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Raj AK, Pedersen SJ, Mainsbridge C, Rao CR, Roy S, Chandrasekaran B. Influence of short bouts of stair climbing on young adults during prolonged sitting on posture, discomfort, and musculoskeletal performance outcomes: a counterbalanced pilot randomised crossover trial. ERGONOMICS 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38571330 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2024.2335551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged sitting is postulated to influence musculoskeletal performance (cervical flexor endurance, balance, and agility), discomfort and alter cervical spine angles during work-based computer use. Stair climbing breaks may be a great addition at typical and home offices however remain unexplored for its impact on musculoskeletal performance. In our counterbalanced pilot crossover trial, 24 adults were randomised to three interventions: (1) prolonged sitting, (2) interrupted by 2 min of self-paced, and (3) externally paced stair climbing for 2 h. Cervical spine angles were measured every 30 min while balance, agility, endurance, and discomfort were assessed before and after 120 min. Stair climbing interruptions have favourable effects on agility (F = 8.12, p = 0.009, ηp2 = 0.26) and musculoskeletal discomfort, but failed to improve other musculoskeletal outcomes associated with prolonged sitting. Brief stair climbing interruptions are effective in improving discomfort and agility while pragmatic trials are warranted for translated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun K Raj
- Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Scott J Pedersen
- Active Work Laboratory, School of Education, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Casey Mainsbridge
- Personal Development, Health and Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities, Arts, Social Sciences and Education, School of Education, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Chythra R Rao
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sohini Roy
- Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Baskaran Chandrasekaran
- Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Hong E, Elliott M, Kornfeld S, Spungen AM. Use of an upright power wheelchair in spinal cord injury: a case series. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2024; 5:1267608. [PMID: 38510946 PMCID: PMC10950945 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2024.1267608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Objective To explore independence, usability, and self-reported quality of life (QOL) in eligible persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) who used a standing powered wheelchair over a 12-week period. Setting: VA SCI research facility. Participants Four participants with chronic SCI who use a wheelchair as the primary means of mobility. Intervention A standing power wheelchair was used three times a week (3.5 h/session) for 12 weeks in a supervised setting. Main Outcome Measures: safety, usability and feasibility, blood pressure in seated and standing positions, bowel, bladder, and pain item banks from the SCI-QOL Physical-Medical-Health domain, and overall user satisfaction with the device. Results Participants consistently maintained normal blood pressure responses between seated and standing positions throughout the training sessions and learned to perform all the mobility tasks safely and independently. Participants reported improvements on the SCI-QOL and were generally satisfied with the upright standing power wheelchair. Conclusions In this small case series of chronic, non-ambulatory individuals with SCI, the standing powered wheelchair was shown to be safe and efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyoung Hong
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael Elliott
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Stephen Kornfeld
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ann M. Spungen
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Edwardson CL, Maylor BD, Biddle SJ, Clemes SA, Cox E, Davies MJ, Dunstan DW, Eborall H, Granat MH, Gray LJ, Hadjiconstantinou M, Healy GN, Jaicim NB, Lawton S, Mandalia P, Munir F, Richardson G, Walker S, Yates T, Clarke-Cornwell AM. A multicomponent intervention to reduce daily sitting time in office workers: the SMART Work & Life three-arm cluster RCT. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 11:1-229. [PMID: 37786938 DOI: 10.3310/dnyc2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Office workers spend 70-85% of their time at work sitting. High levels of sitting have been linked to poor physiological and psychological health. Evidence shows the need for fully powered randomised controlled trials, with long-term follow-up, to test the effectiveness of interventions to reduce sitting time. Objective Our objective was to test the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the SMART Work & Life intervention, delivered with and without a height-adjustable workstation, compared with usual practice at 12-month follow-up. Design A three-arm cluster randomised controlled trial. Setting Councils in England. Participants Office workers. Intervention SMART Work & Life is a multicomponent intervention that includes behaviour change strategies, delivered by workplace champions. Clusters were randomised to (1) the SMART Work & Life intervention, (2) the SMART Work & Life intervention with a height-adjustable workstation (i.e. SMART Work & Life plus desk) or (3) a control group (i.e. usual practice). Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and at 3 and 12 months. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was device-assessed daily sitting time compared with usual practice at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included sitting, standing, stepping time, physical activity, adiposity, blood pressure, biochemical measures, musculoskeletal issues, psychosocial variables, work-related health, diet and sleep. Cost-effectiveness and process evaluation data were collected. Results A total of 78 clusters (756 participants) were randomised [control, 26 clusters (n = 267); SMART Work & Life only, 27 clusters (n = 249); SMART Work & Life plus desk, 25 clusters (n = 240)]. At 12 months, significant differences between groups were found in daily sitting time, with participants in the SMART Work & Life-only and SMART Work & Life plus desk arms sitting 22.2 minutes per day (97.5% confidence interval -38.8 to -5.7 minutes/day; p = 0.003) and 63.7 minutes per day (97.5% confidence interval -80.0 to -47.4 minutes/day; p < 0.001), respectively, less than the control group. Participants in the SMART Work & Life plus desk arm sat 41.7 minutes per day (95% confidence interval -56.3 to -27.0 minutes/day; p < 0.001) less than participants in the SMART Work & Life-only arm. Sitting time was largely replaced by standing time, and changes in daily behaviour were driven by changes during work hours on workdays. Behaviour changes observed at 12 months were similar to 3 months. At 12 months, small improvements were seen for stress, well-being and vigour in both intervention groups, and for pain in the lower extremity and social norms in the SMART Work & Life plus desk group. Results from the process evaluation supported these findings, with participants reporting feeling more energised, alert, focused and productive. The process evaluation also showed that participants viewed the intervention positively; however, the extent of engagement varied across clusters. The average cost of SMART Work & Life only and SMART Work & Life plus desk was £80.59 and £228.31 per participant, respectively. Within trial, SMART Work & Life only had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £12,091 per quality-adjusted life-year, with SMART Work & Life plus desk being dominated. Over a lifetime, SMART Work & Life only and SMART Work & Life plus desk had incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of £4985 and £13,378 per quality-adjusted life-year, respectively. Limitations The study was carried out in one sector, limiting generalisability. Conclusions The SMART Work & Life intervention, provided with and without a height-adjustable workstation, was successful in changing sitting time. Future work There is a need for longer-term follow-up, as well as follow-up within different organisations. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN11618007.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stuart Jh Biddle
