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Perenc H, Pasieka K, Juruś K, Bierć K, Bieś R, Krzystanek M, Warchala A. The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Sexual Lives of Polish Young Adults. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3370. [PMID: 38929899 PMCID: PMC11203741 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic brought significant changes to daily life in Poland, with restrictions affecting various sectors, including entertainment, education, and travel. The pandemic's impact extended to intimate aspects of life. This study aimed to compare the sexual functioning of young adults in Poland before and during the pandemic, using the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ-14). Methods: The research involved an online survey with demographic questions, the CSFQ-14 for pre-pandemic sexual functioning, and modified CSFQ-14 questions for the pandemic period. Sexual dysfunction was determined using predefined cutoff scores. Results: Overall, the study found no significant difference in the sexual functioning of young Poles during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before. However, there were gender-specific trends. Women reported enhanced pleasure, satisfaction, and orgasm during lockdown, while men faced challenges with erection and ejaculation. A higher proportion of women experienced overall sexual dysfunction compared to men, both before and during the pandemic. This research provides insights into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sexual lives of young Poles. While overall sexual functioning remained relatively stable, specific aspects varied by gender. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the need to consider demographic factors, such as age and gender, when assessing the effects of external stressors like a pandemic on sexual health. Further research is essential to fully grasp these complexities and their potential long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Perenc
- Students’ Scientific Association, Department and Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Katowice, ul. Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland; (H.P.); (K.P.); (K.J.); (K.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Karolina Pasieka
- Students’ Scientific Association, Department and Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Katowice, ul. Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland; (H.P.); (K.P.); (K.J.); (K.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Kamil Juruś
- Students’ Scientific Association, Department and Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Katowice, ul. Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland; (H.P.); (K.P.); (K.J.); (K.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Karolina Bierć
- Students’ Scientific Association, Department and Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Katowice, ul. Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland; (H.P.); (K.P.); (K.J.); (K.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Rafał Bieś
- Students’ Scientific Association, Department and Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Katowice, ul. Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland; (H.P.); (K.P.); (K.J.); (K.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Marek Krzystanek
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Anna Warchala
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland;
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Mooney KM, Mulroy M, Park J, Pukall CF. A Prospective, Longitudinal Comparison of Sexual Distress Across Relationship Status During the COVID-19 Pandemic. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:2237-2251. [PMID: 38652408 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02835-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have described declines in sexual well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, although experiences of sexual distress during this time appear to be mixed. Previous research has relied on cross-sectional methodology and focused on individuals in relationships. Furthermore, little is known about the frequency of "COVID-safe" sexual behaviors, such as online sexual activities. These gaps in the literature were addressed using a prospective, longitudinal online study examining sexual distress, predictors of sexual distress (i.e., perceived stress), and online sexual activities over time in single and partnered individuals. Participants were single (N = 64) and partnered (N = 60) individuals who completed surveys at three timepoints over a 6-month period during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mean age across the two groups was 29 years, and approximately half were women (51.6% and 50%, respectively). Results indicated that single individuals reported significantly higher sexual distress than partnered individuals at Times 1 and 2, but not at Time 3. Sexual distress significantly decreased over time for individuals in the single group but remained stable for partnered individuals. At each timepoint, there was a conditional effect of perceived stress on sexual distress depending on one's relationship status, and the nature of these conditional effects changed throughout the course of the study. Results suggested that single individuals demonstrated improvements in sexual distress over time. Perceived stress is an important predictor of sexual distress but may operate differently depending on relationship status. Results highlight the resiliency of both single and partnered individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M Mooney
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, 62 Arch Street, Humphrey Hall, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Maeve Mulroy
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, 62 Arch Street, Humphrey Hall, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Julianna Park
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, 62 Arch Street, Humphrey Hall, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Caroline F Pukall
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, 62 Arch Street, Humphrey Hall, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Şahin AB, Büyüktopcu E, Tükel R. Evaluation of Sexual Function According to Gender and Sexual Orientation during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A National Online Survey Study. TURK PSIKIYATRI DERGISI = TURKISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2024; 35:56-62. [PMID: 38556937 PMCID: PMC11003367 DOI: 10.5080/u26948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronavirus Diseases-19 (COVID-19) pandemic that has caused the death of thousands of people affected negatively not only people's physical wellbeing but also their mental health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sexual function, depression, anxiety and stress, and fear of COVID-19 of individuals according to gender and sexual orientation during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD The questionnaire form included sociodemographic data form, the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-Short Form (DASS-21), and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). The form was distributed on social media platforms. RESULTS 1593 sexually active participants were included in the study. 47.5% of the participants were females and 52.5% were males. 86.9% of them were heterosexuals and 13.1% were lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals. ASEX, DASS-21 Depression, Anxiety, and Stress, and FCV-19S scores were significantly higher in females than males (p<0.001). When anxiety, depression, stress, and fear of COVID-19 were controlled, level of sexual dysfunction continued to be higher in women. We found that while the ASEX and FCV-19S scores were similar between the heterosexuals and LGBs (respectively p=0.66 and p=0.31), the DASS-21 Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scores were higher in LGBs (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Our results reveal the effect of the pandemic period on female sexual functions and the importance of addressing this topic in clinical practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raşit Tükel
- Prof., İstanbul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul, Turkey
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4
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Batra K, Pharr JR, Kachen A, Godbey S, Terry E. Investigating the Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19 Among the Sexual and Gender Minority Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. LGBT Health 2023; 10:416-428. [PMID: 37022764 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2022.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to utilize a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the existing body of literature to understand the mental health impacts of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic among sexual and gender minority (SGM) people. Methods: The search strategy was developed by an experienced librarian and used five bibliographical databases, specifically PubMed, Embase, APA PsycINFO (EBSCO), Web of Science, and LGBTQ+ Source (EBSCO), for studies (published 2020 to June, 2021) examining the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among SGM people. Articles were screened by two reviewers. The quality of the articles was assessed using the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for observational studies. A double extraction method was used for data abstraction. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed by I2 statistic. The random-effects model was utilized to obtain the pooled prevalence. Publication bias was assessed by Funnel plot and Egger's linear regression test. Results: Of a total of 37 studies, 15 studies were included in the meta-analysis with 17,973 SGM participants. Sixteen studies were U.S. based, seven studies were multinational studies, and the remaining studies were from Portugal, Brazil, Chile, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Canada, and several other countries. A majority of studies used psychometric valid tools for the cross-sectional surveys. The pooled prevalence of anxiety, depression, psychological distress, and suicidal ideation was 58.6%, 57.6%, 52.7%, and 28.8%, respectively. Conclusions: Findings of this study serve as evidence to develop appropriate interventions to promote psychological wellbeing among vulnerable population subgroups, such as SGM individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Batra
- Department of Medical Education, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
- Office of Research, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Jennifer R Pharr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Axenya Kachen
- School of Medicine, University of Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Samantha Godbey
- Library Liaison Program, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Emylia Terry
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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Landripet I, Božičević I, Baćak V, Štulhofer A. Changes in sexually transmitted infections-related sexual risk-taking among young Croatian adults: a 2005-2021 three-wave population-based study. Croat Med J 2023; 64:186-197. [PMID: 37391916 PMCID: PMC10332298 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2023.64.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the prevalence and dynamics of risky sexual behaviors among Croatian emerging adults in the 2005-2021 period. METHODS Three surveys were conducted on large-scale national samples of young adults aged 18-24 in 2005 (N=1092) and 18-25 in 2010 and 2021 (N=1005 and N=1210, respectively). The 2005 and 2010 studies were conducted with face-to-face interviews on stratified probabilistic samples. The 2021 study was conducted by computer-assisted web-interviewing on a quota-based random sample from the largest national online panel. RESULTS Compared with 2005 and 2010, the age at coital debut increased for both genders in 2021 (by a median of one year, to 18 years, and by a mean of half a year, to 17.5 years, in men and to 17.9 in women). In the 2005-2021 period, condom use increased by about 15% both at first intercourse (to 80%) and in consistent use (to 40% in women and 50% in men). When we controlled for basic socio-demographics, Cox and logistic regressions indicated that, for both genders, in 2005 and 2010 compared with 2021, the risks/odds were significantly higher for reporting an earlier sexual debut (adjusted hazard ratio 1.25-1.37), multiple sexual partners (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.62-3.31), and concurrent relationships (AOR 3.36-4.64), while the odds were lower for condom use at first sexual intercourse (AOR 0.24-0.46) and consistently (AOR 0.51-0.64). CONCLUSION Risky sexual behaviors decreased in the 2021 survey compared with the previous two waves, in both genders. Nonetheless, sexual risk-taking is still frequent among young Croatian adults. The introduction of sexuality education and other national-level public health interventions to reduce sexual risk-taking thus remains a public health imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Landripet
- Ivan Landripet, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ivana Lučića 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia,
