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Dresler SR, Pinto BI, Salanga MC, Propper CR, Berry SR, Kellar RS. Arsenic Impairs Wound Healing Processes in Dermal Fibroblasts and Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2161. [PMID: 38396835 PMCID: PMC10888720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (NaAsO2) is a naturally occurring metalloid found in water resources globally and in the United States at concentrations exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contamination Level of 10 ppb. While exposure to arsenic has been linked to cancer, cardiovascular disease, and skin lesions, the impact of arsenic exposure on wound healing is not fully understood. Cultured dermal fibroblasts exposed to NaAsO2 displayed reduced migration (scratch closure), proliferation, and viability with a lowest observable effect level (LOEL) of 10 µM NaAsO2 following 24 h exposure. An enrichment of Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) transcripts was observed at a LOEL of 1 µM NaAsO2 and 24 h exposure. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 10 µM NaAsO2 in their drinking water for eight weeks, then subjected to two full thickness dorsal wounds. Wounds were evaluated for closure after 6 days. Female mice displayed a significant reduction in wound closure and higher erythema levels, while males showed no effects. Gene expression analysis from skin excised from the wound site revealed significant enrichment in Arsenic 3-Methyltransferase (As3mt) and Estrogen Receptor 2 (Esr2) mRNA in the skin of female mice. These results indicate that arsenic at environmentally relevant concentrations may negatively impact wound healing processes in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R. Dresler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (S.R.D.); (B.I.P.); (M.C.S.); (C.R.P.); (S.R.B.)
| | - Bronson I. Pinto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (S.R.D.); (B.I.P.); (M.C.S.); (C.R.P.); (S.R.B.)
| | - Matthew C. Salanga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (S.R.D.); (B.I.P.); (M.C.S.); (C.R.P.); (S.R.B.)
| | - Catherine R. Propper
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (S.R.D.); (B.I.P.); (M.C.S.); (C.R.P.); (S.R.B.)
| | - Savannah R. Berry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (S.R.D.); (B.I.P.); (M.C.S.); (C.R.P.); (S.R.B.)
| | - Robert S. Kellar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (S.R.D.); (B.I.P.); (M.C.S.); (C.R.P.); (S.R.B.)
- Center for Materials Interfaces in Research & Applications, ¡MIRA!, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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Nauwelaerts SJD, Van Goethem N, De Cremer K, Sierra NB, Vercauteren J, Stroobants C, Bernard A, Nawrot T, Roosens NHC, De Keersmaecker SCJ. Noninvasive integrative approach applied to children in the context of recent air pollution exposure demonstrates association between fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and urinary CC16. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114441. [PMID: 36191620 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to the air pollutant particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased risks of respiratory diseases and enhancement of airway inflammation in children. In the context of large scale air pollution studies, it can be challenging to measure fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) as indicator of lung inflammation. Urinary CC16 (U-CC16) is a potential biomarker of increased lung permeability and toxicity, increasing following short-term PM2.5 exposure. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) CC16 G38A (rs3741240) affects CC16 levels and respiratory health. Our study aimed at assessing the use of U-CC16 (incl. CC16 G38A from saliva) as potential alternative for FeNO by investigating their mutual correlation in children exposed to PM. Samples from a small-scale study conducted in 42 children from urban (n = 19) and rural (n = 23) schools examined at two time points, were analysed. When considering recent (lag1) low level exposure to PM2.5 as air pollution measurement, we found that U-CC16 was positively associated with FeNO (β = 0.23; 95% CI [-0.01; 0.47]; p = 0.06) in an adjusted analysis using a linear mixed effects model. Further, we observed a positive association between PM2.5 and FeNO (β = 0.56; 95% CI [0.02; 1.09]; p = 0.04) and higher FeNO in urban school children as compared to rural school children (β = 0.72; 95% CI [0.12; 1.31]; p = 0.02). Although more investigations are needed, our results suggest that inflammatory responses evidenced by increased FeNO are accompanied by potential increased lung epithelium permeability and injury, evidenced by increased U-CC16. In future large scale studies, where FeNO measurement is less feasible, the integrated analysis of U-CC16 and CC16 G38A, using noninvasive samples, might be a suitable alternative to assess the impact of air pollution exposure on the respiratory health of children, which is critical for policy development at population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J D Nauwelaerts
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium; Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, University Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nina Van Goethem
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Koen De Cremer
- Platform Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Christophe Stroobants
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Alfred Bernard
- Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, University Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tim Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nancy H C Roosens