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, QLD, Australia
| | - Stacy A Clemes
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Edward Cox
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Melanie J Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Eborall
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Laura J Gray
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Lawton
- School of Health & Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Panna Mandalia
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Fehmidah Munir
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Simon Walker
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Thomas Yates
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Alshehri MM, Alqhtani AM, Gharawi SH, Sharahily RA, Fathi WA, Alnamy SG, Alothman SA, Alshehri YS, Alhowimel AS, Alqahtani BA, Alenazi AM. Prevalence of lower back pain and its associations with lifestyle behaviors among college students in Saudi Arabia. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:646. [PMID: 37568153 PMCID: PMC10416365 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06683-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder that may affect students' daily lives. Recent psychological research showed a relevant connection between LBP and multidimensional health. However, the association between LBP and lifestyle behavior has not been established, and improving knowledge in this area may help develop preventive strategies and optimize college students' quality of life. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 1420 college students in Saudi Arabia was conducted, and participants who attended Saudi Universities were recruited from May 2021 to November 2021. An established validated online survey assessed LBP, sleep quality, time spent sedentary (sedentary duration), health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, spiritual growth, interpersonal relationships, and stress management. Generalized Linear Regression was used to assess the associations between LBP severity and lifestyle behaviors after controlling for covariates. RESULTS LBP was prevalent among college students from Saudi Arabia. Most of the sample were young (23.81 ± 6.02), and female (83.7%). There were significant differences between students with and without LBP regarding age, BMI, sex, marital status, pain severity, overall lifestyle behavior, health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, stress management, and global sleep quality. After controlling for age, BMI, sex, and marital status, there were significant associations between pain severity and global sleep quality (ß=0.2, p < .001, CI: 16 to 0.24), and sedentary duration (ß=0.03, p = .01, CI:0.009 to 0.06). CONCLUSIONS This study helped define the prevalence of LBP in college students in Saudi Arabia and evaluated the association between LBP and lifestyle behaviors. The findings showed that students with higher levels of poor sleep quality or sedentary behavior had higher levels of pain. Promoting sleep quality and reducing sedentary behavior may help establish preventive strategies for LBP in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Alshehri
- Physical Therapy Department, Jazan University, Jazan, 82412, Saudi Arabia.
- Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amjad M Alqhtani
- Physical Therapy Department, Jazan University, Jazan, 82412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahd H Gharawi
- Physical Therapy Department, Jazan University, Jazan, 82412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad A Sharahily
- Physical Therapy Department, Jazan University, Jazan, 82412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajd A Fathi
- Physical Therapy Department, Jazan University, Jazan, 82412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad G Alnamy
- Physical Therapy Department, Jazan University, Jazan, 82412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaima A Alothman
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Science Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir S Alshehri
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed S Alhowimel
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader A Alqahtani
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aqeel M Alenazi
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
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Senerat AM, Pope ZC, Rydell SA, Mullan AF, Roger VL, Pereira MA. Psychosocial and behavioral outcomes in the adult workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 1-Year longitudinal survey. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:634. [PMID: 37013515 PMCID: PMC10068713 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efforts to limit the spread of COVID-19 have included public space closures, mask usage, and quarantining. Studies regarding the impact of these measures on the psychosocial and behavioral health outcomes of the workforce have focused frequently on healthcare employees. To expand the literature base, we deployed a one-year longitudinal survey among mostly non-healthcare employees assessing changes in select psychosocial outcomes, health behaviors, and COVID-19-related transmission prevention behaviors and perceptions. METHODS We deployed the CAPTURE baseline survey across eight companies from November 20, 2020-February 8, 2021. The baseline survey included questions on psychosocial outcomes, health behaviors, and COVID-19 transmission prevention behaviors, with several questions containing a retrospective component to cover the time period prior to the pandemic. Additional questions on vaccination status and social support were subsequently added, and the updated survey deployed to the same baseline participants at three, six, and 12 months after baseline survey deployment. We analyzed data descriptively and performed Friedman's and subsequent Wilcoxon-signed rank tests, as appropriate, to compare data within and between time points. RESULTS A total of 3607, 1788, 1545, and 1687 employees completed the baseline, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month CAPTURE surveys, respectively, with 816 employees completing all four time points. Employees reported higher stress, anxiety, fatigue, and feelings of being unsafe across all time points compared to pre-pandemic. Time spent sleeping increased initially but returned to pre-pandemic levels at follow-up. Lower rates of physical activity and higher rates of non-work screen time and alcohol consumption relative to pre-pandemic were also reported. Over 90% of employees perceived wearing a mask, physical distancing, and receiving the COVID-19 vaccine as 'moderately' or 'very important' in preventing the spread of COVID-19 across all time points. CONCLUSIONS Relative to pre-pandemic, poorer psychosocial outcomes and worsened health behaviors were observed across all time points, with values worse at the baseline and 12-month time points when COVID-19 surges were highest. While COVID-19 prevention behaviors were consistently deemed to be important by employees, the psychosocial outcome and health behavior data suggest the potential for harmful long-term effects of the pandemic on the well-being of non-healthcare employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araliya M Senerat
- Formerly Well Living Lab, 221 1st Ave SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, 507-550-1139 x664, USA.
