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Different Transport Behaviors between Asian Dust and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Areas: Monitoring in Fukuoka and Kanazawa, Japan. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To clarify different effects of Asian dust (AD), long-range transported from Asian continent, on total suspended particles (TSP) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Japan, TSP were simultaneously collected during AD periods (from 1 March to 31 May 2020 and 2021) in Fukuoka and Kanazawa. During AD days, decided by Light Detection and Ranging and Japan Meteorological Agency, TSP concentrations increased significantly (p < 0.001) at two sampling sites. PAH concentrations increased in Kanazawa (p < 0.001) but not in Fukuoka on AD days. Correlation coefficients (r) between daily TSP and total PAHs concentrations were weak in Kanazawa: 0.521 (non-AD) and 0.526 (AD) (p < 0.01), and in Fukuoka: 0.321 (non-AD) and 0.059 (AD). However, correlation between seasonal (average monthly) TSP and total PAH concentrations were stronger: 0.680 (Kanazawa) and 0.751 (Fukuoka). The reasons might be that seasonal variations of TSP and total PAHs in two cities depend equally on planetary scale westerly, while daily TSP and total PAHs variations in each city varied by different transportation distances from AD and PAHs sources in the Asian continent to Japan. Different local sources and meteorological conditions were considered. These results are important for elucidating the causes of chronic and acute respiratory diseases.
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Characterization of Particulate Matter Species in an Area Impacted by Aggregate and Limestone Mining North of San Antonio, TX, USA. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aggregate and limestone mining in San Antonio’s Bexar and Comal counties in Texas, USA, has caused considerable health concerns as of late. Aggregate mining actions can result in localized air quality issues in any neighborhood. Furthermore, heavy truck traffic, hauling, and transportation of the mined material contribute to pollution. In this research, PM species were sampled at four locations north of the San Antonio city limits. The data were collected using a TSI Air Quality Sampler that sampled PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10, wind speed, wind direction, temperature, and relative humidity. Continuous data with 1 min averages were recorded during the study period from August to September 2019. The instrument was stationed at every location for a period of 7 days each. The four locations were a ranch, an open field, a residential compound, and an elementary school. PM1 and PM2.5 concentration levels were lower compared to PM10 concentrations at all four studied sites. Our results suggest that PM concentrations are primarily impacted by mining activities. PM species were highest at the residential compound due to its proximity to an active mining area, resulting in deleterious health effects for neighbors living in the vicinity of the sampled site.
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Abstract
Central Asia is one of the most important sources of mineral saline dust worldwide. A comprehensive understanding of Central Asian dust transport is essential for evaluating its impacts on human health, ecological safety, weather and climate. This study first puts forward an observation-based climatology of Central Asian dust transport flux by using the 3-D dust detection of Cloud-Aerosol LiDAR with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP). The seasonal difference of transport flux and downstream contribution are evaluated and compared with those of the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). Central Asian dust can be transported not only southward in summer under the effect of the South Asian summer monsoon, but also eastward in other seasons under the control of the westerly jet. Additionally, the transport of Central Asian dust across the Pamir Plateau to the Tibetan Plateau is also non-negligible, especially during spring (with a transport flux rate of 150 kg m−1 day−1). The annual CALIOP-based downstream contribution of Central Asian dust to South Asian (164.01 Tg) is 2.1 times that to East Asia (78.36 Tg). This can be attributed to the blocking effect of the higher terrain between Central and East Asia. Additionally, the downstream contributions to South and East Asia from MERRA-2 are only 0.36 and 0.84 times that of CALIOP, respectively. This difference implies the overestimation of the wet and dry depositions of the model, especially in the low latitude zone. The quantification of the Central Asian dust transport allows a better understanding of the Central Asian dust cycle, and supports the calibration/validation of aerosol-related modules of regional and global climate models.
