and was investigated across multiple developmental periods. Finally, when applied as an outcome measure in health disorders, higher nail cortisol concentrations have been shown to be associated with acute coronary syndrome and depression. In conclusion, nail cortisol may serve as a retrospective biomarker of chronic stress; however, the ability to track how much cortisol is accumulating within nail clippings is complex and may represent a large timespan. Further, very few studies have reported effect sizes and investigated the effects of covariates, such as age, sex, ethnicity, and nail characteristics, which limits the validation of this measure. Further studies are required to validate the utility of nail cortisol as a biomarker of chronic stress across the human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riana Phillips
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ann-Katrin Kraeuter
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brett McDermott
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sonia Lupien
- Psychiatry Department, University of Montreal, Canada
| | - Zoltán Sarnyai
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
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Castro-Osorio R, Maldonado-Avendaño N, Cardona-Gómez P. Proposal for a Model of Suicidal Ideation in Medical Students in Colombia: A Simulation Study. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2020; 51:S0034-7450(20)30081-0. [PMID: 33735048 PMCID: PMC7947645 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal behaviour is a global public health problem, and one population group with high prevalence rates is medical students, especially in the ideation component. Various models have tried to explain it, but there are few inferential studies in the Colombian population. The structural equation models used in controlled social sciences to explain this problem and their analytical power allow generalisations to be made with a certain degree of precision. These analyses require a large amount of data for robust estimation, which limits their usability when there are restrictions to access the data, as is the case today due to Covid-19, and a question that stands out in these models is the evaluation of the fit. Through a set of 1,200 simulated data, an appropriate model fit was found (x5242=1.732,300;p<0,001, CFI = 0.97, GFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.04[0.042-0.046], SRMR = 0.06) for the predictors of depression and perceived burdensomeness, which were analysed using the JASP program. The role of thwarted belongingness is discussed, as well as the appropriateness of the assessment instrument used to evaluate it an considerations regarding suicidal ideation monitoring, evaluation and intervention in medical students.
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Madadin M, Menezes RG, Alassaf MA, Almulhim AM, Abumadini MS, Alnemer FA, Alrasheed FR, Alramadhan AK. Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. CRISIS 2020; 42:278-283. [PMID: 33034518 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: Medical students are at high risk of suicidal ideation. Aim: We aimed to obtain information on suicidal ideation among medical students in Dammam located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medicine affiliated with Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Suicidal ideation in the past 12 months was assessed based on responses to four questions in the depression subscale of the General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28). In addition, data were collected to examine the association of suicidal ideation with various factors. Results: We found that 1 in 3 medical students in the study had suicidal ideation in the past 12 months, while around 40% had lifetime suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was associated with feelings of parental neglect, history of physical abuse, and dissatisfaction with academic performance. Limitations: The cross-sectional nature of this study limits its ability to determine causality regarding suicidal ideation. Conclusion: These rates are considerably high when compared with rates from studies in other countries around the world. This study provides a reference in the field of suicidology for this region of Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Madadin
- Forensic Medicine Division, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ritesh G Menezes
- Forensic Medicine Division, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A Alassaf
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M Almulhim
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahdi S Abumadini
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Violence victimization and suicide attempts among adolescents aged 12-15 years from thirty-eight low- and middle-income countries. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2020; 66:147-153. [PMID: 32866883 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between violence victimization and suicide attempts in a large representative sample of adolescents from low- and middle-income-countries (LMICs) of multiple continents has never been investigated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between being a victim of physical attacks (independent variable) and suicide attempts (dependent variable) in a sample of 117,472 students aged 12-15 years [mean (SD) age 13.8 (0.9) years; girls 49.4%] from thirty-eight LMICs in Africa, the Americas, and Asia. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) were analyzed. Self-reported data on past 12-month suicide attempts and exposure to physical attacks were collected. Logistic regression and meta-analysis were conducted. RESULTS The overall prevalence of suicide attempts and physical attacks were 10.1% and 39.4%, respectively. Overall, the results of the meta-analysis based on country-wise estimates adjusted for potential confounders (i.e., age, sex, food insecurity, alcohol consumption, bullying victimization, anxiety-induced sleep problems, low parental support/involvement, loneliness) showed that physical attacks were associated with a 1.71 (95%CI = 1.62-1.81) times higher odds for suicide attempt. CONCLUSIONS In this large sample of adolescents from multiple LMICs, violence victimization was associated with significantly increased odds of suicide attempts. Future longitudinal studies are required to assess causality, and whether addressing exposure to violence can positively impact on adolescent suicide rates.