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Alshehri K, Wen M, Michaud T, Chen B, Li H, Qu J, Chen L, Li J, Zhang D, Li Y, Chen Z, Han X, Shi L, Su D. Experience of Racial Discrimination was Associated with Psychological Distress and Worsening Sex Life Among Adult Americans During COVID-19. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37307401 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2221673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The recent escalation of racism in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic points to the importance of examining the association between experienced racism and sexual health. Based on data from a nationally representative survey conducted in the U.S. in October 2020 (n = 1,915), Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regressions were estimated to examine the association between experience of racism and changes in sex life during the pandemic. We further performed a causal mediation analysis using the bootstrap technique to assess the mediating role of psychological distress in the observed association between the experience of racism and changes in sex life. Among the respondents, the proportions reporting better, worse, or no change in sex life were, respectively, 15%, 21%, and 64%. Experiencing racial discrimination during COVID-19 was significantly associated with worsening sex life (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04, 2.25). Respondents with experienced racism were also more likely to report psychological distress (AOR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.09, 2.59). About one-third (32.66%) of the observed association between experienced racism and worsening sex life was mediated through psychological distress. Addressing racism and its association with psychological distress has the potential to improve sexual health and reduce related racial and ethnic disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Alshehri
- Department of Health Services Research and Administration, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center
- Center for Reducing Health Disparities, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | - Ming Wen
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah
| | - Tzeyu Michaud
- Center for Reducing Health Disparities, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | - Baojiang Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Media, Journalism and Film, Miami University
| | - Joshua Qu
- Center for Reducing Health Disparities, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Donglan Zhang
- Division of Health Services Research, Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia
| | - Xuesong Han
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society
| | - Lu Shi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University
| | - Dejun Su
- Center for Reducing Health Disparities, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center
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Ballester-Arnal R, Nebot-Garcia JE, Ruiz-Palomino E, García-Barba M, Fernández-García O, Gil-Llario MD. Sexual life of Spanish women during the lockdown by COVID-19: Differences according to sexual orientation? WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 2023; 98:102719. [PMID: 37065932 PMCID: PMC10085747 DOI: 10.1016/j.wsif.2023.102719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated the sexual health differences that already existed among women based on their sexual orientation. Therefore, a total of 971 Spanish women aged 18-60 years (84 % heterosexual and 16 % with a minority sexual orientation) answered an ad hoc online questionnaire about sexual behavior during April 2020. Compared to heterosexual women, sexual minority women showed a greater increase in sexual frequency, masturbated more, had more sex with a housemate, and engaged in more online sexual activities during lockdown. The emotional impact of the pandemic, having privacy, and age showed a relationship with the quality of sexual life, but not sexual orientation. Based on these results, women's sexual lives are not as closely related to their sexual orientation as they are to other variables. Therefore, it seems more necessary to address issues affecting women in general during lockdown than to focus on their specific sexual orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ballester-Arnal
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Juan Enrique Nebot-Garcia
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Estefanía Ruiz-Palomino
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Marta García-Barba
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Olga Fernández-García
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Gil-Llario
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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Mamuk R, Çelik SY, Sekizler ET. Evaluation of sexual function and sexual quality of life in women during the COVID-19 Pandemic: the Turkish case. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:349-361. [PMID: 37545976 PMCID: PMC10398491 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual health is an important component of general health. OBJECTIVE To evaluate sexual function and sexual quality of life (SQOL) in women during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in Turkey. Data were collected via a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQOL-F) questionnaire. RESULTS The mean FSFI score was 26.91±5.62, and 39.1% of the women had an FSFI score of 26.55 or lower. The mean SQOL-F score was 79.08±20.90. FSFI score was significantly associated with employment status (β=-0.661), partner education (β=1.698), sexual compatibility between partners (β=0.518), sexual satisfaction (β=0.230), fatigue level (β= -0.120), and frequency of sexual intercourse (β=0.160). In addition, SQOL-F score was significantly associated with sexual desire (β=2.625), satisfaction (β=1.338), pain or discomfort (β=1.274), age (β= -0.356), sexual compatibility between partners (β=1.984), and fatigue level (β=-0.981) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Less than half of the women participating in this study had sexual dysfunction, and overall SQOL was moderate to high. These results were associated with some descriptive characteristics of the women and were similar to those reported in pre-pandemic studies conducted in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojjin Mamuk
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University. Famagusta, North Cyprus
| | - Sultan Yurtsever Çelik
- Wound care unit of Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital of University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Temizkan Sekizler
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University. Famagusta, North Cyprus
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Mavragani A, Abdul Kadir L, Al Nsour M, Taha H. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Female Sexual Function in Jordan: Cross-sectional Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e40772. [PMID: 36745774 PMCID: PMC9937107 DOI: 10.2196/40772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual function is a complex physiological process controlled by neurovascular and endocrine mechanisms that are affected by stressful events. The sexual response cycle consists of four main phases, which are sexual desire or libido, arousal or excitement, orgasm, and resolution. The COVID-19 outbreak is one of the most stressful events historically, causing several unpleasant consequences, including major physical and mental disorders, and sexual dysfunction and alteration in sexual behavior are possible anticipated consequences of the pandemic. Moreover, there are social taboos related to sexual behavior in Jordan, and the current knowledge on changes in Jordanian female sexual function during COVID-19 pandemic is limited. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on women's sexual function during the early COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study that employed a web-based survey to follow 200 female individuals from the general population in Jordan. The survey evaluated sexual function both during COVID-19 and 6 months prior to the pandemic. The primary outcomes investigated in this study were the changes in sexual intercourse frequency and sexual function aspects, including desire, arousal, satisfaction, orgasm, lubrication, and pain during sexual activity. Data were analyzed using paired t test, McNemar test, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regression using SPSS 25. RESULTS During the COVID-19 pandemic, the participants' sexual intercourse frequency increased while their sexual satisfaction was significantly changed. The proportion of participants who had 0-2 times per week of sexual intercourse was decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with that before the pandemic (n=90, 45% vs n=103, 51.5%; P=.02). Conversely, the number of female individuals with 3-7 times per week of sexual intercourse increased after the pandemic compared with the prepandemic state (n=103, 51.5% vs n=91, 45.5%; P=.04). Female sexual satisfaction was significantly reduced after the COVID-19 pandemic compared with that before the pandemic (3.39 vs 3.30; P=.049). The other categories of sexual function, including desire, arousal, satisfaction, orgasm, lubrication, and dyspareunia showed no significant changes during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the previous 6 months. There were no significant differences between the total sexual function mean scores during COVID-19 (15.73) compared with the prepandemic scores (15.85; P=.41). The total score of female sexual function during the pandemic was negatively associated with the participants' age and education level. Correlations between various demographics and sexual function categories during the COVID-19 pandemic were identified. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study exploring female sexual function during the COVID-19 outbreak in Jordan. The results suggest that COVID-19-associated stress is influencing women's sexual function, necessitating the provision of adequate emotional and physiological well-being support for women during similar crises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lina Abdul Kadir
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mohannad Al Nsour
- Global Health Development, Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hana Taha
- Department of Pharmacology, Public Health and Clinical Skills, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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10
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Dion J, Hamel C, Prévost B, Bergeron-Leclerc C, Pouliot E, Maltais D, Grenier J, Dubé M, Ouellet-Plamondon C, Vaillancourt-Morel MP. Stressed and distressed: how is the COVID-19 pandemic associated with sexual frequency, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction? J Sex Med 2023; 20:152-160. [PMID: 36763935 DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Canadian government's response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic included the implementation of several restrictive measures since March 2020. These actions sought to decrease social contact and increase physical distancing, including that within universities. Such constraints were required to impede the transmission of the virus; however, concerns remain about their impact on the sexual and intimate relationships of university employees and students. AIM This study examined the associations between COVID-19-related stress and sexual frequency, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction, also testing the mediating role of psychological distress. METHODS The models were tested with Canadian data collected from university employees and students in 2 phases: the first wave in April-May 2020 (T1; n = 2754) and the second wave in November-December 2021 (T2; n = 1430), 18 months afterward. Participants completed self-report questionnaires online. Path analyses were performed to test the associations of the mediation models. OUTCOMES The principal outcomes included psychological distress determined via the Patient Health Questionnaire-4, relationship satisfaction measured via the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and sexual satisfaction and sexual frequency ascertained through a single item each. RESULTS Overall, COVID-19-related stress was associated with higher psychological distress, which in turn was related to lower sexual frequency, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction. Similar results were obtained with T1 and T2 data, indicating the mediating effect of psychological distress. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS These findings increase scholarly comprehension of the negative associations between stress/distress and sexual and romantic relationships. Sexuality and close relationships are vital to the quality of human life; thus, targeted interventions should be developed to reduce COVID-19-related stress and its impact on sexual and romantic relationships to mitigate the long-term influences of this unique global challenge. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS To our knowledge, this study is the first to use a large sample size and replicate findings in 2 waves. Nonetheless, it is limited by the use of cross-sectional data. Longitudinal studies with the same participants are mandated to better understand the evolution of these outcomes. CONCLUSION COVID-19-related stress and psychological distress were found among participating university students and employees and were associated with lower sexual satisfaction, sexual frequency, and intimate relationship satisfaction. These results were observed at the early onset of the pandemic and 18 months afterward, suggesting that the stress generated by the pandemic were not mere reactions to the onset of the pandemic but persisted over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinthe Dion
- Intersectoral Center for Sustainable Health, Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, G7H 2B1, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Catherine Hamel
- Intersectoral Center for Sustainable Health, Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, G7H 2B1, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Benjamin Prévost
- Intersectoral Center for Sustainable Health, Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Christiane Bergeron-Leclerc
- Intersectoral Center for Sustainable Health, Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Eve Pouliot
- Intersectoral Center for Sustainable Health, Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Danielle Maltais
- Intersectoral Center for Sustainable Health, Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Josée Grenier
- Department of Social Work, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jérôme, J7Z 0B7, Canada
| | - Myriam Dubé
- School of Social Work, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, H2L 4Y2, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Pier Vaillancourt-Morel
