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Pi W, Qu C, Ding Y, Li X, Liu A, Li W, De Vivo B, Fortelli A, Qi S, Albanese S. Cross-media transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Naples metropolitan area, southern Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 941:173695. [PMID: 38834099 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
At present, an in-depth knowledge of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the multimedia system of the urban environment remains limited. Taking the Naples metropolitan area (NMA) for instance, we simulated the cross-media transfer of PAHs using a multimedia urban model, involving air, water, soil, sediment, vegetation, and impervious film. The results indicated that the predicted PAH values in 2015 match well with their corresponding in-situ monitoring data. The PAH emission inventory and the simulated mass in various media all showed a downward trend from 2015 to 2020 due to national energy conservation policies and Corona Virus Disease 2019. The simulated mass of PAHs in the soil and sediment phases was 896.8 and 232.7 kg in 2020, respectively, contributing together to 96.7% of PAHs in the NMA. And they were identified as the greatest sinks for PAHs, and exhibited the longest retention duration, with values of PAH persistence reaching approximately 548.8 - 2,0642.3 hours. The results of transfer fluxes indicated that local emissions and atmospheric advection were the primary routes affecting the distribution of PAHs. The sensitivity analysis indicated that atmospheric advection rate was the most critical parameter for air, soil, vegetation, and film, whereas water concentration and sediment degradation rate were vital for water and sediment, respectively. This study offered valuable insights into how human activity contributes to the status and fate of PAHs in the urban environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chengkai Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Xiaoshui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Benedetto De Vivo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China; Pegaso On-Line University, Naples 80132, Italy
| | - Alberto Fortelli
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Shihua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Stefano Albanese
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80125, Italy
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Rouhani A, Gusiatin MZ, Hejcman M. An overview of the impacts of coal mining and processing on soil: assessment, monitoring, and challenges in the Czech Republic. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:7459-7490. [PMID: 37501044 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Coal mining activities are causing an extensive range of environmental issues at both operating and abandoned mine sites. It is one of the most environmentally destructive practices, with the capability to eliminate fauna and flora, impact the groundwater system, and pollute the soil, air, and water. The Czech Republic relies almost exclusively on coal as its primary domestic source of energy. The combined reserves of hard and brown coals in this country are 705 million tons. About 50 million tons of coal is produced annually, making it the 14th biggest producer in the world. Soil degradation is an inevitable outcome of the coal production from surface coal mining procedures in the Czech Republic. Significant changes have taken place in soil productivity, hydraulic characteristics, horizon, and texture as a result of soil pollution, bioturbation, compaction, and weathering. The current review has evaluated the impact of reclamation and coal mining on soil characteristics, including biological, chemical, and physical properties. Additionally, the study has outlined the process of soil formation in reclamation areas in the Czech Republic. In nutshell, research gaps and future directions in understanding coal mining areas and their influences on soils in the Czech Republic are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmannan Rouhani
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environment, The University of Jan Evangelista in Ústí nad Labem (UJEP), Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic.
| | - Mariusz Z Gusiatin
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-720, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Michal Hejcman
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environment, The University of Jan Evangelista in Ústí nad Labem (UJEP), Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
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Vievard J, Alem A, Pantet A, Ahfir ND, Arellano-Sánchez MG, Devouge-Boyer C, Mignot M. Bio-Based Adsorption as Ecofriendly Method for Wastewater Decontamination: A Review. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050404. [PMID: 37235220 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Intense human activities have for years contributed to the pollution of the environment by many dangerous pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. There are many conventional methods used to control pollution, with practical and/or financial drawbacks. Therefore, in recent years, an innovative, easy-to-implement and inexpensive adsorption method has been developed to recover waste and clean up water from micropollutants. Firstly, this article aims to summarize the issues related to water remediation and to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the methods classically used to purify water. In particular, this review aims to provide a recent update of the bio-based adsorbents and their use. Differently from the majority of the reviews related to wastewater treatment, in this article several classes of pollutants are considered. Then, a discussion about the adsorption process and interactions involved is provided. Finally, perspectives are suggested about the future work to be done in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Vievard
- University Le Havre Normandie, UNIHAVRE, UMR 6294 CNRS, LOMC, 76600 Le Havre, France
- University Rouen Normandie, UNIROUEN, COBRA UMR CNRS 6014, INSA, Avenue de l'Université, 76800 Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray, France
| | - Abdellah Alem
- University Le Havre Normandie, UNIHAVRE, UMR 6294 CNRS, LOMC, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Anne Pantet
- University Le Havre Normandie, UNIHAVRE, UMR 6294 CNRS, LOMC, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Nasre-Dine Ahfir
- University Le Havre Normandie, UNIHAVRE, UMR 6294 CNRS, LOMC, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Mónica Gisel Arellano-Sánchez
- University Rouen Normandie, UNIROUEN, COBRA UMR CNRS 6014, INSA, Avenue de l'Université, 76800 Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray, France
| | - Christine Devouge-Boyer
- University Rouen Normandie, UNIROUEN, COBRA UMR CNRS 6014, INSA, Avenue de l'Université, 76800 Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray, France