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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Nauwelaerts SJD, Van Goethem N, Ureña BT, De Cremer K, Bernard A, Saenen ND, Nawrot TS, Roosens NHC, De Keersmaecker SCJ. Urinary CC16, a potential indicator of lung integrity and inflammation, increases in children after short-term exposure to PM 2.5/PM 10 and is driven by the CC16 38GG genotype. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113272. [PMID: 35439460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Particular matter (PM) exposure is a big hazard for public health, especially for children. Serum CC16 is a well-known biomarker of respiratory health. Urinary CC16 (U-CC16) can be a noninvasive alternative, albeit requiring adequate adjustment for renal handling. Moreover, the SNP CC16 G38A influences CC16 levels. This study aimed to monitor the effect of short-term PM exposure on CC16 levels, measured noninvasively in schoolchildren, using an integrative approach. We used a selection of urine and buccal DNA samples from 86 children stored in an existing biobank. Using a multiple reaction monitoring method, we measured U-CC16, as well as RBP4 (retinol binding protein 4) and β2M (beta-2-microglobulin), required for adjustment. Buccal DNA samples were used for CC16 G38A genotyping. Linear mixed-effects models were used to find relevant associations between U-CC16 and previously obtained data from recent daily PM ≤ 2.5 or 10 μm exposure (PM2.5, PM10) modeled at the child's residence. Our study showed that exposure to low PM at the child's residence (median levels 18.9 μg/m³ (PM2.5) and 23.6 μg/m³ (PM10)) one day before sampling had an effect on the covariates-adjusted U-CC16 levels. This effect was dependent on the CC16 G38A genotype, due to its strong interaction with the association between PM levels and covariates-adjusted U-CC16 (P = 0.024 (PM2.5); P = 0.061 (PM10)). Only children carrying the 38GG genotype showed an increase of covariates-adjusted U-CC16, measured 24h after exposure, with increasing PM2.5 and PM10 (β = 0.332; 95% CI: 0.110 to 0.554 and β = 0.372; 95% CI: 0.101 to 0.643, respectively). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using an integrative approach to investigate short-term PM exposure of children, using urine to detect early signs of pulmonary damage, and taking into account important determinants such as the genetic background and adequate adjustment of the measured biomarker in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J D Nauwelaerts
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium; Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, University Catholique de Louvain, Woluwe, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nina Van Goethem
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculty of Public Health, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
| | - Berta Tenas Ureña
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Koen De Cremer
- Platform Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alfred Bernard
- Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, University Catholique de Louvain, Woluwe, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nelly D Saenen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nancy H C Roosens
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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Chau B, Witten ML, Cromey D, Chen Y, Lantz RC. Lung developmental is altered after inhalation exposure to various concentrations of calcium arsenate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 432:115754. [PMID: 34634286 PMCID: PMC8572171 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to dust from active and abandoned mining operations may be a very significant health hazard, especially to sensitive populations. We have previously reported that inhalation of real-world mine tailing dusts during lung development can alter lung function and structure in adult male mice. These real-world dusts contain a mixture of metal(loid)s, including arsenic. To determine whether arsenic in inhaled dust plays a role in altering lung development, we exposed C57Bl/6 mice to a background dust (0 arsenic) or to the background dust containing either 3% or 10% by mass, calcium arsenate. Total level of exposure was kept at 100 μg/m3. Calcium arsenate was selected since arsenate is the predominant species found in mine tailings. We found that inhalation exposure during in utero and postnatal lung development led to significant increases in pulmonary baseline resistance, airway hyper-reactivity, and airway collagen and smooth muscle expression in male C57Bl/6 mice. Responses were dependent on the level of calcium arsenate in the simulated dust. These changes were not associated with increased expression of TGF-β1, a marker of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. However, responses were correlated with decreases in the expression of club cell protein 16 (CC16). Dose-dependent decreases in CC16 expression and increases in collagen around airways was seen for animals exposed in utero only (GD), animals exposed postnatally only (PN) and animals continuously exposed throughout development (GDPN). These data suggest that arsenic inhalation during lung development can decrease CC16 expression leading to functional and structural alterations in the adult lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Chau
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America.
| | - Mark L Witten
- Phoenix Biometrics, Inc., Tucson, AZ 85710, United States of America
| | - Doug Cromey
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America.
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, United States of America.
| | - R Clark Lantz
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America.
