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Fermani A, del Moral G, Canestrari C. Editorial: Bullying and cyberbullying: their nature and impact on psychological wellbeing. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1265031. [PMID: 37637917 PMCID: PMC10449639 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1265031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Fermani
- Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Gonzalo del Moral
- Department of Education and Social Psychology, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Carla Canestrari
- Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
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Malinowska-Cieślik M, Kleszczewska D, Dzielska A, Ścibor M, Mazur J. Similarities and Differences between Psychosocial Determinants of Bullying and Cyberbullying Perpetration among Polish Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1358. [PMID: 36674114 PMCID: PMC9859448 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the extensive literature on the psychosocial determinants of bullying and cyberbullying among adolescents, there is not sufficient comprehensive analysis of the differences between perpetrators. This study aims to assess the psychosocial similarities and differences between bullies and cyberbullies. Data of 3650 students from two grades, K9 and K11 (47% females, mean age = 16.53), were used from a survey conducted in Poland in 2018 as part of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. Perpetration was measured by questions adapted from the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. The following predictors were analyzed: demographic, socioeconomic status measured with the Family Affluence Scale-III (FAS), and individual and social factors. Multiple binary logistic regression was applied. The random sampling design was based on stratification according to the local deprivation index of the region where the school was located. Male gender, younger age, and non-intact family were associated with a higher risk of bullying and cyberbullying. Family support, empathy, school performance, and school attachment had a protective effect against both aggressive behaviors. Life dissatisfaction and high FAS were revealed as determinants of cyberbullying and local deprivation of bullying only. Bullying and cyberbullying school prevention programs should take into account these psychosocial differences and consider the economic deprivation of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Malinowska-Cieślik
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College; 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Anna Dzielska
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Ścibor
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College; 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Mazur
- Department of Humanization in Medicine and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-729 Zielona Gora, Poland
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Fuentes MC, Garcia OF, Alcaide M, Garcia-Ros R, Garcia F. Analyzing when parental warmth but without parental strictness leads to more adolescent empathy and self-concept: Evidence from Spanish homes. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1060821. [PMID: 36544447 PMCID: PMC9760939 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1060821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Classical research mainly conducted with European-American families has identified the combination of warmth and strictness (authoritative style) as the parenting always associated with the highest scores on developmental outcomes. Additionally, despite the benefits of empathy for prosocial behaviors and protection against antisocial behaviors, most research has considered the contribution of specific practices (e.g., reasoning or power assertion), but not so much the parenting styles. Similarly, family studies tend to study the relationship between parenting and global self-perceptions (self-esteem), but not so much those of each dimension (self-concept). Methods In the present study, 600 Spanish adolescents from 12 to 17 years old (M = 15.25, SD = 2.01) were classified within one of the four household typologies (i.e., authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian, or neglectful). Adolescent developmental outcomes were cognitive empathy (adopting perspectives and emotional understanding), emotional empathy (empathic stress and empathic happiness), and self-concept (academic, social, emotional, family and physical). Results The results showed that the indulgent parenting (warmth but not strictness) was related to equal or even better empathy and self-concept than the authoritative style (warmth and strictness), whereas non-warm parenting (authoritarian and neglectful) was consistently associated with poor results. Discussion Overall, the present findings seriously question that parental strictness combined with parental warmth (authoritative style) is always the parenting style related to the greatest outcomes. By contrast, it seems that reasoning, warmth and involvement, without strictness (indulgent parenting) help adolescents to achieve a good orientation toward others in terms of cognitive and affective empathy and a good self-evaluation in terms of self-concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Fuentes
- Department of Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar F. Garcia
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain,*Correspondence: Oscar F. Garcia,
| | - Marta Alcaide
- Department of Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Garcia-Ros
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Garcia
