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Ruedl G, Posch M, Pocecco E, Tecklenburg K, Schliernzauer B, Kennedy MD, Faulhaber M, Burtscher M. Association of personal and equipment-related factors on ACL injury risk in alpine skiers with cautious or risk-taking behaviour: A case-control study. AIMS Public Health 2023; 10:348-359. [PMID: 37304585 PMCID: PMC10251046 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2023026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recreational alpine skiing ACL injury risk depends on the interaction of individual characteristics and behaviours as well as on equipment-related factors. Aim to evaluate if and to what extent personal characteristics and equipment-related parameters are associated with ACL injury risk in cautious and risk-taking recreational alpine skiers. Methods A retrospective questionnaire-based, case-control study of ACL-injured and uninjured in a cohort of cautious as well as risk-taking recreational skiers was conducted. Participants self-reported their demographics, skiing skill level, and risk-taking behaviour. Ski length, side-cut radius, widths of the tip, waist, and tail were recorded from each participant's skis. Standing heights at the front and rear components of the ski binding were measured with a digital sliding caliper, and a standing height ratio between the front and rear components was calculated. Ski boot sole abrasion at the toe and heel pieces was also measured with the digital sliding caliper. Results In total, 1068 recreational skiers (50.8% females) with a mean age of 37.8 ± 12.3 years participated, of whom 193 (22.0%) sustained an ACL injury, and 330 (30.9%) participants reported a risk-taking behaviour. Results of the multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that a higher age, a lower skill level, a higher standing height ratio, and greater ski boot sole abrasion at the toe as well as heel pieces were independently associated with an increased ACL injury risk in both the cautious and the risk-taking group. Among cautious skiers, a longer ski length was an additional significant risk factor for sustaining an ACL injury. In conclusion, the same personal and equipment related characteristics contribute to an increase in the ACL injury risk regardless of risk-taking behaviour, with the only difference that longer skis represent an additional risk factor in cautious skiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Ruedl
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Posch
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elena Pocecco
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Michael D. Kennedy
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Van Vliet Ctr, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Martin Faulhaber
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Ruedl G, Posch M, Tecklenburg K, Schranz A, Faulhaber M, Burtscher M. Skill-Specific Differences in Equipment-Related Risk Factors for ACL Injury in Male and Female Recreational Skiers. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231155841. [PMID: 36896096 PMCID: PMC9989403 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231155841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recreational alpine skiing, the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is affected in approximately 50% of serious knee injuries. There are established sex-based and skill-based differences in ACL injury risk, but the potential impact of equipment used (eg, skis, bindings, and boots) has not been evaluated. Purpose To evaluate individual and equipment-related risk factors for an ACL injury depending on sex and skill level. Study Design Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods This was a retrospective questionnaire-based, case-control study of female and male skiers with and without ACL injuries during 6 winter seasons (from 2014-2015 to 2019-2020). Demographic data, skill level, equipment specifications, risk-taking behavior, and ownership of ski equipment were recorded. Ski geometry (ski length; sidecut radius; and widths of the tip, waist, and tail) was taken from each participant's ski. The standing heights of the front and back part of the ski binding were measured using a digital sliding caliper, and the standing height ratio was calculated. Abrasion of the ski boot sole was also measured at the toe and heel. Participants were divided by sex into less and more skilled skiers. Results A total of 1817 recreational skiers participated in this study, of whom 392 (21.6%) sustained an ACL injury. A greater standing height ratio and more abrasion at the toe of the boot sole were associated with increased ACL injury risk in both sexes, independent of the skill level. Riskier behavior increased the injury risk only in male skiers, independent of the skill level, and longer skis increased the injury risk only in less skilled female skiers. Older age, the use of rented/borrowed skis, and more abrasion at the heel of the boot sole were independent risk factors for ACL injury in the more skilled skiers of both sexes. Conclusion Individual and equipment-related risk factors for an ACL injury partly differed according to skill level and sex. Consideration of the demonstrated equipment-related factors should be implemented in order to reduce ACL injuries in recreational skiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Ruedl
- Department of Sport Science, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Posch
- Department of Sport Science, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Martin Faulhaber
- Department of Sport Science, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Liu P, Yue N, Chen J. A Machine-Learning-Based Medical Imaging Fast Recognition of Injury Mechanism for Athletes of Winter Sports. Front Public Health 2022; 10:842452. [PMID: 35372194 PMCID: PMC8968734 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.842452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics will begin soon, which is mainly focused on winter sports. Athletes from different countries will arrive in Beijing one after another for training and competition. The health protection of athletes of winter sports is very important in training and competition. The occurrence of sports injury is characterized by multiple factors, uncertainty, and accidents. This paper mainly pays attention to the head injury with the highest severity. Athletes' high safety awareness is a part of reducing injury, but safety awareness cannot effectively reduce the occurrence of injury in competition, and timely treatment of injured athletes is particularly important. After athletes are injured, a telemedicine image acquisition system can be built, so that medical experts can identify athletes' injuries in time and provide the basis for further diagnosis and treatment. In order to improve the accuracy of medical image processing, a C-support vector machine (SVM) medical image segmentation method combining the Chan-Vese (CV) model and SVM is proposed in this paper. After segmentation, the edge and detail features of the image are more prominent, which meet the requirements of high precision for medical image segmentation. Meanwhile, a high-precision registration algorithm of brain functional time-series images based on machine learning (ML) is proposed, and the automatic optimization of high-precision registration of brain function time-series images is performed by ML algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has higher segmentation accuracy above 80% and less registration time below 40 ms, which can provide a reference for doctors to quickly identify the injury and shorten the time.