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Vega-Millán CB, Dévora-Figueroa AG, Burgess JL, Beamer PI, Furlong M, Lantz RC, Meza-Figueroa D, O Rourke MK, García-Rico L, Meza-Escalante ER, Balderas-Cortés JJ, Meza-Montenegro MM. Inflammation biomarkers associated with arsenic exposure by drinking water and respiratory outcomes in indigenous children from three Yaqui villages in southern Sonora, México. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:34355-34366. [PMID: 33650048 PMCID: PMC7919633 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental arsenic exposure in adults and children has been associated with a reduction in the expression of club cell secretory protein (CC16) and an increase in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), both biomarkers of lung inflammation and negative respiratory outcomes. The objectives of this study were to determine if the levels of serum CC16 and MMP-9 and subsequent respiratory infections in children are associated with the ingestion of arsenic by drinking water. This cross-sectional study included 216 children from three Yaqui villages, Potam, Vicam, and Cocorit, with levels of arsenic in their ground water of 70.01 ± 21.85, 23.3 ± 9.99, and 11.8 ± 4.42 μg/L respectively. Total arsenic in water and urine samples was determined by inductively coupled plasma/optical emission spectrometry. Serum was analyzed for CC16 and MMP-9 using ELISA. The children had an average urinary arsenic of 79.39 μg/L and 46.8 % had levels above of the national concern value of 50 μg/L. Increased arsenic concentrations in drinking water and average daily arsenic intake by water were associated with decreased serum CC16 levels (β = - 0.12, 95% CI - 0.20, - 0.04 and β = - 0.10, 95% CI - 0.18, - 0.03), and increased serum MMP-9 levels (β = 0.35, 95% CI 0.22, 0.48 and β = 0.29, 95% CI 0.18, 0.40) at significant levels (P < 0.05). However, no association was found between levels of these serum biomarkers and urinary arsenic concentrations. In these children, reduced serum CC16 levels were significantly associated with increased risk of respiratory infections (OR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.13, 0.90). In conclusion, altered levels of serum CC16 and MMP-9 in the children may be due to the toxic effects of arsenic exposure through drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B Vega-Millán
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Especialidad en Biotecnología, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 Sur, 85000, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, México
| | - Ana G Dévora-Figueroa
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Especialidad en Biotecnología, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 Sur, 85000, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, México
| | - Jefferey L Burgess
- Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Paloma I Beamer
- Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Melissa Furlong
- Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - R Clark Lantz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Diana Meza-Figueroa
- Departamento de Geología, División de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Mary Kay O Rourke
- Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Leticia García-Rico
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Astiazarán 46, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Edna R Meza-Escalante
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 Sur, 85000, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, México
| | - José J Balderas-Cortés
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 Sur, 85000, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, México
| | - Maria M Meza-Montenegro
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 Sur, 85000, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, México.
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Development of a multiplex mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of urinary proteins related to respiratory health. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10107. [PMID: 33980897 PMCID: PMC8115669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory health of children is a health priority. Club cell protein (CC16) is an interesting biomarker of lung diseases and adverse effects towards the airway epithelium integrity. Osteopontin (OPN) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) also play a role in respiratory health. The use of urine as biomarker source is useful in studies involving children but necessitates proper adjustment for physiological confounders influencing the urinary excretion, potentially characterized with beta-2-microglobulin (β2M), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) or myoglobin (MYO), as well as adjustment for possible renal dysfunction, characterized by human serum albumin (HSA). The simultaneous quantification of all these proteins in urine could facilitate children's health monitoring. A multiple reaction monitoring method (MRM) was developed and validated for the relative quantification of the seven mentioned urinary proteins. A total of nine proteotypic peptides were selected and used for the relative quantification of the seven proteins. The MRM method was completely validated for all proteins and partially for OPN. LOQ's ranged from 0.3 to 42.8 ng/ml, a good reproducibility and a good linearity were obtained across the analytical measurement range (r2 > 0.98). The method yielded varying correlations (r2 of 0.78, 0.71, 0.34 and 0.15 for CC16, β2M, RBP4 and HSA respectively) with available immunoassay data. It also allowed the identification and successful quantification of β2M and RBP4 as a protein candidate for adjustment of renal handling and dysfunction. All proteins were detected in the urine samples except for MYO and NF-κB. Our validated MRM-method is able to simultaneously quantify in urine biomarkers of airway epithelium integrity and biomarkers of variation in renal function and urinary dilution. This will allow to investigate further in future studies if urine can be used as a good surrogate source for biomarkers of airway epithelium integrity, and to understand the complex relationship between cause and effect in children's respiratory health monitoring.
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Signes-Pastor AJ, Gutiérrez-González E, García-Villarino M, Rodríguez-Cabrera FD, López-Moreno JJ, Varea-Jiménez E, Pastor-Barriuso R, Pollán M, Navas-Acien A, Pérez-Gómez B, Karagas MR. Toenails as a biomarker of exposure to arsenic: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110286. [PMID: 33075355 PMCID: PMC7987585 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review summarizes the current evidence related to the reliability of toenail total arsenic concentrations (thereafter "arsenic") as a biomarker of long-term exposure. Specifically, we reviewed literature on consistency of repeated measures over time, association with other biomarkers and metal concentrations, factors influencing concentrations, and associations with health effects. We identified 129 papers containing quantitative original data on arsenic in toenail samples covering populations from 29 different countries. We observed geographic differences in toenail arsenic concentrations, with highest median or mean concentrations in Asian countries. Arsenic-contaminated drinking water, occupational exposure or living in specific industrial areas were associated with an increased toenail arsenic content. The effects of other potential determinants and sources of arsenic exposure including diet, gender and age on the concentrations in toenails need further investigations. Toenail arsenic was correlated with the concentrations in hair and fingernails, and with urine arsenic mainly among highly exposed populations with a toenail mean or median ≥1 μg/g. Overall, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that arsenic content from a single toenail sample may reflect long-term internal dose-exposure. Toenail arsenic can serve as a reliable measure of toxic inorganic arsenic exposure in chronic disease research, particularly promising for cancer and cardiovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Signes-Pastor
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Medical Center Dr, Williamson Translational Research Bldg, Lebanon NH, 03756, USA.
