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van Schoor NM, de Jongh RT, Lips P, Deeg DJH, Kok AAL. Long-term trajectories of peak expiratory flow rate in older men and women show linear decline mainly determined by baseline levels. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:93. [PMID: 38627297 PMCID: PMC11021284 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) predicts mortality and other negative health outcomes. However, little evidence exists on how PEFR changes with ageing and how trajectories of change differ among older people. AIMS To identify trajectories of PEFR in older men and women, and to study characteristics associated with these trajectories. METHODS Data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam were used, an ongoing cohort study in a representative sample of Dutch older men and women. PEFR was assessed using the Mini-Wright peak flow meter across a 13-year follow-up in 991 men and 1107 women. Trajectories were analyzed using Latent Class Growth Analysis. RESULTS Mean age was 72.5 (SD 8.4) in men and 72.4 (SD 8.4) in women. In men, three declining trajectories were identified, i.e. high, intermediate and low, with prevalences of 30%, 46% and 24%, respectively. In women, two declining trajectories were identified, i.e. high and low, with prevalences of 62 and 38%. All trajectories showed linear decline and differed mostly with regard to their intercept. Significant differences between trajectories with regard to baseline demographic, health and lifestyle characteristics were observed, e.g., men and women in the low PEFR trajectory were older, had more chronic diseases, and were more often smoker. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Trajectories in both men and women differ mainly in baseline level of PEFR and not in rate of decline over time. Therefore, one PEFR measurement might be sufficient to give an indication of the trajectory that an older adult is likely to follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasja M van Schoor
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Renate T de Jongh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Lips
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorly J H Deeg
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Almar A L Kok
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Chen X, Zhu T, Wang Q, Wang T, Chen W, Yao Y, Xu Y, Qiu X. Higher temperature and humidity exacerbate pollutant-associated lung dysfunction in the elderly. Environ Res 2024; 245:118039. [PMID: 38147919 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Air pollution and extreme temperature and humidity are risk factors for lung dysfunction, but their interactions are not clearly understood. OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of exposure to air pollutants and meteorological factors on lung function, and the contribution of their interaction to the overall effect. METHODS The peak expiratory flow rates of 135 participants were repeatedly measured during up to four visits. Two weeks before each visit, the concentrations of gaseous pollutants and 19 fine particle components, and the temperature and relative humidity, were continuously monitored in the community where they lived. A Bayesian Kernel machine regression model was used to explore the non-linear exposure-response relationships of the peak expiratory flow rate with pollutant exposure and meteorological factors, and their interactions. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Increased temperature and relative humidity could exacerbate pollutant-associated decline in the peak expiratory flow rate, although their associations with lung dysfunction disappeared after adjustment for pollutant exposure. For example, declines of peak expiratory flow rate associated with interquartile range increase of 3-day cadmium exposure were -0.03 and -0.07 units, when temperature was at 0.1 and 19.5 °C, respectively. Decreased temperature were associated with declines of peak expiratory flow rate after adjustment for pollutant exposure, and had interaction with pollutant exposure on lung dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS High temperature, low temperature, and high humidity were all high-risk factors for lung dysfunction, and their interactions with pollutant levels contributed greatly to the overall effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Human Settlement in Green Building, Shenzhen Institute of Building Research Co., Ltd., Xiongan, 071700, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Teng Wang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wu Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Kyejo W, Matillya N, Ismail N, Gachocha G, Salum H, Iseme R, Noorani M. The anthropometric determinants of peak expiratory flow rate among children in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:42. [PMID: 38218839 PMCID: PMC10787460 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is an important tool for assessing lung function, which can be affected by environmental and physical factors such as altitude, nutrition, genetics, age, height, and weight. Conducting a study to assess the correlation between peak expiratory flow rate and anthropometric measurements in Tanzanian schoolchildren is crucial to derive a population-specific prediction formula and further simplify respiratory health assessment. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in a single center private primary and secondary school in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania using data from an asthma screening camp. Variables of interest were height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) and PEFR. Independent t-test was performed to identify any differences in mean flow rate values between different ethnicities and genders. Correlation coefficients (r) were used to observe the relationship between PEFR and anthropometric measurements. A prediction equation by gender was generated using linear regression analysis. Statistical significance was set at the 5% level. All statistical data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. RESULTS The study involved 260 participants with a mean age of 9.5 years. Males were 51.2% and 65% of participants were of Asian ethnicity. PEFR was not observed to differ across the different ethnic groups and genders. Height was found to have the strongest correlation coefficient of 0.745, while BMI had the weakest correlation coefficient of 0.366. The strongest correlation was found with height for females (r = 0.787), while the weakest was with body mass index for boys (r = 0.203). The derived prediction equation for males was PEFR = 279.169 (Height of Student in meters) -134.12, while the predictive equation for females was PEFR = 318.32 (Height of Student in meters) -195.69. CONCLUSION This study found a strong correlation between PEFR and anthropometric characteristics in school children from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A prediction equation by gender for PEFR was developed based on anthropometric characteristics. This equation may be applied in population-based studies or situations where peak flow meters are not readily available. Further research is needed to explore how well this prediction formula performs in other Tanzanian settings and to determine other factors that may affect lung function in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willbroad Kyejo
- Department of Family Medicine, Aga Khan University, P.O. Box 38129, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Nancy Matillya
- Department of Family Medicine, Aga Khan University, P.O. Box 38129, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Neelam Ismail
- Department of Family Medicine, Aga Khan University, P.O. Box 38129, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Gloria Gachocha
- Department of Family Medicine, Aga Khan University, P.O. Box 38129, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Hajaj Salum
- Department of Pediatrics and Child health, Aga Khan University, P.O. Box 38129, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Rosebella Iseme
- Department of Population Health, Aga Khan University, GPO, P.O. Box 30270-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mariam Noorani
- Department of Pediatrics and Child health, Aga Khan University, P.O. Box 38129, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
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Lowell ER, Borders JC, Perry SE, Dakin AE, Sevitz JS, Kuo SH, Troche MS. Sensorimotor Cough Dysfunction in Cerebellar Ataxias. Cerebellum 2023:10.1007/s12311-023-01635-0. [PMID: 38032397 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxias are neurological conditions with a high prevalence of aspiration pneumonia and dysphagia. Recent research shows that sensorimotor cough dysfunction is associated with airway invasion and dysphagia in other neurological conditions and may increase the risk of pneumonia. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize sensorimotor cough function and its relationship with ataxia severity. Thirty-seven participants with cerebellar ataxia completed voluntary and/or reflex cough testing. Ataxia severity was assessed using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). Linear multilevel models revealed voluntary cough peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) estimates of 2.61 L/s and cough expired volume (CEV) estimates of 0.52 L. Reflex PEFR (1.82 L/s) and CEV (0.34 L) estimates were lower than voluntary PEFR and CEV estimates. Variability was higher for reflex PEFR (15.74% coefficient of variation [CoV]) than voluntary PEFR (12.13% CoV). 46% of participants generated at least two, two-cough responses following presentations of reflex cough stimuli. There was a small inverse relationship between ataxia severity and voluntary PEFR (β = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.09 - -0.01 L) and ataxia severity and voluntary CEV (β = -0.01, 95% CI: -0.02 - -0.004 L/s). Relationships between reflex cough motor outcomes (PEFR β = 0.03, 95% CI: -0.007-0.07 L/s; CEV β = 0.007, 95% CI: -0.004-0.02 L) and ataxia severity were not statistically robust. Results indicate that voluntary and reflex cough sensorimotor dysfunction is present in cerebellar ataxias and that increased severity of ataxia symptoms may impact voluntary cough function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie R Lowell
- Laboratory for the Study of Upper Airway Dysfunction, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 W 120th St, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - James C Borders
- Laboratory for the Study of Upper Airway Dysfunction, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 W 120th St, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Sarah E Perry
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- University of Canterbury Rose Centre for Stroke Recovery & Research at St. George's Medical Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Avery E Dakin
- Laboratory for the Study of Upper Airway Dysfunction, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 W 120th St, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Jordanna S Sevitz
- Laboratory for the Study of Upper Airway Dysfunction, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 W 120th St, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- The Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle S Troche
- Laboratory for the Study of Upper Airway Dysfunction, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 W 120th St, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Kera T, Kawai H, Ejiri M, Ito K, Hirano H, Fujiwara Y, Ihara K, Obuchi S. Respiratory sarcopenia is a predictor of all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older adults-The Otassha Study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023. [PMID: 37313652 PMCID: PMC10401542 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kera
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Care, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kawai
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Ejiri
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ito
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Hirano
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujiwara
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushige Ihara
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shuichi Obuchi