- Now with Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market Street, 7th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Zachary C Pope
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Well Living Lab, 221 1st Ave. SW, Suite 100, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Sarah A Rydell
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South Second Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Aidan F Mullan
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Véronique L Roger
- Formerly Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Now with Epidemiology and Community Health Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Mark A Pereira
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South Second Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
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Eisele-Metzger A, Schoser DS, Klein MD, Grummich K, Schwarzer G, Schwingshackl L, Hermann R, Biallas B, Wilke C, Meerpohl JJ, Braun C. Interventions for preventing back pain among office workers - a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Scand J Work Environ Health 2023; 49:5-22. [PMID: 36382695 PMCID: PMC10549919 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Back pain is common in the working population. This systematic review with network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to compare the effects of interventions for preventing back pain among office workers. METHODS We searched eight databases and additional sources up to March 2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCT) and cluster RCT focusing on office workers, comparing work-related interventions aimed at preventing back pain (defined as pain in any part of the spine) to a control condition and assessing back pain and/or work absence. Further outcomes considered were adverse events and participants' satisfaction. We performed both frequentist and component NMA. Risk of bias (RoB) was evaluated using RoB 2 and certainty of the evidence (CoE) was assessed using GRADE. RESULTS We screened 9809 records and included 24 studies with a total of 7080 participants. RoB was assessed as "some concerns" or "high" for all studies and outcomes. Included studies investigated multicomponent interventions, ergonomics, physical activity, education, behavioral interventions and no/minimal interventions. Effects were mostly not statistically significant and based on low/very low CoE. Physical activity probably reduces days of work absence slightly [mean difference (MD) -1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.07- -0.13], and combining physical activity and ergonomics may reduce back pain intensity (standardized MD -0.41, 95% CI -0.80- -0.02) when compared to no/minimal intervention. A large proportion of participants were satisfied with the interventions, adverse events were rarely assessed. CONCLUSIONS We observed mostly minor effects of interventions on back pain and work absence among office workers. The practical relevance of these effects is questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Eisele-Metzger
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 86, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
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Edwardson CL, Biddle SJH, Clemes SA, Davies MJ, Dunstan DW, Eborall H, Granat MH, Gray LJ, Healy GN, Jaicim NB, Lawton S, Maylor BD, Munir F, Richardson G, Yates T, Clarke-Cornwell AM. Effectiveness of an intervention for reducing sitting time and improving health in office workers: three arm cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2022; 378:e069288. [PMID: 35977732 PMCID: PMC9382450 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-069288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention, with and without a height adjustable desk, on daily sitting time, and to investigate the relative effectiveness of the two interventions, and the effectiveness of both interventions on physical behaviours and physical, biochemical, psychological, and work related health and performance outcomes. DESIGN Cluster three arm randomised controlled trial with follow-up at three and 12 months. SETTING Local government councils in Leicester, Liverpool, and Greater Manchester, UK. PARTICIPANTS 78 clusters including 756 desk based employees in defined offices, departments, or teams from two councils in Leicester, three in Greater Manchester, and one in Liverpool. INTERVENTIONS Clusters were randomised to one of three conditions: the SMART Work and Life (SWAL) intervention, the SWAL intervention with a height adjustable desk (SWAL plus desk), or control (usual practice). MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES The primary outcome measure was daily sitting time, assessed by accelerometry, at 12 month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were accelerometer assessed sitting, prolonged sitting, standing and stepping time, and physical activity calculated over any valid day, work hours, workdays, and non-workdays, self-reported lifestyle behaviours, musculoskeletal problems, cardiometabolic health markers, work related health and performance, fatigue, and psychological measures. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 44.7 years, 72.4% (n=547) were women, and 74.9% (n=566) were white. Daily sitting time at 12 months was significantly lower in the intervention groups (SWAL -22.2 min/day, 95% confidence interval -38.8 to -5.7 min/day, P=0.003; SWAL plus desk -63.7 min/day, -80.1 to -47.4 min/day, P<0.001) compared with the control group. The SWAL plus desk intervention was found to be more effective than SWAL at changing sitting time (-41.7 min/day, -56.3 to -27.0 min/day, P<0.001). Favourable differences in sitting and prolonged sitting time at three and 12 month follow-ups for both intervention groups and for standing time for the SWAL plus desk group were observed during work hours and on workdays. Both intervention groups were associated with small improvements in stress, wellbeing, and vigour, and the SWAL plus desk group was associated with improvements in pain in the lower extremity, social norms for sitting and standing at work, and support. CONCLUSIONS Both SWAL and SWAL plus desk were associated with a reduction in sitting time, although the addition of a height adjustable desk was found to be threefold more effective. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN11618007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L Edwardson
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Stuart J H Biddle
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, QLD, Australia
| | - Stacy A Clemes
