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Walzik D, Belen S, Wilisch K, Kupjetz M, Kirschke S, Esser T, Joisten N, Schenk A, Proschinger S, Zimmer P. Impact of exercise on markers of B cell-related immunity: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:339-352. [PMID: 37832643 PMCID: PMC11116964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B cells represent a crucial component of adaptive immunity that ensures long-term protection from infection by generating pathogen-specific immunoglobulins. Exercise alters B cell counts and immunoglobulin levels, but evidence-based conclusions on potential benefits for adaptive immunity are lacking. This systematic review assessed current literatures on the impact of acute exercise and exercise training on B cells, immunoglobulins, and markers of secretory immunity in human biofluids. METHODS According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase were searched on March 8, 2023. Non-randomized controlled trials and crossover trials investigating the impact of acute exercise or exercise training on B cell counts and proportions, immunoglobulin levels, salivary flow rate, or secretory immunoglobulin A secretion rate were included. Quality and reporting of exercise training studies were assessed using the Tool for the Assessment of Study Quality and reporting in Exercise. Study characteristics, outcome measures, and statistically significant changes were summarized tabularly. RESULTS Of the 67 eligible studies, 22 applied acute exercise and 45 applied exercise training. All included outcomes revealed significant alterations over time in acute exercise and exercise training context, but only a few investigations showed significant differences compared to control conditions. Secretory and plasma immunoglobulin A levels were most consistently increased in response to exercise training. CONCLUSION B cell-related outcomes are altered by acute exercise and exercise training, but evidence-based conclusions cannot be drawn with high confidence due to the large heterogeneity in populations and exercise modalities. Well-designed trials with large sample sizes are needed to clarify how exercise shapes B cell-related immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Walzik
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Sergen Belen
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Karen Wilisch
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Marie Kupjetz
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Silvana Kirschke
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Tobias Esser
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Niklas Joisten
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Alexander Schenk
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Sebastian Proschinger
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund 44227, Germany.
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Roberge C, Meunier S. Development and Initial Validation of a Questionnaire Measuring Self-management Strategies that Promote Psychological Health at Work. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2024; 34:238-250. [PMID: 37584756 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-023-10131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-management strategies have been identified as a promising avenue to promote mental health and functioning at work. However, the absence of a validated questionnaire to assess the use of strategies that can be adopted in the workplace has limited empirical research on this topic. This study seeks to develop and validate a questionnaire measuring mental health self-management strategies used by workers to promote their mental health and functioning at work: the Workplace Mental Health Self-Management Questionnaire (WMHSQ). METHODS An initial list of 72 self-management strategies was generated from the content of 25 interviews conducted with workers experiencing depressive or anxiety symptoms. Content experts on mental health at work identified the 47 most relevant items. To validate the WMHSQ, 365 workers completed the WMHSQ and criterion-related measures (depressive and anxiety symptoms, work functioning, self-management and coping). Two weeks later, 235 participants completed the WMHSQ once again. RESULTS Principal component analysis revealed a four-factor solution composed of 21 self-management strategies: Managing Thoughts and Emotions, Managing Recovery, Managing Relationships and Managing Tasks. The WMHSQ shows adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Correlational analyses support convergent and concurrent validity. LIMITATIONS Since this is an initial psychometric validation of the WMHSQ, only an exploratory factor analysis was performed. It will therefore be important to validate the structure of this new psychometric tool through confirmatory factor analysis in a subsequent study. CONCLUSIONS The strategies identified in the WMHSQ can form the basis for developing practical tools and interventions to promote mental health self-management at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Roberge
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, 100 Sherbrooke West, Montreal, H2X 3P2, Canada.