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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Wagdy R, El-Deriny G. Evaluation of cardiac function in asthmatic children by Tissue Doppler Echocardiography. Egypt Heart J 2023; 75:38. [PMID: 37133715 PMCID: PMC10156881 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-023-00363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial asthma is a global health problem with rising prevalence in developing countries. Children with severe asthma can experience cor pulmonale later in life, but little is known about the cardiac changes that might be present earlier in mild or moderate severity of disease. This study aimed to evaluate biventricular function among children suffering from persistent asthma by Tissue Doppler Echocardiography (TDE). RESULTS Thirty-five asthmatic children enrolled from Alexandria Children's Hospital between September 2021 to May 2022; they were compared to 35 healthy matched children. Chronic respiratory disease, cardiac disease, or other comorbidities were excluded. The mean age of cases was 8.87 ± 2.03 years with a male/female ratio of 54.3%:45.7%. There were 28.3% mild cases, 45.7% moderate, and 25.7% severe. Conventional echocardiographic variables of cardiac function were normal for both ventricles. The TDE indices of medial mitral annulus (S' velocity and peak E') were significantly reduced (14.55 ± 2.30 and 14.69 ± 2.30) versus controls (15.68 ± 1.96, 15.69 ± 1.76, P; 0.044, P < 0.0045) but with preserved LV function. The lateral tricuspid annulus (S' velocity and peak E') was significantly reduced (11.53 ± 3.24 and 11.56 ± 3.18) versus controls (15.71 ± 0.98, 16.02 ± 1.75, < 0.001*), while E/A and IVRT were significantly increased (1.49 ± 0.06 versus 1.70 ± 0.18 and 102.39 ± 5.37 versus 140.10 ± 34.35, respectively, P < 0.001*) with impaired RV function. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was negatively correlated with the IVRT of the tricuspid annulus (P = 0.002, r = -0.503*) and to the E'/A' (P = 0.036, r =-0.355*). All TDE variables of lateral tricuspid annulus of severe subgroups were significantly changed versus moderate or mild subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Tissue Doppler echocardiography is the recommended modality for early detection of biventricular cardiac dysfunction among children with different levels of asthma severity. Periodic screening is advised through the use of IVRT especially for RV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Wagdy
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicne, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ghada El-Deriny
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicne, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Madike R, Muecke T, Dishnica N, Zhu L, Tan S, Kovoor J, Stretton B, Gupta A, Harroud A, Bersten A, Schultz D, Bacchi S. A vital parameter? Systematic review of spirometry in evaluation for intensive care unit admission and intubation and ventilation for Guillain-Barré syndrome. J Clin Neurosci 2023; 113:13-19. [PMID: 37146475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2023.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) may require intensive care unit (ICU) admission for intubation and ventilation (I + V). The means to predict which patients will require I + V include spirometry measures. The aims of this study were to determine, for adult patients with GBS, how effectively different spirometry parameter thresholds predict the need for ICU admission and the requirement for I + V; and what effects these different parameter thresholds have on GBS patient outcomes. METHOD A systematic review was conducted of the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The systematic review was registered prospectively on PROSPERO. RESULTS Initial searches returned 1011 results, of which 8 fulfilled inclusion criteria. All included studies were observational in nature. Multiple studies suggest that a vital capacity below 60% of predicted value on admission is associated with the need for eventual I + V. No included studies evaluated peak expiratory flow rate, or interventions with different thresholds for ICU or I + V. CONCLUSIONS There is a relationship between vital capacity and the need for I + V. However, there is limited evidence supporting specific thresholds for I + V. In addition to evaluating these factors, future research may evaluate the effect of different patient characteristics, including clinical presentation, weight, age, and respiratory comorbidities, on the effectiveness of spirometry parameters in the prediction of the need for I + V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Madike
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia; Health and Information, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Thomas Muecke
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia; Health and Information, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
| | - Noel Dishnica
- Health and Information, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; Flinders University, Bedford Park SA 5042, Australia
| | - Linyi Zhu
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia; Health and Information, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sheryn Tan
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia; Health and Information, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
| | - Joshua Kovoor
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia; Health and Information, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
| | - Brandon Stretton
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia; Health and Information, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
| | - Aashray Gupta
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia; Health and Information, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Adil Harroud
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | | | - David Schultz
- Flinders University, Bedford Park SA 5042, Australia
| | - Stephen Bacchi
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia; Health and Information, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; Flinders University, Bedford Park SA 5042, Australia; Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
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Anshu, Singh N, Deka S, Saraswati P, Sindhwani G, Goel A, Kumari R. The effect of yoga on pulmonary function in patients with asthma: A meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2023; 50:101682. [PMID: 36403343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is one of the most common non-communicable diseases. Yoga with physical postures, breathing exercises, meditation, and relaxation may play an essential role in the complementary management of lower respiratory diseases. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of yoga (posture, breathing exercises, and meditation) on pulmonary function tests, asthma control tests, and health-related quality of adult asthmatic patients. METHODS MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Clinical Key, and Academia electronic search engines were explored to search the relevant literature. The present study included adult asthmatic patients (age -18 and 60 years) with mild to moderate asthma, per GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma) guidelines. The effect of yoga was assessed on the following outcomes; pulmonary function tests, including FeV1 (Forced expiratory volume 1 s), FVC (Forced vital capacity), FeV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), health-related quality of life, and asthma control test. A fixed-effect model was applied to compute significance for statistical heterogeneity. P-value <0.05 was considered for statistical significance. RESULTS Finally, fifteen articles were included for meta-analysis. The forest plot for overall effect of yoga intervention and usual care favors the yoga intervention for improvement in pulmonary function as FeV1 (SMD = 0.96, CI = 0.77-1.14, I2 = 54%), FVC (SMD = 0.35, CI = 0.14-0.55, p = 0.11, I2 = 50%), Fev1/FVC (SMD = 0.18, CI = -0.38-0.02, p = 0.02, I2 = 50%), PEFR (SMD = 0.38, CI = 0.18-0.58, p = 0.0003, I2 = 0%), asthma control test (SMD = 0.16, CI = 0.15-0.48, p = 0.31, I2 = 86%) and health-related quality of life (SMD = 0.26, CI = 0.18-0.34, p = 0.02, I2 = 51%) of asthmatic patients. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis provides a moderate level of evidence regarding yoga as a complementary therapy in managing mild to moderate asthmatic patients. It also adds to the current knowledge of the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu
- Pulmonary Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.
| | - Narendra Singh
- Department of Yogic Science, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, India.
| | - Sangeeta Deka
- Department of Microbiology, Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College, Barpeta, Assam, India.
| | - Priyanka Saraswati
- Department of Humanistic Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, India.
| | - Girish Sindhwani
- Pulmonary Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.
| | - Arun Goel
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.
| | - Ranjeeta Kumari
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.
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Kamimura T, Nakamori M, Naito H, Aoki S, Nezu T, Imamura E, Mizoue T, Wakabayashi S, Masuda T, Hattori N, Maruyama H, Hosomi N. Peak expiratory flow, but not tongue pressure, can predict pneumonia development in older adults. Eur Geriatr Med 2023; 14:211-217. [PMID: 36640229 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-023-00744-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in aging populations. Major causes of pneumonia in older adults are swallowing dysfunction and decreased airway clearance capacity, including an impaired cough reflex. Maximal tongue pressure is useful for evaluating swallowing function, and peak expiratory flow indirectly reflects cough strength. However, it is unclear whether they can predict pneumonia development in older adults. In this study, we investigated whether tongue pressure and peak expiratory flow could predict pneumonia development in older adults. METHODS This two-center prospective observational study included older adults aged 65 years or older without respiratory disease or head and neck cancer. We enrolled 383 consenting participants, many of whom had a history of stroke, and followed them for 2 years. The association between time to pneumonia development and tongue pressure or peak expiratory flow at enrollment was examined in a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 77.1 ± 6.2 years, and 36.0% of them were women. The mean tongue pressure was 35.4 ± 10.5 kPa and median peak expiratory flow was 218 L/min at enrollment. Six patients developed pneumonia during the study period. A low peak expiratory flow at enrollment was significantly associated with pneumonia development in the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, but this association was not observed for tongue pressure. CONCLUSION Decreased peak expiratory flow may predict pneumonia development in older adults. Future studies should investigate interventions for peak expiratory flow improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Kamimura
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamori
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-City, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Naito
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shiro Aoki
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Nezu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eiji Imamura
- Department of Neurology, Suiseikai Kajikawa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mizoue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suiseikai Kajikawa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Molecular and Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naohisa Hosomi