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Barbolini N, Woutersen A, Dupont-Nivet G, Silvestro D, Tardif D, Coster PMC, Meijer N, Chang C, Zhang HX, Licht A, Rydin C, Koutsodendris A, Han F, Rohrmann A, Liu XJ, Zhang Y, Donnadieu Y, Fluteau F, Ladant JB, Le Hir G, Hoorn C. Cenozoic evolution of the steppe-desert biome in Central Asia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb8227. [PMID: 33036969 PMCID: PMC7546705 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb8227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The origins and development of the arid and highly seasonal steppe-desert biome in Central Asia, the largest of its kind in the world, remain largely unconstrained by existing records. It is unclear how Cenozoic climatic, geological, and biological forces, acting at diverse spatial and temporal scales, shaped Central Asian ecosystems through time. Our synthesis shows that the Central Asian steppe-desert has existed since at least Eocene times but experienced no less than two regime shifts, one at the Eocene-Oligocene Transition and one in the mid-Miocene. These shifts separated three successive "stable states," each characterized by unique floral and faunal structures. Past responses to disturbance in the Asian steppe-desert imply that modern ecosystems are unlikely to recover their present structures and diversity if forced into a new regime. This is of concern for Asian steppes today, which are being modified for human use and lost to desertification at unprecedented rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Barbolini
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Woutersen
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - G Dupont-Nivet
- Universität Potsdam, Institute of Geosciences, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes-UMR 6118, F-35000 Rennes, France
- Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - D Silvestro
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Ch. De Musée 10, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - D Tardif
- Institut de Physique du Globe, Paris 75005, France
| | - P M C Coster
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - N Meijer
- Universität Potsdam, Institute of Geosciences, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - C Chang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - H-X Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - A Licht
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - C Rydin
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Bergius Foundation, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Box 50005, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Koutsodendris
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - F Han
- School of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
| | - A Rohrmann
- Universität Potsdam, Institute of Geosciences, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - X-J Liu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Y Zhang
- The First Monitoring and Application Center, China Earthquake Administration, Tianjin 300180, China
| | - Y Donnadieu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE)/Institute Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Commissariat á l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA)-CNRS-Université de Versailles Saint Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement (IRD), Collège de France, Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement de Géosciences de l'Environnement (CEREGE), Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - F Fluteau
- Institut de Physique du Globe, Paris 75005, France
| | - J-B Ladant
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - G Le Hir
- Institut de Physique du Globe, Paris 75005, France
| | - C Hoorn
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Gutierrez MP, Zuidema P, Mirsaeidi M, Campos M, Kumar N. Association between African Dust Transport and Acute Exacerbations of COPD in Miami. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082496. [PMID: 32756441 PMCID: PMC7464868 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Air pollution is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Changing climate and weather patterns can modify the levels and types of air pollutants. For example, dust outbreaks increase particulate air pollution. Objective: This paper examines the effect of Saharan dust storms on the concentration of coarse particulate matter in Miami, and its association with the risk of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 296 COPD patients (with 313 events) were followed between 2013 and 2016. We used Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) and satellite-based Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) to identify dust events and quantify particulate matter (PM) exposure, respectively. Exacerbation events were modeled with respect to location- and time-lagged dust and PM exposures, using multivariate logistic regressions. Measurements and main results: Dust duration and intensity increased yearly during the study period. During dust events, AOD increased by 51% and particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) increased by 25%. Adjusting for confounders, ambient temperature and local PM2.5 exposure, one-day lagged dust exposure was associated with 4.9 times higher odds of two or more (2+ hereto after) AECOPD events (odds ratio = 4.9; 95% CI = 1.8–13.4; p < 0.001). Ambient temperature exposure also showed a significant association with 2+ and 3+ AECOPD events. The risk of AECOPD lasted up to 15 days after dust exposure, declining from 10× higher on day 0 to 20% higher on day 15. Conclusions: Saharan dust outbreaks observed in Miami elevate the concentration of PM and increase the risk of AECOPD in COPD patients with recurring exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paquita Zuidema
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA;
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.P.G.); (M.M.)
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL and Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Michael Campos
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL and Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (N.K.); Tel.: +1-305-243-4854 (M.C. & N.K.)
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (N.K.); Tel.: +1-305-243-4854 (M.C. & N.K.)
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Rublee CS, Sorensen CJ, Lemery J, Wade TJ, Sams EA, Hilborn ED, Crooks JL. Associations Between Dust Storms and Intensive Care Unit Admissions in the United States, 2000-2015. GEOHEALTH 2020; 4:e2020GH000260. [PMID: 32783014 PMCID: PMC7411550 DOI: 10.1029/2020gh000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change is influencing the incidence of dust storms and associated human exposure to coarse particulate matter (PM2.5-10) in the United States. Studies have found adverse health consequences related to dust exposure. These consequences include respiratory disease exacerbations and premature mortality, resulting in increased health care utilization. However, the impact of dust storms on critical care demand has not been studied in the United States. We seek to quantify the relationship between dust storms and surges in critical care demand by investigating the association between dust storms and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions at nearby hospitals from 2000 to 2015. ICU data were acquired from Premier, Inc. and encompass 15-20% of all ICU admissions in the United States. Dust storm, meteorology, and air pollutant data were downloaded from the U.S. National Weather Service, the U.S. National Climatic Data Center, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency websites, respectively. Associations between ICU admission and dust storms, controlling for temperature, dew point temperature, ambient PM2.5 and ozone, as well as seasonally varying confounders, were estimated using a distributed lag conditional Poisson model with overdispersion. We found a 4.8% (95% CI: 0.4, 9.4; p = 0.033) increase in total ICU admissions on the day of the dust storm (Lag 0) and a 9.2% (95% CI: 1.8, 17.0; p = 0.013) and 7.5% (95% CI: 0.3, 15.2; p = 0.040) increase in respiratory admissions at Lags 0 and 5. North American dust storms are associated with increases in same day and lagged demand for critical care services at nearby hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. S. Rublee