- Department of Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Özdemir EZ, Bektaş M. Effects of parental attitude and proactive and reactive aggression on cyberbullying and victimization among secondary school students. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:830-839. [PMID: 34003493 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To predict the effect of parental attitude and proactive and reactive aggression on the cyberbully, cyber victims, and cyberbully/victim among students aged 9-14 years. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional, correlational, and predictive study. The sample included 360 students. Data were collected with the "Adolescence Information Form," "Parental Attitude Scale," "Proactive-Reactive Aggression Scale," and "Cyberbully/Victim Questionnaire." Logistic regression analysis was used. FINDINGS This study was determined that proactive-reactive aggression and parental attitude predicted 30.3% of cyberbully/victim cases. Proactive aggression and Internet usage time are essential predictors of cyberbullying cases. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS To protect and improve their children's health, children should be informed about cyberbullying, proactive-reactive aggression, and the duration of Internet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Z Özdemir
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Bektaş
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey
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Paleari FG, Celsi L, Galati D, Pivetti M. Gender Differences in the Associations Between Perceived Parenting Styles and Young Adults' Cyber Dating Abuse. Front Psychol 2022; 13:818607. [PMID: 35401302 PMCID: PMC8987230 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.818607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing literature indicates that parenting styles affect the development of cyber aggression in offspring differently, depending on the gender of children. The present study investigates whether mothers' and fathers' parenting styles show similar gender differences in their associations with a new form of dating violence, i.e., cyber dating abuse (CDA). The limited evidence on the issue focuses on the relation that each parenting style has with CDA perpetration, without considering CDA victimization and the joint effects of fathers' and mothers' parenting styles. The present study contributes to the research on gender differences in parenting by examining whether young adults' perceptions of maternal and paternal parenting styles during childhood were independently and/or jointly related to their perpetrated and suffered CDA and whether these relations differed across young adults' gender. In total, 351 young adults (50.7% men), age between 18 and 35 years and having a romantic relationship, completed online self-reports of the variables of interest that include a bidimensional measure of perpetrated/suffered CDA that assess aggression and control. Results showed that maternal authoritarian parenting was uniquely and positively associated to their children's perpetration and victimization of cyber dating control, whereas maternal permissive parenting was uniquely and positively related to their children's perpetration of cyber dating aggression and victimization of cyber dating control. For daughters, these associations were stronger when the father's style was similar to the mother's one or when a maternal authoritarian style combined with a paternal permissive style, thus indicating that the two parents' parenting styles interact in relating to their daughters' CDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Giorgia Paleari
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
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Pan W, Gao B, Long Y, Teng Y, Yue T. Effect of Caregivers' Parenting Styles on the Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Left-Behind Children: The Parallel Mediating Role of Self-Control. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312714. [PMID: 34886442 PMCID: PMC8657231 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Childhood is an important period of individual psychological development, and parents' company and parenting styles are highly significant to children's personality cultivation and mental health. With the advancement of China's modernization and urbanization, left-behind children without their parents' company have become a growing concern. Compared with children raised by their parents, left-behind children are more likely to show social maladaptation and mental health problems. This study explored the mediating effects of left-behind children's dual mode of self-control between caregivers' parenting styles and emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs). In this study, 469 left-behind children in senior classes of primary schools were investigated by adopting the caregivers' parenting styles questionnaire of left-behind children, the dual-mode of self-control scale and the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. This study found that (1) the protective and risk factors for caregivers' parenting styles not only directly affected EBP, but also affected it through the mediating effect of the dual-mode of self-control, and (2) the mediating effect of the impulsive system was significantly greater than that of the control system. This study confirmed that caregivers' parenting styles had an important impact on left-behind children's psychological growth: positive parenting styles not only directly reduced the risk of EBP, but also indirectly improved left-behind children's mental health by promoting their level of self-control; negative parenting styles directly increased the risk of EBP and indirectly affected left-behind children's mental problems by enhancing their level of impulsiveness. These findings provide an important basis for reducing the risk of mental health problems and cultivating good personality qualities of left-behind children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Pan
- Laboratory of Emotion and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (W.P.); (B.G.)
| | - Baixue Gao
- Laboratory of Emotion and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (W.P.); (B.G.)