- Department of Neurology, Chikamori Hospital, Kochi, Japan.,Department of Disease Model, Research Institute of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Singhal A, Kumar L, Agarwal VK, Bist SS, Agrawal N. Effect of Adenotonsillectomy on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate Among Children. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:6491-6496. [PMID: 36742536 PMCID: PMC9895728 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02748-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is one of the commonest causes of upper airway obstruction in children. It can cause hypoxic state by impairing pulmonary functions. Peak expiratory flow rate is a basic, convenient and reliable indicator of pulmonary function in children. To study the improvement in pulmonary functions by assessing Peak expiratory flow rate, before and after adenotonsillectomy in children. DESIGN Cross sectional, prospective, observational study. SETTING Department of otorhinolaryngology in tertiary care centre. SUBJECTS Included 40 children aged between 5 and 15 years, who had adenotonsillar hypertrophy and underwent adenotonsillectomy. METHOD Diagnostic nasal endoscopy and X-ray, nasopharynx, was done to assess the grade of adenoid hypertrophy endoscopically and radiologically respectively. Peak expiratory flow rate was assessed using Mini Wright peak expiratory flow meter pre-operatively and 1 month post-operatively and both the readings were compared. Subjective improvement was also compared pre-operatively and post-operatively using visual analogue score. This study included 40 patients with male to female ratio of 1.6:1, 92.5% presented with mouth breathing. 92.5% presented with grade III tonsillar hypertrophy and 70% with grade III adenoid hypertrophy endoscopically. After adenotonsillectomy, improvement in Peak expiratory flow rate ranged from 16 to 25.3% which was statistically significant. Patients with grade III tonsillar and grade IV adenoid hypertrophy showed 25.3% improvement. Subjective improvement was 98.8% in the complaint of snoring. Adenotonsillectomy significantly improves pulmonary functions. This may help to improve physical and cognitive development in children and decrease chances of getting cardiopulmonary problems in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshi Singhal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248140 India
| | - Lovneesh Kumar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248140 India
| | - Vinish Kumar Agarwal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248140 India
| | - Sampan Singh Bist
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248140 India
| | - Nitika Agrawal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248140 India
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11
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Chang LT, Liu IJ, Chang TY, Hong GB, Lin LY, Chuang HC, Ho KF, Chuang KJ. Association of long-term indoor exposure to fine particles with pulmonary effects in Northern Taiwan. Sci Total Environ 2022; 821:153097. [PMID: 35041956 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An association between short-term indoor exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) and acute respiratory effects has been reported. It is still unclear whether long-term indoor exposure to PM2.5 is associated with pulmonary events. This study recruited 1023 healthy adult homeworkers to conduct a prospective observational study from 2010 to 2021. Four repeated home visits per year were conducted for each participant to measure 24-hour PM2.5 and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and to collect blood samples for absolute eosinophil count (AEC) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) analysis. Additionally, a questionnaire related to personal characteristics, health status and home characteristics was conducted for each participant. The mixed-effects models showed a significant association of PM2.5 with increased CEA and AEC and decreased % predicted PEFR. No significant association between low-level PM2.5 exposure (10-year mean level < 10 μg/m3) and adverse pulmonary effects was observed. The present study concluded that long-term indoor exposure to PM2.5 at a concentration higher than 10 μg/m3 was associated with adverse pulmonary effects among healthy adult homeworkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Te Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Jung Liu
- Department of Nursing, College of Health and Nursing, National Quemoy University, Kinmen County, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gui-Bing Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Yu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jen Chuang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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12
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Choi J, Baek S, Kim G, Park HW. Peak Voluntary Cough Flow and Oropharyngeal Dysphagia as Risk Factors for Pneumonia. Ann Rehabil Med 2022; 45:431-439. [PMID: 35000368 PMCID: PMC8743843 DOI: 10.5535/arm.21068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between voluntary peak cough flow (PCF), oropharyngeal dysphagia, and pneumonia in patients who were evaluated with videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS). Methods Patients who underwent both VFSS and PCF measurement on the same day were enrolled retrospectively (n=821). Pneumonia (n=138) and control (n=683) groups were assigned based on presence of pneumonia within 1 month from the date of VFSS assessment. In addition, sex, age (<65 and ≥65 years), preceding conditions, modified Barthel Index (MBI), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), PCF value (<160, ≥160 and <270, and ≥270 L/min), and presence of aspiration/penetration on VFSS were reviewed. Results Pneumonia group was more likely to be male (n=108; 78.3%), ≥65 years (n=121; 87.7%), with neurodegenerative (n=25; 18.1%) or other miscellaneous diseases (n=50; 36.2%), and in poor functional level with lower value of MBI (39.1±26.59). However, MMSE was not significantly different in comparison to that of the control group. The pneumonia group was also more likely to have dysphagia (82.6%) and lower value of PCF (<160 L/min, 70.3%). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, male sex (odd ratio [OR]=6.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.70–16.26), other miscellaneous diseases as preceding conditions (OR=2.52; 95% CI, 1.14–5.58), dysphagia (OR=3.82; 95% CI, 1.42–10.23), and PCF <160 L/min (OR=14.34; 95% CI, 1.84–111.60) were factors significantly related with pneumonia. Conclusion Impaired swallowing and coughing function showed an independent association with the development of pneumonia. Patients with PCF <160 L/min require more attention with lung care and should be encouraged with voluntary coughing strategy to prevent possible pulmonary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoon Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sora Baek
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Gowun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hee-Won Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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13
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Fujita K, Ohkubo H, Nakano A, Takeda N, Fukumitsu K, Fukuda S, Kanemitsu Y, Uemura T, Tajiri T, Maeno K, Ito Y, Oguri T, Ozawa Y, Murase T, Niimi A. Decreased peak expiratory flow rate associated with mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A preliminary report. Chron Respir Dis 2022; 19:14799731221114153. [PMID: 35792724 PMCID: PMC9272050 DOI: 10.1177/14799731221114153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is known to decrease in patients with sarcopenia. However, little is known about the clinical impact of the PEFR in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study aimed to confirm whether a decrease in PEFR over 6 months was associated with survival in IPF patients. Methods Consecutive IPF patients who had been assessed at a single center were retrospectively analyzed. The relative decline in PEFR over 6 months was assessed. Survival analyses were performed by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. Results A total of 61 eligible cases (average age 70 years) were examined, and 21 patients (34.4%) died. The univariate Cox regression analysis showed that the body mass index, baseline % predicted forced vital capacity (FVC), baseline % predicted PEFR, % predicted diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), relative decline in FVC, and relative decline in PEFR were prognostic factors. On multivariate analyses, relative decline in PEFR (hazard ratio [HR] 1.037, p < .05) and baseline % predicted FVC (HR 0.932, p < .001) were independent prognostic factors, whereas relative decline in FVC was not. Conclusion A decrease in PEFR after 6 months may predict worse survival in patients with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Fujita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 38386Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ohkubo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 38386Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akiko Nakano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, 36975Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norihisa Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 38386Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kensuke Fukumitsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 38386Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 38386Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kanemitsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 38386Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takehiro Uemura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 38386Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tajiri
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 38386Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken Maeno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 38386Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 38386Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Oguri
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 38386Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ozawa
- Department of Radiology, 38386Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Murase
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 38386Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akio Niimi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 38386Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Goyal M, Guglani V, Kumar P, Randev S. Once-Daily vs. Twice-Daily Administration of Inhaled Budesonide for Mild and Moderate Well-Controlled Childhood Asthma: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Indian J Pediatr 2022; 89:13-18. [PMID: 34008052 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-021-03753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare median change in morning peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and clinical asthma control in children receiving total daily dosage of inhaled budesonide administered either as once-daily or divided twice-daily dose. METHODS It was a randomized, parallel group, open label, noninferiority trial on 80 children aged 5-12 y with mild or moderate well-controlled asthma. Baseline parameters were recorded and subjects received inhaled budesonide either as once-daily or divided twice-daily dose. Primary outcome was median change in morning PEFR. Secondary outcomes included median change in evening and diurnal variation in PEFR, asthma symptom control as per Global Initiative for Asthma, 2017 and Asthma Control Questionnaire, and spirometric measurements taken at the clinic. RESULTS The median [interquartile range (IQR)] increase in morning PEFR was more in children receiving once-daily as compared to those receiving twice-daily inhaled budesonide (by 6:00 L/min; IQR: -44.00-63.00 L/min vs. 4:00 L/min; IQR: -67.50-67.50 L/min, p 0.222; 95% CI: -1.37 to 19.08). Other spirometric variables and symptoms scores were also nonsignificant except median change in evening PEFR which was in favor of twice-daily regimen. CONCLUSION Once-daily administration of inhaled budesonide is noninferior to twice-daily administration of equivalent daily dosage of inhaled budesonide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Goyal
- Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, 160047, India
| | - Vishal Guglani
- Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, 160047, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, 160047, India.
| | - Shivani Randev
- Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, 160047, India
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15
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Zorampari C, Prakash A, Rehan HS, Gupta LK. Serum dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and eosinophil cationic protein levels in patients of bronchial asthma. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2021; 72:102109. [PMID: 34979240 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2021.102109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Zorampari
- Lady Hardinge Medical College & Smt. S.K. Hospital, New Delhi, 110 001, India
| | - Anupam Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, India
| | - Harmeet S Rehan
- Lady Hardinge Medical College & Smt. S.K. Hospital, New Delhi, 110 001, India
| | - Lalit K Gupta
- Lady Hardinge Medical College & Smt. S.K. Hospital, New Delhi, 110 001, India.
