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Pui Ying LP, Hoi Wan FE, Tung Megan CY, Ming LC, McGrath CP, Kar Yung YC. Psychological behavioral therapies to improve autistic children's behaviors during dental visits: A systematic review and meta-analysis. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024:13623613241255302. [PMID: 38859552 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241255302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT This research review looked at how well different psychological behavioral therapies help improve the behavior of autistic children during dental visits. The researchers studied 18 different studies and found that, on average, about 56% of autistic children were able to cooperate with a dental exam using an oral mirror during their first visit. The number increased to about 64% during their second visit. However, using visual pedagogies or teaching aids did not seem to make a big difference in how many children could accept the dental exams. The results for other psychological behavioral techniques were also inconsistent, including Treatment and Education of Autistic and related Communication-handicapped CHildren, Picture Exchange Communication System, Applied Behavior Analysis, video modeling, and distractions. Many of the studies were small and did not include a comparison group. They also did not consider factors like how severe the autism was, other conditions the children had, or their previous dental experiences. Because of these limitations, the evidence supporting the use of psychological behavioral techniques to improve dental visits for autistic children is limited and uncertain. More research with larger studies and proper control groups is needed to better understand this topic.
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Sun IG, Chu CH, Lo ECM, Duangthip D. Global prevalence of early childhood dental fear and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2024; 142:104841. [PMID: 38246307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to determine the global prevalence of dental fear and anxiety (DFA) in early childhood and identify its related factors. METHODS The systematic review utilized three common English-language databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science). Two independent researchers performed a systematic search to include observational studies on young children published from 2000 to 2023. They extracted information on prevalence of DFA, assessment tools used, study sites, respondents, and children's dental visit experiences. RESULTS A total of 2,895 studies were identified, and 25 studies met the inclusion criteria for analysis. The pooled prevalence of DFA among 2- to 6- year-old children was estimated to be 30 % (95 % CI=25, 36). Children without dental visit experience (OR=1.37, 95 % CI=1.18, 1.59) and children with caries experiences (OR=1.18, 95 % CI=1.09, 1.27) had higher odds of experiencing DFA compared to those with dental visit experience or caries-free status. The most commonly used assessment tools in the included studies were the Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale (32 %, 8/25), Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (20 %, 5/25), and Dental Anxiety Question (20 %, 5/25). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review reveals that approximately one-third of young children globally experience DFA. Children who lack dental visit experience or have caries experiences are at increased risk of DFA. Clinicians can use this information to make informed decisions regarding dental care provision for young children. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides comprehensive information on the global prevalence of dental fear and anxiety and its associated factors in early childhood. The findings can assist clinicians in understanding and addressing DFA in their dental care approach for young children. REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42023446464).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Guofang Sun
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Duangporn Duangthip
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Almarzouq SSFS, Chua H, Yiu CKY, Lam PPY. Effectiveness of Nonpharmacological Behavioural Interventions in Managing Dental Fear and Anxiety among Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:537. [PMID: 38470648 PMCID: PMC10931341 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-pharmacological behavioural interventions (NPBIs) have been employed by dentists to alleviate dental fear and anxiety (DFA) among preschool and school children. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of different NPBIs in reducing DFA among children aged below 12. METHOD A comprehensive search was conducted using four electronic databases to identify randomised controlled trials that assess the effectiveness of NPBIs among preschool and school children. Two reviewers independently screened and selected the relevant studies, evaluated the risk of bias, and extracted relevant data for qualitative and quantitative syntheses. RESULT A total of 66 articles were included in the study. Except during more invasive dental procedures, the use of distraction techniques was found to result in significantly lower self-rated anxiety, better cooperation, and lower pulse rate compared to the tell-show-do method. However, inconsistent results were reported regarding the efficacy of virtual reality, modelling, visual pedagogies, tell-show-do and other NPBIs in reducing DFA among children. CONCLUSIONS The studies exhibited substantial heterogeneity due to varying age groups, methods of implementing NPBIs, dental treatments performed, and measurement scales employed in the evaluation of DFA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helene Chua
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Cynthia K. Y. Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (C.K.Y.Y.)
| | - Phoebe P. Y. Lam
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (C.K.Y.Y.)