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicester, UK
| | - Melanie J Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, The Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Eborall
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Deanery of Molecular, Genetic and Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Malcolm H Granat
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Laura J Gray
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Genevieve N Healy
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Sarah Lawton
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Benjamin D Maylor
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Fehmidah Munir
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Thomas Yates
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
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de Oliveira TCDS, Muzeka ALP, Batista E, dos Santos GNFE, Rocha LFID, Legey ÂLC, Klein AA, Motter AA. Worker health impacts from working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Work 2022; 72:9-17. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-210553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. With the rapid spread of the virus, the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020 declared the initial outbreak of the disease a pandemic. OBJECTIVE: To assess the challenges and consequences of working from home on worker health during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Cross-sectional and descriptive study developed in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, from December 2020 to January 2021. An online questionnaire was used to interview workers working from home and later a statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: 327 workers from various fields of activity participated, mainly those from the south of the country, women, and workers who develop activities in education. In addition, results show anxiety and/or irritability, weight gain, discouragement, headaches and muscle and joint problems. CONCLUSION: Most participants found an increase in working hours while working from home, with several breaks during the day and adequate furniture. However, there was a worsening of physical pain and changes in symptoms of anxiety, weight gain, discouragement and headaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Luiza Pedrini Muzeka
- Department of Prevention and Rehabilitation in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Emilly Batista
- Department of Prevention and Rehabilitation in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Arlete Ana Motter
- Department of Prevention and Rehabilitation in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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The Ergonomic Association between Shoulder, Neck/Head Disorders and Sedentary Activity: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:5178333. [PMID: 35356625 PMCID: PMC8959976 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5178333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Work-associated upper limb and neck disorders are common occupational disorders throughout the world. These disorders are usually observed more in workers who spend a long time sitting, referred to as sedentary activity (SA). The immediate and distorted risk of sedentary-related problems was considered high in Europe, Australia, and the United States. Even though mediation is convenient, it is likely to reduce office workers' risks of developing cervical and upper body pain due to sedentary work. This systematic review addresses risk factors and evaluates the relationship between SA and upper body disorders in office workers (i.e., shoulder and neck/head). Methods PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for articles published between January 2010 and August 2021 in the English language. The three keywords “sedentary,” “upper body elements,” and “work” (and their derivatives) were searched to identify studies and carry out this systematic review. The articles were searched so that all three keywords or at least a derivation of each keyword should appear. Findings. Of the 40 articles that met the enclosure criteria, 32 studies examined the association of SA and upper body elements during both office and computer work. However, three articles were evaluated in the sit-stand work environment, and in the remaining five studies, one was evaluated during teaching, two during hospital work, and two during mixed working conditions. Conclusions Research related to SA focuses mainly on extended risk factors, but there was no focus on other aspects, such as muscle and tendon contractions. As there is a convincing connection between SA and the upper body, our close examination identifies the need to institutionalize a system for collecting, analyzing, and describing the impact and short-term effects of SA on the upper body. Additionally, some suggestions were made to minimize the risk in a sedentary working environment.
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Black NL, Tremblay M, Ranaivosoa F. Different sit:stand time ratios within a 30-minute cycle change perceptions related to musculoskeletal disorders. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2022; 99:103605. [PMID: 34689018 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Regular standing interruptions to sedentary work are recommended, but their dosage is understudied. To measure perception variations associated with different sit:stand ratios, 16 people used six ratios (30:0, 27:3, 24:6, 21:9, 18:12 and 15:15) within 30-min cycles in their normal office environment. At start and end of each workday, study participants recorded their perception of 11 factors on a 10-point scale. Musculoskeletal discomfort in 10 body regions was measured before and after exposure to sit-stand ratios. Overall preferred ratios were recorded. Sit:stand ratio affected all perceived factors, with impact varying. Standing at least 6 min improved results most overall; however, individual perceived factors were least impacted by any of 30:0, 27:3, 24:6 or 21:9. Preferred sit:stand ratios were 15:15, 18:12 and 21:9. Typically, least liked ratios involved briefest standing (30:0, 27:3, 24:6) although two participants least liked 15:15. Understanding these variations contributes to appropriate standing dosage recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L Black
- Mechanical Engineering, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine Maillet Avenue, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada.
| | - Mathieu Tremblay
- Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada.