| | - Enrique Gutiérrez-González
- Spanish Agency of Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Alcalá, 56, 28014, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel García-Villarino
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Unit of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, University Institute of Oncology of the Principality of Asturias (IUOPA) - Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julian Clavería Street s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Francisco D Rodríguez-Cabrera
- Public Health Teaching Unit, National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029. Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge J López-Moreno
- Public Health Teaching Unit, National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029. Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Varea-Jiménez
- Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Pastor-Barriuso
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Pollán
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Public Health Teaching Unit, National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029. Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Medical Center Dr, Williamson Translational Research Bldg, Lebanon NH, 03756, USA
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Wang T, Wang Y, Xu M, Wang Z, Wu N, Qi F, Song J, Dai Y, Wang H, Sun X, Gao S, Wang W, Li Y, Chen R, Sun Z, Jia Q, Li X, Duan H, Liu Z. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in particulate matter and serum club cell secretory protein change among schoolchildren: A molecular epidemiology study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110300. [PMID: 33038368 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture containing various kinds of harmful components. Exposure to air PM is associated with childhood respiratory disease, but epidemiological data are limited concerning the circulating respiratory injury protein on the etiology of childhood respiratory disease. Specifically, the role of PM toxic components or its biological effective dose (adduct) in respiratory injury remains unclear. To demonstrate the dose-response relationship and the main mechanism on circulating club cell secretory protein (CC16) from PM compositions among children, we enrolled 273 boarding schoolchildren in China, including 110 and 163 children of whom were in the low- and high-PM exposed areas, respectively. In this study, we measured the internal exposure levels, including serum polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) adduct, urinary metals, and AhR expression, and detected the serum CC16 level as a lung injury marker. Environmental tobacco exposure in children was assessed by urinary cotinine. We found that significantly higher levels of serum CC16, benzo[a]pyridin-7,8-dihydroglycol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE)-albumin adduct, urinary molybdenum, selenium, arsenic, cadmium and barium, and lower level of AhR expression in high-PM exposed group. There was a good association between serum BPDE-albumin adduct and CC16 (β = 0.222, P = 0.006). There was no association on urinary metals and serum CC16. BPDE-albumin adduct was directly associated with serum CC16 alternation [direct effect = 0.2044, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (0.0426, 0.36)]. PM could cause serum CC16 increased in children. PAH and its adduct might play a key role in lung injury during PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Qi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayang Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huanqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Huawei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhong Liu
- Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China.
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Chan HM, Hu XF, Cheung JS, Parajuli RP, Rosol R, Yumvihoze E, Williams L, Mohapatra A. Cohort profile: health effects monitoring programme in Ndilǫ, Dettah and Yellowknife (YKHEMP). BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038507. [PMID: 32988947 PMCID: PMC7523220 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Yellowknife Health Effects Monitoring Programme (YKHEMP) was established to examine the relationship of exposure to arsenic and other chemicals of potential concern such as antimony, cadmium, lead, manganese and vanadium and health outcomes. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2037 individuals were recruited, including children (age 3-19) and adults (age 20+), residing in Dettah, Ndilǫ and Yellowknife, in the Northwest Territories, Canada, in two waves in Fall 2017 and Spring 2018. In Yellowknife, there were 891 (675 adults, 216 children), randomly selected participants with a participation rate of 64%. In addition, we also recruited a total of 875 (669 adults, 206 children) volunteer participants. A total of 225 (137 adults, 88 children) of the Yellowknives Dene First Nation (YKDFN), and 46 (33 adults, 13 children) of the North Slave Métis Alliance participated in the study. Each participant answered a lifestyle questionnaire as well as provided toenail clippings and urine for contaminant testing and saliva samples for testing of genetic polymorphisms associated with arsenic metabolism. Participants also provided consent to have their medical records reviewed by the research team for the past 5 years to allow for the investigation between exposure and health outcomes. FINDINGS TO DATE The adult YKHEMP participants had lower urinary total arsenic but the children had higher inorganic arsenic than the general Canadian population. There was no difference in urinary total arsenic concentrations between adults and children, however, urinary inorganic arsenic concentrations were generally higher in children than in adults in all four YKHEMP sampling groups. The adult YKDFN participants had lower urinary total arsenic and inorganic arsenic concentrations compared with the random selected and volunteer participants. FUTURE PLANS YKHEMP is designed as a prospective cohort study; the children participants will be re-examined in 2022 and both adult and children participants in 2027.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hing Man Chan
- Biology, University of Ottawa Faculty of Science, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xue Feng Hu
- Biology, University of Ottawa Faculty of Science, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet S Cheung
- Biology, University of Ottawa Faculty of Science, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Renata Rosol
- Biology, University of Ottawa Faculty of Science, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Yumvihoze
- Biology, University of Ottawa Faculty of Science, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linna Williams
- Health and Social Services, Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada
| | - Asish Mohapatra