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16
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Farshadfar K, Sohooli M, Shekouhi R, Taherinya A, Qorbani M, Rezaei-Kojani M. The effects of nebulized ketamine and intravenous magnesium sulfate on corticosteroid resistant asthma exacerbation; a randomized clinical trial. Asthma Res Pract 2021; 7:15. [PMID: 34847965 PMCID: PMC8630847 DOI: 10.1186/s40733-021-00081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Asthma exacerbation is defined as an acute attack of shortness of breath with more than 25% decrease in morning peak flow compared to the baseline on 2 consecutive days, which requires immediate standard therapy. The majority of asthmatic patients are considered to be steroid-sensitive; however, corticosteroid-resistant asthma is a subset of asthma with poor response to corticosteroids and is responsible for frequent hospital admissions. In this study we aimed to compare the effects of two enhancing strategies, the nebulized ketamine and IV magnesium sulfate, in treatment of severe steroid resistant asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients who presented to a referral clinic in Alborz, Iran. Using random allocation, patients were divided into two groups. The first group was treated with nebulized ketamine and the second group was treated with intravenous magnesium sulfate. Peak expiratory flow rates were assessed before the intervention, 30 and 60 min after the intervention and compared with the aid of SPSS software. RESULTS The Peak expiratory flow rates before the intervention, 30 min and 60 min after the intervention was statistically significantly different in both ketamine and magnesium sulfate groups. Peak expiratory flow rates change between 0 and 60 min were 29.4 and 15.2% in the ketamine and magnesium sulfate group respectively. Although the ketamine group showed much higher increase in mean PEFR compared to the MgSO4 groups, there was no statistically significant difference across both groups. CONCLUSION Our study concluded that combined with standard therapy, both ketamine and IV magnesium sulfate are effective agents in the improvement of PEFR in patients with acute severe asthma that failed to respond to traditional therapies. However, there were no statistically significant difference between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Sohooli
- Colorectal Research Center, Department of Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Shekouhi
- Colorectal Research Center, Department of Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Taherinya
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shahid Rajaei Educational and Medical Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Taleghani Boulevard, Taleghani Square, P.O. Box 31497-79453, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Epidemiology and Vital Statistics, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rezaei-Kojani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shahid Rajaei Educational and Medical Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Taleghani Boulevard, Taleghani Square, P.O. Box 31497-79453, Karaj, Iran.
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17
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Kim M, Kim YM, Lee JY, Yang HK, Kim H, Ahn S, Baek SY, Kim J, Ahn K. Seasonal and monthly variation in peak expiratory flow rate in children with asthma. Asia Pac Allergy 2021; 11:e19. [PMID: 34007829 PMCID: PMC8103013 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2021.11.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although understanding the seasonal patterns of asthma deterioration is important to prevent asthma exacerbation, previous approaches have limitations in evaluating the actual trend of asthma exacerbation. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the seasonal and monthly variations in the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) among children with asthma. Methods A total of 89 patients with asthma were enrolled between December 2012 and March 2015. The PEFR in the morning and evening was recorded daily, and the percentage change in PEFR from baseline was calculated. Generalized estimating equation models were constructed after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and sensitization to house dust mites or pollen. Results The PEFR records of 11,222 person-days showed a significant decrease in the morning and evening in autumn than in winter by -1.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], -3.73 to -0.15) and -2.1% (95% CI, -3.80 to -0.37), respectively. The morning PEFR was significantly lower in April, August, October, and December than in January with changes of -4.2% (95% CI, -7.08 to -1.23) in April, -3.1% (95% CI, -5.79 to -0.47) in August, -3.7% (95% CI, -6.09 to -1.21) in October, and -1.9% (95% CI, -3.62 to -0.12) in December. The percentage change of evening PEFR significantly decreased by -3.3% (95% CI, -6.38 to -0.25) in April and by -3.3% (95% CI, -5.56 to -1.07) in October. Conclusion The PEFR in children with asthma was lower in autumn than in winter. In terms of monthly patterns, the PEFR was significantly reduced in April and October than in January. These results can serve as a basis for preventing asthma exacerbations by developing seasonal or monthly management strategies for children with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hea-Kyoung Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Oz Pediatrics Clinic, Yongin, Korea
| | - Hyunmi Kim
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soohyun Ahn
- Department of Mathematics, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Baek
- Statistics and Data Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kangmo Ahn
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hasunuma H, Takeuchi A, Ono R, Amimoto Y, Hwang YH, Uno I, Shimizu A, Nishiwaki Y, Hashizume M, Askew DJ, Odajima H. Effect of Asian dust on respiratory symptoms among children with and without asthma, and their sensitivity. Sci Total Environ 2021; 753:141585. [PMID: 32890882 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There has been little study on the effect of Asian dust exposure on respiratory symptoms among children who are vulnerable to environmental factors. In this panel study, we investigated the effect of Asian dust on respiratory symptoms among children with and without asthma, and their sensitivity. Children attending two elementary schools (137 total), and 23 children with asthma from cooperating medical institutions in Fukuoka prefecture were recruited. Subjects measured peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), and recorded asthma-like symptoms, cough, nasal symptoms and use of medication in a diary from April 1, 2013 to June 30, 2013. To assess exposure to Asian dust, we used Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data. For the analysis of the association between Asian dust and respiratory symptoms, the case-crossover design and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used. Taking individual sensitivity to respiratory aggravation into consideration, the subjects were classified into three groups: children without asthma, children with asthma who do not use long-term preventive medication (CA) and children with asthma who use long-term preventive medication (CA-LTM). For CA, Asian dust exposure was significantly associated with asthma-like symptoms, with a hazard ratio of 5.17 (95%CI: 1.02=26.12) at Lag0, and the change in %maxPEF, -1.65% (95%CI:-2.82, -0.48) at Lag0. For children without asthma, a statistically significant association was found between Asian dust exposure and the change in %maxPEF, -0.56% (95%CI: -1.31, -0.08) at Lag1. However, no adverse effects were observed in CA-LTM. Temperature had significant effects on %maxPEF for three groups. Asian dust, photochemical oxidant and pollen caused simultaneously additive adverse effects on nasal symptoms for children without asthma. This study suggests the possibility that long-term preventive medication to manage asthma may suppress aggravation of respiratory symptoms due to Asian dust and may be an effective prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Hasunuma
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan; Center for Environmental Information Science, 3-2-7 Kudan-minami, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0074, Japan
| | - Ayano Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Sinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Rintaro Ono
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka National Hospital, 4-39-1 Yakatabaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 811-1394, Japan
| | - Yuko Amimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Uji-Tokusyukai Medical Center, 145, Ishibashi, Makishima, Uji, Kyoto 611-0041, Japan
| | - Yoon Ha Hwang
- Busan St. Mary's Hospital, 25-14, Yongho-ro 232 beon-gil, Nam-gu, Busan 608-838, Republic of Korea
| | - Itsushi Uno
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishiwaki
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omorinishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - David J Askew
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyusyu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Odajima
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka National Hospital, 4-39-1 Yakatabaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 811-1394, Japan.
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19
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Nakamura T, Nishiwaki Y, Hashimoto K, Takeuchi A, Kitajima T, Komori K, Tashiro K, Hasunuma H, Ueda K, Shimizu A, Odajima H, Moriuchi H, Hashizume M. Association between Asian dust exposure and respiratory function in children with bronchial asthma in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:8. [PMID: 32131724 PMCID: PMC7057478 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the adverse effects of Asian dust (AD) on respiratory function in children are scarce. The objective of this study was to examine the association between AD and respiratory function by measuring peak expiratory flow rates (PEFRs) in asthmatic children. METHODS The study was carried out from March to May from 2014 through 2016. One hundred ten children with bronchial asthma were recruited from four hospitals in the Goto Islands and south Nagasaki area in Nagasaki prefecture. The parents were asked to record their children's PEFRs every morning/evening and clinical symptoms in an asthma diary. AD was assessed from light detection and ranging data, and a linear mixed-effects model was used to estimate the effects of AD on daily PEFR. Time-stratified case-crossover analyses were performed to examine the association between AD and asthma attacks defined by reduction levels in PEFR. RESULTS AD was detected on 11 days in the Goto Islands, and on 23 days in the south Nagasaki area. After adjusting for age, sex, temperature, and daily oxidants, we found a consistent association between AD and a 1.1% to 1.7% decrease in PEFR in the mornings and a 0.7% to 1.3% decrease in the evenings at a lag of 0 to 5 days. AD was not associated with the number of asthma attacks, respiratory symptoms, or other symptoms at any lag days examined. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to AD was associated with reduced PEFR, although the effects were not large enough to induce clinically apparent symptoms, in clinically well-controlled asthmatic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nakamura
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishiwaki
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kunio Hashimoto
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ayano Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tasuku Kitajima
- Department of Paediatrics, Nagasaki Goto Chuoh Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Komori
- Department of Paediatrics, Nagasaki Kamigoto Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kasumi Tashiro
- Department of Paediatrics, Isahaya General Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Kayo Ueda
- Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Odajima
- Department of Paediatrics, Fukuoka National Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Moriuchi
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Lee H, Chung SJ, Park JS, Kim S, Park DW, Sohn JW, Kim SH, Park CS, Yoon HJ. Impact of Grilling Meat or Fish at Home on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Adults With Asthma. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2020; 12:729-737. [PMID: 32400136 PMCID: PMC7225005 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.4.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Grilling, a common cooking method worldwide, can produce more toxic gases than other cooking methods. However, the impact of frequently grilling meat or fish at home on airflow limitation in adult asthma has not been well elucidated. We performed a prospective cohort study of 91 adult patients with asthma enrolled from 2 university hospitals. Of the patients, 39 (42.9%) grilled meat or fish at least once a week and 52 (57.1%) less than once a week. Patients who grilled at least once a week tended to have lower peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) than those who grilled less than once a week (median, 345.5 L/min; 95% confidence interval [CI], 291.8–423.2 L/min vs. median, 375.1 L/min; 95% CI, 319.7–485.7 L/min; P = 0.059). Among patients with severe asthma who received step 4-5 treatment, PEFR was significantly lower in patients who grilled at least once a week compared with those who grilled less than once a week (median, 297.8 L/min; 95% CI, 211.3–357.7 L/min vs. median, 396.1 L/min; 95% CI, 355.0–489.6 L/min; P < 0.001). Our results suggest that the frequency of grilling meat or fish at home may affect PEFR in asthmatic patients, especially those with severe asthma who needed a high level of asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Jun Chung
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Sook Park
- Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sungroul Kim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Dong Won Park
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang Won Sohn
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Heon Kim
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choon Sik Park
- Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Ho Joo Yoon
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Ghoshal A, Waghray P, Dsouza G, Saluja M, Agarwal M, Goyal A, Limaye S, Balki A, Bhatnagar S, Jain M, Tikkiwal S, Vaidya A, Lopez M, Hegde R, Gogtay J. Real-world evaluation of the clinical safety and efficacy of fluticasone/formoterol FDC via the Revolizer® in patients with persistent asthma in India. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2019; 60:101869. [PMID: 31794836 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2019.101869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The combination of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting beta2-agonists (LABAs) is widely used for the management of asthma. This prospective, open-label, non-comparative, observational, 24-week multicentre study is the first real-world study from India to compare the efficacy and safety of fixed-dose combination of fluticasone/formoterol (Maxiflo® 100/6 mcg or 250/6 mcg) capsules via the Revolizer® device in patients with persistent asthma. The primary efficacy analyses included mean change in Asthma Control Test (ACT™) at 4, 8, 16 and 24 weeks. Secondary efficacy analyses included mean change in morning and evening peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) at the end of 4, 8, 16 and 24 weeks, number of patients having symptom-free days and nights at the end of 4, 8, 16 and 24 weeks, the number and severity of exacerbations over 24 weeks and response to the Usability Preference Satisfaction Confidence questionnaire after 1 week. Overall, 385 (of 401; 96.01%) enrolled patients completed the study. The mean change in ACT™ score was 6.7 ± 3.71 (95% CI: 6.32, 7.06; p < 0.0001) at week 24. The ACT™ score at weeks 4, 8 and 16 showed progressive and statistically significant increase from baseline. A statistically significant improvement in morning and evening PEFR at weeks 4, 8, 16 and 24 was reported. The proportion of patients experiencing symptom-free days and nights continuously increased from baseline to week 24. A good safety profile over the 24-week period was observed. The Revolizer® device was preferred by 94.26% patients over their current device. Fluticasone propionate/formoterol fumarate FDC capsules administered via a single-dose dry powder inhaler ([DPI], (Revolizer®) offers a novel, well-tolerated and effective treatment option for the long-term management of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloke Ghoshal
- National Allergy Asthma Bronchitis Institute, Kolkata, India.