| | - Fandresena Ranaivosoa
- Mechanical Engineering, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine Maillet Avenue, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
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Dzakpasu FQS, Carver A, Brakenridge CJ, Cicuttini F, Urquhart DM, Owen N, Dunstan DW. Musculoskeletal pain and sedentary behaviour in occupational and non-occupational settings: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:159. [PMID: 34895248 PMCID: PMC8666269 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behaviour (SB; time spent sitting) is associated with musculoskeletal pain (MSP) conditions; however, no prior systematic review has examined these associations according to SB domains. We synthesised evidence on occupational and non-occupational SB and MSP conditions. METHODS Guided by a PRISMA protocol, eight databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, SPORTDiscus, and AMED) and three grey literature sources (Google Scholar, WorldChat, and Trove) were searched (January 1, 2000, to March 17, 2021) for original quantitative studies of adults ≥ 18 years. Clinical-condition studies were excluded. Studies' risk of bias was assessed using the QualSyst checklist. For meta-analyses, random effect inverse-variance pooled effect size was estimated; otherwise, best-evidence synthesis was used for narrative review. RESULTS Of 178 potentially-eligible studies, 79 were included [24 general population; 55 occupational (incuding15 experimental/intervention)]; 56 studies were of high quality, with scores > 0.75. Data for 26 were meta-synthesised. For cross-sectional studies of non-occupational SB, meta-analysis showed full-day SB to be associated with low back pain [LBP - OR = 1.19(1.03 - 1.38)]. Narrative synthesis found full-day SB associations with knee pain, arthritis, and general MSP, but the evidence was insufficient on associations with neck/shoulder pain, hip pain, and upper extremities pain. Evidence of prospective associations of full-day SB with MSP conditions was insufficient. Also, there was insufficient evidence on both cross-sectional and prospective associations between leisure-time SB and MSP conditions. For occupational SB, cross-sectional studies meta-analysed indicated associations of self-reported workplace sitting with LBP [OR = 1.47(1.12 - 1.92)] and neck/shoulder pain [OR = 1.73(1.46 - 2.03)], but not with extremities pain [OR = 1.17(0.65 - 2.11)]. Best-evidence synthesis identified inconsistent findings on cross-sectional association and a probable negative prospective association of device-measured workplace sitting with LBP-intensity in tradespeople. There was cross-sectional evidence on the association of computer time with neck/shoulder pain, but insufficient evidence for LBP and general MSP. Experimental/intervention evidence indicated reduced LBP, neck/shoulder pain, and general MSP with reducing workplace sitting. CONCLUSIONS We found cross-sectional associations of occupational and non-occupational SB with MSP conditions, with occupational SB associations being occupation dependent, however, reverse causality bias cannot be ruled out. While prospective evidence was inconclusive, reducing workplace sitting was associated with reduced MSP conditions. Future studies should emphasise prospective analyses and examining potential interactions with chronic diseases. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION PROSPERO ID # CRD42020166412 (Amended to limit the scope).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Q S Dzakpasu
- Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Alison Carver
- Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian J Brakenridge
- Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Flavia Cicuttini
- Central Clinical School/Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Donna M Urquhart
- Central Clinical School/Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David W Dunstan
- Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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12
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The impact of e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic on students' body aches in Palestine. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22379. [PMID: 34789843 PMCID: PMC8599456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01967-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal pain is a major concern in our life due to its negative effects on our ability to perform daily functions. During COVID-19 pandemic, several countries switched their teaching programs into e-learning, where students spend long hour using electronic devices. The use of these devices was associated with several musculoskeletal complains among the students. The aim of this study is to evaluate the different body aches associated with e-learning on university students. The subjects of this study were students from An-Najah University in Palestine. 385 questionnaires were filled using Google forms questionnaire and all the subjects were using e-learning due to COVID-19 pandemic. Our study showed that a large percentage of participants used electronic devices for e-learning during the pandemic. The Duration of these devices use was correlated with duration and degree of pain, and associated with the difficulty in ability to perform several daily activities. Furthermore, most of the students used the sitting position with supine bent forward during the device usage. Thus, the university students that participated in this study had an increase in body aches during the e-learning process, and the aches duration and severity increases if the duration of electronic devices usage increase.
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13
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Rise and Recharge: Exploring Employee Perceptions of and Contextual Factors Influencing an Individual-Level E-Health Smartphone Intervention to Reduce Office Workers' Sedentary Time at Work. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189627. [PMID: 34574551 PMCID: PMC8467510 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This feasibility study explored the contextual factors influencing office workers' adherence to an e-health intervention targeting total and prolonged sedentary time over 12 weeks. A three-arm quasi-randomized intervention included prompts at 30 or 60 min intervals delivered via a smartphone application, and a no-prompt comparison arm. Fifty-six office workers completed baseline (64% female) and 44 completed the 12 week follow-up (80% retention). Ecological momentary assessments (EMA) captured contextual data, with 82.8 ± 24.9 EMA prompt questionnaires completed weekly. Two focus groups with n = 8 Prompt 30 and 60 participants were conducted one-month post-intervention to address intervention acceptability and feasibility. Contextual findings indicate that when working on a sedentary task (i.e., reading or screen-based work) and located at an individual workstation, hourly prompts may be more acceptable and feasible for promoting a reduction in total and prolonged sedentary time compared to 30 min prompts. Interpersonal support also appears important for promoting subtle shifts in sedentary working practices. This novel study gives a real-time insight into the factors influencing adherence to e-health prompts. Findings identified unique, pragmatic considerations for delivering a workplace e-health intervention, indicating that further research is warranted to optimize the method of intervention delivery prior to evaluation of a large-scale intervention.