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Rababah JA, Al-Hammouri MM, Drew BL. The impact of health literacy on college students' psychological disturbances and quality of life: a structural equation modeling analysis. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:292. [PMID: 32867807 PMCID: PMC7457482 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The literature regarding the effect of health literacy on college students’ psychological health and quality of life is scarce. The purpose of conducting this cross-sectional study was to examine the effect of health literacy on certain psychological disturbances (perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and impulsivity) and quality of life of college students. Methods A cross-sectional quantitative design was utilized in this study. A total of 310 four-year college students participated in this study. The students completed a demographics questionnaire as well as already established and validated measures of health literacy, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, impulsivity, and quality of life. Structural equation modeling was performed to analyze the data to explore the effect of health literacy on the psychological disturbances and quality of life. Results The results showed that health literacy has a negative effect on three psychological disturbances commonly experienced by college students; perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and impulsivity. In addition, the effect of health literacy on the quality of life was positive. Conclusion The proposed conceptual model was supported. College students’ counseling staff could use the findings to better address students’ needs pertinent to psychological health and quality of life. Future research is warranted to develop a more comprehensive model that explains the role of health literacy in determining college students’ psychological health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehad A Rababah
- Adult Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Mohammed M Al-Hammouri
- Community and Mental Health Department, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Barbara L Drew
- College of Nursing, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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Barrimi M, Maazouzi M, Malakt S, Lazaar S, Khaoulani H. Les idées et les tentatives de suicide chez les étudiants en médecine au Maroc : résultats d’une étude multicentrique. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Moore S, Barbour R, Ngo H, Sinclair C, Chambers R, Auret K, Hassed C, Playford D. Determining the feasibility and effectiveness of brief online mindfulness training for rural medical students: a pilot study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 20:104. [PMID: 32252750 PMCID: PMC7137339 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of a mindfulness training program, delivered online to medical students at a Rural Clinical School. METHODS An 8-week online training program was delivered to penultimate-year medical students at an Australian Rural Clinical School during 2016. Using a mixed methods approach, we measured the frequency and duration of participants' mindfulness meditation practice, and assessed changes in their perceived stress, self-compassion and compassion levels, as well as personal and professional attitudes and behaviours. RESULTS Forty-seven participants were recruited to the study. 50% of participants were practising mindfulness meditation at least weekly by the end of the 8-week program, and 32% reported practising at least weekly 4 months following completion of the intervention. There was a statistically significant reduction in participants' perceived stress levels and a significant increase in self-compassion at 4-month follow-up. Participants reported insights about the personal and professional impact of mindfulness meditation training as well as barriers to practice. CONCLUSIONS The results provide preliminary evidence that online training in mindfulness meditation can be associated with reduced stress and increased self-compassion in rural medical students. More rigorous research is required to establish concrete measures of feasibility of a mindfulness meditation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Moore
- Rural Clinical School of WA, University of Western Australia, Busselton, Australia
| | - Rita Barbour
- Rural Clinical School of WA, University of Western Australia, Busselton, Australia
| | - Hanh Ngo
- Rural Clinical School of WA, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Craig Sinclair
- Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Kirsten Auret
- Rural Clinical School of WA, University of Western Australia, Albany, Australia
| | - Craig Hassed
- Department of General Practice, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Denese Playford
- Rural Clinical School of WA, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Chakales PA, Locklear J, Wharton T. Medicine and Horsemanship: The Effects of Equine-assisted Activities and Therapies on Stress and Depression in Medical Students. Cureus 2020; 12:e6896. [PMID: 32195063 PMCID: PMC7059872 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the use of an equine-assisted brief course module on stress and depression among medical students (n = 28), a demographic known to experience high pressure. Evidence supports that animal-assisted therapies can lead to the improvement of health and quality of life, particularly in terms of cognitive, psychological, and physical benefits. This study used the seven-session Kane Medicine and Horsemanship program; students completed pre- and post-measures one week before and after the course. Participation in the course significantly reduced perceived stress (p: 0.001), depression (p: <0.001), stress severity (p: 0.014), and stress frequency (p: 0.001) among medical students. This approach should be further investigated as an option for improving well-being among medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacklyn Locklear
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
| | - Tracy Wharton
- Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