- Environmental Health Program, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Li W, Xiao L, Zhou Y, Wang D, Ma J, Xie L, Yang M, Zhu C, Wang B, Chen W. Plasma CC16 mediates the associations between urinary metals and fractional exhaled nitric oxide: A cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113713. [PMID: 31818622 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental metals has been reported to be associated with airway inflammation. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is an important inflammatory biomarker of the airway. However, the associations between metal exposures and FeNO change and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate the associations between urinary metals and FeNO, and the potential role of Club cell secretory protein (CC16), a lung epithelial biomarker, in these associations. We conducted a cross-sectional study from the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort and measured eight urinary metals, plasma CC16 and FeNO among 3067 subjects by using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and Nano Coulomb Nitric Oxide Analyzer, respectively. Mixed linear models were used to quantify dose-relationships between urinary metals and FeNO, as well as urinary metals and plasma CC16. The potential role of plasma CC16 in the associations between urinary metals and FeNO was estimated using mediationanalyses. After adjusting for covariates, one percent increase in urinary vanadium, nickel or antimony was associated with a respective 6.60% (95% CI: 3.52%, 9.68%), 2.18% (0.45%, 3.91%), 4.87% (1.47%, 8.27%) increase in FeNO level. The adverse associations were much stronger among participants with low concentration of plasma CC16 than those with high CC16 level. Moreover, plasma CC16 decreased monotonically with increasing quartiles of urinary vanadium, nickel or antimony. Mediation analyses found that CC16 mediated the associations between urinary metals and FeNO by 5.64%, 39.06% and 25.18% for vanadium, nickel and antimony respectively. CC16 plays an important role in airway inflammation. General population with lower plasma CC16 concentration is more likely to suffer from airway inflammation when exposed to high levels of vanadium, nickel or antimony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Lili Xiao
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Dongming Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jixuan Ma
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Chunmei Zhu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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11
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García-Rico L, Meza-Figueroa D, Beamer PI, Burgess JL, O'Rourke MK, Lantz CR, Furlong M, Martinez-Cinco M, Mondaca-Fernandez I, Balderas-Cortes JJ, Meza-Montenegro MM. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 in children exposed to arsenic from playground dust at elementary schools in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:499-511. [PMID: 31372863 PMCID: PMC8845485 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure in adults has been associated with increased serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a biomarker which is associated with chronic respiratory disease, lung inflammation, cardiovascular disease and cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between serum MMP-9 levels in children, urinary arsenic, arsenic chronic daily intake (CDI) and arsenic exposure from playground dust. This cross-sectional study examined 127 children from five elementary schools, in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Arsenic was analyzed in the dust using a portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer. Total urinary arsenic was determined by inductively coupled plasma/optical emission spectrometry. Serum was analyzed for MMP-9 using ELISA. Arsenic levels in playground dust averaged 16.9 ± 4.6 mg/kg. Urinary arsenic averaged 34.9 ± 17.1 µg/L. Arsenic concentration in playground dust was positively associated with serum MMP-9 levels in crude analyses and after adjustment (P < 0.01), MMP-9 and CDI were positively associated only after adjustment (P < 0.01), and no association was found between MMP-9 and urinary arsenic. In conclusion, our study showed an association in children between serum MMP-9 levels and playground dust arsenic concentrations. Therefore, exposure to arsenic in dust where children spend significant time may manifest toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia García-Rico
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Astiazarán 46, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Especialidad en Biotecnología, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 Sur, 85000, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, México
| | - Diana Meza-Figueroa
- División de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Paloma I Beamer
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jefferey L Burgess
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mary K O'Rourke
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Clark R Lantz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Melissa Furlong
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Marco Martinez-Cinco
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Iram Mondaca-Fernandez
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 Sur, 85000, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, México
| | - Jose J Balderas-Cortes
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 Sur, 85000, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, México
| | - Maria M Meza-Montenegro
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 Sur, 85000, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, México.
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12
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Witten ML, Chau B, Sáez E, Boitano S, Clark Lantz R. Early life inhalation exposure to mine tailings dust affects lung development. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 365:124-132. [PMID: 30641074 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to mine tailings dust from active and abandoned mining operations may be a very significant health hazard, especially to sensitive populations living in arid and semi-arid climates like the desert southwest of the US. It is anticipated that early life exposures during sensitive times of development can lead to adult disease. However, very few studies have investigated the effects of inhalation exposure to real world dusts during lung development. Using a mouse model, we have examined the effect(s) of inhalation of real world mine tailing dusts under three separate conditions: (1) Exposure only during in utero development (exposure of the pregnant moms) (2) exposure only after birth and (3) exposures that occurred continuously during in utero development, through gestation and birth until the mice reached adulthood (28 days old). We found that the most significant changes in lung structure and function were observed in male mice when exposure occurred continuously throughout development. These changes included increased airway hyper-reactivity, increased expression of epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) transition protein markers and increased expression of cytokines related to eosinophils. The data also indicate that in utero exposures through maternal inhalation can prime the lung of male mice for more severe responses to subsequent postnatal exposures. This may be due to epigenetic alterations in gene regulation, immune response, molecular signaling, and growth factors involved in lung development that may make the neonatal lung more susceptible to continued dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Witten
- Phoenix Biometrics, Inc., Tucson, AZ 85710, United States
| | - Binh Chau
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
| | - Eduardo Sáez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, United States.