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA
| | - C. J. Sorensen
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA
| | - J. Lemery
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA
| | - T. J. Wade
- United States Environmental Protection AgencyChapel HillNCUSA
| | - E. A. Sams
- United States Environmental Protection AgencyChapel HillNCUSA
| | - E. D. Hilborn
- United States Environmental Protection AgencyChapel HillNCUSA
| | - J. L. Crooks
- Division of Biostatistics and BioinformaticsNational Jewish HealthDenverCOUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyColorado School of Public HealthAuroraCOUSA
- Now at National Jewish Health Main CampusDenverCOUSA
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Li J, Garshick E, Al-Hemoud A, Huang S, Koutrakis P. Impacts of meteorology and vegetation on surface dust concentrations in Middle Eastern countries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:136597. [PMID: 32050389 PMCID: PMC7085415 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Severe dust events have occurred frequently in arid regions, which greatly impacted air quality, climate, and public health. The Middle East is one of the areas in the world impacted by intense dust storms. We investigated the characteristics of airborne dust levels in five Middle Eastern countries (Kuwait, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Syria) from 2001 to 2017. Surface level dust concentrations were determined using the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2. Kuwait was selected as an example to assess sources and other factors influencing dust levels in arid regions. We performed backward trajectory analysis to identify the dust transport pathways. We quantitatively assessed the impacts of meteorological parameters along with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Dust levels in Kuwait were higher than the other four countries, and had a distinct seasonal pattern, with the highest in summer and the lowest in winter. Our results showed that dust levels in Kuwait in January were influenced largely by local emissions, whereas in June they were affected more by emissions attributable to long-distance transport. There were significant positive associations between wind speed in the five countries, particularly Iraq, with dust levels in Kuwait, indicating the impact of nearby desert areas. Significant negative associations were observed between NDVI in Kuwait, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia with dust levels in Kuwait. Our result highlights that climatic variations and vegetation conditions are associated with changes in dust levels in arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA
| | - Eric Garshick
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine Section, Medical Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02132, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ali Al-Hemoud
- Crisis Decision Support Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Shaodan Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA.
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, USA
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Nakamura T, Nishiwaki Y, Hashimoto K, Takeuchi A, Kitajima T, Komori K, Tashiro K, Hasunuma H, Ueda K, Shimizu A, Odajima H, Moriuchi H, Hashizume M. Association between Asian dust exposure and respiratory function in children with bronchial asthma in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:8. [PMID: 32131724 PMCID: PMC7057478 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the adverse effects of Asian dust (AD) on respiratory function in children are scarce. The objective of this study was to examine the association between AD and respiratory function by measuring peak expiratory flow rates (PEFRs) in asthmatic children. METHODS The study was carried out from March to May from 2014 through 2016. One hundred ten children with bronchial asthma were recruited from four hospitals in the Goto Islands and south Nagasaki area in Nagasaki prefecture. The parents were asked to record their children's PEFRs every morning/evening and clinical symptoms in an asthma diary. AD was assessed from light detection and ranging data, and a linear mixed-effects model was used to estimate the effects of AD on daily PEFR. Time-stratified case-crossover analyses were performed to examine the association between AD and asthma attacks defined by reduction levels in PEFR. RESULTS AD was detected on 11 days in the Goto Islands, and on 23 days in the south Nagasaki area. After adjusting for age, sex, temperature, and daily oxidants, we found a consistent association between AD and a 1.1% to 1.7% decrease in PEFR in the mornings and a 0.7% to 1.3% decrease in the evenings at a lag of 0 to 5 days. AD was not associated with the number of asthma attacks, respiratory symptoms, or other symptoms at any lag days examined. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to AD was associated with reduced PEFR, although the effects were not large enough to induce clinically apparent symptoms, in clinically well-controlled asthmatic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nakamura
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishiwaki
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kunio Hashimoto
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ayano Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tasuku Kitajima
- Department of Paediatrics, Nagasaki Goto Chuoh Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Komori
- Department of Paediatrics, Nagasaki Kamigoto Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kasumi Tashiro
- Department of Paediatrics, Isahaya General Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Kayo Ueda
- Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Odajima
- Department of Paediatrics, Fukuoka National Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Moriuchi
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Jaramillo-Mejía MC, Chernichovsky D. Impact of desertification and land degradation on Colombian children. Int J Public Health 2018; 64:67-73. [PMID: 30019136 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-018-1144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Desertification affected more than 24% of Colombia's land mass in 2012. The study aims to establish the singular impact of desertification on under-five mortality in Colombia. METHODS Descriptive statistics and multivariate logit regressions are applied to the population of live births and under-five deaths in Colombia 2008-2011. RESULTS Children have a higher probability to die in rural communities and among mothers with low education who also have inferior health insurance. Controlling for those, desertification below about 50% of the land, lowers child mortality and increases it after that percentage. The impact of extraction of hydrocarbons is 12.45, metals 5.73 and others 4.91 times higher in municipalities with more than 50% of desertification territory. Rural areas with high desertification have 2.25 times higher risk of mortality due to malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS In the short term, when mines have less or no effect on desertification, living conditions may improve and reduce child mortality. In the long term, however, as desertification intensifies affecting the ecosystem, child mortality increases. More research is needed, and policy formulated accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dov Chernichovsky
- Department of Health Administration, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Dirty Water, Muddied Politics: Hybridisation of Local and National Opposition to Kumtor Mine, Kyrgyzstan. LAND 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/land7020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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