1
|
da Silva CCM, Santos CRDL, Céleri EP, Salles D, Fardin JM, Pussi KF, Gomes DCDO, Ribeiro VDO, Konrad-Moraes LC, Neitzke-Abreu HC, Júnior VL. An Epidemiological Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in the Sewage System of a Higher Education Institution. Ann Glob Health 2024; 90:50. [PMID: 39139447 PMCID: PMC11319693 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization declared the end of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2023, three years after the adoption of global emergency measures. Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage underscores its importance due to its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, highlighting the need to prioritize research on water resources and sanitation. Objectives: The aim of this study was to conduct an epidemiological assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in the sewage system of a higher education institution located in Vitória Espírito Santo State, Maruípe campus. Methods: Over a period of 66 days, from February 6 to April 12, 2023, 15 samples were collected. Each sample consisted of 1 L, collected in 1 hour, with 250 mL collected every 15 minutes. The samples were characterized by assessing their appearance, and pH was measured using a Horiba U-50 multiparameter probe. The extracted RNA was subjected to RT-qPCR using the Allplex™ 2019-nCovAssay Seegene kit. Results: The samples exhibited a cloudy appearance with impurities, and the pH ranged from 6.35 to 8.17. Among the evaluated samples, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in two, and, by comparing this with the epidemiological bulletin issued by the State Health Department, an increase in cases in the state was observed during the collection period of these samples. Conclusions: Sewage monitoring proved to be an important tool in this post-pandemic period, serving as an alert and prevention mechanism for the population in relation to new outbreaks. Furthermore, it represents a low-cost mapping strategy and extensive testing of a population, aligning with the studies presented at the beginning of the pandemic. We recommend specific adjustments considering distinct populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmem Cícera Maria da Silva
- PostGraduate Program in Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- Infectious Diseases Nucleous, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Rangel de Lima Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eliomar Pivante Céleri
- PostGraduate Program in Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - David Salles
- Infectious Diseases Nucleous, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Julia Miranda Fardin
- Infectious Diseases Nucleous, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Kamily Fagundes Pussi
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Vinicius de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Graduate Program Environmental and Sanitary Engineering. Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leila Cristina Konrad-Moraes
- Graduate Program Environmental and Sanitary Engineering. Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Herintha Coeto Neitzke-Abreu
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Valdemar Lacerda Júnior
- PostGraduate Program in Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Goumballa N, Hoang VT, Al-Tawfiq JA, Sokhna C, Gautret P. Evidence for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at religious mass gatherings: A systematic review. New Microbes New Infect 2024; 60-61:101442. [PMID: 38978956 PMCID: PMC11228583 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at major mass gatherings (MGs) has been observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In this systematic review done according to the PRISMA guidelines, PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for relevant studies to describe the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in relation to major religious MGs including the Grand Magal of Touba (GMT), Hajj, Umrah, Kumbh Mela, Arbaeen and Lourdes pilgrimage during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Ten articles met the inclusion criteria and were included.No cases of SARS-CoV-2 were detected at 2020 and 2021 GMT or at the 2020 Hajj. In a small study, 7 % of tested individuals were positive after the 2022 GMT. SARS-CoV-2 prevalence during the 2021-2022 Hajj and Umrah seasons varied from 0 to 15 % in different studies. At the 2021 Kumbh Mela, 0.4 million COVID-19 cases were diagnosed among returning pilgrims across India and 1 % tested positive during a one-day survey conducted on participants. During the 2021 Arbaeen pilgrimage, 3 % pilgrims were tested positive. No relevant data were found in relation to SARS-CoV-2 transmission at the 2021 Arbaeen and Lourdes pilgrimages. Conclusion The transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus during religious MG events depends on many factors such as: the number and density of pilgrims, the intensity of circulation of the virus in the hosting country and in countries sending international participants at the time of the event, the transmissibility of virus variants at the time of the event, the various preventive measures adopted, and the immune status of the pilgrims.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ndiaw Goumballa
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, AP-HM, SSA, RITMES, Marseille, France
- MINES, Campus International IRD-UCAD de L'IRD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Van Thuan Hoang
- Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Viet Nam
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Patient Safety Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, AP-HM, SSA, RITMES, Marseille, France
- MINES, Campus International IRD-UCAD de L'IRD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Philippe Gautret