| | - Scott Boitano
- Department of Physiology, The Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
| | - R Clark Lantz
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
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13
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García-Rico L, Meza-Figueroa D, Jay Gandolfi A, Del Rivero CI, Martínez-Cinco MA, Meza-Montenegro MM. Health Risk Assessment and Urinary Excretion of Children Exposed to Arsenic through Drinking Water and Soils in Sonora, Mexico. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:9-21. [PMID: 29721859 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Environmental arsenic exposure is associated with increased risk of non-cancerous chronic diseases and a variety of cancers in humans. The aims of this study were to carry out for the first time a health risk assessment for two common arsenic exposure routes (drinking water and soil ingestion) in children living in the most important agricultural areas in the Yaqui and Mayo valleys in Sonora, Mexico. Drinking water sampling was conducted in the wells of 57 towns. A cross-sectional study was done in 306 children from 13 villages in the valleys. First morning void urine samples were analyzed for inorganic arsenic (InAs) and monomethyl and dimethyl arsenic (MMA and DMA) by HPLC/ICP-MS. The results showed a wide range of arsenic levels in drinking water between 2.7 and 98.7 μg As/L. Arsenic levels in agricultural and backyard soils were in the range of < 10-27 mg As/kg. The hazard index (HI) = ∑hazard quotient (HQ) for drinking water, agricultural soil, and backyard soil showed values > 1 in 100% of the study towns, and the carcinogenic risk (CR) was greater than 1E-04 in 85%. The average of arsenic excreted in urine was 31.7 μg As/L, and DMA had the highest proportion in urine, with averages of 77.8%, followed by InAs and MMA with 11.4 and 10.9%, respectively, percentages similar to those reported in the literature. Additionally, positive correlations between urinary arsenic levels and HI values were found (r = 0.59, P = 0.000). These results indicated that this population is at high risk of developing chronic diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia García-Rico
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., km 0.6 carretera a la Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Especialidad en Biotecnología, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 Sur, 85000, Cd., Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Diana Meza-Figueroa
- Departamento de Geología, División de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - A Jay Gandolfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, 1723 E. Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Carlos Ibañez Del Rivero
- Programa de Maestría, Departamento de Geología, División de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Marco A Martínez-Cinco
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Gral. Francisco J. Múgica SN, Felicitas del Río, 58040, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Maria M Meza-Montenegro
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 Sur, 85000, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, Mexico.
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14
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Hiller E, Filová L, Jurkovič Ľ, Lachká L, Kulikova T, Šimurková M. Arsenic in Playground Soils from Kindergartens and Green Recreational Areas of Bratislava City (Slovakia): Occurrence and Gastric Bioaccessibility. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 75:402-414. [PMID: 29770841 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0534-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, playground soils of kindergartens and green recreational zones in Bratislava were investigated for the occurrence and gastric bioaccessibility of arsenic (As) in the < 150 μm soil size fraction. Eighty topsoil (0-10 cm) samples were collected from playgrounds in kindergartens and green recreational zones throughout the urban area. Bioaccessibility measurements of As were performed using the Simple Bioaccessibility Extraction Test that mimics the human gastric environment, and resulting extracts were analyzed by hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry to assess bioaccessible As concentrations in the collected playground soils. Single selective chemical extractions using hydroxylamine hydrochloride-hydrochloric acid and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate solutions also were used to determine the amount of As associated with amorphous and amorphous/crystalline Fe oxy-hydroxides in soils, respectively. The results showed that the spatial distribution of total As concentrations was related to the historical development of the city, with higher soil concentrations of As found in the old city centre and related urban zones and the lower ones on the outskirts of Bratislava. There was a variation in the values of bioaccessible concentrations and fractions of As, with ranges from 0.40 to 5.60 mg/kg and 7.29 to 56.1%, respectively. Correlation and multivariable linear regression analyses revealed that bioaccessible concentrations of As were linearly related to its total concentrations in the soils, whereas dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate extractable Fe (FeDCB) was the main soil property, controlling the bioaccessibility of As. When the amount of FeDCB in the soils increased, As bioaccessibility decreased, confirming an importance of Fe bound to amorphous and crystalline iron oxy-hydroxides to the limitation of As bioaccessibility in urban playground soils of Bratislava. Additionally, single selective extractions showed that As concentrations extracted by hydroxylamine hydrochloride (AsHH) and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (AsDCB) were positively correlated with its bioaccessible concentrations (Spearman r = 0.75 and 0.62, respectively; p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Hiller
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Lenka Filová
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubomír Jurkovič
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Lachká
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tatsiana Kulikova
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Mária Šimurková