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Callahan CE, Kossman MK, Mihalik JP, Marshall SW, Gildner P, Kerr ZY, Cameron KL, Houston MN, Mrazik M, Register-Mihalik JK. Association between Sensation-Seeking Behaviors and Concussion-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, Perceived Norms, and Care-Seeking Behaviors among Collegiate Student-Athletes. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:33-42. [PMID: 35250331 PMCID: PMC8851124 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There are limited data connecting personality and behavioral tendencies and traits related to concussion care-seeking/disclosure behaviors and minimal research exists surrounding the relationship between risky behaviors, sensation-seeking, and concussion-related outcomes. This study examined the association between sensation-seeking and a student-athlete's concussion-related knowledge, attitudes, perceived social norms, and concussion care-seeking/disclosure behaviors (intention to disclose concussion symptoms, perceived control over symptom disclosure, self-removal from play due to concussion symptoms, continued play with concussion symptoms, and disclosure of all concussions at the time of injury). The current study utilized a retrospective cohort of collegiate student-athletes at a single National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I institution. Separate multivariable linear regression models estimating mean differences (MD) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) estimated the association between sensation-seeking and concussion knowledge, concussion attitudes, and perceived social norms. Separate multivariable binomial regression models estimating adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95%CI estimated the association between sensation-seeking and intention to disclose concussion symptoms, perceived control over symptom disclosure, self-removal from play due to concussion symptoms, continued play with concussion symptoms, and disclosure of all concussions at the time of injury. All models were adjusted for sex, sport participation, and concussion history. Higher sensation-seeking was significantly associated with less favorable concussion attitudes (adjusted MD = -1.93; 95%CI = -3.04,-0.83), less favorable perceived social norms surrounding concussion (adjusted MD = -1.39; 95%CI = -2.06,-0.72), and continuing to play while experiencing concussion symptoms (adjusted PR = 1.50; 95%CI = 1.10, 2.06). Student-athletes with increased sensation-seeking could be at risk for failing to disclose a concussion, decreasing athlete safety and resulting in less optimal care post-injury. Results will inform future theory-based concussion education programs which consider behavioral tendencies and traits as well as sport culture to promote concussion care-seeking/disclosure and individualized interventions based on risky behavior engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Callahan
- Matthew Gfeller Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina, NC, USA
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Melissa K Kossman
- School of Health Professions, University of Southern Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Jason P Mihalik
- Matthew Gfeller Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina, NC, USA
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill NC, USA
| | - Stephen W Marshall
- Injury Prevention Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paula Gildner
- Injury Prevention Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill NC, USA
| | - Zachary Y Kerr
- Matthew Gfeller Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina, NC, USA
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill NC, USA
| | - Kenneth L Cameron
- John A. Feagin Jr. Sports Medicine Fellowship, Keller Army Hospital, United States Military Academy, NY, USA
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, MD, USA
| | - Megan N Houston
- John A. Feagin Jr. Sports Medicine Fellowship, Keller Army Hospital, United States Military Academy, NY, USA
| | - Martin Mrazik
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, AB, Canada
| | - Johna K Register-Mihalik
- Matthew Gfeller Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina, NC, USA
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill NC, USA
- STAR Heel Performance Laboratory, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Burtscher M, Niedermeier M, Gatterer H. Editorial on the Special Issue on "Mountain Sports Activities: Injuries and Prevention". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041405. [PMID: 33546286 PMCID: PMC7913336 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recreational outdoor activities like mountain sports are gaining large popularity all over the world and particularly in the Alpine regions [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Correspondence:
| | - Martin Niedermeier
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Hannes Gatterer
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, EURAC Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