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Shinkre R, Dukle S, Mukherji I, Bharadwaj A, Naik R, Suresh NV, Pednekar SJ, Eshwar S, K SB. Behavioral Patterns Toward Preventive Dental Care at School Dental Camps: An Observational Study in Bengaluru. Cureus 2024; 16:e54294. [PMID: 38496086 PMCID: PMC10944627 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dental behavior management problems of children towards preventive dental care at school dental camps in India remain largely undocumented. This study aimed to assess such behavior patterns in preschool and school-age children at a school dental health camp. Materials and methods The cross-sectional study included 462 children, with 261 children each in the preschool (three to five years old) and school (six to 12 years old) age groups in Bengaluru. On the school dental camp day, their behavior and anxiety were gauged using the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale and the Raghavendra, Madhuri, and Sujata Pictorial Scale, respectively. The Chi-square test was used to uncover predictive variables for children's behavior patterns toward preventive dental procedures at the dental school camps. Results A high prevalence of definitely negative Frankl Behavior Rating Scale ratings (59%, n=272) and dental anxiety (53%, n=245) were noted among the participants. Age, sex, the area of residence of the child, and the previous history of dental visits and treatment were predictors of their behavior at a school dental camp setup. Conclusion The present study gives an insight into the behavior of children towards preventive dental care at a school dental camp in a mobile dental van, stressing the need for behavior assessment before the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Shinkre
- Central Research Wing, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Siya Dukle
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, IND
| | - Ishan Mukherji
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, IND
| | - Aarya Bharadwaj
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Rashmi Naik
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, IND
| | - Nikhil V Suresh
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, IND
| | | | - Shruthi Eshwar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Srivastava B K
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, IND
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Zheng FM, Yan IG, Duangthip D, Lo ECM, Gao SS, Chu CH. Caries Prevention Using Silver Diamine Fluoride: A 12-Month Clinical Trial. Int Dent J 2023; 73:667-673. [PMID: 36682908 PMCID: PMC10509425 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This clinical trial aimed to compare the caries-preventive effect of annual application of 38% silver diamine fluoride solution (SDF) with 5% sodium fluoride varnish (FV) to the anterior primary teeth of children. The hypothesis was that SDF was superior to FV at 1 year. Secondary objectives were to determine the child's cooperation and the parent's satisfaction and assess adverse effects. METHOD We recruited 688 3- to 4-year-old children and randomly allocated them to receive SDF or FV (positive control) on their 6 upper anterior teeth. Tooth-surface status was recorded using the decayed, missing, and filled surfaces index. A trained observer rated the child's cooperation as "totally cooperative" or "not totally cooperative." We used a questionnaire to determine the parent's satisfaction as "satisfied," "neutral," or "dissatisfied." Adverse effects (yes/no) were evaluated 1 day and about 1 year after treatment. RESULTS Of the children, 434 (SDF, n = 209; FV, n = 225) completed the trial. The mean new decayed tooth surfaces developed for SDF and FV groups were 0.4 ± 1.5 and 0.4 ± 1.3, respectively (P = .65). Child's cooperation for SDF and FV therapy was 71% (244/344) and 70% (241/344), respectively (P = .89). Parent's satisfaction for SDF and FV therapy was 71% (148/209) and 69% (155/225), respectively (P = .29). Adverse effects were found neither at 1 day nor at about 1 year after treatment for either treatment arm. CONCLUSIONS SDF is not superior to FV for caries prevention in primary upper anterior teeth at 1-year follow-up. Child's cooperation and parent's satisfaction were similarly high with SDF and FV therapy at 1-year follow-up. Neither short-term nor long-term adverse effects were observed. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04399369).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iliana Gehui Yan
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | - Sherry Shiqian Gao