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, AP-HM, SSA, RITMES, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bert F, Lo Moro G, Peano A, Previti C, Siliquini R. Outbreaks of COVID-19 in indoor places of worship: a systematic review. Perspect Public Health 2024; 144:86-97. [PMID: 36073324 DOI: 10.1177/17579139221118218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This review aimed to describe what has been published on COVID-19 outbreaks originating from indoor places of worship. METHODS A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist by searching PubMed, Scopus and Embase from 1 January 2020 to 29 March 2021. Citation chasing was also performed. Studies with information about COVID-19 outbreaks originating in indoor places of worship of any religion were included. RESULTS A total of 9729 records were identified and 36 were selected. The articles reported 119 descriptions of outbreaks linked to churches, mosques, synagogues, and temples, referring to approximately 52-74 unique outbreaks. The outbreaks were mostly located in three major areas: East and Southeast Asia (46%), the USA (27%), Europe (22%). All the outbreaks began in 2020. Mainly, there were no restrictive measures, or such measures were not followed at the time of the outbreak. Choir practices presented the highest attack rate (up to 0.867). CONCLUSIONS The lack of preventive measures and the role of singing practices were highlighted. Reports were often lacking contact tracing and sometimes did not report the date of outbreak extinction. Moreover, reports came from few geographical areas. Thus, the impact of transmission in places of worship may be largely underestimated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Bert
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G Lo Moro
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - A Peano
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - C Previti
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - R Siliquini
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Covid-19: Early Cases and Disease Spread. Ann Glob Health 2022; 88:83. [PMID: 36247198 PMCID: PMC9524236 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.3776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and global spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical to understanding how to prevent or control a future viral pandemic. We review the tools used for this retrospective search, their limits, and results obtained from China, France, Italy and the USA. We examine possible scenarios for the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in the human population. We consider the Chinese city of Wuhan where the first cases of atypical pneumonia were attributed to SARS-CoV-2 and from where the disease spread worldwide. Possible superspreading events include the Wuhan-based 7th Military World Games on October 18–27, 2019 and the Chinese New Year holidays from January 25 to February 2, 2020. Several clues point to an early regional circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in northern Italy (Lombardi) as soon as September/October 2019 and in France in November/December 2019, if not before. With the goal of preventing future pandemics, we call for additional retrospective studies designed to trace the origin of SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
|
5
|
Muller J, Tran Ba Loc P, Binder Foucard F, Borde A, Bruandet A, Le Bourhis-Zaimi M, Lenne X, Ouattara É, Séguret F, Gilleron V, Tezenas du Montcel S. Major interregional differences in France of COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality from January to June 2020. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2022; 70:265-276. [PMID: 36207228 PMCID: PMC9468311 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
6
|
Korencak M, Sivalingam S, Sahu A, Dressen D, Schmidt A, Brand F, Krawitz P, Hart L, Maria Eis-Hübinger A, Buness A, Streeck H. Reconstruction of the Origin of the First Major SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in Germany. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:2292-2296. [PMID: 35574268 PMCID: PMC9088089 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The first major COVID-19 outbreak in Germany occurred in Heinsberg in February 2020 with 388 officially reported cases. Unexpectedly, the first outbreak happened in a small town with little to no travelers. We used phylogenetic analyses to investigate the origin and spread of the virus in this outbreak. We sequenced 90 (23%) SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the 388 reported cases including the samples from the first documented cases. Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences revealed mainly two circulating strains with 74 samples assigned to lineage B.3 and 6 samples assigned to lineage B.1. Lineage B.3 was introduced first and probably caused the initial spread. Using phylogenetic analysis tools, we were able to identify closely related strains in France and hypothesized the possible introduction from France.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Korencak
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Sugirthan Sivalingam
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
- Core Unit for Bioinformatics Data Analysis, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Anshupa Sahu
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
- Core Unit for Bioinformatics Data Analysis, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Dietmar Dressen
- Labor Mönchengladbach MVZ Dr. Stein & Kollegen GbR, Tomphecke 45, Mönchengladbach 41169, Germany
| | - Axel Schmidt
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Fabian Brand
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Peter Krawitz
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Libor Hart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Henricistr. 92, Essen 45136, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Buness
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
- Core Unit for Bioinformatics Data Analysis, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Hendrik Streeck
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn 53127, Germany
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Delaugerre C, Foissac F, Abdoul H, Masson G, Choupeaux L, Dufour E, Gastli N, Delarue SM, Néré ML, Minier M, Gabassi A, Salmona M, Seguineau M, Schmitt S, Tonglet S, Olivier A, Poyart C, Le Goff J, Lescure X, Kernéis S, Tréluyer JM. Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission during a large, live, indoor gathering (SPRING): a non-inferiority, randomised, controlled trial. THE LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 22:341-348. [PMID: 34843662 PMCID: PMC8626094 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00673-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constance Delaugerre
- Service de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; Université de Paris, INSERM, U944, Paris, France.