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, G8Z 4M3, Canada
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Alimoradi Z, Bahrami N, Khodaparast S, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. Mediating role of psychological distress and domestic violence in the association of fear of COVID-19 with marital satisfaction and sexual quality of life among women of reproductive age: An Iranian cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068916. [PMID: 36746547 PMCID: PMC9905787 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the mediating role of psychological distress and domestic violence in the association of fear of COVID-19 with marital satisfaction and sexual quality of life (QoL) among Iranian women of reproductive age. METHODS A cross-sectional study comprising 324 married women was conducted. Online convenience sampling was used to collect data. SPSS PROCESS macro was used for the mediation analysis. The direct and indirect effects of the fear of COVID-19 on sexual QoL and marital satisfaction were estimated comprising a 95% CI using 5000 bootstrap samples. Pairwise comparisons between the mediators were calculated by Hayes' macros. RESULTS A positive/negative or suspected history of COVID-19 infection had marginally significant relationship with marital satisfaction (p=0.049). The total effect of fear of COVID-19 on sexual QoL was significant (b=-1.31, SE=0.20, p<0.001). Fear of COVID-19 had no significant direct effect on sexual QoL (b=-0.22, SE=0.19, p=0.24) but it had an indirect effect on sexual QoL via mediation of psychological distress (b=-0.34, SE=0.09, 95% CI: -0.53 to -0.19) and domestic violence (b=-0.75, SE=0.18, 95% CI: -1.12 to -0.40). The total effect of fear of COVID-19 on marital satisfaction was significant (b=-1.91, SE=0.32, p<0.001). Fear of COVID-19 had no significant direct effect (b=0.20, SE=0.25, p=0.42) on marital satisfaction but it had an indirect effect on marital satisfaction via mediation of psychological distress (b=-0.59, SE=0.13, 95% CI: -0.86 to -0.36) and domestic violence (b=-1.51, SE=0.29, 95% CI: -2.08 to -0.92). CONCLUSION The fear of COVID-19 during the pandemic indirectly decreased women's marital satisfaction and sexual QoL via increased psychological distress and domestic violence. Consequently, in critical situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, improving couples' psychological health and reducing domestic violence are likely to improve women's sexual QoL and marital satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Alimoradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Nasim Bahrami
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Samaneh Khodaparast
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Department of Nursing,School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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12
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Toldam NE, Graugaard C, Meyer R, Thomsen L, Dreier S, Jannini EA, Giraldi A. Sexual Health During COVID-19: A Scoping Review. Sex Med Rev 2022; 10:714-753. [PMID: 37051956 PMCID: PMC9242892 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic impacted profoundly on the wellbeing and social interactions of the world population, and all dimensions of sexual health were potentially affected by globally implemented preventive measures. OBJECTIVES The scoping review aimed to compile existing research investigating possible effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on adult sexual health, that is, sexual behavior, functioning, and satisfaction. Further, studies on the interplay between mental health and sexual well-being during the pandemic were reviewed. METHODS The review was conducted in accordance with guidelines established by the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist. On October 11-12, 2021, PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, Cinahl, Cochrane, Sociological Abstracts and Scopus were systematically searched for relevant peer-reviewed papers employing quantitative methodology. Additionally, unpublished ("grey") research studies on the subject were retrieved. The screening, data extraction, and analysis of evidence were conducted by 4 independent reviewers using an iterative approach. RESULTS Based on 107 studies included, the scoping review showed that the pandemic had had a wide impact on all dimensions of sexual health. Except for solo sex activities, mainly negative COVID-19 implications were identified, although findings were, in sum, characterized by complexity and unpredictability. Thus, sexual behavior, functioning, and satisfaction during the pandemic appeared to be mitigated by a broad range of sociodemographic and contextual factors. Finally, sexual health seemed deeply entwined with overall mental health. CONCLUSION The scoping review revealed a broad range of COVID-19-related effects on sexual health, including an overall decline in partnered sex and a concurrent increase in solo sex activities. It also emphasized a need for future research to shed light on possible long-term consequences of the pandemic in various population groups and on all aspects of sexual health. Toldam NE, Graugaard C, Meyer R, et al. Sexual Health During COVID-19: A Scoping Review. Sex Med Rev 2022;10:714-753.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Ernst Toldam
- Center for Sexology Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark,Sexological Clinic, Mental Health Center, Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Graugaard
- Center for Sexology Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Rikke Meyer
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Annamaria Giraldi
- Sexological Clinic, Mental Health Center, Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Corresponding Author: Annamaria Giraldi, MD, PhD, FECSM, IF, Sexological Clinic, Mental Health Center, Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Ole Maaloesvej 14, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. Tel: + 45 38 64 71 69
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13
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Kim HS. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Sexual Debut Among South Korean Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2022; 34:658-664. [PMID: 38596393 PMCID: PMC10903697 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2022.2112795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objective: This study assesses the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic on the first time Korean adolescents have sex. Methods: The study examines 2017-2021 data from an annual, cross-sectional survey. Results: There is a significant drop in the percentages of male adolescents initiating sexual intercourse in 2020 and noticeable rebounds in 2021. However, the sexual debut among female students shows no significant change. Conclusions: We suggest that strict social distancing measures in 2020 and loosening of them in 2021, different orientations toward having sex by gender, and a strong sexual double standard are responsible for these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sik Kim
- Department of Sociology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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14
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Rodrigues DL, Balzarini RN, Zoppolat G, Slatcher R. Motives for Security and Sexual Activity Among Single Individuals at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2022.2100716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giulia Zoppolat
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Slatcher
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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15
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Khorshidi M, Alimoradi Z, Bahrami N, Griffiths MD. Predictors of women’s sexual quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic: An Iranian cross-sectional study. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2022.2089645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Khorshidi
- Students Research Committee, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zainab Alimoradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Nasim Bahrami
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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16
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Batz F, Lermer E, Hatzler L, Vilsmaier T, Schröder L, Chelariu-Raicu A, Behr J, Mahner S, Buspavanich P, Thaler CJ. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sexual Health in Cis Women Living in Germany. J Sex Med 2022; 19:907-922. [PMID: 35370105 PMCID: PMC8898699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preliminary research shows a substantial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women's sexual health, whereby empirical work on sexual well-being of minoritized sexual identities is still rare. AIM The objective of this study was to explore sexual health in heterosexual, lesbian and bisexual cis women during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. METHODS An anonymous nationwide online survey was conducted among cis women during the first nationwide lockdown in Germany from April 20th to July 20th, 2020. The questionnaire was distributed via e-mail, online chats and social-media platforms. OUTCOMES Demographic variables and self-report measures from the Sexual Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ-G) "before the pandemic" and "since the pandemic" were collected. RESULTS A total of 1,368 cis women participants were included: heterosexual women (n = 844), lesbian women (n = 293), bisexual women (n = 231). Results indicate overall decrease in frequency of sexual contacts and masturbation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regarding differences before and during the pandemic lesbian women showed significant changes in sexual arousal whereas heterosexual women showed significant changes in all dimensions except capability to enjoy sexual intercourse. The data of bisexual women showed significant changes in almost all dimensions except for frequency of sexual intercourse and sexual arousal. Results of the multiple regression analysis revealed that being younger than 36 years-old, and being in a relationship as well as being heterosexual (compared with being lesbian) is positively associated with general satisfaction with sexual life during the pandemic. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The findings suggest that during a pandemic sexual and mental health care for (cis) women should be provided and address the specific needs of sexual minority groups. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS This is the first study to describe sexual behavior in heterosexual, lesbian and bisexual women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Limitations, however, include the fact that the data described were obtained at only one time point so there is a possibility of recall bias, and that the results cannot be generalized because of the underrepresentation of women over age 46. CONCLUSION This study examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting social constraints on the sexual health of particular groups of lesbian and bisexual women, which may improve preparedness for future public health and policy crises. Batz F, Lermer E, Hatzler L, et al. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sexual Health in Cis Women Living in Germany. J Sex Med 2022;19:907-922.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Batz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Lermer
- Center for Leadership and People Management, LMU Munich, Germany; Applied Business and Media Psychology - Ansbach University of Applied Sciences, Ansbach, Germany
| | - Laura Hatzler
- Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Breast Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theresa Vilsmaier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Lennard Schröder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Anca Chelariu-Raicu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Behr
- Research Department of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany; Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Joint Faculty of the University of Potsdam, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg and Brandenburg Medical School, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Pichit Buspavanich
- Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany; Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Joint Faculty of the University of Potsdam, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg and Brandenburg Medical School, Potsdam, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute Gender in Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian J Thaler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
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17
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Kara Y, Karataş M, Duyan V. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on LGBTQ+'s Sexual Behaviors in Turkey: "Everything about Sex Had Become A Black Box". JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2022:1-32. [PMID: 35616369 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2072255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced changes in the behavior patterns of many population groups due to restrictive measures all over the world. In this study, qualitative research method based on a phenomenological approach was used to determine the changes in the sexual behavior of a group of LGBTQ+ people living in Turkey. The COVID-19 pandemic has culminated in changes in the sexual life of LGBTQ+s. It has been determined that feelings such as the need of emotional support, loneliness, devaluation and helplessness were experienced, and quarantine and curfew restrictions were effective on sexuality and sexual behaviors. In addition, it has been determined that LGBTQ+s have changed in the standards of determining partners during the pandemic process. The use of sex toys has increased, the sensitivity toward self-care and hygiene rules has increased, the tendency to have sexual fantasies has changed, the sexual behavior of people in their social environment has changed, and the disruptions in health services have posed negative effects. It is recommended to carry out studies focusing on the sexual behavior of LGBTQ+s and to develop counseling services regarding the sexual behaviors of LGBTQ+s and the situations that occur in their sexual lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Kara
- Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Department of Social Work, Altınbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Karataş
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Social Work, Sabahattin Zaim University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Veli Duyan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Social Work, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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18
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Rodrigues DL, Lehmiller JJ. COVID-19 and Sexual Desire: Perceived Fear Is Associated with Enhanced Relationship Functioning. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022; 59:403-412. [PMID: 34431724 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.1966359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic had mostly negative consequences for individual, relationship, and sexual functioning. However, some individuals have reported increases in sexual desire and made new additions to their sex lives. Given that stress-provoking situations can sometimes make mortality more salient and heighten sexual desire, it is possible that lifestyle changes and fear of COVID-19 infection may have benefited some relationships. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 303 romantically involved adults (58.1% men) and found that lifestyle changes were associated with negative changes in one's sex life, unrelated to wanting to spend time with one's partner, and positively associated with relationship quality. Lifestyle changes were also positively associated with sexual desire, but only for participants with high (vs. low) fear of COVID-19 infection. For these participants, sexual desire was associated with positive changes in one's sex life and wanting to spend time with one's partner, but not with overall relationship quality. Results were consistent after controlling for pandemic-related anxiety and demographic variables. This study advances literature focused on the importance of romantic relationships in stress-provoking situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic by shedding light on the association between sexual desire and personal and relational well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Rodrigues
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Iscte-Instituto Universitário De Lisboa, CIS-Iscte
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19
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Wake AD, Kandula UR. The global prevalence and its associated factors toward domestic violence against women and children during COVID-19 pandemic-"The shadow pandemic": A review of cross-sectional studies. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 18:17455057221095536. [PMID: 35441537 PMCID: PMC9024155 DOI: 10.1177/17455057221095536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Globally, domestic violence affects women across their life span. Domestic violence against women and children during COVID-19 is a critical and substantial public health issue. This review article was aimed to determine the prevalence and its associated factors toward domestic violence against women and children during COVID-19. Several studies showed that the prevalence of domestic violence against women and children has been alarmingly enlarged during this COVID-19. Domestic violence is a significant and essential problem that is occurring all over the world for many years now, but this condition has been augmented during the lockdown situation because of this pandemic. Women and children of the worldwide are facing twin health emergencies that are COVID-19 and domestic violence. The pandemic was found as a threat to commit domestic violence against women and children. This is because, even though the measurements taken to avoid COVID-19 spread are supportive strategies and also the only opportunity to do so, reducing the risk of COVID-19 was found to raise the risk of domestic violence against women and children. Factors associated with domestic violence against women and children were; being housewives, age < 30 years, marriage, husband's age being between 31 and 40 years, physical victimization, and sexual victimization were factors associated with domestic violence. Depression, spending more time in close contact, job losses, financial insecurity, lockdowns, addiction (alcohol or drugs), control of wealth in the family, technology, and quarantine were factors considered as risk factors for domestic violence. This review will serve as a "call to action" to address this crisis effectively by coming together since this crisis is the global aspect. This is a shadow pandemic growing during this COVID-19 crisis and a global collective effort is needed to prevent it. The life of women and children moves from their needs to their rights during this pandemic. It is essential to undertake urgent actions to intervene in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addisu Dabi Wake
- Addisu Dabi Wake, Nursing Department, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, P.O. Box: 193/04, Asella, Ethiopia.
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20
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Gönenç IM, Öztürk Özen D, Yılmaz Sezer N. The Relationship Between Fear of COVID-19, Quality of Sexual Life, and Sexual Satisfaction of Women in Turkey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2022; 34:377-385. [PMID: 38596279 PMCID: PMC10903658 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2022.2058145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: The study investigated the relationship between fear of COVID-19, quality of sexual life, and sexual satisfaction of women in Turkey. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between November 26, 2020, and January 26, 2021. The sample consisted of 811 women. Data were collected using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Sexual Quality of Life-Female Scale, and the Pre-Pandemic Sexual Satisfaction and During Pandemic Sexual Satisfaction scores. Results: There was a negative correlation between the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and the Sexual Quality of Life-Female Scale and the During Pandemic Sexual Satisfaction scores. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale scores accounted for 86% of the total variance in the Sexual Quality of Life scores and 5% of the total variance in the During Pandemic Sexual Satisfaction Scores. Conclusion: Sexual problems due to the fear of COVID-19 adversely affect women's sexual quality of life. Healthcare professionals should address the fear of COVID-19 and related sexual issues during the pandemic.
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21
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CANİKLİOĞLU M, IŞIKAY L, SELMİ V, SARI S, ÖZTEKİN Ü, ÖZKAYA M. How Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Sexual Health of Partnered Men? MUSTAFA KEMAL ÜNIVERSITESI TIP DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.17944/mkutfd.939834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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22
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Reda M, Sehlo M, Youssef U, Elsayed M. Impact of "COVID-19" Lockdown on Male Sexual Behavior in Egyptian Sample. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2022; 34:366-376. [PMID: 38596282 PMCID: PMC10903560 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2022.2058144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objective To assess the changes in the sexual behavior of Egyptian married men during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Methods In a cross-sectional study, the sexual behavior of 164 Egyptian married men was examined through an online questionnaire, designed by the authors, and uploaded to strictly male social media groups using Google Forms. The questionnaire included demographic and clinical variables about age, stress level about COVID-19, fear of infection during sexual relations and also compared sexual behavior before the COVID-19 lockdown. Results 39.17% of the sample reported decrease in sexual desire, 28.05% reported decrease in sexual frequency, 17.68% reported decrease in sexual satisfaction and 22% reported fear of infection with COVID-19 during sexual relations. Severe stress about COVID-19, increased rate of marital conflicts and fear of infection with COVID-19 during sexual relations were significantly associated with decreased sexual desire, frequency and satisfaction. Conclusions This study demonstrated severe stress about COVID-19, increased rate of marital conflict and fear of infection with COVID-19 during sexual activity, all of which were significantly associated with decreased levels of sexual desire, frequency and satisfaction respectively among married Egyptian men during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Promoting education to manage stress, decreasing marital conflicts and the correction of the mistaken belief that COVID-19 is a sexually transmitted disease is highly important to promote healthy sexual relations during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Reda
- Department of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Sehlo
- Department of Psychiatry, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Usama Youssef
- Department of Psychiatry, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mervat Elsayed
- Department of Psychiatry, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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23
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Izdebski Z, Słowikowska-Hilczer J, Mazur J. The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Assessment of Sexual Life-Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys among Polish Adults in 2017, 2020 and 2021. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074110. [PMID: 35409792 PMCID: PMC8998642 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to investigate whether assessment of sexual life remained stable during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two surveys were conducted among Polish adults aged 18–70 years in June 2020 (n = 2042; perspective of last 2–3 months) and in June 2021 (n = 2418; last 12 months). Data from 2017 (n = 1980) were used as a reference point. Four questions allowed for defining five sexual life assessment profiles (k-means cluster analysis). Their characteristics were presented using 12 variables and 16 factors that contributed to difficulties in sexual life. The 2020 survey showed a temporary increase in the importance of sexual life and the frequency of sexual intercourse. However, the percentage of respondents representing the most favorable profile decreased significantly over the consecutive survey periods (47.1%, 34.2%, and 32.3%, respectively). Pandemic-induced fatigue and stress as well as the permanent presence of others at home were reported as two main factors negatively affecting the frequency of sexual intercourse during the pandemic. Respondents who assessed their sexual life as poor were more likely to consider illness, depression, and low self-esteem as factors negatively impacting their sexual life in 2021 than a year earlier. The results confirmed that as the pandemic drew on, the assessment of sexual life changed compared to the time around the first lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Izdebski
- Department of Biomedical Aspects of Development and Sexology, Faculty of Education, Warsaw University, 00-561 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Humanization in Medicine and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-729 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Mazur
- Department of Humanization in Medicine and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-729 Zielona Gora, Poland
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Changes in sexual behaviour, anxiety symptoms, and quality of couple relationship of patients with infertility during the COVID-19 lockdown. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:493-504. [PMID: 35094183 PMCID: PMC8800844 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the perceived changes in sexual behaviour during COVID-19 lockdown, anxiety symptoms, and couple relationship of patients with infertility. Methods We performed an observational cross-sectional study between 20 November 2020 and 15 January 2021. We used stratified analysis of different stress levels and Quality of Marriage Index (QMI) scores to compare the perceived changes in sexual behaviour, anxiety symptoms, and couple relationship. The logistic regression model was performed to assess factors correlated with couples’ relationship quality during the lockdown. Furthermore, we performed pathway analyses to assess whether the changes in sexual behaviour, stress level, or psychological anxiety during the lockdown could predict the quality of couple relationship. Results A total of 940 patients with infertility were included in this study. When we conducted a stratified analysis of the participants, significant differences were found between the changes in their sexual behaviour, stress levels, and couple relationship quality. The logistic regression model showed that sex, anxiety symptoms, decreased sexual satisfaction, sexual activity frequency, and income levels were closely related to couple relationship quality. Pathway analyses indicated that changes in their sexual behaviour, anxiety symptoms, and stress levels could all predict the quality of couple relationship. Conclusions The perceived changes in sexual behaviour with different stress levels and couple relationship quality showed significant differences. Analysing the related factors that affect the quality of couple relationship, especially in times of crisis, is of great significance as this information can contribute to the improvement of treatment for patients with infertility. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10815-021-02361-4.