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Dos Reis-Júnior JR, Pinheiro JS, Protázio JB, Pinheiro CAB, Fidelis-de-Paula-Gomes CA, de Oliveira Pires F, de Souza SAR, Anselmo-E-Silva CI, da Silva Souza C, Bassi-Dibai D, Dibai-Filho AV. Self-Estimated Functional Inability Because of Pain Questionnaire for Athletes: A Reliability and Construct Validity Study. J Chiropr Med 2021; 20:23-29. [PMID: 34025302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcm.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to measure the reliability, internal consistency, construct validity, and floor and ceiling effects of the Brazilian version of the Self-Estimated Functional Inability Because of Pain Questionnaire for athletes (SEFIP-sport). Methods This was a validity questionnaire study developed in a university community. Athletes or practitioners of any sport undertaking regular practice (weekly frequency of at least twice a week for at least 6 months), with the ability to read and write in Brazilian Portuguese, were included. We evaluated disability by means of the SEFIP-sport and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for general pain, pain intensity by means of a numerical rating scale, quality of life by means of the Short-Form Health Survey, and predicted disability by means of the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire. Results Two hundred and twenty-one athletes or regular practitioners of sport were recruited and included in the study. We observed adequate values of reliability (κ ≥ 0.40, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.91), internal consistency (Cronbach's α ≥ 0.81), and correlations (r s ≥ -0.376) of the total SEFIP-sport score with the numerical rating scale; the pain, vitality, and social aspects domains of the Short-Form Health Survey; the Roland-Morris questionnaire; and the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire. Conclusion The Brazilian Portuguese version of the SEFIP-sport demonstrated adequate psychometric properties for use in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniela Bassi-Dibai
- Postgraduate Program in Programs Management and Health Services, University of Ceuma, São Luís, Brazil
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15
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Morris AS, Mackintosh KA, Dunstan D, Owen N, Dempsey P, Pennington T, McNarry MA. Rise and Recharge: Effects on Activity Outcomes of an e-Health Smartphone Intervention to Reduce Office Workers' Sitting Time. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9300. [PMID: 33322678 PMCID: PMC7764765 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This feasibility study evaluated the effects of an individual-level intervention to target office workers total and prolonged sedentary behaviour during working hours, using an e-health smartphone application. A three-arm (Prompt-30 or 60 min Intervention arm and a No-Prompt Comparison arm), quasi-randomised intervention was conducted over 12 weeks. Behavioural outcomes (worktime sitting, standing, stepping, prolonged sitting, and physical activity) were monitored using accelerometers and anthropometrics measured at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks. Cardiometabolic measures were taken at baseline and 12 weeks. Fifty-six office workers (64% female) completed baseline assessments. The Prompt-60 arm was associated with a reduction in occupational sitting time at 6 (-46.8 min/8 h workday [95% confidence interval = -86.4, -6.6], p < 0.05) and 12 weeks (-69.6 min/8 h workday [-111.0, -28.2], p < 0.05) relative to the No-Prompt Comparison arm. Sitting was primarily replaced with standing in both arms (p > 0.05). Both Intervention arms reduced time in prolonged sitting bouts at 12 weeks (Prompt-30: -27.0 [-99.0, 45.0]; Prompt-60: -25.8 [-98.4, 47.4] min/8 h workday; both p > 0.05). There were no changes in steps or cardiometabolic risk. Findings highlight the potential of a smartphone e-health application, suggesting 60 min prompts may present an optimal frequency to reduce total occupational sedentary behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail S. Morris
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, Wales, UK; (A.S.M.); (K.A.M.); (T.P.)
- Department of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Kelly A. Mackintosh
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, Wales, UK; (A.S.M.); (K.A.M.); (T.P.)
| | - David Dunstan
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (D.D.); (N.O.); (P.D.)
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (D.D.); (N.O.); (P.D.)
| | - Paddy Dempsey
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (D.D.); (N.O.); (P.D.)
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Thomas Pennington
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, Wales, UK; (A.S.M.); (K.A.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Melitta A. McNarry
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, Wales, UK; (A.S.M.); (K.A.M.); (T.P.)
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16
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Danquah IH, Kloster S, Tolstrup JS. "Oh-oh, the others are standing up... I better do the same". Mixed-method evaluation of the implementation process of 'Take a Stand!' - a cluster randomized controlled trial of a multicomponent intervention to reduce sitting time among office workers. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1209. [PMID: 32770969 PMCID: PMC7414748 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multicomponent workplace-based interventions aimed at reducing sitting time among office workers are becoming increasingly popular. ‘Take a Stand!’ was such an intervention, reducing sitting time by 71 min after 1 month and 48 min after 3 months. However, it is unclear how the implementation process of ‘Take a Stand!’ affected these results. The present study explored how individual factors and organizational context influenced implementation and effect in ‘Take a Stand!’ Methods This was a mixed-methods study, combining data from interviews, questionnaires and accelerometers. Directed content analysis was used for analysing interviews with participants, ambassadors and managers from the 10 intervention offices in the ‘Take a Stand!’ study. Categories for analysis were taken from Framework for Evaluating Organizational-level Interventions. Interview data were combined with questionnaire and activity data, and multilevel analysis was undertaken to assess how changes in sitting time varied depending on the assessed factors. In addition, interview data were used to underpin results from the multilevel analysis. Results Concurrent institutional changes were found to be a barrier for the intervention by ambassadors, while participants and managers did not find it to be an issue. Management support was consistently highlighted as very important. Participants evaluated ambassadors as being generally adequately active but also, that the role had a greater potential. The motivational and social aspects of the intervention were considered important for the effect. This was supported by regression analyses, which showed that a strong desire to change sitting time habits, strong motivation towards the project, and a high sense of collective engagement were associated to less sitting time at 3 months of about 30 min/8 h working day compared to participants with low scores. Influence from other participants (e.g. seeing others raise their tables) and the use of humour were continuously highlighted by participants as positive for implementation. Finally, the intervention was found to influence the social climate at the workplace positively. Conclusion Individual motivation was related to the sitting time effect of ‘Take a Stand!’, but the organizational culture was relevant both to the implementation and effect within the office community. The organizational culture included among others to ensure general participation, to uphold management and peer-support, and maintain a positive environment during the intervention period. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01996176. Prospectively registered 21 November 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida H Danquah