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Zheng FM, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Outreach Service Using Silver Diamine Fluoride to Arrest Early Childhood Caries. Int Dent J 2023; 73:598-602. [PMID: 37612156 PMCID: PMC10509413 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.07.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) is prevalent and affects more than half of 5-year-old children in Hong Kong. This study aims to report the development of an outreach dental service using silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to arrest ECC amongst kindergarten children in Hong Kong. A pilot outreach service was initiated in 2008 in 14 kindergartens. The pilot service provided screening to 1,749 3- to 5-year-old children. SDF was applied to 3,262 carious teeth of 786 children with parental consent. No significant complications were reported. The pilot service's success allowed the service to expand to 100 kindergartens in 2013. From 2010 to 2019, the service delivered 161,354 dental screenings and SDF therapy on 218,333 carious primary teeth in 53,821 children. ECC prevalence amongst the participating children declined from 43% in 2010 to 34% in 2019. A follow-up of 222 3-year-old children revealed that annual SDF therapy arrested 67% of ECC over 3 years. The children's participation rate and their parents' satisfaction rate with the service were greater than 90% each year. Moreover, the acceptance rate of SDF therapy to control ECC was 88%, although SDF stained carious lesions black. No adverse effects of SDF therapy were reported. A cross-sectional survey on a sample of 498 3- to 5-year-old children showed that 96% of the participating children had no dental fear or anxiety in this service, with encouragement and support from their peers and teachers. In 2019, the service was made available to all 1,024 kindergartens in Hong Kong. This kindergarten outreach dental service (Case Study HKU/04/003) was selected as an Impact Case Study in the thematic report "Health & Healthcare" by the Hong Kong University Grant Council (UGC). The UGC publishes thematic reports to give members of the public some concrete idea on what contributions academic research has brought to the society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Candan M, Kutlu E, Yilmaz Karaman İG. Predictors of Parental Acceptance towards Contemporary Behavior Management Techniques Used in Pediatric Dentistry: A Preliminary Study on Turkish Population. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1592. [PMID: 37892255 PMCID: PMC10605559 DOI: 10.3390/children10101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents, who make the final decision regarding their child's treatment, play a significant role in their dental care. Parental approval is important for each stage of treatment and may affect the physician's approach to the treatment. Therefore, it is essential for pediatric dentists to comprehend which behavior management techniques (BMTs) are acceptable to parents and to identify the factors that influence their acceptability. METHODS Parents who were bringing their children for dental treatment answered a survey on the acceptance of twenty contemporary BMTs. The sociodemographic data of the parents and the age, gender, and Frankl behavior rating scale (Frankl) scores of their children were recorded. Parents were asked to indicate their level of acceptance of each BMT. Binary logistic regression analysis was designed to see the predictors of "accepted" and "declined" answers. RESULTS According to acceptance frequencies, the most accepted technique was communication and communicative guidance. The most declined technique was parental absence. The child's age, gender, Frankl score, parental educational status, and parent type predict the acceptability of some BMTs. CONCLUSION This study revealed that pediatric dentists must consider parent and child factors when selecting BMTs for children. We believe that this study can provide a basis for determining which factors pediatric dentists should consider when selecting individualized BMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Candan
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir 26040, Turkey
| | - Elifcan Kutlu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir 26040, Turkey
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Kvesić AJ, Hrelja M, Lovrić Ž, Šimunović L, Špiljak B, Supina N, Vranić L, Vranić DN. Possible Risk Factors for Dental Fear and Anxiety in Children Who Suffered Traumatic Dental Injury. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:190. [PMID: 37623286 PMCID: PMC10453853 DOI: 10.3390/dj11080190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children who undergo painful experiences such as traumatic dental injury (TDI) during their early years are more likely to be at an increased risk of developing dental fear and anxiety (DFA). The purpose of this study was to identify potential risk factors for DFA of these children. METHODS The study participants were 220 parents/caregivers and their children who experienced TDI. Their socio-demographic backgrounds were investigated with the modified WHO Oral Health Questionnaire for Children that included questions about parents' knowledge and attitudes, while the DFA level was determined using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) and the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S Index) was used to assess oral hygiene status. RESULTS The confirmed risk factors are parental knowledge, female gender, and degree of oral hygiene and pain in the last three months, while age, type of TDI, presence of soft-tissue injury, and number of subjective complaints were not confirmed. The overall model predicted approximately 54% of variance in DFA, R2 = 0.545, F (4.215) = 64.28 p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS These findings emphasise the importance of addressing pain management, improving oral hygiene, and enhancing parental knowledge to mitigate DFA in children with TDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miroslav Hrelja
- Private Dental Office, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.J.K.); (M.H.); (Ž.L.)
