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Bai R, Liu J, Gao Y, Wang Y, Liu X. Influence of stress on self-injury among Chinese left-behind adolescents is not cast in stone: Synergistic roles of family protective factors. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 154:106948. [PMID: 39032354 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left-behind adolescents are vulnerable to stressful life events and often engage in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), which is a growing public concern in China. However, little is known about the synergistic protective effect of family resources on the relationship between stressful life events and NSSI in these adolescents. OBJECTIVE Based on theories of family socialization and resilience, the aim of this study was to examine the synergistic protective role of maternal knowledge and mother-child cohesion in buffering the effect of stressful life events on NSSI in father-absent left-behind adolescents. METHODS This study used two-wave longitudinal data. The analytical sample included 673 adolescents (Mage = 13.47 ± 1.11 years, 48 % male) who were enlisted from 4 junior high schools in rural China. Respondents completed questionnaires on stressful life events, parental knowledge, parent-child cohesion, and NSSI at two-time points. RESULTS The effects of stressful life events on NSSI were significant in father-absent left-behind adolescents. Additionally, maternal knowledge moderated the associations between stressful life events and NSSI in father-absent left-behind adolescents. Moreover, maternal knowledge and mother-child cohesion were found to play synergistic protective roles in the relationship between stressful life events and NSSI. In father-absent left-behind adolescents, only high maternal knowledge and high-quality mother-child cohesion could eliminate the negative effect of stressful life events on NSSI. CONCLUSION The findings underscore the synergistic protective roles of maternal knowledge and mother-child cohesion in buffering the negative effect of stressful life events on NSSI in father-absent left-behind adolescents. Both maternal knowledge and mother-child cohesion should be considered in interventions aimed at reducing NSSI in these adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Bai
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinmeng Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yemiao Gao
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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Boyd DT, Gale A, Quinn CR, Mueller-Williams AC, Jones KV, Williams E, Lateef HA. Do We Belong? Examining the Associations Between Adolescents' Perceptions of School Belonging, Teacher Discrimination, Peer Prejudice and Suicide. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:1454-1464. [PMID: 37184811 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In the USA, suicide is a leading cause of death for adolescents ages 12 to 18 (National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2019). Given the urgency of this public health crisis, this paper aims to explore the impact of a sense of school belonging and teacher-based discrimination and peer-based prejudice on suicidal ideation and attempts among Black youth. This secondary analysis used a sample of Black youth (N = 4229; Mage = 16) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescents to Adult Health data. Independent variables included a sense of school belonging, school-based teacher discrimination, and school-based peer prejudice; the dependent variable was suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The results of multinomial regression analyses revealed that as Black adolescents' sense of school belonging decreased, they were 35% more likely to be at risk for suicidal ideation and attempts. Findings from our study support the assertion that the school microsystem plays a substantial role in modifying the risk of suicidal behavior among Black youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donte T Boyd
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Adrian Gale
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Camille R Quinn
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amelia C Mueller-Williams
- Luskin School of Public Affairs, Department of Social Welfare, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristian V Jones
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edee Williams
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Husain A Lateef
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Martin F, Ferrey A, Hobbs L, Lascelles K, van Even S, Oliver T. Understanding the impact of children's and young people's self-harm on parental well-being: a systematic literature review of qualitative and quantitative findings. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2024. [PMID: 38362819 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-harm in children and young people is increasing. Parents are vital in supporting young people; however, parents may experience distress linked to the self-harm. Previous reviews have highlighted the emotional impact and need for information and support, however, have not elucidated the relationships between these themes, nor examined the quantitative data examining parents' well-being. METHODS We conducted a mixed methods review, with qualitative meta-synthesis focusing on links between themes and quantitative synthesis of parental well-being findings, including pooled means. PsycInfo, Medline, EMBASE, AMED, CINHAL and Web of Science were searched to identify relevant records. References of included studies were also searched. Every abstract was screened by two authors. Data were extracted by one author and checked by another. RESULTS We identified 39 reports of 32 studies: 16 with qualitative data and 17 with quantitative data (one had both). Qualitative findings showed how parents' emotions were associated to their knowledge and beliefs about self-harm. Parents' emotions often evidenced the need to self-care, but emotions of guilt reduced engagement in self-care. How parents supported their young person was linked to their knowledge, and the management of their own emotions, and influenced if they could engage in self-care. Quantitative findings were mixed, however suggested poor general mental health amongst these parents. CONCLUSIONS Further good quality quantitative studies are needed, with measurement of psychological mechanisms that may underpin parental distress. Current evidence supports peer-support and interventions that go beyond information provision to address the connected factors of knowledge, emotion, self-care, and parenting behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Martin