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Kang K, Ortiz Lopez CF, Fear BS, Granko RP. Tactics to improve resilience and well-being among pharmacy students. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2019; 76:1374-1376. [PMID: 31384928 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxz143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kang
- Department of Pharmacy Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital Greensboro, NC.,Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Brittany S Fear
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Robert P Granko
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC
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Nwokeoma BN, Ede MO, Nwosu N, Ikechukwu-Illomuanya A, Ogba FN, Ugwoezuonu AU, Offordile EE, Agu PU, Amoke C, Eze CO, Nnamani O, Nwafor B, Omeke FC, Omeje GN, Vita-Agundu UC, Onuh EA, Okorie CO, Ede KR, Nwadike N. Impact of rational emotive occupational health coaching on work-related stress management among staff of Nigeria police force. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16724. [PMID: 31517811 PMCID: PMC6750331 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empirical studies indicated that job-related stress is threatening the well-being of Nigerian public workers. The objective of this investigation was to examine the impact of REOHC for improving work-stress management among Staff of Nigeria Police Force in southeast Nigeria. METHOD This is a pretest-posttest control group design study with follow-up. A total of 63 Nigerian police officers (randomized into one of 2 groups: n = 32 for treatment group, n = 31 for waitlist control group) completed the study. Two self-report questionnaire measuring organizational and operational stressors associated with police general well-being were used as outcome measures. The intervention group received a 12-week REBC manual intervention. The intervention and waitlisted groups were evaluated at 3-time points: Time1, Time2, and Time3. Statistical analyses were achieved using repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS Results showed that there was no significant difference between the REOHC group and waiting-list control group in initial work-related stress management among staff of Nigerian Police Force. REOHC program had a significant effect on work-related stress management among staff of Nigerian Police Force when compared to their counterparts in the waiting-list control group. CONCLUSION Therefore, REOHC program is a time-effective treatment approach for improving work-stress management among Staff of Nigeria Police Force in southeast Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moses O. Ede
- Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State
| | - Nneka Nwosu
- Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State
| | | | - Francisca N. Ogba
- Department of Educational Foundations, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ebonyi State
| | - Amanda U. Ugwoezuonu
- Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State
| | - Edmund E. Offordile
- Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State
| | - Patricia U. Agu
- Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State
| | - Chijioke Amoke
- Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State
| | - Celestine O. Eze
- Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State
| | - Ogechi Nnamani
- Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State
| | - Bernedeth Nwafor
- Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State
| | - Faith C. Omeke
- Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State
| | - Grace N. Omeje
- Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State
| | | | - Eucharia A. Onuh
- Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State
| | - Cornelius O. Okorie
- Department of Educational Foundations, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ebonyi State
| | - Kelechi R. Ede
- Department of Agricultural Science Education, Faculty of Education, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Ngozi Nwadike
- Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State
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Jiménez-Ortiz JL, Islas-Valle RM, Jiménez-Ortiz JD, Pérez-Lizárraga E, Hernández-García ME, González-Salazar F. Emotional exhaustion, burnout, and perceived stress in dental students. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:4251-4259. [PMID: 31311371 PMCID: PMC6753538 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519859145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective As in other health sciences, a career in dentistry is associated with
numerous stressors in practitioners. The main objective of this research was
to examine the prevalence of emotional exhaustion, burnout, and perceived
stress among dental students in Mexico. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 73 dental students attending a
private university in Northern Mexico. Three scales were administered to
students to identify emotional exhaustion, burnout, and perceived stress,
and parametric data analysis was performed. Results Among participants (mean age 19.7 years), the proportion with emotional
exhaustion, perceived high stress, and burnout was 52.0%, 42.3%, and 17.8%,
respectively. All students with perceived stress also had burnout. Conclusions We found that emotional exhaustion and perceived stress are experienced by a
large proportion of dentistry students enrolled in the third semester at
this private university in Northern Mexico. The proportions were independent
of age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Jiménez-Ortiz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Montemorelos, Montemorelos, Nuevo León, México
| | - R M Islas-Valle
- Centro de Atención Familiar Psicopedagógico y Psicoterapéutico, Universidad Montemorelos, Montemorelos, Nuevo León, México
| | | | - E Pérez-Lizárraga
- Coordinación de la Licenciatura en Odontología, Universidad Durango Santander, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, México
| | - M E Hernández-García
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - F González-Salazar
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
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