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Gauvin SEM, Mulroy ME, McInnis MK, Jackowich RA, Levang SL, Coyle SM, Pukall CF. An Investigation of Sexual and Relationship Adjustment During COVID-19. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:273-285. [PMID: 35059943 PMCID: PMC8776387 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the mitigation measures put in place have resulted in universal disruption in the usual ways of life for individuals. The current study sought to investigate how aspects of sexual health (well-being and functioning) and relationship satisfaction changed or remained stable during the pandemic. During two separate time points (Time 1 including Time 1 and a retrospective baseline, Time 2), participants completed online measures of sexual well-being (sexual pleasure, partnered and solitary orgasm frequency, sexual distress), sexual functioning, and relationship satisfaction. Participants reported slight declines in sexual pleasure, frequency of orgasms with a partner, and frequency of solitary orgasms from pre-COVID-19 (retrospective baseline) to Time 1, with no significant differences in sexual distress and relationship satisfaction. For individuals with vulvas, sexual functioning improved from Time 1 to Time 2, whereas no significant differences in sexual functioning were observed for individuals with penises. Aspects of sexual health and relational satisfaction did not sufficiently change across time points to be considered meaningful health outcome changes. Given that minimal disruptions were noted in pre-COVID-19 to COVID-19 sexuality, these results highlight the potential resiliency of individuals' sexuality when facing sudden changes in their daily lives. Implications of COVID-19's effects on sexual well-being and relationship satisfaction research are broadly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maeve E Mulroy
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Meghan K McInnis
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Robyn A Jackowich
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Samantha L Levang
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Shannon M Coyle
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Caroline F Pukall
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Pollard AE, Rogge RD. Love in the Time of COVID-19: A Multi-Wave Study Examining the Salience of Sexual and Relationship Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:247-271. [PMID: 35083594 PMCID: PMC8791703 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The current study used Family Systems Theory as a framework to clarify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual, romantic, and individual functioning. Specifically, sexual and romantic functioning were modeled as key mechanisms linking COVID-19 related stressors (as predictors) to aspects of individual functioning over time (as outcomes). A sample of 1,241 sexually active adults in relationships (47% married/engaged) was recruited from March 5 to May 5, 2020: 82% White, 66% women, M = 34 years old, 58% heterosexual. All participants completed a baseline survey and 642 participants completed at least one of the six, monthly, follow-up surveys. Multilevel SEM models evaluated the model both at the level of stable between-person differences (i.e., level 2) and at the level of within-person change across time (i.e., level 1). The findings suggested that COVID-19 related stress was predictive of lower sexual, romantic, and individual functioning in both levels of the model. Significant indirect paths supported the proposed mediation at the level of within-person change across time: elevations in COVID-19 stress within specific months predicted corresponding drops in sexual functioning, which in turn predicted corresponding drops in romantic functioning, which in turn predicted corresponding drops in individual well-being (highlighting points of intervention). In contrast, at the level of between-person differences, stable levels of sexual and relationship satisfaction across the 6 months of the study were not associated with stable levels of COVID-19 stressors (representing sources of resilience that promoted well-being) and stable levels of stress from social isolation predicted stably higher amounts of communicating affection to one's loved ones (suggesting a need for affiliation in the face of chronic stress) whereas stable difficulties with orgasms were linked to stable irritability toward partners and depressive symptoms. Multigroup analyses suggested that the findings generalized across gender, age, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, relationship stage, and cohabitation groups. Spillover effects within a Family Systems Theory framework clarify how upheaval of the COVID-19 pandemic could have impacted sexual, romantic, and individual functioning in a process-oriented framework, highlighting sources of resilience (sexual satisfaction, communicating affection) and risk (orgasm difficulties).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka E Pollard
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, 462 Meliora Hall; RC Box 270266, Rochester, NY, 14627-0266, USA
| | - Ronald D Rogge
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, 462 Meliora Hall; RC Box 270266, Rochester, NY, 14627-0266, USA.
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Dong M, Wu S, Tao Y, Zhou F, Tan J. The Impact of Postponed Fertility Treatment on the Sexual Health of Infertile Patients Owing to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:730994. [PMID: 34957137 PMCID: PMC8703142 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.730994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: With the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at the beginning of 2020, all non-essential medical treatments were suspended, including fertility treatments. As a unique group in society, patients with infertility may be more sensitive and vulnerable in the face of pressure and crisis. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports on the influence of postponed fertility treatment on the sexual health of infertile patients owing to COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether postponed fertility treatment resulting from COVID-19 affects the sexual health of patients with infertility. Methods: A total of 1,442 participants were included for analysis in this large-scale study. Those with postponed fertility treatment were categorised as group A (n = 474), whereas those whose fertility treatment was not delayed were in group B (n = 968). The sexual health and psychological well-being were compared between the two groups. Results: The total Female Sexual Function Index score and five domains of female sexual function (arousal ability, vaginal lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and coital pain) were significantly lower in group A than those in group B (p < 0.05). The International Index of Erectile Dysfunction score and Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool score were significantly higher in group A than those in group B (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Delaying fertility treatment obviously affects patients' sexual and mental health. Through a structural equation model, we observed that postponed fertility treatment mediates sexual health by regulating psychological distress and couple relationship quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Dong
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning, Shenyang, China.,School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanqiang Tao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Zhou
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning, Shenyang, China
| | - Jichun Tan
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning, Shenyang, China
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Lau WKW, Ngan LHM, Chan RCH, Wu WKK, Lau BWM. Impact of COVID-19 on pornography use: Evidence from big data analyses. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260386. [PMID: 34932564 PMCID: PMC8691607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to radical changes in social distancing awareness and affected social relationships. Owing to large-scale lockdown, home quarantine and social distancing requirements, it was anticipated that sexual activities would be severely impacted. However, retrospective self-report studies showed that pornography use and autoerotism increased during the pandemic. AIM This study used big-data databases available on the Internet to investigate factors that modulated pornography use during the pandemic. METHODS Daily relative search volume (RSV) data from Google Trends for the period from 24 February 2020 to 13 July 2020 were extracted. Pornhub traffic data were extracted from the Pornhub Insights website, for the period from 24 February 2020 to 13 July 2020. The parameter was defined as 'percent change in traffic compared to an average day in 2019'. The number of daily new cases of COVID-19 was extracted from the database on Our World in Data. OUTCOME MEASURES The normality of the data was examined using the Shapiro-Wilk test. All variables included in this study were non-normally distributed. Therefore, non-parametric tests or parametric tests with bootstrapping were adopted where appropriate. RESULTS According to Google Trends, the RSV for 'pornography' increased after late March 2020, which is close to the date when the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. The number of daily new cases of COVID-19 was positively correlated with the traffic of Pornhub, a popular pornography website, and the RSV for 'pornography'. Moderation analysis demonstrated a significant main effect of daily new cases of COVID-19 and the RSV for 'social distancing' in predicting Pornhub traffic/RSV for 'pornography'. Furthermore, the RSV for 'social distancing' significantly moderated the relationship between daily new cases and Pornhub traffic/RSV for 'pornography'. A stronger COVID-pornography use association was observed with increased social distancing awareness. CONCLUSION Increased pornography consumption during the pandemic was observed, and it was associated with the severity of the pandemic. Social distancing awareness could be a key factor influencing interest in and use of pornography. Further studies on the changes in sexual desire and birth-rate control are worthwhile because long-term public health may be affected by the changes in sexual behaviour during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Way Kwok-Wai Lau