| | | | - George Dsouza
- St. Johns Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India.
| | | | | | | | | | - Akash Balki
- Shree Hospital and Critical Care, Nagpur, India.
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Jo S, Lee JB, Jin Y, Jeong T, Yoon J, Park B. Change in peak expiratory flow rate after the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver among young, healthy, and conscious volunteers. Clin Exp Emerg Med 2019; 6:36-42. [PMID: 30944290 PMCID: PMC6453697 DOI: 10.15441/ceem.18.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The head-tilt/chin-lift (HT/CL) is a simple, routinely used maneuver to open the upper airway. Changes in the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) before and after the HT/CL maneuver have not been evaluated among conscious volunteers who are regarded as a control cohort. Methods Sixty healthy 20-year-old volunteers (30 males and 30 females) were enrolled. The supine position was defined as the position at which the ear-eye line was at a 10° angle to the horizontal. The HT/CL position was defined as the position at which the ear-eye line was at a 25° angle to the horizontal. PEFR was measured using a hand-held device with the subject in the supine position (pre-PEFR) and HT/CL position (post-PEFR), respectively. One set was defined as these two measurements. Five sets of measurements were performed on each subject (300 sets). The set with the maximal and minimal difference between pre-PEFR and post-PEFR were excluded from the analysis. We used a paired t-test to compare the mean pre-PEFR and post-PEFR values for the entire group and subgroups divided by sex, height, body weight, body mass index and response status. Results Overall, 360 measurements (180 sets) were analyzed. The mean pre-PEFR and post-PEFR were 316.1±87.6 and 346.5±94.7 L/min, respectively. Further, significant differences were observed for sex, height, body weight, and body mass index. In 10 subjects, post-PEFR was lower than pre-PEFR. Conclusion PEFR increased by 9.6% after the HT/CL maneuver in young conscious subjects, but some subjects showed decreased PEFR after the HT/CL maneuver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sion Jo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jae Baek Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Youngho Jin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Taeoh Jeong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jaechol Yoon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Boyoung Park
- Department of Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Chang LT, Hong GB, Weng SP, Chuang HC, Chang TY, Liu CW, Chuang WY, Chuang KJ. Indoor ozone levels, houseplants and peak expiratory flow rates among healthy adults in Taipei, Taiwan. Environ Int 2019; 122:231-236. [PMID: 30466779 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The association between houseplants and indoor air quality improvement has been reported in previous studies. However, the effect of houseplant-emitted isoprene on the association between ozone (O3) formation and respiratory health remains unclear. We recruited 60 adult subjects from 60 houses with or without houseplants (1:1) in Taipei; twelve house visits were conducted in each home throughout 2014. The indoor air pollutants that were measured consisted of particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5), O3 and isoprene. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was measured in each study subject during each house visit. Household information was collected by a questionnaire. Mixed-effects models were used to explore the association between indoor air pollution levels and PEFR. We found that the concentrations of O3 and isoprene in houses with houseplants were higher than those in houses without houseplants. In contrast, PM2.5 levels and % predicted PEFR were higher in houses without houseplants than in those with houseplants. Moreover, increased levels of O3 and PM2.5 in houses with houseplants were associated with a decreased % predicted PEFR, especially in the summer. We concluded that increased levels of indoor O3 and PM2.5 were associated with decreased PEFR. The presence of houseplants was associated with indoor O3, isoprene and PEFR variations in the summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Te Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gui-Bing Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Liu
- Department of Information Management, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Chuang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jen Chuang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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24
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Kumar P, Singh G, Goyal JP, Khera D, Singh K. Association of common comorbidities with asthma in children: a cross-sectional study. Sudan J Paediatr 2019; 19:88-92. [PMID: 31969736 DOI: 10.24911/sjp.106-1544873451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease in children. The diagnosis of asthma in children may be associated with other comorbidities, which may influence the disease in several ways, including optimal asthma control. The main objective of this study was to determine the association of common comorbidities with asthma in children between 5 and 15 years. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital of western Rajasthan. A set of 23 questions were offered to the children with asthma and/or their parents and their responses were noted manually. A total of 95 children (74 male) were enrolled, allergic rhinitis (AR) was documented in 72 (75%) followed by psychological disturbance in 68 (71%), snoring in 47 (49.5%), gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in 44 (46.3%), atopic dermatitis in 26 (27.3%), and sinusitis in 19 (20%) children. There was no statistical significant association observed between asthma comorbidities and gender. Allergic rhinitis was the most common comorbidity in children with asthma followed by psychological disturbance, GER, and snoring. Both boys and girls had similar prevalence of asthma comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawin Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Gourav Singh
- Third Year MBBS Student, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Jagdish Prasad Goyal
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Daisy Khera
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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25
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Min SW, Oh SH, Kim GC, Sim YJ, Kim DK, Jeong HJ. Clinical Importance of Peak Cough Flow in Dysphagia Evaluation of Patients Diagnosed With Ischemic Stroke. Ann Rehabil Med 2018; 42:798-803. [PMID: 30613072 PMCID: PMC6325319 DOI: 10.5535/arm.2018.42.6.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between peak cough flow (PCF), pulmonary function tests (PFT), and severity of dysphagia in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods This study included patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke, who underwent videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), PCF and PFT from March 2016 to February 2017. The dysphagia severity was assessed using the videofluoroscopic dysphagia scale (VDS). Correlation analysis of VDS, PFT and PCF was performed. Patients were divided into three groups based on VDS score. One-way ANOVA of VDS was performed to analyze PCF, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and age among the different groups. Results The correlation coefficients of VDS and PCF, VDS and FVC, and VDS and FEV1 were -0.836, -0.508, and -0.430, respectively, all of which were statistically significant at the level of p<0.001. The one-way ANOVA indicated statistically significant differences in PCF, FVC, FEV1, and age among the VDS groups. Statistically significant differences in VDS and age were observed between aspiration pneumoia and non-aspiration pneumonia groups. Conclusion Coughing is a useful factor in evaluating the risk of aspiration in dysphagia patients. Evaluation of respiratory and coughing function should be conducted during the swallowing assessment of patients with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Min
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Se Hyun Oh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ghi Chan Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Young Joo Sim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ho Joong Jeong
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Chapman RL, Shannon H, Koutoumanou E, Main E. Effect of inspiratory rise time on sputum movement during ventilator hyperinflation in a test lung model. Physiotherapy 2018; 105:283-289. [PMID: 30409468 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physiotherapists may use ventilator hyperinflation to enhance secretion clearance for intubated patients. This study investigated the effects of altering percentage inspiratory rise time (IRT) on sputum movement, ratio of peak inspiratory to expiratory flow rate (PIF:PEF ratio) and net peak expiratory flow (PEF) during ventilator hyperinflation in a test lung model. DESIGN Laboratory-based bench study. INTERVENTIONS Simulated sputum (two viscosities) was inserted into clean, clear tubing and connected between a ventilator and a resuscitation bag. Thirty-six ventilator hyperinflation breaths were applied for each 5% incremental increase in IRT between 0% and 20%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was sputum displacement (cm). Secondary outcomes included PIF:PEF ratio and net PEF. RESULTS Significant cephalad sputum movement of 2.42cm (1.59 to 3.94) occurred with IRT between 5% and 20%, compared with caudad movement of 0.53 cm (0.31 to 1.53) at 0% IRT (median sputum movement difference 3.7cm, 95% confidence interval 2.2 to 4.8, P<0.001). Incremental increases in IRT percentage produced linear enhancements in PIF:PEF ratio and net PEF for both sputum concentrations (P<0.001). However, once the critical threshold for PIF:PEF ratio of 0.9 was achieved, the distance of sputum movement remained consistent for all IRT values exceeding 5%. CONCLUSIONS Significant increases in sputum movement occurred when IRT percentage was lengthened to achieve the optimal PIF:PEF ratio, irrespective of sputum viscosity. This provides a theoretical rationale for therapists to consider this technique when treating mechanically ventilated patients. As no additional sputum movement was seen beyond the critical PIF:PEF ratio threshold, a low IRT percentage may potentially be used to achieve effective sputum movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Chapman
- Physiotherapy Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Therapy Services, Hampshire Hospital's NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester, UK.
