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Yen YK, Huang GW, Shanmugam R. Laser-scribing graphene-based electrochemical biosensing devices for simultaneous detection of multiple cancer biomarkers. Talanta 2024; 266:125096. [PMID: 37651909 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a graphene electrochemical sensor based on laser graphene polymer material was proposed to induce graphene formation on polyimide substrates via fiber laser. The laser produces stable power and results to achieve the benefits of consistency, conductivity, and flexibility. The electrochemical three-electrodes were manufactured on polyimide to replace the traditional three-electrodes by achieving small size and portability. An electrode activation is the modification of laser-scribed graphene electrodes (LSG) to facilitate the binding of liver cancer sites. The evaluation is performed by differential pulse Voltammetry (DPV) to detect cancer proteins in the phosphate buffer saline (PBS) buffer and serum. In a serum environment, the concentrations of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were detected from 0.75 ng ml-1 to 100 ng ml-1, AFP and CEA electrodes have a good linear range (R2 = 0.96 and R2 = 0.98), indicating the sensor's sensitivity and specificity for cancer detection. In addition, two types of carcinogenic proteins were monitored in the PBS and successfully detected in this experiment. Based on the results, the appropriate LSG sensor may be used for monitoring with limited resources. Electrode manufacturing is simple, fast, low-cost, small in size, convenient to carry, stable, instant detection, and flexible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kuang Yen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; Institute of Mechatronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Guang-Wei Huang
- Institute of Mechatronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Hsinchu, 30078, Taiwan
| | - Ragurethinam Shanmugam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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Ai L, Wang W, Teng Z. Advancements in the Worldwide Detection of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection from 2009 to 2023. China CDC Wkly 2023; 5:687-693. [PMID: 37593140 PMCID: PMC10427339 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2023.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a growing concern as an emerging tick-borne infectious disease originating from the SFTS virus (SFTSV), a recent addition to the Phlebovirus genus under the family of bunyaviruses. SFTS is typically identified by symptoms such as fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and gastrointestinal problems, accompanied by a potentially high case fatality rate. Thus, early and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment and disease management. This review delves into the existing methodologies for SFTS detection, including pathogenic, molecular, and immunological technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ai
- Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Teng
- Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Pallavi P, Harini K, Elboughdiri N, Gowtham P, Girigoswami K, Girigoswami A. Infections associated with SARS-CoV-2 exploited via nanoformulated photodynamic therapy. ADMET AND DMPK 2023; 11:513-531. [PMID: 37937246 PMCID: PMC10626507 DOI: 10.5599/admet.1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The pandemic of COVID-19 has highlighted the need for managing infectious diseases, which spreads by airborne transmission leading to serious health, social, and economic issues. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus with a 60-140 nm diameter and particle-like features, which majorly accounts for this disease. Expanding diagnostic capabilities, developing safe vaccinations with long-lasting immunity, and formulating effective medications are the strategies to be investigated. Experimental approach For the literature search, electronic databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science were used as the source. Search terms like 'Nano-mediated PDT,' 'PDT for SARS-CoV-2', and 'Nanotechnology in treatment for SARS-CoV-2' were used. Out of 275 initially selected articles, 198 were chosen after the abstract screening. During the full-text screening, 80 papers were excluded, and 18 were eliminated during data extraction. Preference was given to articles published from 2018 onwards, but a few older references were cited for their valuable information. Key results Synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) have a close structural resemblance to viruses and interact greatly with their proteins due to their similarities in the configurations. NPs had previously been reported to be effective against a variety of viruses. In this way, with nanoparticles, photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be a viable alternative to antibiotics in fighting against microbial infections. The protocol of PDT includes the activation of photosensitizers using specific light to destroy microorganisms in the presence of oxygen, treating several respiratory diseases. Conclusion The use of PDT in treating COVID-19 requires intensive investigations, which has been reviewed in this manuscript, including a computational approach to formulating effective photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Pallavi
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN-603103, India
| | - Karthick Harini
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN-603103, India
| | - Noureddine Elboughdiri
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il 81441, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical Engineering Process Department, National School of Engineers Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6029, Tunisia
| | - Pemula Gowtham
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN-603103, India
| | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN-603103, India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN-603103, India
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Maher S, Kamel M, Demerdash Z, El Baz H, Sayyouh O, Saad A, Ali N, Salah F, Atta S. Gold conjugated nanobodies in a signal-enhanced lateral flow test strip for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 S1 antigen in saliva samples. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10643. [PMID: 37391465 PMCID: PMC10313708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the transfer of COVID-19 from the pandemic to control, we are still in a state of uncertainty about long-term success. Therefore, there is a great need for rapid and sensitive diagnostics to sustain the control status. After several optimization trials, we developed lateral flow test (LFT) strips for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike 1 (S1) antigen in saliva samples. For signal enhancement of our developed strips, we applied dual gold conjugates. Gold-labeled anti-S1 nanobodies (Nbs) were employed as S1 detector conjugate, while gold-labeled angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was used as S1 capturing conjugate. In a parallel strip design, we used an anti-S1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) as an antigen detector instead of anti-S1 Nbs. Saliva samples were collected from 320 symptomatic subjects (180 RT-PCR confirmed positive cases and 140 confirmed negative cases) and were tested with the developed strips. In early detection for positive samples with cycle threshold (Ct ≤ 30), Nbs-based LFT strips showed higher sensitivity (97.14%) and specificity (98.57%) than mAb-based strips which gave 90.04% sensitivity and 97.86% specificity. Moreover, the limit of detection (LoD) for virus particles was lower for Nbs-based LFT (0.4 × 104 copies/ml) than for the mAb-based test (1.6 × 104 copies/ml). Our results are in favor of the use of dual gold Nbs and ACE2 conjugates in LFT strips. These signal-enhanced strips offer a sensitive diagnostic tool for rapid screening of SARS-CoV-2 S1 antigen in the easily collected saliva samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Maher