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Ting Kok, Hong Kong
| | - Lionel Ho-Man Ngan
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Ting Kok, Hong Kong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Randolph Chun-Ho Chan
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Ting Kok, Hong Kong
| | - William Ka-Kei Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Peter Hung Pain Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Central Ave, Hong Kong
| | - Benson Wui-Man Lau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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Rodrigues DL. Regulatory focus and perceived safety with casual partners: implications for perceived risk and casual sex intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2021.2018355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David L. Rodrigues
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Iscte–Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS-Iscte, Lisboa, Portugal
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Tan RKJ, O'Hara CA, Kumar N. Partnership status, living arrangements, and changes in sexual behaviour and satisfaction during the COVID-19 lockdown: insights from an observational, cross-sectional online survey in Singapore. Sex Health 2021; 18:366-377. [PMID: 34743786 DOI: 10.1071/sh21077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background The SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus disease 2019; COVID-19) pandemic and its concomitant movement control measures have had a profound impact on the world. In spite of its potential impact on sexual health, there is a lack of research on how the pandemic and its movement control measures have impacted sexual wellbeing among Singaporeans. Methods This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted from August to September 2020. Participants were recruited through an online survey instrument promoted through social media. Respondents self-reported their sexual behaviours and levels of sexual satisfaction prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic movement control measures. Results We recruited a total of 562 participants, of whom 338 (60.1%) ever had a sexual experience. Singles (n=106, 31.4%) and those not living with their partners (n=115, 34.0%) reported a greater decrease in partnered sexual activities but a greater increase in individual sexual activities such as masturbation, sending and receiving nudes and watching pornography, relative to those who were living with their partners (n=117, 34.6%). Multivariable analyses indicated that relative to singles, those who were not living with their partners were more likely to experience a decrease in sexual satisfaction (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]=1.42, 95% CI [1.07, 1.90]), whereas those who were living with their partners were less likely to experience a decrease in sexual satisfaction (aPR=0.45, 95% CI [0.25, 0.81]). Conclusions Interventions may focus on enhancing sexual wellness by educating on and supporting individual or partnered sexual activities that may vary along the lines of partnership status and living arrangements during the implementation of movement control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayner Kay Jin Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; and Present address: University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China, No. 2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, 510085, China; and Present address: Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Navin Kumar
- Human Nature Lab, Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Rothmüller B. The grip of pandemic mononormativity in Austria and Germany. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2021; 23:1573-1590. [PMID: 34314288 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2021.1943534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
How distancing requirements in the COVID-19 pandemic transformed intimate relationships is under-researched. Against the backdrop of research on the HIV pandemic, the paper departs from the assumption that decreased legitimacy of intimate arrangements and subjective worry about the likeliness of infection may reduce the frequency of multiple sexual contact and intimate well-being during the pandemic. Based on findings from a quantitative study which included measures of risk perception, frequency of contact with sexual partners and communities, concealment, as well as relationship quality in Austria and Germany, this paper examines sexual behaviour in association with relationship status and sexual identity. Analysing data from a convenience sample of 4,709 respondents, of whom 24 per cent identified as LGBQA+, 2 per cent as non-binary, and 6 per cent as consensually non-monogamous, bivariate analysis found significant differences in social distancing, frequency of contact with sexual communities and satisfaction with current sex life. Text analysis of the survey's open-ended responses indicates monogamisation due to declined legitimacy of less conventional intimate arrangements during the pandemic. Findings point to the importance of the sexual morality that defined pandemic experiences in times of HIV for understanding normative pressure on intimate life during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Rothmüller
- Department of Social Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
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Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Function: A Systematic Review. Prehosp Disaster Med 2021; 36:593-598. [PMID: 34311800 PMCID: PMC8353191 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x21000789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has affected many people in the world and has impacted the physical, social, and mental health of the world population. One of these psychological consequences is intimate partner violence affecting sexual health. METHODS This study was performed as a systematic review on the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on sexual function and domestic violence in the world. Accordingly, all English-language studies conducted from the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to the end of 2020 were extracted by searching in the Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed (including Medline), Cochrane Library, and Science Direct databases and then reviewed. The quality of the articles was assessed using the STROBE checklist. RESULTS A total of 11 studies were included in the systematic review. Accordingly, domestic violence during the exposure to COVID-19 had increased. Moreover, the mean scores of sexual function and its components had reduced at the time of exposure to the pandemic compared to before. CONCLUSION Given the potential long-term effects of the coronavirus crisis and the large population being affected by this disease, strategies to promote sexual health and fertility of families to prevent or further reduce violence and sexual functions should be chosen.
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Ates E, Kazici HG, Yildiz AE, Sulaimanov S, Kol A, Erol H. Male sexual functions and behaviors in the age of COVID-19: Evaluation of mid-term effects with online cross-sectional survey study. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2021; 93:341-347. [PMID: 34839642 DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2021.3.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on sexual functions and behavior in men with heterosexual partners. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 602 participants completed an online questionnaire, shared via social networks, between November 20 and December 20, 2020. Pre-pandemic sexual intercourse frequency, International Erectile Dysfunction Index (IIEF-15) score, intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT) score, and activities during sexual intercourse were compared to the ones during the pandemic. In addition, the effects of various variables on participants' sexual functions were evaluated and analyzed according to age groups. RESULTS The mean number of weekly sexual intercourse during the pandemic was 1.7+1.7, which was significantly lower than in the pre-pandemic period (p < 0.001). The ED score was significantly lower during the pandemic (p < 0.001) compared to the pre-pandemic period, however orgasmic function (p = 0.016), sexual intercourse satisfaction (p < 0.001), general satisfaction (p < 0.001), and PEDT scores (p = 0.004) were significantly higher. There was no significant difference in IELT before and during the pandemic (p = 0.391). Full-time employment and low education level were risk factors for developing ED and PE. The negative affect of the pandemic on sexual life was most prominent in the > 65 age group. Although kissing, oral and anal sex, and face-to-face sex positions decreased during the pandemic in all age groups, kissing and face-to-face sex positions remained the most preferred sexual behavior pattern (p = 0.002). There was no reduction in risky sexual behavior in the majority of the participants. CONCLUSIONS At the end of one year with COVID-19, a decrease in erectile function and an increase in PE incidence were observed in men. Despite this, there was an increase in sexual desire and satisfaction. Although there were some changes in sexual behavior, the majority of pre-pandemic habits continued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Ates
- Aydin Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Aydin.
| | - Hakan Gorkem Kazici
- Aydin Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Aydin.
| | - Ahmet Emre Yildiz
- Aydin Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Aydin.
| | - Saparali Sulaimanov
- Aydin Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Aydin.
| | - Arif Kol
- Aydin Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Aydin.
| | - Haluk Erol
- Aydin Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Aydin.