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anne Ferrey
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura Hobbs
- School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Thomas Oliver
- School of Social Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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Qin Y, Wu D, Liu J, Peng J, Li C. Perspectives of parents of adolescents with repeated non-suicidal self-injury on sharing their caretaking experiences with peers: a qualitative study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1237436. [PMID: 38148747 PMCID: PMC10750419 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1237436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents has increased over the years. Most parents, however, are poorly informed and confused about this behavior. Sharing caretaking experiences with parents in similar situations seems to be beneficial. Nevertheless, few researchers have explored the views of parents who share their caretaking experiences with peers. Aim This study aimed to investigate the perspectives of parents of adolescents with repeated non-suicidal self-injury on sharing their caretaking experiences with peers as well as the motivations for and barriers to this behavior. Methods This qualitative study adopted a purposive sampling method. Participants (16 mothers and 2 fathers) were recruited from the mental health center of a tertiary hospital in Chengdu, Sichuan, China. A total of 18 semistructured face-to-face individual interviews were conducted. All interviews were audio-recorded and analyzed thematically using NVivo 11. Results Three themes and nine subthemes were identified: (1) sharable caretaking experiences: reflection and transformation, self-emotional management, and diversified support; (2) motivations for sharing: empathy, reciprocity, and meaning; and (3) barriers to sharing: inadequate knowledge, low self-identity, and concerns for children. Conclusion Parents accumulate a wealth of experience during their long-term care of adolescents with repeated non-suicidal self-injury. Although most parents are willing to share their caretaking experiences with peers, there are several barriers. Therefore, in order to increase parents' motivation to share, psychological education is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qin
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Department of Nursing, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- School of Nursing, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianyan Peng
- Department of Nursing, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunya Li
- Department of Nursing, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Branjerdporn G, Erlich F, Ponraj K, McCosker LK, Woerwag-Mehta S. What Is Helpful and What Is Challenging for the Caregivers of Young People Receiving Interventions to Prevent Suicide? Caregivers' Perspectives-A Rapid Scoping Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1801. [PMID: 38002892 PMCID: PMC10670828 DOI: 10.3390/children10111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death among young people. Preventing suicide in young people is a priority. Caregivers play a vital role in ensuring interventions for young people experiencing suicide ideation and/or attempts are implemented, and that they are maintained over time. Despite this, little is known about what caregivers find helpful and challenging in relation to suicide prevention interventions. This rapid scoping review is the first to address this gap. (2) Methods: Searches were completed on six electronic databases using keywords relating to 'suicide prevention, 'young people', and 'caregivers'. Ten studies-using both qualitative and quantitative methods, and involving >1400 carers from the United States and Europe-were selected for inclusion. (3) Results: The review shows that caregivers value interventions that are delivered by non-judgmental clinicians, that are suitable to the particular needs of their child, that are available when needed, and that support their confidence and communication. Caregivers experience difficulties with interventions that require their attendance at specific times, and that fail to recognize and/or address their own mental health needs. (4) Conclusions: The findings can be used to inform and improve the intervention design, with the aim of improving outcomes for caregivers and young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Branjerdporn
- Mental Health and Specialist Services, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia; (L.K.M.); (S.W.-M.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4226, Australia; (F.E.); (K.P.)
| | - Ferrell Erlich
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4226, Australia; (F.E.); (K.P.)
| | - Karthikeyan Ponraj
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4226, Australia; (F.E.); (K.P.)
| | - Laura K. McCosker
- Mental Health and Specialist Services, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia; (L.K.M.); (S.W.-M.)
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Sabine Woerwag-Mehta
- Mental Health and Specialist Services, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia; (L.K.M.); (S.W.-M.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4226, Australia; (F.E.); (K.P.)