| | - H Shannon
- Physiotherapy Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - E Koutoumanou
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - E Main
- Physiotherapy Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Kera T, Kawai H, Hirano H, Kojima M, Fujiwara Y, Ihara K, Obuchi S. Relationships among peak expiratory flow rate, body composition, physical function, and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2018; 30:331-340. [PMID: 28560545 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-017-0777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Although respiratory muscle strength is known to decrease with age, the relationship between pulmonary function and sarcopenia remains to be examined. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and skeletal muscle mass/sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS We utilized data from 427 older adults (age 74.4 ± 5.3 years, men/women 157/270) who had participated in the 2015 Otassha Kenshin, a longitudinal study that excluded participants with air-flow limitations. Diagnoses of sarcopenia were based on criteria outlined in the Consensus Report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia and adjusted for Japanese individuals. We compared body composition, physical function, and lung function between patients with and without sarcopenia. Receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC) for sarcopenia was performed using PEFR, calf circumference, and body mass index. RESULTS Sixty-five participants (men/women 12/53) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Patients with sarcopenia were older than those without sarcopenia, and had lower height, weight, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass, appendicular skeletal mass, and skeletal muscle index. Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified whole-body skeletal mass as an independent factor for PEFR. ROC analysis of sarcopenia identified a cut-off value of 5.0 L s for PEFR, with a sensitivity of 0.62, specificity of 0.77, and area under the curve of 0.73 (95% CI 0.67-0.79; P < 0.001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that physical function is more strongly associated with respiratory muscle mass than total skeletal muscle mass and that PEFR may be a valid indicator of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kera
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
- Japanese Red Cross Ogawa Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Kawai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Hirano
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | | | - Yoshinori Fujiwara
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | | | - Shuichi Obuchi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
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Iyogun K, Lateef SA, Ana GREE. Lung Function of Grain Millers Exposed to Grain Dust and Diesel Exhaust in Two Food Markets in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria. Saf Health Work 2019; 10:47-53. [PMID: 30949380 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite growing concern over occupational exposure to particulate matter (PM) such as grain dust and diesel exhaust, information about the exposure level and health implications among workers in small-scale milling enterprises in developing countries like Nigeria has not been adequately documented. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of exposure to grain dust and diesel exhaust and effect on lung function among grain millers in food markets in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. Methods The study adopted descriptive cross-sectional design with a comparative approach. Sixteen grain milling shops each were randomly selected from two major food markets in Ibadan metropolis for indoor PM10 and PM2.5 monitoring. Seventy-two respondents each were proportionately selected from grain millers and shop owners for forced expiratory volume in one second and peak expiratory flow rate tests. Results The PM2.5 concentrations for both market locations ranged between 1,269.3 and 651.7 μg/m3, while PM10 concentrations were between 1,048.2 and 818.1 μg/m3. The recorded concentrations exceeded the World Health Organization guideline limit of 50 μg/m3 and 25 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. As compared with control group (2.1 L), significantly lower forced expiratory volume in one second value (1.61 L) was observed among the exposed group (p < 0.05). Likewise, significantly lower peak expiratory flow rate value (186.7 L/min) was recorded among the exposed group than the control group (269.51 L/min) (p < 0.05). Conclusion Exposure to grain dust and diesel exhaust accentuated respiratory disorders with declines in lung functions amongst grain millers. Improved milling practices and engaging cleaner milling facilities should be adopted to minimize exposure and related hazards.
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Tandon S, Gupta S, Singh S, Kumar A. Respiratory Abnormalities among Occupationally Exposed, Non-Smoking Brick Kiln Workers from Punjab, India. Int J Occup Environ Med 2017; 8:166-173. [PMID: 28689213 PMCID: PMC6679629 DOI: 10.15171/ijoem.2017.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brick manufacturing industry is one of the oldest and fast-growing industries in India that employs a large section of people. Brick kiln workers are occupationally exposed to air pollutants. Nonetheless, only a few studies have so far been conducted on their respiratory health. OBJECTIVE To investigate the extent of respiratory impairment in brick kiln workers and to correlate it with the duration of exposure. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted. Spirometric parameters of 110 non-smoking male brick kiln workers aged 18-35 years in Patiala district, Punjab, India, were compared with an age-matched comparison group of 90 unexposed individuals. RESULTS Brick kiln workers showed a significant (p<0.05) decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced mid-expiratory flow rate (FEF25-75%) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) compared with those of the comparison group. The extent of deterioration in lung function of brick kiln workers was associated with the duration of exposure. In workers with >8 years of exposure, the mean values of FEV1 (1.92 L), FVC (2.01 L), FEF25-75% (2.19 L/s) and PEFR (4.81 L/s) were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those recorded in workers with <8 years of exposure in whom the values were 2.01 L, 2.68 L, 2.71 L/s, and 5.76 L/s, respectively. CONCLUSION There is a significant association between exposure to workplace pollutants and lung function deterioration among brick kiln workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Tandon
- Physiology Department, Govt. Medical College, Patiala, India
| | - Sharat Gupta
- Physiology Department, Kalpana Chawla Govt. Medical College, Karnal, India.
| | | | - Avnish Kumar
- Physiology Department, Govt. Medical College, Patiala, India
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Priyadharshini UK, Latha R, Kavitha U, Nirmala N. Effects of Organophosphorus Pesticides on Cardiorespiratory Parameters among the Farmers. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:CC01-CC04. [PMID: 29207697 PMCID: PMC5713719 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26724.10590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Indiscriminate use and improper handling of synthetic pesticides in agriculture have resulted in serious problems such as asthma, wheeze and chronic bronchitis among the farmers. Though number of studies have been done on pesticide exposure and its effect on cardiorespiratory parameters in Northern India, only few studies were done in Southern India, thus this study was chosen. AIM To find the cardiorespiratory changes in farm workers exposed to organophosphorus pesticides. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR), blood pressure, pulse rate were measured among 35 farm workers of Palayam and Naduveerpattu village of Cuddalore district and 35 age, sex, BMI matched controls were taken from urban area and the same parameters were measured in both groups from 10 am-12 am in the morning. History of use of personal protective equipments like face mask, eye mask, special clothes, shoes, hat, history of respiratory symptoms and hygienic work practices was also obtained from the farmers. Chi-square test was used to analyse the qualitative data. All values were expressed as Mean±SD. Students unpaired t-test was used to compare PEFR between two groups and to compare the duration of exposure and PEFR using GRAPH PAD PRISM. The p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in PEFR among the farmers (p<0.001) compared to the controls. On comparing the duration of exposure of pesticide and the PEFR values by unpaired Students t-test, there was a significant difference with p-value of 0.03. Blood Pressure did not show any significant difference between the two groups. But the pulse rate was significantly decreased among the farmers (p<0.001) which could be due to their regular physical activity. About 71% of the farmers used personal protective equipments. CONCLUSION Thus, chronic exposure to organophosphorus pesticides has an impact on PEFR among the farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radhakrishnan Latha
- Professor, Department of Physiology, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry, India
| | - Ukkirapandian Kavitha
- Tutor, Department of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natarajan Nirmala
- Professor, Department of Physiology, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure the Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of healthy school children and to find out the correlation between PEFR values and anthropometric parameters, to create a nomogram of PEFR for children and formulate a regression formula for PEFR. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on healthy school children between the age group of 10 and 16 y, at three higher secondary schools selected in urban area of Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. After collecting baseline data, PEFR was measured using mini Wright peak flow meter. The highest of three measurements were recorded for analysis. RESULTS Of the 2607 students screened, 2156 were included in the study. Out of which 757 were boys and 1399 were girls. Significant linear correlation was seen in PEFR with height, weight and BMI (r = 0.847, r = 0.750 & r = 0.466 respectively, p < 0.001). Nomograms were plotted based on the observed values of PEFR in the study population. Prediction equations were derived for PEFR with height and weight in boys and girls. Prediction equations for PEFR are -464 + 1.408 × Weight (kg) + 439.192 × Height (m) in boys and -486.544 + 1.064 × Weight (kg) + 462.282 × Height (m) in girls. CONCLUSIONS Significant correlation was noted between PEFR and anthropometric parameters like height, weight and BMI. Hence, nomogram and formula created can be used in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthi Kumaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Netaji Subash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482003, India.
| | - Avyact Agrawal
- Department of Pediatrics, Netaji Subash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482003, India
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Abstract
The ability to perceive the onset and severity of symptoms of worsening asthma is important, not only for initial diagnosis but also for early identification of an asthma exacerbation and prompt management. There are subjective and objective methods for identifying symptoms. Symptom perception is affected by multiple mechanisms, and not all patients can accurately perceive symptoms of airflow limitation. Hyperperceivers will report substantial discomfort in the face of minimal bronchoconstriction, and poor perceivers will report no symptoms even in the presence of severe obstruction. The use of objective measures of airflow limitation is essential for such patients. Regimens for training perception in children and adults have been studied and are available.