| | - Yihong Long
- College of National Culture and Cognitive Science, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Yue Teng
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China;
| | - Tong Yue
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-023-6825-3629
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Barragán Martín AB, Molero Jurado MDM, Pérez-Fuentes MDC, Oropesa Ruiz NF, Martos Martínez Á, Simón Márquez MDM, Gázquez Linares JJ. Interpersonal Support, Emotional Intelligence and Family Function in Adolescence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5145. [PMID: 34066285 PMCID: PMC8152060 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During adolescence, although the peer group exerts a strong influence on how the individual thinks and feels and on personal social values, the family still exerts a sustaining and supporting role. This study analyzed the relationships established between family function, emotional intelligence and perceived interpersonal support in adolescence. METHOD The sample was made up of 1287 high school students aged 14 to 18 (M = 15.11; SD = 0.91) in the province of Almeria (Spain). RESULTS The results showed moderate correlations between the intrapersonal emotional intelligence dimension and perceived availability of support (advice or orientation), and between the mood dimension of emotional intelligence and the three interpersonal support dimensions (appraisal, belonging and tangible). In addition, significant positive correlations were found between family function and the intrapersonal and mood dimensions of emotional intelligence, with medium and large effect sizes, respectively. Apart from that, the data revealed that students who could count on a more functional family referred to high empathy and acceptance by others and greater support in material or financial matters, followed by those with moderate family function. In addition, students from homes with severely dysfunctional families perceived less available support. Finally, students who said they could count on strong family function also scored higher on the intrapersonal factor of emotional intelligence. CONCLUSIONS The implications of these findings for the development of emotional intelligence in early adolescence are discussed from the family context, considering the relationship between emotional intelligence and social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Barragán Martín
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.B.B.M.); (M.d.M.M.J.); (M.d.C.P.-F.); (N.F.O.R.); (M.d.M.S.M.); (J.J.G.L.)
| | - María del Mar Molero Jurado
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.B.B.M.); (M.d.M.M.J.); (M.d.C.P.-F.); (N.F.O.R.); (M.d.M.S.M.); (J.J.G.L.)
| | - María del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.B.B.M.); (M.d.M.M.J.); (M.d.C.P.-F.); (N.F.O.R.); (M.d.M.S.M.); (J.J.G.L.)
| | - Nieves Fátima Oropesa Ruiz
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.B.B.M.); (M.d.M.M.J.); (M.d.C.P.-F.); (N.F.O.R.); (M.d.M.S.M.); (J.J.G.L.)
| | - África Martos Martínez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.B.B.M.); (M.d.M.M.J.); (M.d.C.P.-F.); (N.F.O.R.); (M.d.M.S.M.); (J.J.G.L.)
| | - María del Mar Simón Márquez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.B.B.M.); (M.d.M.M.J.); (M.d.C.P.-F.); (N.F.O.R.); (M.d.M.S.M.); (J.J.G.L.)
| | - José Jesús Gázquez Linares
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.B.B.M.); (M.d.M.M.J.); (M.d.C.P.-F.); (N.F.O.R.); (M.d.M.S.M.); (J.J.G.L.)