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French Á, Gaynor K, Nearchou F, Raftery S, O'Dwyer B, Hennessy E. Parents' Information Needs in Relation to Adolescent Self-Harm: Perspectives of Parents and Professionals. Arch Suicide Res 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37950673 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2279524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Discovering that an adolescent is self-harming is extremely distressing for parents and this distress can be compounded by lack of easily accessible and well targeted information on what they can do to help. Some research has even suggested that parental distress can be an obstacle to seeking professional help. This paper describes two studies that sought to identify the information needs of parents in the immediacy of discovering self-harm and in ongoing efforts to support their child. METHOD Study 1: on-line survey of 128 parents who had experienced their child's self-harm; study 2: two-round Delphi method with 29 professionals who provide therapeutic interventions to adolescents who self-harm. The primary aim of both studies was to elicit views on parents' information needs in relation to supporting adolescents who self-harm. RESULTS There was a high level of agreement between parents and professionals on the needs for information on topics such as: communication, psychoeducation, managing emotional responses, parenting strategies and interventions. The professionals also emphasized the need for parents to practice self-care and the value of teaching alternative coping strategies to adolescents. Parents placed greater emphasis than professionals on the need for information on future therapeutic needs. CONCLUSION Despite the agreement between parents and professionals on most of the information needed, there were sufficient differences in emphasis to confirm the importance of consulting with both groups. The findings can be used to develop information sources that are specifically tailored to the needs of parents at all stages of adolescent self-harm.
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Lantto R, Lindkvist RM, Jungert T, Westling S, Landgren K. Receiving a gift and feeling robbed: a phenomenological study on parents' experiences of Brief Admissions for teenagers who self-harm at risk for suicide. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:127. [PMID: 37941021 PMCID: PMC10633972 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brief Admission by self-referral is a preventive intervention here intended for individuals who recurrently self-harm and have a history of contact with emergency psychiatric services. Individuals with access to Brief Admission are empowered to self-admit to inpatient care for up to three days per stay and are encouraged to do so before experiencing crisis. Brief Admission was implemented relatively recently in child and adolescent psychiatric settings in Sweden. The purpose of this study was to phenomenologically explore the lived experience of parents whose teenagers, who recurrently self-harm and experience suicidal thoughts, use Brief Admissions. METHODS This is a qualitative study using phenomenological psychological analysis. We interviewed 17 parents who had experienced their teenagers using Brief Admissions. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and analyzed to arrive at the essential meaning structure of the phenomenon of Brief Admissions for the parent. RESULTS We identified two essential meaning structures of the parent's experience of their teenager's use of Brief Admissions: being gifted relief and hope or being robbed of everything you believed in. The experience of Brief Admissions as a gift was structured by the following constituents: 'a sense of safety and containment', 'liberation from a hostage situation', 'a return to wellbeing', and 'catalysts for relational shifts'. In contrast, the constituents of the experience of being robbed included 'a tug of war for control', 'an unworthy wasteland', 'abandonment and collapse of authority', and 'no sense of purpose and plan'. CONCLUSIONS Brief Admissions may come across as challenging, futile and painful in the life of the parent, yet they may also support a process of recovery and healthy development for the entire family. To realize the full potential of the intervention, mental health professionals providing Brief Admission must be mindful of the challenges the parent may face as their teenager starts self-admitting, tactfully and sensitively preparing the parent for a new parental role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reid Lantto
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Rose-Marie Lindkvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jungert
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sofie Westling
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kajsa Landgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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8