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Pinto BI, Lujan OR, Ramos SA, Propper CR, Kellar RS. Estrogen Mitigates the Negative Effects of Arsenic Contamination in an In Vitro Wound Model. APPLIED IN VITRO TOXICOLOGY 2018; 4:24-29. [PMID: 30956995 PMCID: PMC5881251 DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2017.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic, a naturally occurring environmental contaminant, is harmful to humans at elevated concentrations. Increased levels of arsenic in the environment occur as a result of human activities and from natural geologically sourced leaching into ground and surface water. These sources pose an exposure risk above the USEPA standard to individuals whose food and water sources become contaminated. Arsenic exposure negatively impacts organ function and increases the risk for developing pathologies, including cancer. Some of the effects of arsenic on cancer translate to normal cell function in wound healing. To evaluate whether arsenic influences wound healing, an in vitro scratch assay was employed to study the effects of arsenic on cellular migration, which is a key component in the normal wound-healing process. In this study, skin cells were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of arsenic, and wound closure was evaluated. Results indicated that arsenic significantly decreased the rate of cellular migration in the scratch assay when compared with controls. In addition, estradiol, which has been shown to positively influence cellular and tissue processes involved in wound healing, reversed the slowing effects of arsenic on wound closure. These results suggest that arsenic contamination may inhibit, and estrogen may provide a therapeutic benefit for individuals with arsenic-contaminated wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronson I. Pinto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
- Center for Bioengineering Innovation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
| | - Oscar R. Lujan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
| | - Stephan A. Ramos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
| | - Catherine R. Propper
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
- Center for Bioengineering Innovation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
| | - Robert S. Kellar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
- Center for Bioengineering Innovation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
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16
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Zhou Y, Mu G, Liu Y, Xiao L, Ma J, Wang B, Shi T, Tan A, Yuan J, Chen W. Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites, Club cell secretory protein and lung function. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 111:109-116. [PMID: 29190527 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been associated with lung function decline. However, the underlying mechanisms for the association remain unclear. OBJECTIVES To explore potential role of a lung epithelial biomarker, Club cell secretory protein (CC16), in associations between PAH exposures and lung function decline. METHODS We investigated 3384 adults from the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort, and followed up at three years after first examination. Linear mixed models was used to quantify dose-response relationships between urinary monohydroxylated PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs) and lung function, as well as OH-PAHs and plasma CC16. Mediation analysis was conducted to investigate role of CC16 in the association between OH-PAHs and lung function. We also estimated the relationships between OH-PAHs and lung function change in three years among participants with different levels of CC16. RESULTS Each 1-unit increase of log-transformed total urinary high and low molecular weight OH-PAHs (∑HMW OH-PAH and ∑LMW OH-PAHs) were associated with a 22.59 and 25.25ml reduction of FEV1 respectively, while∑HMW OH-PAH was associated with a 30.38ml reduction of FVC. Moreover, these negative associations between OH-PAHs and lung function levels were significant only among low CC16 group (<15.83ng/ml). CC16 concentration decreased monotonically with increased high molecular weight OH-PAHs (∑HMW OH-PAHs) when ∑HMW OH-PAH concentration was over 0.67μg/mmol Cr. CC16 mediated 22.13% of the association between ∑HMW OH-PAH and FVC among individuals with higher ∑HMW OH-PAH. After three years of follow-up, subjects with low level of plasma CC16 had a significant decline of FVC when exposed to high level of ∑HMW OH-PAH. CONCLUSIONS CC16 play an important role in the association between high molecular weight PAHs and FVC. Individuals with low plasma CC16 level might suffer a decline in lung function when exposed to high level of high molecular weight PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ge Mu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yuewei Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Lili Xiao
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jixuan Ma
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Tingming Shi
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Aijun Tan
- Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519060, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Zhou Y, Bao WW, Qian ZM, Dee Geiger S, Parrish KL, Yang BY, Lee YL, Dong GH. Perfluoroalkyl substance exposure and urine CC16 levels among asthmatics: A case-control study of children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 159:158-163. [PMID: 28802206 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have reported an association between serum perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and asthma. However, few studies have examined the possible associations between PFASs and the 16-kDa club cell secretory protein (Clara) (CC16) level, a prominent biomarker of asthma, among adolescents. METHODS We recruited a total of 231 asthmatic children and 225 non-asthmatic controls in the Genetic and Biomarkers study for Childhood Asthma (GBCA) in northern Taiwan from 2009 to 2010. Structured questionnaires were administered by face-to-face interview. Urine CC16 was determined by an enzyme-link immunoassay kit. Multiple general linear models were employed to examine the associations between PFASs and urinary CC16 levels. RESULTS Asthmatic participants had significantly higher serum PFAS concentrations overall than the healthy controls. After adjusting for confounding factors, urinary CC16 was significantly, negatively associated with PFASs, especially PFOS, PFOA, PFDA and PFNA, and especially among males, as follows: PFOS (β = -0.003, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.004, -0.002), PFOA (β = -0.045, 95% CI: -0.086, -0.004), and PFHxA (β = -0.310, 95% CI: -0.455, -0.165) among asthmatic boys, and PFDA (β = -0.126, 95%CI: -0.241, -0.012) and PFNA (β = -0.329, 95% CI: -0.526, -0.132) among non-asthmatic boys. Among girls, PFDA (β = -0.088, 95% CI: -0.172, -0.004), was the only PFAS significantly associated with CC16. Significant interaction effects (p < 0.15) on CC16 levels were found between asthma and PFOS, PFOA, PFBS and PFHxA in all participants. CONCLUSION Our overall results showed that serum PFASs were significantly, inversely associated with CC16 levels. Associations were stronger among males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wen-Wen Bao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis 63104, USA