| | - Mélanie Mignot
- University Rouen Normandie, UNIROUEN, COBRA UMR CNRS 6014, INSA, Avenue de l'Université, 76800 Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray, France
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Patowary K, Bhuyan T, Patowary R, Mohanta YK, Panda BP, Deka S, Islam NF, Joshi SJ, Sarma H. Soil treatment using a biosurfactant producing bacterial consortium in rice fields contaminated with oily sludge- a sustainable approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 220:115092. [PMID: 36587720 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A consortium of two biosurfactant-producing bacteria (Bacillus pumilus KS2 and Bacillus cereus R2) was developed to remediate petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated paddy soil. Soil samples from a heavily contaminated rice field near Assam's Lakwa oilfield were collected and placed in earthen pots for treatment. After each month of incubation, 50 g of soil from each earthen pot was collected, and the soil TPH (ppm) in each sample was determined. The extracted TPH samples were analysed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to confirm microbial degradation. The soil samples were examined for changes in pH, conductivity, total organic content (TOC), water holding capacity, and total nitrogen content in addition to TPH degradation. An increasing trend in TPH degradation was observed with each passing month. After six months of treatment, the sample with the lowest initial TPH concentration (1735 ppm) had the highest degradation (91.24%), while the soil with the highest amount of TPH (5780 ppm) had the lowest degradation (74.35%). A wide range of aliphatic hydrocarbons found in soil samples was degraded by the bacterial consortium. The soil samples contained eight different low- and high-molecular-weight PAHs. Some were fully mineralized, while others were significantly reduced. With the decrease in the TPH level in the polluted soil, a significant improvement in the soil's physicochemical qualities (such as pH, electrical conductivity, total organic content, and water-holding capacity) was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustuvmani Patowary
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), 9th Mile, Techno City, Baridua, Ri-Bhoi, 793101, Meghalaya, India; Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology (IASST), Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781 035, Assam, India
| | - Tamanna Bhuyan
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), 9th Mile, Techno City, Baridua, Ri-Bhoi, 793101, Meghalaya, India
| | - Rupshikha Patowary
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology (IASST), Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781 035, Assam, India
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), 9th Mile, Techno City, Baridua, Ri-Bhoi, 793101, Meghalaya, India
| | - Bibhu Prasad Panda
- Salim Ali Center for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore, 641108, India
| | - Suresh Deka
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology (IASST), Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781 035, Assam, India
| | - Nazim Forid Islam
- Institutional Biotech Hub (IBT Hub), Department of Botany, NN Saikia College, Titabar, 785630, Assam, India
| | - Sanket J Joshi
- Oil & Gas Research Center, Central Analytical and Applied Research Unit, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
| | - Hemen Sarma
- Bioremediation Technology Research Group, Department of Botany, Bodoland University, Rangalikhata, Deborgaon, 783370, Kokrajhar (BTR), Assam, India.
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PAHs Source Identification in Sediments and Surrounding Soils of Poyang Lake in China Using Non-Negative Matrix Factorization Analysis. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11060843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Identifying sources of soil and sediment PAHs and apportioning their contributions are key in building effective pollution abatement strategies, especially for Poyang Lake—the largest freshwater lake in China. PAHs were detected in all the monitored soil and sediment samples under three land use types, with the concentrations varying by area, ranging from moderate to relatively high. The order of PAHs content in different the land use types was as follows: industrial soil > grassland soil > agricultural soil. Although agricultural soil was dominated by LMW PAHs, industrial grassland soils were dominated by HMW PAHs. Based on factor analysis, non-negative matrix factorization analysis was effective in non-negative constrained skew rotation, especially for clear and interpretable source analysis of PAHs.
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Zheng S, Wang J, Zhuo Y, Yang D, Liu R. Spatial distribution model of DEHP contamination categories in soil based on Bi-LSTM and sparse sampling. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 229:113092. [PMID: 34922169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution is a serious threat to human life and development. Different remedial measures are applied to soils with different levels of contamination. The degree of soil contamination in different areas is generally evaluated and categorised based on the analysis of samples. Regional soil sampling sites are generally sparse because of the cost of sampling and other factors, which makes it difficult to accurately assess the extent of regional soil contamination. In this study, a spatial classification model was established for the Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) pollution level using a Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) neural network considering that the sampling information gradually diminishes with increasing distance between the sampling and prediction points. In this study, a method is proposed for the prediction of the spatial distribution of soil pollution categories based on sparse samples. We also established a model for the spatial distribution of organic pollution categories. The analysis of an actual contaminated area shows that the DEHP concentrations at different locations can be effectively predicted with the proposed method by categorising the contamination levels of specific DEHP samples. The results show that the method can be used to classify the degree of light/severe DEHP contamination. The results are in good agreement with the actual situation, verifying the validity of the method. This method is important for the rapid assessment of the spatial distribution of soil contamination levels based on sparse sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zheng
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098 China.
| | - Jinguo Wang
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098 China.
| | - Yue Zhuo
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098 China.
| | - Dong Yang
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098 China.
| | - Ruitong Liu
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098 China.