| | - Sophie Meunier
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, 100 Sherbrooke West, Montreal, H2X 3P2, Canada
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Yun M, Beehr T. Eating versus sleeping: Lunchtime meals and naps relation to afternoon creativity at work. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:1319-1335. [PMID: 36788127 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Based on the Conservation of Resources theory, we develop dual mechanisms by which lunchtime recovery activities predict creativity. Specifically, by conceptualizing the quality of lunchtime naps and meals as examples of recovery activities, we expect these recovery activities help individuals replenish their psychological resources in the form of more work engagement (affective process) and less cognitive depletion (cognitive process). Further, individuals are expected to utilize these available psychological resources to generate creative ideas. To test our model, we used a group-mean centering approach to focus on within-person effects by recruiting 230 employees working at construction sites in South Korea. Overall, after removing 242 invalid observations (omitting at least two items and not reporting the duration of a nap), we finalized a total of two-wave 1598 daily questionnaires. A high quality of lunchtime naps and meals helps individuals recover their emotional resources (more work engagement) and cognitive resources (less cognitive depletion), which predict individuals' creativity. Finally, although indirect effects of the two recovery activities on creativity via affective and cognitive processes were generally supported, the indirect effect of lunch nap quality on creativity via work engagement was not significant, suggesting most of the effect is due to meal quality rather than nap quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansik Yun
- Department of Psychology & Counseling, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, New Jersey, USA
| | - Terry Beehr
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA
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Sun J, Sarfraz M, Asghar M. The Nexus Between Ethical Leadership and Employees' Perception of Workplace Safety During COVID-19 Under Mediation and Moderation Model. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2023; 16:1815-1837. [PMID: 37719686 PMCID: PMC10505034 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s426295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Workplace safety is a crucial aspect of employee well-being and organizational success, with ethical leadership playing a key role in shaping employees' perceptions of safety. Today, the underlying mechanisms through which ethical leadership influences workplace safety perception remain underexplored, especially in the Pakistan healthcare industry. Based on the social cognitive theory, this study aims to investigate the relationship between ethical leadership and workplace safety perception and examine the mediating role of media quality, communication climate, and supervisory communication and the moderating role of moral attentiveness. Methods An empirical survey method was used to conduct the quantitative study, with respondents representing nursing staff from hospitals in Pakistan. Data was collected using an online questionnaire during COVID-19, and Smart PLS was used to analyze the data. Results The study demonstrated that ethical leadership positively and significantly affects workplace safety perception. Media quality, communication climate, and supervisory communication mediate between ethical leadership and workplace safety perception. Moral attentiveness moderates the relationship between ethical leadership and workplace safety perception. Conclusion Ethical leadership is an essential tool that improves media quality, communication climate, supervisory communication, and moral attentiveness. The article presents a novel approach to examining the relationship between ethical leadership and workers' safety perceptions under the influence of mediating and moderating variables. By better understanding these dynamics, the study contributes to developing organizational strategies to improve workplace safety and overall employee well-being. In addition, it is a pioneering study exploring ethical leadership's role in influencing workers' perceptions of safety. Overall, the study is a great initiative that fosters the ethical concepts of individuals, thus achieving health protection and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Sun
- School of Management, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muddassar Sarfraz
- School of Management, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Asghar
- Business School, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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Yan W, Jiang Z, Zhang P, Liu G, Peng K. Mindfulness Practice versus Physical Exercise in Enhancing Vitality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2537. [PMID: 36767929 PMCID: PMC9916355 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vitality is important for subjective well-being and performance, which makes strategies for its enhancement an important research issue. While prior research showed that mindfulness practice and physical exercise are both effective at enhancing vitality, no study has compared their efficacy. This study aimed to address this issue. Seventy-one Chinese adults participated in the study and were randomized to one of the intervention groups, i.e., mindfulness practice or physical exercise. The mindfulness practice group completed guided mindfulness trainings, while the physical exercise group completed self-chosen aerobic trainings for seven days. The levels of vitality and its four factors at three time points (baseline, post-intervention, 7-day follow-up) were measured and compared. Compared with physical exercise, mindfulness practice showed stronger effects in enhancing vitality and maintaining the improvements. The findings suggest that guided mindfulness practice is more effective than self-chosen aerobic physical exercise at enhancing vitality and maintaining its improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Stanford Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhongxin Jiang
- Applied Psychology Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518712, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guanmin Liu
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Kaiping Peng
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Scharf C, Tilp M. Twelve Weeks of Web-Based Low to Moderate Physical Activity Breaks with Coordinative Exercises at the Workplace Increase Motor Skills but Not Motor Abilities in Office Workers-A Randomised Controlled Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2193. [PMID: 36767561 PMCID: PMC9915999 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Integrating physical activity interventions at the workplace can have positive effects on the employees' health. This study aimed to evaluate a physical activity break with coordinative exercises (PAB) including juggling and balance tasks and to assess its effects on motor abilities. Thirty-two university employees were randomly allocated to an intervention (IG:20) or a control (CG:12) group. The IG participated two times per week for 12 weeks in a PAB with a duration of 15 to 20 min. We measured the unimanual, bimanual finger, and hand dexterity with the Purdue Pegboard Test, the reaction time with the Fall Stick Test, and the dynamic balance with the Y Balance Test. Juggling performance was assessed by measuring the time(s) of performing a three-ball-cascade. Furthermore, an evaluation of the PAB was executed. Participants in the IG improved their juggling performance after six and twelve weeks. These increases were significantly different compared to the CG. However, no other parameters changed significantly. The evaluation showed that the PAB was enjoyable and led to subjective improvements in the participants health and working routine. To conclude, PAB can lead to improvements in juggling performance, subjective health, and the working routine.