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Manal Kamel
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Demerdash
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan El Baz
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Omar Sayyouh
- Infection Control and Clinical Microbiology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany Saad
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha Ali
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Faten Salah
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Atta
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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Zhang Z, Tan J, Jin W, Qian H, Wang L, Zhou H, Yuan Y, Wu X. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus trends and hotspots in clinical research: A bibliometric analysis of global research. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1120462. [PMID: 36817929 PMCID: PMC9933999 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1120462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) was first reported in 2009, a large number of relevant studies have been published. However, no bibliometrics analysis has been conducted on the literature focusing on SFTSV. This study aims to evaluate the research hotspots and future development trends of SFTSV research through bibliometric analysis, and to provide a new perspective and reference for future SFTSV research and the prevention of SFTSV. Methods We retrieved global publications on SFTSV from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and Scopus databases from inception of the database until 2022 using VOSviewer software and CiteSpace was used for bibliometric analysis. Results The number of SFTSV-related publications has increased rapidly since 2011, peaking in 2021. A total of 45 countries/regions have published relevant publications, with China topping the list with 359. The Viruses-Basel has published the most papers on SFTSV. In addition, Yu et al. have made the greatest contribution to SFTSV research, with their published paper being the most frequently cited. The most popular SFTSV study topics included: (1) pathogenesis and symptoms, (2) characteristics of the virus and infected patients, and (3) transmission mechanism and risk factors for SFTSV. Conclusions In this study, we provide a detailed description of the research developments in SFTSV since its discovery and summarize the SFTSV research trends. SFTSV research is in a phase of explosive development, and a large number of publications have been published in the past decade. There is a lack of collaboration between countries and institutions, and international collaboration and exchanges should be strengthened in the future. The current research hotpots of SFTSV is antiviral therapy, immunotherapy, virus transmission mechanism and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Zhang
- Medical Records Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juntao Tan
- Operation Management Office, Affiliated Banan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Jin
- Medical Records Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Qian
- Medical Records Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Loulei Wang
- Medical Records Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- General Committee Office, The People's Hospital of Yubei District of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Medical Department, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Yuan Yuan ✉
| | - Xiaoxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Xiaoxin Wu ✉
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Zhang M, Du Y, Yang L, Zhan L, Yang B, Huang X, Xu B, Morita K, Yu F. Development of monoclonal antibody based IgG and IgM ELISA for diagnosis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection. Braz J Infect Dis 2022; 26:102386. [PMID: 35835158 PMCID: PMC9459026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2022.102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methods Results Conclusions
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Non-Invasive Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen in Saliva versus Nasopharyngeal Swabs Using Nanobodies Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7060102. [PMID: 35736981 PMCID: PMC9227045 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7060102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of sensitive, non-invasive tests for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigens is imperative, and it is still challenging to manage the extent of infection throughout the population. Here, we designed and optimized a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocol for SARS-CoV-2 S1 antigen detection in saliva. Both saliva samples and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 220 real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)-confirmed positive and negative cases. S1 protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) nanobodies were efficiently conjugated with 40 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and employed as antigen detection probes in the developed system, while recombinant S1 monoclonal antibodies (S1mAbs) were employed as antigen capture probes. After checkerboard assays and system optimization, the clinical samples were tested. In saliva, the developed ELISA system showed the highest sensitivity (93.3) for samples with cycle threshold (Ct) values ≤ 30; interestingly, high sensitivity (87.5 and 86%) was also achieved for samples with Ct values ≤ 35 and ≤40, respectively, compared with 90, 80 and 88% sensitivity rates for nasopharyngeal swabs with the same categorized Ct values. However, the specificity was 100%, and no cross-reactions were detected with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) or SARS-CoV antigens. These results reveal that our protocol could be established as an efficient and sensitive, non-invasive diagnostic tool for the early detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection using easily collectable saliva samples.