| | - Željka Lovrić
- Private Dental Office, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.J.K.); (M.H.); (Ž.L.)
| | - Luka Šimunović
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bruno Špiljak
- School of Dental Medicine Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Nika Supina
- School of Dental Medicine Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Lara Vranić
- School of Dental Medicine Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Dubravka Negovetić Vranić
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Chiu HHC, Lam PPY, Yiu CKY. The Impact of Minimal Intervention Dentistry on Patient-Reported and Observation-Based Outcomes in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2241. [PMID: 37628440 PMCID: PMC10454713 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11162241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to systematically investigate the effect of minimal intervention dentistry on patient-reported and observation-based outcomes of anxiety, pain and patient cooperation in the pediatric population. Microinvasive treatments (MITs) were compared to conventional treatments, home-based and professionally applied non-invasive treatments (NITs), and between MITs. Two reviewers independently screened studies from four electronic databases, extracted data, assessed the risk of bias and certainty of evidence with the GRADE approach. Ultimately, 26 studies were included for qualitative synthesis, with the data from 12 studies being incorporated into the meta-analysis. No statistically significantly differences in terms of anxiety were noted between MITs and conventional treatments, or between MITs from the meta-analyses. The treatment durations of MITs were not necessarily shorter than conventional treatments but varied with the use of local anesthesia, behavioral and clinical approach, and other confounding factors. The certainties of evidence were deemed low due to high risk of bias of the included studies. NITs evoked less anxiety and pain compared to MITs. Minimal intervention dentistry is an alternative treatment to manage dental caries among children and does not arouse different levels of dental anxiety and pain compared to other treatment modalities. However, further well-designed studies are required to draw an evidence-based conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cynthia Kar Yung Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; (H.H.C.C.); (P.P.Y.L.)
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Sun IG, Chai HH, Lo ECM, Chu CH, Duangthip D. Dental Fear and Anxiety of Chinese Preschool Children in a School-Based Outreach Service Using Silver Diamine Fluoride for Caries Control: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4467. [PMID: 36901476 PMCID: PMC10001995 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Limited data are available regarding the patient-based outcomes of SDF therapy in the kindergarten setting. This study aims to evaluate the dental fear and anxiety (DFA) of preschool children after participating in a school-based outreach service using SDF to arrest early childhood caries (ECC). The study recruited 3- to 5-year-old children with untreated ECC. A trained dentist performed a dental examination and applied SDF therapy to the carious lesions. ECC experience was measured using the dmft index. Questionnaires for parents were used to collect the children's demographic information and their dental treatment experiences. The children's DFA before and immediately after SDF therapy was assessed using the self-reported Facial Image Scale (FIS) on a Likert scale of 1 (very happy) to 5 (very distressed). The association between the children's DFA after SDF therapy and the potentially related factors, including demographic background, caries experience, and DFA before SDF therapy, were analysed using bivariate analysis. Three hundred and forty children (187 boys, 55%) joined this study. Their mean (SD) age and dmft scores were 4.8 (0.9) and 4.6 (3.6), respectively. Most of them (269/340, 79%) never had a dental visit. After SDF therapy, 86% (294/340) of the children exhibited no or low DFA (FIS ≤ 3), whereas 14% (46/340) reported high DFA (FIS > 3). No factor was associated with children's DFA after SDF therapy (p > 0.05). This study showed most preschool children with ECC exhibited no or low DFA after SDF therapy in a school setting.