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Doyle-Baker PK, Emery CA. Self-Reported Physical Activity, Injury, and Illness in Canadian Adolescent Ski Racers. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:32. [PMID: 33345024 PMCID: PMC7739776 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Youth ski racers spend a considerable amount of time on snow and this may detract from other activities known to influence fundamental movement skills and overall health related outcomes. Parents of racers (n = 52 F; n = 44 M; age range 9–14 years) registered in the Canadian club system completed a baseline medical questionnaire during preseason testing in 2017. We describe physical activity volume and sport participation outside of physical education classes over the previous 12 months and report on injuries, medication use and health care utilization. The mean number of activities participated was five (range 1–14) with cycling, hiking, and swimming as the preferred choice and a cumulative mean of just under 400 h of activity was reported (range F 27–1,015; M 62–869 h/year) in the past year. During the past 12 months 16% of the athletes reported being injured and injury severity impacted return to sport with range of reported days missed from 1 to 365 days. Thirteen non-concussive injuries were reported in alpine skiing and females (12%, 6/52) reported more lower limb injuries than males (7%, 3/44). More males were concussed over their lifetime, with alpine skiing accounting for 46% and mountain biking 15%. Most athletes (85%) did not take medication on a regular basis and those that did had a medical diagnosis. The frequency of respiratory conditions was 13% (12/96) with males reporting slightly more cases than females. No difference in emergency visits occurred (25%) between males and females in the past 12 months, however females reported more (n = 102) allied health care, sport medicine and x-rays appointments when compared to males (n = 65). In summary, a high volume of physical activity (an hour plus per day) over the previous 12 months was reported with racers participating in several activities outside of skiing, likely honing their fundamental movement skills. Close proximity to the mountains may have influenced their choices of activity outside of ski racing, and their injuries and a variety of health conditions were typical of their age group. Future research employing wearable technology to objectively quantify the volume and intensity of physical activity participation is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K Doyle-Baker
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,The Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,The Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Niedermeier M, Gatterer H, Pocecco E, Frühauf A, Faulhaber M, Menz V, Burtscher J, Posch M, Ruedl G, Burtscher M. Mortality in Different Mountain Sports Activities Primarily Practiced in the Winter Season-A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010259. [PMID: 31905912 PMCID: PMC6981978 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Annually, millions of people engage in mountain sports activities all over the world. These activities are associated with health benefits, but concurrently with a risk for injury and death. Knowledge on death rates is considered important for the categorization of high-risk sports in literature and for the development of effective preventive measures. The death risk has been reported to vary across different mountain sports primarily practiced in the summer season. To complete the spectrum, the aim of the present review is to compare mortality rates across different mountain sports activities primarily practiced in winter. A comprehensive literature search was performed on the death risk (mortality) during such activities, i.e., alpine (downhill) skiing, snowboarding, cross-country skiing, ski touring, and sledging. With the exception of ski touring (4.4 deaths per 1 million exposure days), the mortality risk was low across different winter sports, with small activity-specific variation (0.3–0.8 deaths per 1 million exposure days). Traumatic (e.g., falls) and non-traumatic (e.g., cardiac death) incidents and avalanche burial in ski tourers were the predominant causes of death. Preventive measures include the improvement of sport-specific skills and fitness, the use of protective gear, well-targeted and intensive training programs concerning avalanche hazards, and sports-medical counseling for elderly and those with pre-existing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Niedermeier
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.N.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (V.M.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Hannes Gatterer
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, EURAC Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Elena Pocecco
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.N.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (V.M.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Center for Teaching Methodology, Pedagogical University Tyrol, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anika Frühauf
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.N.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (V.M.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Martin Faulhaber
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.N.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (V.M.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Austrian Society for Alpine and High-Altitude Medicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Menz
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.N.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (V.M.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Johannes Burtscher
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Markus Posch
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.N.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (V.M.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Gerhard Ruedl
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.N.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (V.M.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.N.); (E.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (V.M.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Austrian Society for Alpine and High-Altitude Medicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence:
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