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Butts CA, Brady JJ, Wilhelm S, Castor L, Sherwood A, McCall A, Patch J, Jones P, Cortes V, Ong AW. Do simple beside lung function tests predict morbidity after rib fractures? Am J Surg 2016; 213:473-477. [PMID: 27894507 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated if incentive spirometry volume (ISV) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) could predict acute respiratory failure (ARF) in patients with rib fractures. METHODS Normotensive, co-operative patients were enrolled prospectively. ISV and PEFR were measured on admission, at 24 h and at 48 h by taking the best of three readings each time. The primary outcome, ARF, was defined as requiring invasive or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. RESULTS 99 patients were enrolled (median age, 77 years). ARF occurred in 9%. Of the lung function tests, only a low median ISV at admission was associated with ARF (500 ml vs 1250 ml, p = 0.04). Three of 69 patients with ISV of ≥1000 ml versus six of 30 with ISV <1000 ml developed ARF (p = 0.01). Other significant factors were: number of rib fractures, tube thoracostomy, any lower-third rib fracture, flail segment. CONCLUSION PEFR did not predict ARF. Admission ISV may have value in predicting ARF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Butts
- Department of Surgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19131, United States
| | - John J Brady
- Department of Surgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19131, United States
| | - Sara Wilhelm
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Reading Health System, Sixth Avenue and Spruce Street, West Reading, PA 19611, United States
| | - Laura Castor
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Reading Health System, Sixth Avenue and Spruce Street, West Reading, PA 19611, United States
| | - Alicia Sherwood
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Reading Health System, Sixth Avenue and Spruce Street, West Reading, PA 19611, United States
| | - Abby McCall
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Reading Health System, Sixth Avenue and Spruce Street, West Reading, PA 19611, United States
| | - John Patch
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Reading Health System, Sixth Avenue and Spruce Street, West Reading, PA 19611, United States
| | - Pamela Jones
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Reading Health System, Sixth Avenue and Spruce Street, West Reading, PA 19611, United States
| | - Vicente Cortes
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Reading Health System, Sixth Avenue and Spruce Street, West Reading, PA 19611, United States
| | - Adrian W Ong
- Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Reading Health System, Sixth Avenue and Spruce Street, West Reading, PA 19611, United States.
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Campo G, Pavasini R, Barbetta C, Maietti E, Mascetti S, Biscaglia S, Zaraket F, Spitaleri G, Gallo F, Tonet E, Papi A, Ferrari R, Contoli M. Predischarge screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with acute coronary syndrome and smoking history. Int J Cardiol 2016; 222:806-812. [PMID: 27522379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies suggested that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is largely underdiagnosed in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) contributing to further affect clinical outcome. Our aim was to validate a screening procedure to identify, in ACS patients, those with negligible risk of undiagnosed COPD. METHODS From December 2014 to August 2015, 169 ACS patients with smoking history underwent screening procedure. Screening procedure combined peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR, defined as positive if <80% of predicted) and respiratory health status questionnaire (RHSQ, defined as positive if >19.5 points). The screening was considered negative if both tests provided negative results, positive if both were positive, uncertain in presence of discrepancy. Spirometry was planned after 2months to identify or not the presence of irreversible airflow obstruction (undiagnosed COPD). The primary endpoint was the negative predictive value of screening for undiagnosed COPD. RESULTS Overall, 137 (81%) patients received spirometry (final study population). Screening was negative, uncertain and positive in 58 (42%), 46 (34%) and 33 (24%) patients, respectively. We found undiagnosed COPD in 39 (29%) patients. Only 3 patients with negative screening showed undiagnosed COPD. Negative screening showed the best ability to discriminate patients without COPD (negative predictive value 95%). Two-month health status in patients with undiagnosed COPD was significantly poor. CONCLUSIONS Undiagnosed COPD is relatively frequent in ACS patients with smoking history and a simple screening procedure including PEFR and RHSQ can be administered before hospital discharge to discriminate those at negligible risk of undiagnosed COPD (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02324660).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Campo
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, (FE), Italy; Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA) Center, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Rita Pavasini
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, (FE), Italy
| | - Carlo Barbetta
- Research Centre on Asthma and COPD, Section of Internal and Cardio-Respiratory Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Maietti
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, (FE), Italy
| | - Susanna Mascetti
- Research Centre on Asthma and COPD, Section of Internal and Cardio-Respiratory Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Biscaglia
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, (FE), Italy
| | - Fatima Zaraket
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, (FE), Italy
| | - Giosafat Spitaleri
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, (FE), Italy
| | - Francesco Gallo
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, (FE), Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tonet
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, (FE), Italy
| | - Alberto Papi
- Research Centre on Asthma and COPD, Section of Internal and Cardio-Respiratory Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrari
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, (FE), Italy; Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA) Center, Ferrara, Italy; Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, E.S.: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Marco Contoli
- Research Centre on Asthma and COPD, Section of Internal and Cardio-Respiratory Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Calverley PMA, Rennard SI, Clerisme-Beaty E, Metzdorf N, Zubek VB, ZuWallack R. Effect of tiotropium on night-time awakening and daily rescue medication use in patients with COPD. Respir Res 2016; 17:27. [PMID: 26971242 PMCID: PMC4789269 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several small studies found night-time awakenings due to COPD symptoms were associated with decreased health status. In this study, night-time awakenings in patients with COPD were examined and effects of tiotropium therapy evaluated. Methods This study was a post hoc, exploratory, pooled analysis of twin, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trials. Patients with stable moderate-to-severe COPD were randomized to tiotropium HandiHaler® (n = 550) or placebo (n = 371) and followed for 13 weeks. During a 2-week, pre-treatment baseline period and for 13 weeks on treatment, self-reported night-time awakenings due to COPD symptoms, rescue medication (albuterol) use, and morning and evening peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were recorded daily. Nightly, COPD-related awakenings were scored: 0 = no awakenings; 1 = 1 awakening; 2 = 2–3 awakenings; or 3 = awake most of the night. Health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) and energy–fatigue questionnaires were completed at baseline and during treatment. Results Patients were aged 65.2 ± 8.7 years (mean ± SD), with a mean pre-bronchodilator FEV1 of 36.1 ± 13.5 % predicted normal at baseline. Data for night-time awakenings and albuterol use were available for 543 (99 %) patients on tiotropium and 352 (95 %) on placebo. At baseline, 280 (51.5 %) patients on tiotropium and 179 (50.1 %) on placebo reported ≥1 COPD-related night-time awakening per week. Over the 13-weeks’ treatment, tiotropium was associated with fewer night-time awakenings, with mean ± SE overall awakening scores per week of 0.356 ± 0.006 compared with 0.421 ± 0.007 for placebo (p < 0.001); means were significantly lower for tiotropium versus placebo in patients with baseline awakenings (p < 0.001), but not for those without baseline awakenings. COPD-related night-time awakenings were associated with increased nocturnal rescue medication use and lower HRQoL ratings in both treatment arms. Following start of treatment, tiotropium decreased patients’ use of rescue medication compared with placebo, and morning and evening adjusted means for PEFR were higher for tiotropium compared with placebo. Conclusions Tiotropium is associated with decreased COPD-related night-time awakenings. Night-time awakenings are associated with increased nocturnal rescue medication use and may be a surrogate marker of symptom control in patients with COPD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-016-0340-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M A Calverley
- Clinical Science Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK.