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Miettinen TM, Kaunonen M, Kylmä J, Rissanen ML, Aho AL. Experiences of Help from the Perspective of Parents Whose Adolescent Is Harming Themselves or Has Died by Suicide. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2023; 44:1083-1095. [PMID: 37801715 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2023.2258211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent self-harm or suicide are emotionally difficult for parents, thus also parents need help. This qualitative descriptive study aimed to produce knowledge on the experiences of help received by Finnish parents (n = 23) whose adolescent is harming themselves or has died by suicide. The parents received diverse help for themselves, and for their self-harming adolescent or the deceased adolescent's sibling. Parents described negative experiences, but also factors that promoted their experience of help. There are many barriers to help related to the parents themselves, the adolescent, or to the social support system. Professional help should be easier to obtain and be based on the parents' individual expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marja Kaunonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Hospital Services, General Administration, Finland
| | - Jari Kylmä
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Rissanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Health Care, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Anna Liisa Aho
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Xia Q, Zhang Y, Huang X. Psychological well-being and associated factors among parents of adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1253321. [PMID: 37743977 PMCID: PMC10513026 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1253321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) impacts not only adolescents who engage in it but also their parents. However, there has been limited research into the psychological well-being of these parents. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the symptoms of anxiety and depression among parents of adolescents who engaged in NSSI in China and the factors associated with them. Methods A total of 400 parents of adolescents with NSSI were included. Socio-demographic information of these parents was collected. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used to assess symptoms of anxiety, depression, and psychological resilience, respectively. Results The majority of the parents were female (83.5%), married (86.3%), and had a senior high school or equivalent and lower education level (67.1%). The study found that 35.3% of the parents experienced clinically significant symptoms of anxiety (GAD-7 ≥ 7) and 40.1% had clinically significant symptoms of depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 7). Parents with larger ages and lower levels of psychological resilience were more likely to experience symptoms of anxiety and depression (p < 0.05). Parents who reported bad parent-child relationships showed a higher level of anxiety. Conclusion This study provides important insights into the symptoms of anxiety and depression among parents of adolescents with NSSI. Parental age, parent-child relationship, and psychological resilience were associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression in these parents. Implications for the development of interventions aimed at addressing symptoms of anxiety and depression in parents of adolescents with NSSI were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xuehua Huang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Rheinberger D, Shand F, McGillivray L, McCallum S, Boydell K. Parents of Adolescents Who Experience Suicidal Phenomena-A Scoping Review of Their Experience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6227. [PMID: 37444075 PMCID: PMC10340647 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
High prevalence rates of self-harm and suicide in adolescence provide unique challenges for parents. The aim of this scoping review was to explore key gaps in our understanding of the current scientific literature on the experience of parents who have adolescent children experiencing suicide crisis or self-harm. Four academic databases were searched using three broad concepts: self-harming behaviour or suicidal crisis; adolescents or young people; and the experiences or behaviour of parents, between journal inception and March 2022. Information reporting on the parents' experience was extracted and a qualitative synthesis was conducted. Twenty-two articles met inclusion criteria and were assessed in detail. The experience of parents with an adolescent engaged in self-harm or suicidal crisis were classified into three temporal themes: discovery of the suicidal phenomena, management of suicidal phenomena, and after the suicidal phenomena had ceased. Parents caring for an adolescent experiencing self-harm or suicidal crisis experience poorer psychological wellbeing, difficulty accessing support services, and changes in the parent-child relationship. Parents desire greater support for both themselves and their child and further investigation is required to understand specifically which supports would be most appropriate at each stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demee Rheinberger
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (F.S.); (L.M.); (K.B.)
- Tyree Foundation Institute of Health Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Fiona Shand
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (F.S.); (L.M.); (K.B.)
| | - Lauren McGillivray
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (F.S.); (L.M.); (K.B.)
| | - Sonia McCallum
- Centre for Mental Health Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia;
| | - Katherine Boydell
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (F.S.); (L.M.); (K.B.)