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Stine Kloster
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne S Tolstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Healy GN, Goode AD, Abbott A, Burzic J, Clark BK, Dunstan DW, Eakin EG, Frith M, Gilson ND, Gao L, Gunning L, Jetann J, LaMontagne AD, Lawler SP, Moodie M, Nguyen P, Owen N, Straker L, Timmins P, Ulyate L, Winkler EAH. Supporting Workers to Sit Less and Move More Through the Web-Based BeUpstanding Program: Protocol for a Single-Arm, Repeated Measures Implementation Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e15756. [PMID: 32364513 PMCID: PMC7235812 DOI: 10.2196/15756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The web-based BeUpstanding Champion Toolkit was developed to support work teams in addressing the emergent work health and safety issue of excessive sitting. It provides a step-by-step guide and associated resources that equip a workplace representative-the champion-to adopt and deliver the 8-week intervention program (BeUpstanding) to their work team. The evidence-informed program is designed to raise awareness of the benefits of sitting less and moving more, build a supportive culture for change, and encourage staff to take action to achieve this change. Work teams collectively choose the strategies they want to implement and promote to stand up, sit less, and move more, with this bespoke and participative approach ensuring the strategies are aligned with the team's needs and existing culture. BeUpstanding has been iteratively developed and optimized through a multiphase process to ensure that it is fit for purpose for wide-scale implementation. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to describe the current version of BeUpstanding, and the methods and protocol for a national implementation trial. METHODS The trial will be conducted in collaboration with five Australian workplace health and safety policy and practice partners. Desk-based work teams from a variety of industries will be recruited from across Australia via partner-led referral pathways. Recruitment will target sectors (small business, rural or regional, call center, blue collar, and government) that are of priority to the policy and practice partners. A minimum of 50 work teams will be recruited per priority sector with a minimum of 10,000 employees exposed to the program. A single-arm, repeated-measures design will assess the short-term (end of program) and long-term (9 months postprogram) impacts. Data will be collected on the web via surveys and toolkit analytics and by the research team via telephone calls with champions. The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance Framework will guide the evaluation, with assessment of the adoption/reach of the program (the number and characteristics of work teams and participating staff), program implementation (completion by the champion of core program components), effectiveness (on workplace sitting, standing, and moving), and maintenance (sustainability of changes). There will be an economic evaluation of the costs and outcomes of scaling up to national implementation, including intervention affordability and sustainability. RESULTS The study received funding in June 2018 and the original protocol was approved by institutional review board on January 9, 2017, with national implementation trial consent and protocol amendment approved March 12, 2019. The trial started on June 12, 2019, with 48 teams recruited as of December 2019. CONCLUSIONS The implementation and multimethod evaluation of BeUpstanding will provide the practice-based evidence needed for informing the potential broader dissemination of the program. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000682347; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=372843&isReview=true. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/15756.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Nissa Healy
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Ana D Goode
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alison Abbott
- Workplace Health and Safety Queensland, Office of Industrial Relations, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer Burzic
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bronwyn K Clark
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Eakin
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Lan Gao
- School of Health & Soc. Dev, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.,The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | | | - Jodie Jetann
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Sheleigh P Lawler
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marjory Moodie
- School of Health & Soc. Dev, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- School of Health & Soc. Dev, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Lisa Ulyate
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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18
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Parry SP, Coenen P, Shrestha N, O'Sullivan PB, Maher CG, Straker LM. Workplace interventions for increasing standing or walking for decreasing musculoskeletal symptoms in sedentary workers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 2019:CD012487. [PMID: 31742666 PMCID: PMC6953379 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012487.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among sedentary workers is high. Interventions that promote occupational standing or walking have been found to reduce occupational sedentary time, but it is unclear whether these interventions ameliorate musculoskeletal symptoms in sedentary workers. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effectiveness of workplace interventions to increase standing or walking for decreasing musculoskeletal symptoms in sedentary workers. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, OSH UPDATE, PEDro, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) search portal up to January 2019. We also screened reference lists of primary studies and contacted experts to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cluster-randomised controlled trials (cluster-RCTs), quasi RCTs, and controlled before-and-after (CBA) studies of interventions to reduce or break up workplace sitting by encouraging standing or walking in the workplace among workers with musculoskeletal symptoms. The primary outcome was self-reported intensity or presence of musculoskeletal symptoms by body region and the impact of musculoskeletal symptoms such as pain-related disability. We considered work performance and productivity, sickness absenteeism, and adverse events such as venous disorders or perinatal complications as secondary outcomes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles for study eligibility. These review authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We contacted study authors to request additional data when required. We used GRADE considerations to assess the quality of evidence provided by studies that contributed to the meta-analyses. MAIN RESULTS We found ten studies including three RCTs, five cluster RCTs, and two CBA studies with a total of 955 participants, all from high-income countries. Interventions targeted changes to the physical work environment such as provision of sit-stand or treadmill workstations (four studies), an activity tracker (two studies) for use in individual approaches, and multi-component