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Ortega VE, Meyers DA. Pharmacogenetics: implications of race and ethnicity on defining genetic profiles for personalized medicine. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:16-26. [PMID: 24369795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacogenetics is being used to develop personalized therapies specific to subjects from different ethnic or racial groups. To date, pharmacogenetic studies have been primarily performed in trial cohorts consisting of non-Hispanic white subjects of European descent. A "bottleneck" or collapse of genetic diversity associated with the first human colonization of Europe during the Upper Paleolithic period, followed by the recent mixing of African, European, and Native American ancestries, has resulted in different ethnic groups with varying degrees of genetic diversity. Differences in genetic ancestry might introduce genetic variation, which has the potential to alter the therapeutic efficacy of commonly used asthma therapies, such as β2-adrenergic receptor agonists (β-agonists). Pharmacogenetic studies of admixed ethnic groups have been limited to small candidate gene association studies, of which the best example is the gene coding for the receptor target of β-agonist therapy, the β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2). Large consortium-based sequencing studies are using next-generation whole-genome sequencing to provide a diverse genome map of different admixed populations, which can be used for future pharmacogenetic studies. These studies will include candidate gene studies, genome-wide association studies, and whole-genome admixture-based approaches that account for ancestral genetic structure, complex haplotypes, gene-gene interactions, and rare variants to detect and replicate novel pharmacogenetic loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor E Ortega
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Deborah A Meyers
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Occupational lung diseases form an important part of clinical medicine. Exposure to various chemicals or toxins which are manufactured or processed in industries are lethal for the workers in industries. Although these chemicals at workplace are known to invariably affect all body systems, lungs are most vulnerable to airborne hazards which are caused due to exposure to wood dust in welding, cement and wood industrial sectors. AIM AND OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to establish the effect of wood dust on respiratory health of carpenters and to compare the measured values with those of age-matched controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study involved 150 non-smoking carpenters, while 150 age-matched healthy non-smoking persons who were engaged in works other than carpentry, served as controls. The influence of age, height, body surface area (BSA) andduration of exposure on peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were determined in both cases and control subjects by using a Mini Wright's peak flow meter. The statistical analysis was done by using paired Student's t-test. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS The mean PEFR of study subjects was less than that of the control subjects in each sub group of age, height, weight and BSA and these results were statistically highly significant. CONCLUSION The decrease in PEFR in carpenters was probably due to a continuous exposure to wood dust, which had caused an adverse effect on their respiratory status. In order to prevent the ill effects of wood dust on the respiratory health of carpenters, we suggest pre-employment medical check-ups and regular monitoring thereafter. Also, provision for a good ventilation at work place should be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Mohan
- Senior Resident, Department of Physiology, University College of Medical Sciences , Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Background: Anthropometric and socioeconomic factors are known to influence peak expiratory flow rate, but the effect of altitude has not been established decisively, due to conflicting results of various studies. Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of altitude on peak expiratory flow rate of healthy school children. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which the peak expiratory flow rate of a group of 290 school children (140 male and 150 female), aged 7-14 years, residing in Shimla (altitude 2150 meters), were compared with the results obtained in an age- and sex-matched control group, consisting of 280 school children (138 male and 142 female), residing in Patiala (altitude 278 meters). Mini Wright Peak Flow Meter was used for the study. Results: The mean peak expiratory flow rate value of boys at high altitude (265 ± 92.6 L/min) was significantly higher than those in plain areas (245 ± 82.1 L/min). Similarly, the mean peak expiratory flow rate of highlander girls (250.4 ± 70.2 L/min) was significantly higher than girls of plains (232.6 ± 65 L/min). Conclusion: The study suggests that besides anthropometric and socioeconomic factors, altitude is an important determinant of lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharat Gupta
- Department of Physiology, Gian Sagar Medical College, Rajpura, Patiala
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Kolasani BP, Lanke VM, Diyya S. Influence of delivery devices on efficacy of inhaled fluticasone propionate: a comparative study in stable asthma patients. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7:1908-12. [PMID: 24179895 PMCID: PMC3809634 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2013/6705.3348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhaled corticosteroids are the preferred treatment for long-term control of all grades of persistent asthma. These are administered by various delivery devices with very little information whether these devices can affect the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids. Fluticasone propionate is a relatively new inhalational corticosteroid compared to older ones like beclomethasone and budesonide. Aims & Objective: To assess the relative efficacy of fluticasone propionate administered from different delivery devices to adult patients of chronic stable bronchial asthma as measured by pulmonary function test parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS This prospective study was undertaken to assess the relative efficacy of fluticasone propionate administered from different delivery devices to adult patients of chronic stable bronchial asthma as measured by pulmonary function test parameters. Fourty eight subjects were administered, fluticasone propionate (250 μg) by dry powder inhaler, metered dose inhaler, metered dose inhaler with spacer and fluticasone (1mg) via nebulizer consecutively each week for four weeks under direct supervision. Pulmonary function test was done before and one hour after administration of the drug on each visit. RESULTS After excluding nine patients who were lost to follow up, data was analysed for the remaining thirty nine patients and no significant difference in peak expiratory flow rate (p=0.77), forced expiratory volume in one second (p=0.95), forced vital capacity (p=0.24) and forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity ratio (p=0.22) was seen after giving fluticasone by different devices. CONCLUSION Fluticasone propionate delivered by different devices like dry powder inhaler, metered dose inhaler, metered dose inhaler with spacer and nebulizer have similar effect on lung function in patients of chronic stable bronchial asthma and may be used interchangeably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Prakash Kolasani
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Ragiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Principal, RIMS, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Venu Madhavi Lanke
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Ragiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Putlampalli, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh-516002, India
| | - Sudheer Diyya
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pulmonology, Ragiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Putlampalli, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh-516002, India
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Nguyen JM, Holbrook JT, Wei CY, Gerald LB, Teague WG, Wise RA; American Lung Association Asthma Clinical Research Centers. Validation and psychometric properties of the Asthma Control Questionnaire among children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:91-7.e1-6. [PMID: 23932458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) is a patient-centered tool for evaluating asthma control. It has been validated in adults, but not well-validated among children. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the reliability, validity, and responsiveness to change of the ACQ for assessing asthma control in children ages 6 to 17 years. A threshold value for poor disease control and a minimally important difference were also determined. METHODS Data from 305 asthmatic children enrolled in a clinical trial were examined. The ACQ was administered at 8 visits. We analyzed results for the combined age group and for the 6- to 11-year-old and 12- to 17-year-old age groups separately. RESULTS Overall, the Cronbach α value (internal consistency) for the ACQ was 0.74 at baseline, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (test-retest reliability) for repeated questionnaires among stable patients was 0.53. The Pearson correlations between the ACQ and other asthma questionnaires were moderate to strong (-0.64 to -0.73). Mean ACQ scores were higher (worse) in patients whose peak flow decreased, who used more rescue medications, or who sought medical care for asthma than in patients who were stable (P < .0001 for all measures). Changes in ACQ scores were significantly different among patients with deteriorating, improving, or stable asthma symptoms (P ≤ .01). The optimal threshold indicating poor asthma control was 1.25 or greater. The minimally important difference was established to be 0.40. Results for the separate age groups were similar. CONCLUSION The ACQ is a moderately reliable, valid, and responsive tool with adequate psychometric properties for assessing recent asthma control among children.
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Takara GN, Ruas G, Pessoa BV, Jamami LK, Di Lorenzo VAP, Jamami M. Comparison of five portable peak flow meters. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2010; 65:469-74. [PMID: 20535364 PMCID: PMC2882540 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322010000500003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the measurements of spirometric peak expiratory flow (PEF) from five different PEF meters and to determine if their values are in agreement. Inaccurate equipment may result in incorrect diagnoses of asthma and inappropriate treatments. METHODS Sixty-eight healthy, sedentary and insufficiently active subjects, aged from 19 to 40 years, performed PEF measurements using Air Zone, Assess, Galemed, Personal Best and Vitalograph peak flow meters. The highest value recorded for each subject for each device was compared to the corresponding spirometric values using Friedman's test with Dunn's post-hoc (p<0.05), Spearman's correlation test and Bland-Altman's agreement test. RESULTS The median and interquartile ranges for the spirometric values and the Air Zone, Assess, Galemed, Personal Best and Vitalograph meters were 428 (263-688 L/min), 450 (350-800 L/min), 420 (310-720 L/min), 380 (300-735 L/min), 400 (310-685 L/min) and 415 (335-610 L/min), respectively. Significant differences were found when the spirometric values were compared to those recorded by the Air Zone(R) (p<0.001) and Galemed (p<0.01) meters. There was no agreement between the spirometric values and the five PEF meters. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the values recorded from Galemed meters may underestimate the actual value, which could lead to unnecessary interventions, and that Air Zone meters overestimate spirometric values, which could obfuscate the need for intervention. These findings must be taken into account when interpreting both devices' results in younger people. These differences should also be considered when directly comparing values from different types of PEF meters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia Nency Takara
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos- São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Al-Taweel AA, Kalantan KA, Ghani HA. Peak expiratory flow rate in a sample of normal saudi males at riyadh, saudi arabia. J Family Community Med 1999; 6:23-7. [PMID: 23008593 PMCID: PMC3437070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find out the normal peak expiratory flow rate for adult Saudi males and to compare our standards with British standards. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in five primary health care centers representing Riyadh city in the period between 15(th) November through December 1993. Six hundred and eighty Saudi men who satisfied stringent criteria of normality were included in the study. RESULTS The mean and standard deviation of the subjects' age and height were 28.4 ± 13 and 167.6 ± 6.4 respectively. Linear regression analysis was performed through step-wise procedure to determine the form of regression of peak expiratory flow on age and height. Regression curves were obtained and it was found that peak expiratory flow rate did not begin to decline until about the age of 25 years; and as height increased the peak expiratory flow rate increased in a linear relationship. CONCLUSION It was demonstrated that our study group had lower peak expiratory flow rate compared with British people. These findings will serve as a basis for preparing flow rate values for our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Al-Taweel
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A. Kalantan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamza A. Ghani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Correspondence to: Dr. Hamza Abdul Ghani, Consultant Family Physician, Department of Family & Community Medicine (34), College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
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