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Zhao YL, Liu ZH, Li YY, Liu DL, Yi JN. The lived experiences of parents providing care to young people who self-harm: A meta-aggregative synthesis of qualitative studies. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2023; 32:402-419. [PMID: 36408959 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Self-harm, which affects the whole family system, is an international public health concern. Empirical evidence supports the efficacy of interventions incorporating a family/parent training component for self-injurious thoughts and behaviours, and a quantitative synthesis of these empirical studies has been undertaken and updated. A qualitative synthesis of the experiences of parents whose child self-harms remains limited. This report aimed to systematically review qualitative research about the experiences, preferences, and expectations of parents whose children self-harmed. A comprehensive search was conducted across ten databases and four grey literature sources, along with the manual search of reference lists and relevant websites. Study screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal were all performed by two independent researchers. Twenty-four articles, two of which were mixed-methods studies, were included and analysed using a meta-aggregation approach. Five synthesized findings were identified: initial negative reactions to the discovery of their child's self-harm, the ongoing impact of self-harm on parents and the wider family, parents' various coping strategies, parents' negative experiences with mental health professionals expectations, and the lack of and need for psychoeducational resources. Our review finds that parents express keen interest in engaging with the treatment process, and our results support family-based therapy. However, with the overwhelming emotions most parents experience, clinicians should approach them with sensitivity, empathy and finesse. Psychoeducational self-help resources should also be made readily available to parents who are reluctant to seek help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Zhao
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Liu
- Psychotherapy Department, Zhengzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Hematology Department, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong-Ling Liu
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing-Na Yi
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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12
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Zhao Y, D Dela Rosa R, Zhang Q, Zhao W, Xu H, Wang R, Ma L. Lived experiences of parents providing care to young people who self-harm: a protocol for a meta-aggregative synthesis of qualitative studie. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e065489. [PMID: 36038177 PMCID: PMC9438063 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The self-harm of young people can cause tremendous distress to their parents/carers and impair parents' ability to provide care. At the same time, parents play an essential role in supporting their child during the management and treatment of self-harm. The synthesis of evidence about parental experiences and needs can inform mental health practice and the development of interventions to provide better care to young people who self-harm and their parents. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A comprehensive search will be conducted across several information sources, including multiple electronic databases (eg, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and SinoMed), grey literature, the websites of specific organisations and hand-searched reference lists of all the relevant studies. Qualitative studies published in English or Chinese and focusing on the lived experiences of parents whose child self-harms will be included. Two reviewers will independently screen all the retrieved articles according to the flow diagram proposed by PRISMA (the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Two independent reviewers will then appraise the methodological quality of all the included articles using the JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) critical appraisal checklist for qualitative research. The meta-aggregation approach will be used to synthesise the findings of the included qualitative studies, and the level of confidence in the synthesised findings will be assessed using the Confidence in the Qualitative synthesised finding approach. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No additional ethical clearance is required since this review is a secondary analysis of published primary studies. The findings will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and conference presentations. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021265525.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhao
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | | | - Qiushi Zhang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ling Ma
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Mughal F, Troya MI, Dikomitis L, Tierney S, Corp N, Evans N, Townsend E, Chew-Graham CA. The experiences and needs of supporting individuals of young people who self-harm: A systematic review and thematic synthesis. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 48:101437. [PMID: 35783485 PMCID: PMC9249546 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Self-harm in young people is a serious international health concern that impacts on those providing informal support: the supporting individuals of young people. We aimed to highlight the experiences, views, and needs of these supporting individuals of young people. We conducted a systematic review and thematic synthesis: PROSPERO CRD42020168527. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, ASSIA, and Web of Science were searched from inception to 6 May 2020 with citation tracking of eligible studies done on 1 Oct 2021. Primary outcomes were experiences, perspectives, and needs of parents, carers, or other family members of young people aged 12-25. Searches found 6167 citations, of which 22 papers were included in synthesis. Supporting individuals seek an explanation for and were personally affected by self-harm in young people. It is important that these individuals are themselves supported, especially as they negotiate new identities when handling self-harm in young people, as they attempt to offer support. The GRADE-CERQual confidence in findings is moderate. Recommendations informed by the synthesis findings are made for the future development of interventions. Clinicians and health service providers who manage self-harm in young people should incorporate these identified unmet needs of supporting individuals in a holistic approach to self-harm care. Future research must co-produce and evaluate interventions for supporting individuals. FUNDING FM was supported by a NIHR School for Primary Care Research GP Career Progression Fellowship (SCPR-157 2020-20) to undertake this review and is now funded by a NIHR Doctoral Fellowship (NIHR300957). CCG is part-funded by the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West Midlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Mughal
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author.
| | | | - Lisa Dikomitis
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Tierney
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Corp
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Evans
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen Townsend
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Townsend ML, Miller CE, Matthews EL, Grenyer BFS. Parental Response Style to Adolescent Self-Harm: Psychological, Social and Functional Impacts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413407. [PMID: 34949017 PMCID: PMC8703416 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent self-harm is a significant public health issue. We aimed to understand how parent stress response styles to their child's self-harm affects their wellbeing and functioning and the wider family. Thirty-seven participants in Australia (parents; 92% female) completed a mixed methods survey regarding their adolescent child's self-harm. We conducted Pearson zero-order correlations and independent t-tests to examine the impact of parent response style on their quality of life, health satisfaction, daily functioning, and mental health. We also used thematic analysis to identify patterns of meaning in the data. Two-thirds of participants reported mental ill health and reduced functional capacity due to their adolescent's self-harm. Parents with a more adaptive response style to stress had better mental health. Qualitative analyses revealed parents experienced sustained feelings of distress and fear, which resulted in behavioural reactions including hypervigilance and parental mental health symptoms. In the wider family there was a change in dynamics and parents reported both functional and social impacts. There is a need to develop psychological support for the adolescent affected and parents, to support more adaptive response styles, and decrease the negative effects and facilitate the wellbeing of the family unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Townsend
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (C.E.M.); (E.L.M.); (B.F.S.G.)