interventions (five studies). We did not find any studies that specifically targeted only the organisational level components. Two studies assessed pain-related disability. Physical work environment There was no significant difference in the intensity of low back symptoms (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.80 to 0.10; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence) nor in the intensity of upper back symptoms (SMD -0.48, 95% CI -.096 to 0.00; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence) in the short term (less than six months) for interventions using sit-stand workstations compared to no intervention. No studies examined discomfort outcomes at medium (six to less than 12 months) or long term (12 months and more). No significant reduction in pain-related disability was noted when a sit-stand workstation was used compared to when no intervention was provided in the medium term (mean difference (MD) -0.4, 95% CI -2.70 to 1.90; 1 RCT; low-quality evidence). Individual approach There was no significant difference in the intensity or presence of low back symptoms (SMD -0.05, 95% CI -0.87 to 0.77; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence), upper back symptoms (SMD -0.04, 95% CI -0.92 to 0.84; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence), neck symptoms (SMD -0.05, 95% CI -0.68 to 0.78; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence), shoulder symptoms (SMD -0.14, 95% CI -0.63 to 0.90; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence), or elbow/wrist and hand symptoms (SMD -0.30, 95% CI -0.63 to 0.90; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence) for interventions involving an activity tracker compared to an alternative intervention or no intervention in the short term. No studies provided outcomes at medium term, and only one study examined outcomes at long term. Organisational level No studies evaluated the effects of interventions solely targeted at the organisational level. Multi-component approach There was no significant difference in the proportion of participants reporting low back symptoms (risk ratio (RR) 0.93, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.27; 3 RCTs; low-quality evidence), neck symptoms (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.32; 3 RCTs; low-quality evidence), shoulder symptoms (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.12 to 5.80; 2 RCTs; very low-quality evidence), and upper back symptoms (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.32; 3 RCTs; low-quality evidence) for interventions using a multi-component approach compared to no intervention in the short term. Only one RCT examined outcomes at medium term and found no significant difference in low back symptoms (MD -0.40, 95% CI -1.95 to 1.15; 1 RCT; low-quality evidence), upper back symptoms (MD -0.70, 95% CI -2.12 to 0.72; low-quality evidence), and leg symptoms (MD -0.80, 95% CI -2.49 to 0.89; low-quality evidence). There was no significant difference in the proportion of participants reporting low back symptoms (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.40; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence), neck symptoms (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.08; two RCTs; low-quality evidence), and upper back symptoms (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.08 to 3.29; 2 RCTs; low-quality evidence) for interventions using a multi-component approach compared to no intervention in the long term. There was a statistically significant reduction in pain-related disability following a multi-component intervention compared to no intervention in the medium term (MD -8.80, 95% CI -17.46 to -0.14; 1 RCT; low-quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Currently available limited evidence does not show that interventions to increase standing or walking in the workplace reduced musculoskeletal symptoms among sedentary workers at short-, medium-, or long-term follow up. The quality of evidence is low or very low, largely due to study design and small sample sizes. Although the results of this review are not statistically significant, some interventions targeting the physical work environment are suggestive of an intervention effect. Therefore, in the future, larger cluster-RCTs recruiting participants with baseline musculoskeletal symptoms and long-term outcomes are needed to determine whether interventions to increase standing or walking can reduce musculoskeletal symptoms among sedentary workers and can be sustained over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon P Parry
- Curtin UniversitySchool of Physiotherapy and Exercise ScienceKent StreetBentleyPerthWest AustraliaAustralia6102
| | - Pieter Coenen
- Curtin UniversitySchool of Physiotherapy and Exercise ScienceKent StreetBentleyPerthWest AustraliaAustralia6102
- VU University Medical CenterDepartment of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Researchvan der Boechorststraat 7AmsterdamNetherlands1081BT
| | - Nipun Shrestha
- Victoria UniversityInstitute for Health and Sport (IHES)MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Peter B O'Sullivan
- Curtin UniversitySchool of Physiotherapy and Exercise ScienceKent StreetBentleyPerthWest AustraliaAustralia6102
| | - Christopher G Maher
- University of SydneySydney School of Public HealthLevel 10 North, King George V Building, Missenden Road, CamperdownSydneyNSWAustralia2050
| | - Leon M Straker
- Curtin UniversitySchool of Physiotherapy and Exercise ScienceKent StreetBentleyPerthWest AustraliaAustralia6102
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19
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MacDonald B, Janssen X, Kirk A, Patience M, Gibson AM. An Integrative, Systematic Review Exploring the Research, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance of Interventions to Reduce Sedentary Behaviour in Office Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2876. [PMID: 30558258 PMCID: PMC6313589 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary behaviour is associated with poor health outcomes, and office-based workers are at significant health risk, as they accumulate large proportions of their overall sitting time at work. The aim of this integrated systematic review was to collate and synthesize published research on sedentary behaviour interventions in the workplace that have reported on at least one an aspect of the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. Studies were included if they involved adult office workers, were conducted in an office setting, and changes in sedentary behaviour had been measured as a primary outcome. Five electronic databases were searched yielding 7234 articles, with 75 articles (61 individual interventions) meeting the inclusion criteria. Reach indicators were the most frequently reported RE-AIM dimensions, which were reported on average 59% of the time. Efficacy/effectiveness was the second most reported dimension at 49% reporting across all of the indicators. Implementation indicators were reported an average of 44% of the time, with indicators of adoption and maintenance reported as the lowest of all indicators at 13% and 8%, respectively. Recommendations are provided to improve reporting across all RE-AIM dimensions, which is an important first step to enable the effective translation of interventions into real world settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley MacDonald
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK.
| | - Xanne Janssen
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK.
| | - Alison Kirk
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK.
| | - Mhairi Patience
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK.
| | - Ann-Marie Gibson
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK.
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