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Drozd M, Duszczyk A, Ivanova P, Pietrzak M. Interactions of proteins with metal-based nanoparticles from a point of view of analytical chemistry - Challenges and opportunities. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 304:102656. [PMID: 35367856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of proteins with nanomaterials draw attention of many research groups interested in fundamental phenomena. However, alongside with valuable information regarding physicochemical aspects of such processes and their mechanisms, they more and more often prove to be useful from a point of view of bioanalytics. Deliberate use of processes based on adsorption of proteins on nanoparticles (or vice versa) allows for a development of new analytical methods and improvement of the existing ones. It also leads to obtaining of nanoparticles of desired properties and functionalities, which can be used as elements of analytical tools for various applications. Due to interactions with nanoparticles, proteins can also gain new functionalities or lose their interfering potential, which from perspective of bioanalytics seems to be very inviting and attractive. In the framework of this article we will discuss the bioanalytical potential of interactions of proteins with a chosen group of nanoparticles, and implementation of so driven processes for biosensing. Moreover, we will show both positive and negative (opportunities and challenges) aspects resulting from the presence of proteins in media/samples containing metal-based nanoparticles or their precursors.
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Ge C, Feng J, Zhang J, Hu K, Wang D, Zha L, Hu X, Li R. Aptamer/antibody sandwich method for digital detection of SARS-CoV2 nucleocapsid protein. Talanta 2022; 236:122847. [PMID: 34635237 PMCID: PMC8421254 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nucleocapsid protein (N protein) is the most abundant protein in SARS-CoV2 and is highly conserved, and there are no homologous proteins in the human body, making it an ideal biomarker for the early diagnosis of SARS-CoV2. However, early detection of clinical specimens for SARS-CoV2 remains a challenge due to false-negative results with viral RNA and host antibodies based testing. In this manuscript, a microfluidic chip with femtoliter-sized wells was fabricated for the sensitive digital detection of N protein. Briefly, β-galactosidase (β-Gal)-linked antibody/N protein/aptamer immunocomplexes were formed on magnetic beads (MBs). Afterwards, the MBs and β-Gal substrate fluorescein-di-β-d-galactopyranoside (FDG) were injected into the chip together. Each well of the chip would only hold one MB as confined by the diameter of the wells. The MBs in the wells were sealed by fluorocarbon oil, which confines the fluorescent (FL) product generated from the reaction between β-Gal and FDG in the individual femtoliter-sized well and creates a locally high concentration of the FL product. The FL images of the wells were acquired using a conventional inverted FL microscope. The number of FL wells with MBs (FL wells number) and the number of wells with MBs (MBs wells number) were counted, respectively. The percentage of FL wells was calculated by dividing (FL wells number) by (MBs wells number). The higher the percentage of FL wells, the higher the N protein concentration. The detection limit of this digital method for N protein was 33.28 pg/mL, which was 300 times lower than traditional double-antibody sandwich based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Ge
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, 3002 Lantian Road, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, PR China
| | - Juan Feng
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, 3002 Lantian Road, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, PR China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, 3002 Lantian Road, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, PR China
| | - Kai Hu
- Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, 3002 Lantian Road, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, PR China
| | - Dou Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China.
| | - Ling Zha
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, 3002 Lantian Road, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, PR China
| | - Xuejuan Hu
- Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, 3002 Lantian Road, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, PR China.
| | - Rongsong Li
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, 3002 Lantian Road, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, PR China.