| | - Frantz Foissac
- Unité de Recherche Clinique-Centre Investigation Clinique, APHP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France; Université de Paris, EA 7323 Pharmacologie et thérapeutique de l'enfant et de la femme enceinte, Paris, France
| | - Hendy Abdoul
- Unité de Recherche Clinique-Centre Investigation Clinique, APHP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France; Université de Paris, EA 7323 Pharmacologie et thérapeutique de l'enfant et de la femme enceinte, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Masson
- Unité de Recherche Clinique-Centre Investigation Clinique, APHP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Laure Choupeaux
- Unité de Recherche Clinique-Centre Investigation Clinique, APHP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Eric Dufour
- Unité de Recherche Clinique-Centre Investigation Clinique, APHP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Nabil Gastli
- Plateforme COVID IDF, AP-HP. Centre Université de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Marine Minier
- Service de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Gabassi
- Service de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Maud Salmona
- Service de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; Université de Paris, INSERM, Equipe INSIGHT, U976, Paris, France
| | - Malika Seguineau
- PRODISS, Syndicat national du spectacle vivant et de variété, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Schmitt
- PRODISS, Syndicat national du spectacle vivant et de variété, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Claire Poyart
- Université de Paris, INSERM, Institut Cochin 1016, Paris, France; Bactériologie, AP-HP Centre, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Jerôme Le Goff
- Service de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; Université de Paris, INSERM, Equipe INSIGHT, U976, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Lescure
- Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Université de Paris, INSERM, IAME, Paris, France
| | - Solen Kernéis
- Equipe de Prévention du Risque Infectieux, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Epidemiology and Modelling of Antibiotic Evasion, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Tréluyer
- Unité de Recherche Clinique-Centre Investigation Clinique, APHP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Highlighting the impact of social relationships on the propagation of respiratory viruses using percolation theory. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24326. [PMID: 34934152 PMCID: PMC8692486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03812-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We develop a site-bond percolation model, called PERCOVID, in order to describe the time evolution of all epidemics propagating through respiratory tract or by skin contacts in human populations. This model is based on a network of social relationships representing interconnected households experiencing governmental non-pharmaceutical interventions. As a very first testing ground, we apply our model to the understanding of the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in France from December 2019 up to December 2021. Our model shows the impact of lockdowns and curfews, as well as the influence of the progressive vaccination campaign in order to keep COVID-19 pandemic under the percolation threshold. We illustrate the role played by social interactions by comparing two typical scenarios with low or high strengths of social relationships as compared to France during the first wave in March 2020. We investigate finally the role played by the α and δ variants in the evolution of the epidemic in France till autumn 2021, paying particular attention to the essential role played by the vaccination. Our model predicts that the rise of the epidemic observed in July and August 2021 would not result in a new major epidemic wave in France.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mainardi PH, Bidoia ED. Challenges and emerging perspectives of an international SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological surveillance in wastewater. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20210163. [PMID: 34878048 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a new type of coronavirus capable to infect humans and cause the severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19, a disease that has been causing huge impacts across the Earth. COVID-19 patients, including mild, pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic cases, were often seen to contain infectious fragments of SARS-CoV-2 in feces and urine samples. Therefore, studies to detect the new coronavirus in wastewater, which collect and concentrate human excreta, have been extremely useful as a viral tracking tool in communities. This type of monitoring, in addition to serve as a non-invasive early warning of COVID-19 outbreaks, would provide better predictions about the SARS-CoV-2 spread and strongly contribute to maintenance the global health. Although current methods to detect viruses in wastewater, based on molecular RT-PCR and RT-qPCR techniques, were considered as reliable and provided accurate qualitative and quantitative results, they have been facing considerable challenges concerning the SARS-CoV-2 surveillance. In this review, the methods used to detect the SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and the challenges to implement an international viral monitoring network were described. The article also addressed the emerging perspectives associated with the SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological surveillance in this environment and the importance of a worldwide collaboration to generate and disseminate the detection results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Mainardi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho /UNESP, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Ederio D Bidoia