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Management of fear and anxiety in dental treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Odontology 2023; 111:20-32. [PMID: 35536282 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review was to compare the effects of interventions for the management of fear and anxiety for dental treatments. METHODS This research project was applied to PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science, Cochrane library databases. The last search was run on March 31st, 2021. A list of references of relevant articles and previous reviews were checked. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 20 eligible randomized controlled trials were included, and 969 participations in experimental group and 892 participations in the control group were involved. Anxiety levels decreased more in intervention groups than in control groups (Z = 3.47, P = 0.0005, SMD = - 0.62, 95% CI - 0.98 to - 0.27). For adults, there was statistical difference between experimental and control groups [Z = 2.14, P = 0.03, 95% CI - 0.54 (- 1.03, - 0.04)], while there was not no such statistical difference in children and adolescents [Z = 1.62, P = 0.11, 95% CI - 0.60 (- 1.32, 0.13)]. Patients experienced a significant decrease in anxiety level using sedation drugs [Z = 2.44, P = 0.01, 95% CI - 0.61 (- 1.10, - 0.12)] and audio-visual distractions [Z = 3.1, P = 0.002, 95% CI - 0.86 (- 1.40, - 0.32)]. For the informative intervention groups, patients did not show significant difference than control groups [Z = 1.22, P = 0.22, 95% CI - 0.55 (- 1.43, 0. 33)]. There was no statistical difference in vital signs [Z = 1.39, P = 0.16, 95% CI - 0.25 (- 0.61, 0.10)] and pain levels [Z = 0.69, P = 0.49; SMD = - 0.06, 95% CI (0.27, 0.11)] between intervention and control groups. CONCLUSIONS Interventions should be used in managing anxiety and fear for dental treatment. It might be effective for anxiety alleviating for adults, but there was a low certainty of evidence that interventions could reduce anxiety level in children and adolescents. Sedation drugs and audio-visual distractions might be useful for managing dental fear and anxiety. Pain levels and vital signs could not be improved form our study. High-quality randomized clinical trials are required for further study.
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Chai HH, Kiuchi S, Osaka K, Aida J, Chu CH, Gao S(S. Knowledge, Practices and Attitudes towards Silver Diamine Fluoride Therapy among Dentists in Japan: A Mixed Methods Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148705. [PMID: 35886557 PMCID: PMC9319621 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In 2021, the World Health Organization included silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as an essential medicine to manage caries in adults and children. SDF was developed in the 1960s, but its use for children became unpopular in Japan because of the decline and low prevalence of early childhood caries. This mixed methods study explored the knowledge, practices and attitudes towards SDF therapy among dentists promoting fluoride use in Japan. It also investigated senior dentists’ perceptions of SDF therapy in Japan. The quantitative study invited all 173 members of the largest organisation promoting fluoride use in Japan to complete a web-based questionnaire survey. Sixty (60/173; 35%) dentists promoting fluoride use in Japan completed the questionnaire survey. All dentists knew of SDF treatment, and 50 (50/60; 83%) used SDF for dental care. Fifty-nine dentists (59/60; 98%) agreed that SDF therapy was simple and quick. All 60 dentists agreed that SDF was effective to arrest caries; 51 dentists (51/60; 85%) agreed that SDF was effective to prevent caries. Most dentists (51/60; 85%) were concerned about SDF’s unaesthetic staining. Fifty-seven dentists (57/60; 95%) used SDF to arrest primary posterior teeth, and 52 dentists (52/60; 87%) used SDF to arrest root caries. However, 25 dentists (25/60; 42%) did not use SDF to prevent caries in permanent teeth. The qualitative study interviewed 12 senior dentists using snowball sampling and achieved data saturation. The dentists opined that SDF therapy was effective, simple, painless, non-invasive and inexpensive. SDF is seldom used in Japan at present because of the unaesthetic black staining and the low prevalence of early childhood caries; however, it can regain popularity by arresting root caries in the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollis Haotian Chai
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Sakura Kiuchi
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; (S.K.); (K.O.); (J.A.)
| | - Ken Osaka
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; (S.K.); (K.O.); (J.A.)
| | - Jun Aida
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; (S.K.); (K.O.); (J.A.)