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia 7500000, Chile
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Zhu C, Huang S, Evans R, Zhang W. Cyberbullying Among Adolescents and Children: A Comprehensive Review of the Global Situation, Risk Factors, and Preventive Measures. Front Public Health 2021; 9:634909. [PMID: 33791270 PMCID: PMC8006937 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.634909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cyberbullying is well-recognized as a severe public health issue which affects both adolescents and children. Most extant studies have focused on national and regional effects of cyberbullying, with few examining the global perspective of cyberbullying. This systematic review comprehensively examines the global situation, risk factors, and preventive measures taken worldwide to fight cyberbullying among adolescents and children. Methods: A systematic review of available literature was completed following PRISMA guidelines using the search themes "cyberbullying" and "adolescent or children"; the time frame was from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2019. Eight academic databases pertaining to public health, and communication and psychology were consulted, namely: Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Communication & Mass Media Complete, CINAHL, and PsycArticles. Additional records identified through other sources included the references of reviews and two websites, Cyberbullying Research Center and United Nations Children's Fund. A total of 63 studies out of 2070 were included in our final review focusing on cyberbullying prevalence and risk factors. Results: The prevalence rates of cyberbullying preparation ranged from 6.0 to 46.3%, while the rates of cyberbullying victimization ranged from 13.99 to 57.5%, based on 63 references. Verbal violence was the most common type of cyberbullying. Fourteen risk factors and three protective factors were revealed in this study. At the personal level, variables associated with cyberbullying including age, gender, online behavior, race, health condition, past experience of victimization, and impulsiveness were reviewed as risk factors. Likewise, at the situational level, parent-child relationship, interpersonal relationships, and geographical location were also reviewed in relation to cyberbullying. As for protective factors, empathy and emotional intelligence, parent-child relationship, and school climate were frequently mentioned. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of cyberbullying has increased significantly in the observed 5-year period, and it is imperative that researchers from low and middle income countries focus sufficient attention on cyberbullying of children and adolescents. Despite a lack of scientific intervention research on cyberbullying, the review also identified several promising strategies for its prevention from the perspectives of youths, parents and schools. More research on cyberbullying is needed, especially on the issue of cross-national cyberbullying. International cooperation, multi-pronged and systematic approaches are highly encouraged to deal with cyberbullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Zhu
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiqing Huang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Richard Evans
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Relationship between School Integration, Psychosocial Adjustment and Cyber-Aggression among Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010108. [PMID: 33375226 PMCID: PMC7795944 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between sociometric types in the classroom—rejected, preferred, neglected, controversial and average—and psychological discomfort, life satisfaction and cyber-aggression, based on the adolescent’s gender. 2398 adolescents of both sexes participated in the study (49.8% girls), aged between 12 and 18 years (M = 16.03, SD = 1.91). Multivariate analyses of variance were performed. The results showed significant relationships between sociometric types, life satisfaction and cyber-aggression. Rejected adolescents also showed less satisfaction with life and greater cyber-aggression. Furthermore, the boys, regardless of their sociometric type in the classroom, displayed less psychological distress and less involvement in cyber-aggression. Controversial adolescents also showed greater involvement in cyber-aggression. Finally, programs should be promoted for the prevention of social difficulties in the school, based on the promotion of social integration, not only in the classroom, but also on the Internet.
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Martinez I, Garcia F, Veiga F, Garcia OF, Rodrigues Y, Serra E. Parenting Styles, Internalization of Values and Self-Esteem: A Cross-Cultural Study in Spain, Portugal and Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2370. [PMID: 32244451 PMCID: PMC7177516 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study analyzes the impact of parenting styles on adolescents' self-esteem and internalization of social values in three countries, Spain, Portugal and Brazil. The sample of the study was comprised of 2091 adolescents from Spain (n = 793), Portugal (n = 675), and Brazil (n = 623) from 12-18 years old (52.1% females). The four types of parenting styles, authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian and neglectful, were measured through the warmth and strictness dimensions of the Scale of Parental Socialization ESPA29. The two criteria variables were captured with the five dimensions of the AF5, Five-Factor Self-Concept Questionnaire, and with self-transcendence and conservation Schwartz values. Results confirm emergent research in parenting socialization: the use of parental warmth is evidenced as key for adolescent self-esteem and internalization of social values in the three countries analyzed. Indulgent and authoritative parenting (both characterized by parental warmth) are associated with the highest value internalization in the three countries. Furthermore, indulgent parenting (use of warmth) is associated with the highest adolescent self-esteem, overcoming authoritative parenting (use of warmth and strictness). The influence of parenting over adolescent self-esteem and values internalization is maintained independent of the differences in self-esteem and value priorities observed in the cultural context, the sex and age of the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Martinez
- Department of Psychology—Social Psychology Area, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda de los Alfares 44, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Fernando Garcia
- Department of Methodology of the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Feliciano Veiga
- Instituto de Educação, Alameda da Universidade, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Oscar F. Garcia
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (O.F.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Yara Rodrigues
- Department of Education, Faculdade São Braz, Curitiba, Parana, 82520-590, Brazil;
| | - Emilia Serra
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (O.F.G.); (E.S.)
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