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Sun Z, Wang X, Liu C, Fang G, Chu L, Gu C, Gao J. Persistent Free Radicals from Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Compounds Enhance Cross-Coupling Reactions and Toxicity of Anthracene on Amorphous Silica Surfaces under Light. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:3716-3726. [PMID: 33635628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination has raised great environmental concerns, while the effects of low-molecular-weight organic compounds (LMWOCs) on PAH photodegradation at amorphous silica (AS)/air interfaces have been largely ignored. In this study, the phototransformation of anthracene (ANT) at amorphous silica (AS)/air interfaces was investigated with the addition of LMWOCs. ANT removal was attributed to •OH attacking and the energy transfer process via 3ANT*. Light irradiation induced the fractured ≡SiO• or ≡Si• generation on AS surfaces, which could react with absorbed H2O and O2 to generate •OH and further yield a series of hydroxylated products of ANT. The presence of citric acid and oxalic acid improved •OH generation and enhanced ANT removal by 1.0- and 2.2-fold, respectively. For comparison, the presence of catechol and hydroquinone significantly decreased ANT removal and produced coupling products. The results of density functional theory calculations suggest that persistent free radicals (PFRs) on AS surfaces from catechol or hydroquinone after •OH attacking prefer to cross-couple with ANT via C-C bonding rather than self-couple. Dianthrone and cross-coupling products might possess higher ecotoxicity, while hydroxylated products were less ecotoxic than their parent compounds based on Ecological Structure Activity Relationships (ECOSAR) estimation. The results of this study revealed the potential ecotoxicity of PAH-adsorbed particulates coexisting with LMWOCs and also provided a new insight into PAH transformation through PFR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinghao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Cun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guodong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Longgang Chu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
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Hanousková B, Száková J, Rychlíková E, Najmanová J, Košnář Z, Tlustoš P. The risk assessment of inorganic and organic pollutant levels in an urban area affected by intensive industry. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:68. [PMID: 33462650 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The city of Litvínov (North Bohemia, Czech Republic) is seriously affected by coal mining, coal processing, and intensive industrial activities. Within the urban area, the potential environmental hazard of risk elements (in soil and vegetation) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, in soils) was estimated using selected environmental and human health hazard indices. In total, 24 sites were sampled, including the city center, residential areas, industrialized zone, and areas close to operating and/or abandoned coal mines. The results showed elevated values of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in soils (the maximum levels of individual pollution indices varied between 3 and 5 for As, Pb, and Zn); the risk assessment code (RAC) values indicated high bioaccessibility of Cd and Zn. The high mobility of Cd was confirmed by their bioaccumulation factors (BAF) in the aboveground biomass of Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia and Polygonum aviculare, reaching up to 1.9 and 2.9, respectively. The Cd content in plants presents a substantial health hazard for herbivores such as Oryctolagus cuniculus living within the urban area. The PAH levels in the soils also showed elevated values; the contents of benzo(a)pyrene exceeded more than 2-fold the indicative values for potential health risk for biota, especially near the abandoned coal mines. The incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCR) for ingestion of the contaminated soil showed only low or negligible cancerogenic risk, varying between 6.7 × 10-7 and 1.6 × 10-5 for children, and between 9.9 × 10-7 and 2.7 × 10-6 for adults. However, the potential health impact of the inhalation of the contaminated particulate matter should be included in the further research. Although the contamination level in the investigated area does not represent an imminent environmental and health risk, the potential remediation measures should be considered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Hanousková
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Száková
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Rychlíková
- Public Health Institute in Usti nad Labem, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Najmanová
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Košnář
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Tlustoš
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Mapping the Finer-Scale Carcinogenic Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Urban Soil-A Case Study of Shenzhen City, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186735. [PMID: 32947814 PMCID: PMC7559718 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The high-precision mapping of urban health risk is a difficult problem due to the high heterogeneity of the urban environment. In this paper, the spatial distribution characteristics of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) content in the urban soil of Shenzhen City were analyzed through a field investigation. We propose an approach for improving the accuracy and spatial resolution of PAH carcinogenic risk assessment by integrating the pollutant distribution and Location Based Service (LBS) data. The results showed that the concentration of PAHs in the high-density urban area was 271.67 ng g−1, which was 27.2% higher than that in the green area. Although the average carcinogenic risk of PAHs in the surface soil of Shenzhen city was less than 10−6, the maximum carcinogenic risk at some sample sites exceeded 10−6, which indicates a potential health risk. The LBS data were effective for high-precision mapping of the population distribution. According to the combination relationship between the risk threshold of pollutants and the population density, four types of risk zones were proposed. Among them, 6.9% of the areas had a high-risk and high population density and 15.8% of the areas were high-risk with a low population density. These two kinds of zones were the critical areas for controlling risk. The fine-scale risk mapping approach for determining the carcinogenic risk of soil PAHs integrating pollutant distribution and location based service data was demonstrated to be a useful tool for explicit spatial risk management. This tool could provide spatial insights and decision support for urban health-risk management and pollution prevention.
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