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Caitlin E. Miller
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (C.E.M.); (E.L.M.); (B.F.S.G.)
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Emily L. Matthews
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (C.E.M.); (E.L.M.); (B.F.S.G.)
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Brin F. S. Grenyer
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (C.E.M.); (E.L.M.); (B.F.S.G.)
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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The "Let's Talk!" Conference: A Culture-Specific Community Intervention for Asian and Asian American Student Mental Health. Community Ment Health J 2021; 57:1001-1009. [PMID: 33006701 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Asian and Asian American students face culture-specific mental health risk factors, and the current study aims to examine whether a culture-specific community intervention in the form of a conference is an effective modality for psychoeducation in the Asian American community. Participants were assessed for reported changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behavior intentions related to mental health after attending the conference. A total of 118 conference participants filled out the survey. Participants reported changes in knowledge regarding mental health issues, generational differences, and the effects of culture. Participants also reported having a more open attitude towards mental health, having greater acceptance of mental health issues in themselves and others, and realizing that mental health issues are a community issue. Lastly, participants reported changes in behavior intentions such as communicating more with friends and family, engaging in perspective-taking, participating in advocacy and activism on mental health issues, and taking care of themselves and others.
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Krysinska K, Andriessen K, Ozols I, Reifels L, Robinson J, Pirkis J. Effectiveness of Psychosocial Interventions for Family Members and Other Informal Support Persons of Individuals Who Have Made a Suicide Attempt. CRISIS 2021; 43:245-260. [PMID: 33944608 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Individuals recovering from a suicide attempt may benefit from support provided by informal carers, that is, family members and other support persons, who may require support themselves. Aims: This systematic review aims to identify and synthesize available literature on the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for this carer population. Method: A search of peer-reviewed literature in five databases was carried out. Studies using any design were eligible and results were synthesized using a narrative review. Results: Eight articles reporting on seven quantitative studies met the eligibility criteria. This included three studies on interventions designed specifically for informal carers and four studies on interventions designed for persons who have made a suicide attempt, and which involved their informal carers. Overall, informal carers were satisfied with support and psychosocial interventions they received. Interventions were related to some improvements in carers' mental health outcomes, lowered burden, and improved ability to provide care. There were mixed results regarding family functioning and quality of life. Limitations: No studies from lower- and middle-income countries were identified and the small number of heterogeneous studies precluded conducting a meta-analysis. Conclusion: Given the low number of studies and their overall poor quality, this review can only draw preliminary conclusions. More high-quality intervention studies are needed to formulate recommendations for effective psychosocial support for family members and other informal support persons after a suicide attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Krysinska
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Karl Andriessen
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ingrid Ozols
- Mental Health at Work, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lennart Reifels
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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"It Changes Your Orbit": The Impact of Suicide and Traumatic Death on Adolescents as Experienced by Adolescents and Parents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249356. [PMID: 33327577 PMCID: PMC7765017 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Having someone close die through suicide or another form of traumatic death is a distressing event in the lives of adolescents, putting them at risk of grief and mental health ramifications. As most research in this field has been focused on intrapersonal grief reactions, this study aimed to broaden the perspective by exploring the impact of the death through an interpersonal lens. METHODS The study involved individual and group interviews with bereaved adolescents (n = 20) and parents of bereaved adolescents (n = 18), and thematic analysis of the data. RESULTS The analysis yielded three themes: (i) the death is a life-changing experience, (ii) the death differentiates you from your peers, and (iii) the death impacts on the family system. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed the devastating impact of the deaths on adolescents, their relationships with peers and the family system. Adolescents' grief must be understood within the context of their agency and their immediate social environment. The findings clearly indicate that support for bereaved adolescents should incorporate the familial context.
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