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Label-Free, Rapid and Facile Gold-Nanoparticles-Based Assay as a Potential Spectroscopic Tool for Trastuzumab Quantification. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123181. [PMID: 34947531 PMCID: PMC8708960 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy is one of the pillars of cancer treatment. However, for an efficient and personalized approach to the therapy, a quantitative evaluation of the right dose for each patient is required. In this study, we developed a simple, label-free, and rapid approach to quantify Trastuzumab, a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody used against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), overexpressed in breast cancer patients, based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The central idea of this work was to use gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as plasmonic scaffolds, decorated with HER2 binders mixed with oligo-ethylene glycol (OEG) molecules, to tune the surface density of the attached macromolecules and to minimize nonspecific binding events. Specifically, we characterized and optimized a self-assembled monolayer of mixed alkylthiols terminated with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and OEG3 as a spacing ligand to achieve both excellent dispersibility and high reliability in protein immobilization. The successful immobilization of histidine-tagged HER2 (His-tagged HER2) on NTA via cobalt (II) chelates was demonstrated, confirming the fully functional attachment of the proteins to the AuNP surface. The proposed design demonstrates the capability of producing a clear readout that enables the transduction of a Trastuzumab/HER2 binding event into optical signals based on the wavelength shifts in LSPR, which allowed for detecting clinically relevant concentrations of Trastuzumab down to 300 ng/mL in the buffer and 2 µg/mL in the diluted serum. This strategy was found to be fast and highly specific to Trastuzumab. These findings make the present platform an auspicious tool for developing affordable bio-nanosensors.
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Tsurusawa N, Chang J, Namba M, Makioka D, Yamura S, Iha K, Kyosei Y, Watabe S, Yoshimura T, Ito E. Modified ELISA for Ultrasensitive Diagnosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5197. [PMID: 34768717 PMCID: PMC8585087 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can be used for quantitative measurement of proteins, and improving the detection sensitivity to the ultrasensitive level would facilitate the diagnosis of various diseases. In the present review article, we first define the term 'ultrasensitive'. We follow this with a survey and discussion of the current literature regarding modified ELISA methods with ultrasensitive detection and their application for diagnosis. Finally, we introduce our own newly devised system for ultrasensitive ELISA combined with thionicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cycling and its application for the diagnosis of infectious diseases and lifestyle-related diseases. The aim of the present article is to expand the application of ultrasensitive ELISAs in the medical and biological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Tsurusawa
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jyunhao Chang
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Mayuri Namba
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Daiki Makioka
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Sou Yamura
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kanako Iha
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yuta Kyosei
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Satoshi Watabe
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan;
| | - Teruki Yoshimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu 061-0293, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (N.T.); (J.C.); (M.N.); (D.M.); (S.Y.); (K.I.); (Y.K.)
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
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Lengfeld J, Zhang H, Stoesz S, Murali R, Pass F, Greene MI, Goel PN, Grover P. Challenges in Detection of Serum Oncoprotein: Relevance to Breast Cancer Diagnostics. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2021; 13:575-593. [PMID: 34703307 PMCID: PMC8524259 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s331844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy that shows improved outcomes with earlier diagnosis. Current screening and monitoring methods have improved survival rates, but the limitations of these approaches have led to the investigation of biomarker evaluation to improve early diagnosis and treatment monitoring. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a specific and robust technique ideally suited for the quantification of protein biomarkers from blood or its constituents. The continued clinical relevancy of this assay format will require overcoming specific technical challenges, including the ultra-sensitive detection of trace biomarkers and the circumventing of potential assay interference due to the expanding use of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics. Approaches to increasing the sensitivity of ELISA have been numerous and include employing more sensitive substrates, combining ELISA with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and incorporating nanoparticles as shuttles for detection antibodies and enzymes. These modifications have resulted in substantial boosts in the ability to detect extremely low levels of protein biomarkers, with some systems reliably detecting antigen at sub-femtomolar concentrations. Extensive utilization of mAb therapies in oncology has presented an additional contemporary challenge for ELISA, particularly when both therapeutic and assay antibodies target the same protein antigen. Resolution of issues such as epitope overlap and steric hindrance requires a rational approach to the design of diagnostic antibodies that takes advantage of modern antibody generation pipelines, epitope binning techniques and computational methods to strategically target biomarker epitopes. This review discusses technical strategies in ELISA implemented to date and their feasibility to address current constraints on sensitivity and problems with interference in the clinical setting. The impact of these recent advancements will depend upon their transformation from research laboratory protocols into facile, reliable detection systems that can ideally be replicated in point-of-care devices to maximize utilization and transform both the diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Lengfeld
- Martell Diagnostic Laboratories, Inc., Roseville, MN, 55113, USA
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Steven Stoesz
- Martell Diagnostic Laboratories, Inc., Roseville, MN, 55113, USA
| | - Ramachandran Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Franklin Pass
- Martell Diagnostic Laboratories, Inc., Roseville, MN, 55113, USA
| | - Mark I Greene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Peeyush N Goel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Payal Grover
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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