| | - Sarah Dee Geiger
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Katelyn L Parrish
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis 63104, USA
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yungling Leo Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Henderson MW, Madenspacher JH, Whitehead GS, Thomas SY, Aloor JJ, Gowdy KM, Fessler MB. Effects of Orally Ingested Arsenic on Respiratory Epithelial Permeability to Bacteria and Small Molecules in Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:097024. [PMID: 28960179 PMCID: PMC5915208 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic exposure via drinking water impacts millions of people worldwide. Although arsenic has been associated epidemiologically with increased lung infections, the identity of the lung cell types targeted by peroral arsenic and the associated immune mechanisms remain poorly defined. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the impact of peroral arsenic on pulmonary antibacterial host defense. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were administered drinking water with 0, 250 ppb, or 25 ppm sodium arsenite for 5 wk and then challenged intratracheally with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or lipopolysaccharide. Bacterial clearance and immune responses were profiled. RESULTS Arsenic had no effect on bacterial clearance in the lung or on the intrapulmonary innate immune response to bacteria or lipopolysaccharide, as assessed by neutrophil recruitment to, and cytokine induction in, the airspace. Alveolar macrophage TNFα production was unaltered. By contrast, arsenic-exposed mice had significantly reduced plasma TNFα in response to systemic lipopolysaccharide challenge, together suggesting that the local airway innate immune response may be relatively preserved from arsenic intoxication. Despite intact intrapulmonary bacterial clearance during pneumonia, arsenic-exposed mice suffered dramatically increased bacterial dissemination to the bloodstream. Mechanistically, this was linked to increased respiratory epithelial permeability, as revealed by intratracheal FITC-dextran tracking, serum Club Cell protein 16 measurement, and other approaches. Consistent with barrier disruption at the alveolar level, arsenic-exposed mice had evidence for alveolar epithelial type 1 cell injury. CONCLUSIONS Peroral arsenic has little effect on local airway immune responses to bacteria but compromises respiratory epithelial barrier integrity, increasing systemic translocation of inhaled pathogens and small molecules. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1878.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Henderson
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer H Madenspacher
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gregory S Whitehead
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Seddon Y Thomas
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jim J Aloor
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kymberly M Gowdy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael B Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Children's Exposure to Environmental Contaminants: An Editorial Reflection of Articles in the IJERPH Special Issue Entitled, "Children's Exposure to Environmental Contaminants". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13111117. [PMID: 27834888 PMCID: PMC5129327 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Children are at increased vulnerability to many environmental contaminants compared to adults due to their unique behavior patterns, increased contaminant intake per body weight, and developing biological systems. Depending upon their age, young children may crawl on the floor and may practice increased hand to mouth activity that may increase their dose-intake of specific contaminants that accumulate in dust and other matrices. Children are also smaller in size than adults, resulting in a greater body burden for a given contaminant dose. Because children undergo rapid transitions through particular developmental stages they are also especially vulnerable during certain growth-related time windows. A Special Issue was organized focused on the latest findings in the field of children’s environmental exposure for these reasons. This editorial introduces articles in this Special Issue and emphasizes their main findings in advancing the field. From the many articles submitted to this Special Issue from around the world, 23 were accepted and published. They focus on a variety of research areas such as children’s activity patterns, improved risk assessment methods to estimate exposures, and exposures in various contexts and to various contaminants. The future health of a nation relies on protecting the children from adverse exposures and understanding the etiology of childhood diseases. The field of children’s environmental exposures must consider improved and comprehensive research methods aimed at introducing mitigation strategies locally, nationally, and globally. We are happy to introduce a Special Issue focused on children’s environmental exposure and children’s health and hope that it contributes towards improved health of children.
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García-Nieto V, Mancini D, Rodríguez-Carrasco E. Normal Levels of Urinary CC16 Protein. Comments on Beamer et al. Association of Children's Urinary CC16 Levels with Arsenic Concentrations in Multiple Environmental Media. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 521. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13100977. [PMID: 27782044 PMCID: PMC5086716 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor García-Nieto
- Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 38010, Spain.
| | - Domenico Mancini
- Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 38010, Spain.
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Response to García-Nieto et al. Comments on Beamer et al. Association of Children's Urinary CC16 Levels with Arsenic Concentrations in Multiple Environmental Media. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 521. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13100978. [PMID: 27782045 PMCID: PMC5086717 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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