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Shiqian (Sherry) Gao
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
- Correspondence:
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Dai L, Wu T, Hu Y, Li S, Liu W. Does the Efficacy of Behavior Management Techniques Differ Between Children From Single-Child and Multi-Child Families?: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:840483. [PMID: 35321197 PMCID: PMC8936677 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.840483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Behavior management techniques (BMTs) efficiently deliver dental treatment to children with dental anxiety. The objective of this quasi-experimental study was to examine whether the efficacy of BMTs applied for the improvement of compliance in pediatric patients differs between children 3–10-year-olds from single-child and multi-child families. Materials and Methods In this quasi-experimental, 197 caregiver-child couples were divided into two groups: single-child group (116 couples) and multi-child group (81 couples). Children's pre- and post-treatment anxiety levels were measured by facial mood scale (FMS) and Frankl Behavior Rating Scale (FBRS), respectively. Caregivers' dental anxiety was measured by the Chinese version of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), which was included in the self-designed questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney U-test, chi-square tests, and binary multivariate regression analysis. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the demographic characteristics of the children between the two groups. BMTs were found to be capable of reducing children's dental anxiety (CDA): the compliance rate was 45.69–88.79% in the single-child group and 44.44–85.79% in the multi-child group pre- and post-BMTs, but there was no significant difference in the change of compliance between the two groups (p > 0.05). In the subgroup analysis, parenting style (odds ratio [OR] = 0.054, p < 0.05) and father's education (OR = 8.19, p < 0.05) affected the varies of children's compliance in the single-child group. In contrast, in the multi-child group, gender (OR = 8.004, p < 0.05) and mother's occupation (OR = 0.017, p < 0.05) were associated with these changes in compliance. Conclusions In this study, BMTs were proved to be beneficial in improving compliance in 3- to 10-year-olds children in dental treatment. Though there was no significant difference in the change of compliance between children from single-child and multi-child families, different associated factors may affect the two groups. Therefore, the related family factors should be taken into account when professionals manage each child's behavior in dental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Dai
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yun Hu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Shunyi Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Reasearch Center for Public Health Security, College of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Weiwei Liu ;
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Singh S, Acharya S, Bhat M, Chakravarthy PK, Kariya P. Psycho-social correlates of dental anxiety and its association with caries experience in 12-16-year-old school going children in Southern India. ADVANCES IN HUMAN BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_85_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental anxiety remains widespread among children, may continue into adulthood and affect their oral health-related quality of life and clinical management. The aim of the study was to explore the trend of children's dental anxiety over time and potential risk factors. DESIGN Longitudinal study. METHODS Children aged between 5 and 12 years were investigated with the Chinese version of face version of Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) and Frankl Behavior Rating scale from 2008 to 2017, and influential factors were explored. RESULTS Clinical data were available from 1061 children, including 533 (50.2%) male participants and 528 (49.8%) female participants. The total CFSS-DS scores ranged from 16 to 66, with a mean of 24.8±10.3. The prevalence of dental anxiety is 11.59%. No significant differences in total CFSS-DS scores between girls and boys were found. According to the Frankl scale, 238 children were allocated to the uncooperative group and the remaining 823 children were allocated to the cooperative group. Scores of CFSS-DS were negatively correlated with the clinical behaviour level of Frankl. Children aged 11-12 years old had significantly decreased scores compared with other age groups, and there was a decline in the scores of the group aged 8-10 years old over time. The factor analysis divided 15 items of CFSS-DS into four factors, and the total scores of 'less invasive oral procedures' items belonging to factor III decreased significantly over time in the group aged 8-10 years old. CONCLUSIONS Age is a significant determinant for children's dental anxiety, and dental anxiety outcomes have improved for Chinese children aged 8-10 years. This study is one of the few reports on changes of children's dental anxiety in a new era of information, but the results may be extrapolated to other populations with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Gao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxuan Lu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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