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Riedl EM, Müller A, Perzl J, Thomas J. Live-streaming Activity and Relaxation Breaks: a (Home-)Office-Compatible Approach to Promote Break Recovery, Mood, and Attention? OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 7:1-25. [PMID: 36686037 PMCID: PMC9834677 DOI: 10.1007/s41542-022-00141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate whether short, live-streaming activity and relaxation lunch breaks have positive associations with office workers' mood (calmness, valence, and energetic arousal), back pain, and attention after break and whether these associations are mediated by better break recovery. Additionally, we considered the two respite interventions as resources possibly buffering the effects of elevated situational job demands. Ten-minute break exercises were conducted during lunch breaks via Zoom live-stream, and data on those days were compared with data on days on which participants spent their breaks as usual. Our sample of 34 office workers provided data for 277 work days (209 in the home office and 68 on site at the company). Multilevel path models revealed positive total associations of both respite interventions with the mood dimension of calmness. Activity breaks additionally showed a positive association with the energetic arousal dimension of mood, while relaxation breaks were positively related to objectively measured cognitive performance. Interestingly, activity breaks moderated the relationships of job demands with calmness and valence, indicating their function as a stress-buffering resource. There were no significant associations between the two respite interventions and back pain. Supplemented by participants' feedback, the findings of this study suggest that offering short virtually guided break exercises may represent a feasible and office-compatible approach to promote break recovery, mood and functionality at work, especially regarding home-office work. Possible advantages and disadvantages of the live-streaming format are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Maria Riedl
- Department of Psychological Assessment and Intervention, Faculty of Philosophy and Education, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Ostenstraße 25, 85072 Eichstätt, Deutschland
| | - Annabel Müller
- Department of Psychological Assessment and Intervention, Faculty of Philosophy and Education, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Ostenstraße 25, 85072 Eichstätt, Deutschland
| | - Johanna Perzl
- Department of Psychological Assessment and Intervention, Faculty of Philosophy and Education, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Ostenstraße 25, 85072 Eichstätt, Deutschland
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Thomas
- Department of Psychological Assessment and Intervention, Faculty of Philosophy and Education, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Ostenstraße 25, 85072 Eichstätt, Deutschland
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Das S. Comment on 'Meditation as a psychosocial intervention: Need of the hour'. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:468. [PMID: 33719648 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211001104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Das
- Psychiatry Registrar, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Baup Y, Vignal B, Bodet G. Sport and physical activity participation in the workplace: the role of employees' self-perception. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-03-2021-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeDespite preventive efforts from some companies to offer some sport and physical activity (SPA) to their employees, French participation rates remain very low, which limit impacts in terms of health and economic benefits. The aim of this study was to better understand the factors influencing SPA participation in the workplace.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study was conducted based on an electronic questionnaire survey disseminated to 24 companies based in France that offered SPA to their employees. An independent sample t-test was conducted to explore the differences between the most common facilitating and constraining factors, in relation to “being a sporty person” self-perception, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) level and demographic information. Predictors of SPA in the workplace were determined using a binomial logistic regression.FindingsA total of 1,318 employees completed the survey, of which 60% were women, mostly highly educated and white collar. “Being a sporty person,” self-perception has been a predictor of SPA participation in the workplace.Practical implicationsMore multicomponent work-based interventions, including incidental physical activity, might be necessary to increase participation and overcome time constraint.Originality/valueAlthough SPA participation in the workplace is considered to promote numerous positive organizational and individual consequences, this is the first study to assess the associations between facilitating and constraining factors of SPA participation in the workplace setting and physical self-perception.
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Latorre F, Pérez-Nebra AR, Queiroga F, Alcover CM. How Do Teleworkers and Organizations Manage the COVID-19 Crisis in Brazil? The Role of Flexibility I-Deals and Work Recovery in Maintaining Sustainable Well-Being at Work. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12522. [PMID: 34886247 PMCID: PMC8657203 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the economic market and labor contexts worldwide. Brazil has suffered one of the worst social and governmental managements of the COVID-19 crisis, forcing workers and organizations to develop coping strategies. This environment can affect both well-being and performance at work. Sustainable well-being at work refers to different patterns of relationships between performance and well-being. It may include eudaimonic (e.g., Meaning of Work-MOW) or hedonic (e.g., emotions) forms of well-being. This study tests the moderating role of recovery from work stress in the relationship between flexibility i-deals and patterns of sustainable well-being at work in Brazilian teleworkers. We relied on two studies to achieve this objective. In Study 1, conducted during the pandemic's first outbreak in Brazil (N = 386), recovery experiences moderated the relationship between i-deals and clusters formed by performance and MOW (eudaimonic happiness). In Study 2, conducted during the second outbreak (N = 281), we identified relationships between clusters of emotions (hedonic happiness) and MOW (eudaimonic) with performance. The results supported the idea that recovery experiences moderated the relationship between i-deals and patterns of sustainable well-being at work differently. Our findings have implications for Human Resource Management and teleworkers, especially for employee behaviors to deal with stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felisa Latorre
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. Atenas s/n, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (F.L.); (C.-M.A.)
| | - Amalia Raquel Pérez-Nebra
- Department of Management, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Internacional de Valencia, 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Fabiana Queiroga
- Department of Psychology, Université Côte D’Azur, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice, France;
| | - Carlos-María Alcover
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. Atenas s/n, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (F.L.); (C.-M.A.)
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