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Kumar N, Janmohamed K, Nyhan K, Forastiere L, Zhang WH, Kågesten A, Uhlich M, Sarpong Frimpong A, Van de Velde S, Francis JM, Erausquin JT, Larrson E, Callander D, Scott J, Minichiello V, Tucker J. Sexual health (excluding reproductive health, intimate partner violence and gender-based violence) and COVID-19: a scoping review. Sex Transm Infect 2021; 97:402-410. [PMID: 33782145 PMCID: PMC8380886 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2020-054896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health disparities, including disparities in sexual health and well-being. While there have been several reviews published on COVID-19 and population health disparities generally-including some with attention to HIV-none has focused on sexual health (ie, STI care, female sexual health, sexual behaviour). We have conducted a scoping review focused on sexual health (excluding reproductive health (RH), intimate partner violence (IPV) and gender-based violence (GBV)) in the COVID-19 era, examining sexual behaviours and sexual health outcomes. METHODS A scoping review, compiling both peer-reviewed and grey literature, focused on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and COVID-19 was conducted on 15 September 2020. Multiple bibliographical databases were searched. Study selection conformed to Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers' Manual 2015 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. We only included English-language original studies. RESULTS We found that men who have sex with men may be moving back toward pre-pandemic levels of sexual activity, and that STI and HIV testing rates seem to have decreased. There was minimal focus on outcomes such as the economic impact on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and STI care, especially STI care of marginalised populations. In terms of population groups, there was limited focus on sex workers or on women, especially women's sexual behaviour and mental health. We noticed limited use of qualitative techniques. Very few studies were in low/middle-income countries (LMICs). CONCLUSIONS Sexual health research is critical during a global infectious disease pandemic and our review of studies suggested notable research gaps. Researchers can focus efforts on LMICs and under-researched topics within sexual health and explore the use of qualitative techniques and interventions where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Kumar
- Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kamila Janmohamed
- Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kate Nyhan
- Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Laura Forastiere
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wei-Hong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anna Kågesten
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Sarah Van de Velde
- Department of Sociology, Centre for Population, Family and Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joel M Francis
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Toller Erausquin
- Public Health Education, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elin Larrson
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Deton Callander
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Scott
- School of Social Justice, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Victor Minichiello
- School of Social Justice, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph Tucker
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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McKay T, Henne J, Gonzales G, Gavulic KA, Quarles R, Gallegos SG. Sexual Behavior Change Among Gay and Bisexual Men During the First COVID-19 Pandemic Wave in the United States. SEXUALITY RESEARCH & SOCIAL POLICY : JOURNAL OF NSRC : SR & SP 2021; 20:438-452. [PMID: 34457080 PMCID: PMC8378841 DOI: 10.1007/s13178-021-00625-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Background After decades of navigating HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, gay and bisexual men are responding to new and uncertain risks presented by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic by adapting their sexual behavior. Methods This paper uses data from a national sample of 728 gay and bisexual men collected from April 10 to May 10, 2020, to examine changes to sexual behavior in response to the first wave of the pandemic in the USA. We also assess whether behavior modifications are associated with exposure to statewide public health measures, including Stay-at-Home orders. Results Sexual minority men report significant changes to their sexual behavior and partner selection during the first wave. Nine out of 10 men reported having either one sexual partner or no sexual partner in the last 30 days at the time of interview, a decrease compared to just before the pandemic for nearly half of men surveyed. Reporting no sexual partners in the last 30 days was significantly predicted by increased exposure to a Stay-at-Home order. Sexual minority men also reduced interactions with casual partners, increased no-contact sexual behaviors (e.g., masturbation and virtual sex), and engaged in new strategies to reduce their risks of infection from partners. HIV-positive men were particularly likely to adopt strategies including avoiding casual partners and avoiding public transportation to meet sexual partners. Conclusion Sexual minority men's behavior changes during the first wave may have reduced the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on their communities. Despite substantial changes in sexual behavior for most men in our sample during the initial first wave, we identify some concerns around the sustainability of certain behavioral changes over time and nondisclosure of COVID-19 symptoms to partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara McKay
- The Department of Medicine, Health, and Society, Vanderbilt University, PMB # 351665, Suite 300, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, TN 37235-1665 Calhoun Hall, Nashville, USA
| | - Jeff Henne
- The Henne Group, Inc, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Gilbert Gonzales
- The Department of Medicine, Health, and Society, Vanderbilt University, PMB # 351665, Suite 300, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, TN 37235-1665 Calhoun Hall, Nashville, USA
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Craig-Kuhn MC, Schmidt N, Scott G, Gomes G, TatahMentan M, Enaholo O, Guzman S, Tannis A, Hall J, Triggs DR, Kissinger PJ. Changes in Sexual Behavior Related to the COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Women in New Orleans, LA. Sex Transm Dis 2021; 48:589-594. [PMID: 33872224 PMCID: PMC8596751 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 stay-at-home orders enacted in New Orleans, LA on March 16, 2020, may have caused changes in the way young men interacted with sex partners. METHODS An online substudy was conducted (May 21, 2020 to June 9, 2020) among Black men who have sex with women, 18 years and older, and who had previously enrolled in the parent study Check It (May 17, 2017 to March 6, 2020) to assess changes in sexual behavior during the stay-at-home orders. RESULTS Among 111 participants, from enrollment in Check It to during stay-at-home orders, recent vaginal sex declined from 96.4% to 47.8% (P < 0.0001), reports of multiple female sex partners declined from 45.0% to 14.4% (P < 0.0001), and sexual abstinence increased from 3.6% to 38.7% (P < 0.0001). Among those who did have vaginal sex, condomless sex rates did not change between enrollment in Check It and the substudy (64.5% vs 67.9%, P = 0.68). During stay-at-home orders oral sex, virtual sex, and pornography viewing were 40.5%, 42.3%, and 76.6%, respectively. Some (17.1%) acquired a new sex partner during stay-at-home orders, and 44.1% left their home to meet a partner for sex. Only 27.9% had seen information about safe sex during the pandemic. Income was diminished for 62.2% and 23.4% moved away from New Orleans when stay-at-home orders were enacted. CONCLUSIONS Although there was an overall reduction in physical sex, half of participants reported physical sex, with many leaving their home to have sex during stay-at-home orders and many not using condoms. Others adopted sexual abstinence, increased virtual sex, and/or pornography viewing, which may have protected them from both sexually transmitted infections and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Clare Craig-Kuhn
- Epidemiology Department, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
| | - Norine Schmidt
- Epidemiology Department, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
| | - Glenis Scott
- Epidemiology Department, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
| | - Gérard Gomes
- Epidemiology Department, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
| | - Mom TatahMentan
- Environmental Health Sciences Department, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
| | - Ososese Enaholo
- Epidemiology Department, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
| | - Stephanie Guzman
- Epidemiology Department, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
| | - Ayzsa Tannis
- Epidemiology Department, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
| | - Jacob Hall
- Epidemiology Department, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
| | - Daniel R. Triggs
- Health Policy and Management Department, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
| | - Patricia J. Kissinger
- Epidemiology Department, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
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Mumm JN, Vilsmaier T, Schuetz JM, Rodler S, Zati Zehni A, Bauer RM, Staehler M, Stief CG, Batz F. How the COVID-19 Pandemic Affects Sexual Behavior of Hetero-, Homo-, and Bisexual Males in Germany. Sex Med 2021; 9:100380. [PMID: 34273787 PMCID: PMC8360921 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic drastically altered the way of life around the world. Due to social distancing measures, contact restrictions and fears of infection, social life has changed significantly. These measures along with the stressors associated with the current worldwide situation, will inevitably have an effect on people's interpersonal and personal behaviors. Aim This study evaluates the effect the COVID-19 pandemic and nationwide German lockdown had on the sexual behavior of cis men. Methods An anonymous nationwide web-based questionnaire was conducted among cis men in Germany during the first COVID-19 home isolation (April 20, 2020–July 20, 2020). The questionnaire was distributed via e-mail, online chats and social-media platforms. Main Outcome Measures Data was collected on general characteristics including demographics and socio-economic backgrounds. To evaluate sexual health, questions from the Sexual Behavior Questionnaire were included. Results 523 cis male participated. 414 met the inclusion criteria. Most were heterosexual (n = 248, 59.9%; vs homosexual n = 97, 23.4%; vs bisexual n = 69, 16.7%). 243 (59%) were employed, 153 (37.1%) were students and 16 (3.9%) were unemployed. Most of the participants reported an annual income lower than 75.000€. During the lockdown, average weekly frequency of sexual intercourse and masturbation was increased in all groups. Consistently, a significant rise of higher satisfaction with the frequency of sexual contacts during the quarantine was observed (P < .05). Furthermore, the level of sexual arousal increased significantly in all groups (P < .0005). Capability to enjoy sexual intercourse or masturbation increased significantly in heterosexual (P < .0005) and homosexual men (P < .005). Bisexual participants showed a significant increase in general satisfaction with sexual life (P < .05) and a significant decrease in satisfaction in relationship or single life (P < .05). Positive confounders in the changing of sexual behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic were: Being in a relationship or being single, parenthood and being employed. Conclusion Our study firstly describes how COVID-19 pandemic related restrictions and social distancing measurements altered sexual behavior amongst cis male in Germany. Further studies, including sexual minorities specifically, are needed to clarify if the behavior in the first German nationwide quarantine has persisted or transformed as the pandemic proceeded. Mumm J-N, Vilsmaier T, Schuetz JM, et al. How the COVID-19 Pandemic Affects Sexual Behavior of Hetero-, Homo-, and Bisexual Males in Germany. Sex Med 2021;9:100380.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Niclas Mumm
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Theresa Vilsmaier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julius M Schuetz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Severin Rodler
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alaleh Zati Zehni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ricarda M Bauer
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Staehler
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian G Stief
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Falk Batz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Buspavanich P, Lech S, Lermer E, Fischer M, Berger M, Vilsmaier T, Kaltofen T, Keckstein S, Mahner S, Behr J, Thaler CJ, Batz F. Well-being during COVID-19 pandemic: A comparison of individuals with minoritized sexual and gender identities and cis-heterosexual individuals. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252356. [PMID: 34101746 PMCID: PMC8186787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preliminary empirical data indicates a substantial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on well-being and mental health. Individuals with minoritized sexual and gender identities are at a higher risk of experiencing such negative changes in their well-being. The objective of this study was to compare levels of well-being among cis-heterosexual individuals and individuals with minoritized sexual and gender identities during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Using data obtained in a cross-sectional online survey between April 20 to July 20, 2020 (N = 2332), we compared levels of well-being (WHO-5) across subgroups (cis-individuals with minoritized sexual identities, individuals with minoritized gender identities and cis-heterosexual individuals) applying univariate (two-sample t-test) and multivariate analysis (multivariate linear regression). RESULTS Results indicate overall lower levels of well-being as well as lower levels of well-being in minoritized sexual or gender identities compared to cis-heterosexual individuals. Further, multivariate analyses revealed that living in urban communities as well as being in a relationship were positively associated with higher levels of well-being. Furthermore, a moderation analysis showed that being in a relationship reduces the difference between groups in terms of well-being. CONCLUSION Access to mental healthcare for individuals with minoritized sexual and gender identities as well as access to gender-affirming resources should be strengthened during COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare services with low barriers of access such as telehealth and online peer support groups should be made available, especially for vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichit Buspavanich
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Lech
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Lermer
- Center for Leadership and People Management, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- FOM University of Applied Sciences of Economics and Management, Essen, Germany
| | - Mirjam Fischer
- Institute of Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maximilian Berger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theresa Vilsmaier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Till Kaltofen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Keckstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Behr
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
- Research Department of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Joint Faculty of the University of Potsdam, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg and Brandenburg Medical School, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian J. Thaler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Falk Batz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Arafat SMY, Kar SK. Sex During Pandemic: Panic Buying of Sex Toys During COVID-19 Lockdown. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSEXUAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/26318318211013347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected almost every part of human life which reveals several peculiar human behaviors. Panic buying is one of the erratic phenomenon that has been observed in many countries of the world during this COVID-19 pandemic. The selling of online sex dolls, lingerie, and sex toys was increased during the COVID-19 lockdown in several countries like Australia, UK, Denmark, Colombia, New Zealand, Italy, Spain, France, India, North America, and Ireland. The increase in sex toy market turnover has several implications such as customization of recreational facilities, limitations in alternative sources of pleasure, need to have sex and unfortunately, and unavailability of a partner. We speculate that people may buy sex toys in response to perceived scarcity, perceived short supply, the anticipation of price hike, or to get control over the environment. However, there could be other factors such as an extra time to explore sexuality, and being apart from the partners. There is a need to study the sexual behavior and sex toy use among people in the post-pandemic era and their repercussions on the intimate relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Osur J, Ireri EM, Esho T. The Effect of COVID-19 and Its Control Measures on Sexual Satisfaction Among Married Couples in Kenya. Sex Med 2021; 9:100354. [PMID: 34077871 PMCID: PMC8240330 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 was first diagnosed in Kenya in March 2020 following which the government instituted control measures which could have affected people's sexual satisfaction and overall quality of life including restrictions in travels; ban on alcohol consumption and closure of bars; 9 pm to 5 am curfew; ban on political rallies, and closure of many workplaces with people being encouraged to work from home. Aim The objective of this study was to determine how perceived and experienced sexual satisfaction changed with the advent of COVID-19 among heterosexual married individuals in Kenya. Methods The study was a cross-sectional survey. Data was collected virtually using monkey survey from social groups. A total of 194 participants responded to the survey. Outcomes The difference in overall sexual satisfaction as well as satisfaction with sex frequency; sex process; and time, place and ambience around sexual intercourse before and during COVID-19. Results Most of the participants (73.4%) reported that they were satisfied with their marital sex before COVID-19 but the proportion of those reporting satisfaction dropped to 58.4% when they were asked about their experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among participants surveyed during the pandemic itself, therefore, 41.3% reported that they were currently sexually dissatisfied whereas just 26.6% reported that they were dissatisfied even prior to the pandemic. There was a significant difference in the overall distributions before and during COVID-19 (χ² = 38.86, P< .001). Clinical Translation COVID-19 pandemic should be considered an etiology of sexual dissatisfaction and possibly sexual dysfunctions and COVID-19 control measures should incorporate ways of enhancing sexual well-being. Conclusion There was perceived increase in dissatisfaction with sex which could be a pointer to the falling quality of life during COVID-19 pandemic especially among the most sexually active men aged 31–50 years living in places where COVID-19 control measures are being stringently implemented. Osur J, Ireri EM, Esho T. The Effect of COVID-19 and Its Control Measures on Sexual Satisfaction Among Married Couples in Kenya. Sex Med 2021;9:100354.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Osur
- School of Medical Sciences, Amref International University, Nairobi, Kenya; Amref Health Africa, End-FGM/C Centre of Excellence, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | | | - Tammary Esho
- Amref Health Africa, End-FGM/C Centre of Excellence, Nairobi, Kenya
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Fiorenzato E, Zabberoni S, Costa A, Cona G. Cognitive and mental health changes and their vulnerability factors related to COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246204. [PMID: 33503055 PMCID: PMC7840042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and government imposed social restrictions like lockdown exposed most individuals to an unprecedented stress, increasing mental health disorders worldwide. We explored subjective cognitive functioning and mental health changes and their possible interplay related to COVID-19-lockdown. We also investigated potential risk factors to identify more vulnerable groups. Across Italy, 1215 respondents completed our Qualtrics-based online-survey during the end of a seven to 10-week imposed lockdown and home confinement (from April 29 to May 17, 2020). We found subjective cognitive functioning and mental health severely changed in association with the lockdown. Under government regulations, cognitive complaints were mostly perceived in routine tasks involving attention, temporal orientation and executive functions—with no changes in language abilities. A paradoxical effect was observed for memory, with reduced forgetfulness compared to pre-lockdown. We found higher severity and prevalence of depression, anxiety disorders, abnormal sleep, appetite changes, reduced libido and health anxiety: with mild-to-severe depression and anxiety prevalence climbing to 32 and 36 percent, respectively, under restrictions. Being female, under 45 years, working from home or being underemployed were all identified as relevant risk factors for worsening cognition and mental health. Frequent consumers of COVID-19 mass media information or residents in highly infected communities reported higher depression and anxiety symptoms, particularly hypochondria in the latter. If similar restrictions are reimposed, governments must carefully consider these more vulnerable groups in their decisions, whilst developing effective global and long-term responses to the cognitive and mental health challenges of this type of pandemic; as well as implementing appropriate psychological interventions with specific guidelines: particularly regarding exposure to COVID-19 mass-media reports.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alberto Costa
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Niccolò Cusano University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cona
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- * E-mail:
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The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pornography habits: a global analysis of Google Trends. Int J Impot Res 2020; 33:824-831. [PMID: 33249423 PMCID: PMC7699018 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-020-00380-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 spread globally, social distancing, self-isolation/quarantine, and national lockdowns have become crucial to control the pandemic. However, these measures may also lead to increases in social isolation, loneliness, and stress, which can alter the consumption of pornography habits. The aim of the study was thus to explore the interest pattern in pornography and coronavirus-themed pornography during the COVID-19 outbreak. Google Trends® was employed to determine the most popular porn websites (Porn, XNXX, PornHub, xVideos, and xHamster), and coronavirus-themed pornography worldwide and in six nations with different COVID-19 outbreak and self-isolation recommendations. We analyzed every search trend on Google® from January 9, 2020 to May 25, 2020 using “joint point regression analysis”. Comparisons of week relative search volume (WRSV) and temporal patterns were analyzed to assess the change of interest in search terms during nations lockdowns. Paired t-test was used to compare WRSV values among the porn websites during the national lockdowns and the equivalent timespan of the weeks in the previous 4 years. The research trend of almost every keyword increased with significant inflection points for those nations with a straight “stay at home orders” (China, Italy, Spain, and France). “PornHub” and “Porn” showed the highest increase of interest worldwide with an average weekend percentage change (AWPC) of 4.9 and 3.8, respectively. The mean WRSV for keywords in USA and Sweden did not show a similar increase as the other nations. The WRSV percentage change with the historical data had a peak during the straight nations’ lockdowns (p < 0.01). All the nations had a significant increase in WRSV coronavirus-themed pornography for each keyword (p < 0.01) with an AWPC, ranging worldwide between 18.5 and 61.8 (p < 0.01), after the beginning of self-quarantine. As strengths this study uses a big data technology to collect worldwide trend of interest, however, data are anonymous and do not allow analysis of subpopulation groups. In conclusion, we demonstrated an increased interest in pornography and coronavirus-themed pornography after the outbreak of COVID-19 in nations with a straight “stay at home orders”.
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Wang PW, Ko NY, Chang YP, Wu CF, Lu WH, Yen CF. Subjective Deterioration of Physical and Psychological Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Their Association with the Adoption of Protective Behaviors and Mental Health Problems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186827. [PMID: 32962052 PMCID: PMC7559552 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the proportion of individuals who reported the deterioration of physical and psychological health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Taiwan. Moreover, the related factors of deterioration of physical and psychological health and the association between deterioration of health and adoption of protective behavior against COVID-19 and mental health problems were also examined. We recruited participants via a Facebook advertisement. We determined the subjective physical and psychological health states, cognitive and affective construct of health belief, perceived social support, mental health problems, adoption of protective behavior and demographic characteristics among 1954 respondents (1305 women and 649 men; mean age: 37.9 years with standard deviation 10.8 years). In total, 13.2% and 19.3% of respondents reported deteriorated physical and psychological health during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. Participants with higher perceived harm from COVID-19 compared with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were more likely to report the subjective deterioration of physical and psychological health, whereas respondents who were older and perceived a higher level of social support were less likely to report a deterioration of physical and psychological health. The subjective deterioration of psychological health was significantly associated with avoiding crowded places and wearing a mask. Both subjective deteriorations of physical and psychological health positively related to general anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (P.-W.W.); (C.-F.W.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Ying Ko
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ping Chang
- School of Nursing, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, New York, NY 14214-3079, USA;
| | - Chia-Fen Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (P.-W.W.); (C.-F.W.)
| | - Wei-Hsin Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City 60002, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-H.L.); (C.-F.Y.)
| | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (P.-W.W.); (C.-F.W.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-H.L.); (C.-F.Y.)
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