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho /UNESP, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pilkington H, Feuillet T, Rican S, Goupil de Bouillé J, Bouchaud O, Cailhol J, Bihan H, Lombrail P, Julia C. Spatial determinants of excess all-cause mortality during the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in France. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2157. [PMID: 34819057 PMCID: PMC8611998 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in France was associated with high excess mortality, and anecdotal evidence pointed to differing excess mortality patterns depending on social and environmental determinants. In this study we aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of excess mortality during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in France and relate it at the subnational level to contextual determinants from various dimensions (socioeconomic, population density, overall health status, healthcare access etc.). We also explored whether the determinants identified at the national level varied depending on geographical location. METHODS We used available national data on deaths in France to calculate excess mortality by department for three age groups: 0-49, 50-74 and > 74 yrs. between March 1st and April 27th, 2020. We selected 15 variables at the department level that represent four dimensions that may be related to overall mortality at the ecological level, two representing population-level vulnerabilities (morbidity, social deprivation) and two representing environmental-level vulnerabilities (primary healthcare supply, urbanization). We modelled excess mortality by age group for our contextual variables at the department level. We conducted both a global (i.e., country-wide) analysis and a multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model to account for the spatial variations in excess mortality. RESULTS In both age groups, excess all-cause mortality was significantly higher in departments where urbanization was higher (50-74 yrs.: β = 15.33, p < 0.001; > 74 yrs.: β = 18.24, p < 0.001) and the supply of primary healthcare providers lower (50-74 yrs.: β = - 8.10, p < 0.001; > 74 yrs.: β = - 8.27, p < 0.001). In the 50-74 yrs. age group, excess mortality was negatively associated with the supply of pharmacists (β = - 3.70, p < 0.02) and positively associated with work-related mobility (β = 4.62, p < 0.003); in the > 74 yrs. age group our measures of deprivation (β = 15.46, p < 0.05) and morbidity (β = 0.79, p < 0.008) were associated with excess mortality. Associations between excess mortality and contextual variables varied significantly across departments for both age groups. CONCLUSIONS Public health strategies aiming at mitigating the effects of future epidemics should consider all dimensions involved to develop efficient and locally tailored policies within the context of an evolving, socially and spatially complex situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Pilkington
- Département de Géographie, Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis, UMR7533 Ladyss, 2 rue de la Liberté, F-93526, Saint-Denis, France.
| | - Thierry Feuillet
- Département de Géographie, Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis, UMR7533 Ladyss, 2 rue de la Liberté, F-93526, Saint-Denis, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Stéphane Rican
- Département de Géographie-Aménagement, Université Paris Nanterre, UMR7533 Ladyss, 200 avenue de la République, F-9200, Nanterre, France
| | - Jeanne Goupil de Bouillé
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Avicenne Hospital (AP-HP), Bobigny, France
- LEPS, Laboratoire Educations Pratiques Santé, UR3412, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord Bobigny, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Olivier Bouchaud
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Avicenne Hospital (AP-HP), Bobigny, France
- LEPS, Laboratoire Educations Pratiques Santé, UR3412, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord Bobigny, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Johann Cailhol
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Avicenne Hospital (AP-HP), Bobigny, France
- LEPS, Laboratoire Educations Pratiques Santé, UR3412, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord Bobigny, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Hélène Bihan
- LEPS, Laboratoire Educations Pratiques Santé, UR3412, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord Bobigny, Villetaneuse, France
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic diseases Department, Avicenne Hospital (AP-HP), Bobigny, France
| | - Pierre Lombrail
- LEPS, Laboratoire Educations Pratiques Santé, UR3412, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord Bobigny, Villetaneuse, France
- Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital (AP-HP), Bobigny, France
| | - Chantal Julia
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
- Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital (AP-HP), Bobigny, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Épidémiologie de la COVID-19, focus sur le pôle de gériatrie des hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg. NPG NEUROLOGIE - PSYCHIATRIE - GÉRIATRIE 2021. [PMCID: PMC8188508 DOI: 10.1016/j.npg.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dans cet article, les auteurs proposent une synthèse concernant l’épidémiologie de la COVID-19, maladie responsable d’une pandémie mondiale depuis son émergence en décembre 2019. L’objectif est d’évoquer les personnes âgées, particulièrement impactées, étant donné que l’âge supérieur à 65 ans et les comorbidités sont des facteurs de risque de formes graves. En France, 90 % des décès ont touché la population âgée. Il s’agit également de faire un focus sur la situation du pôle de gériatrie des hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg où, lors de la première vague épidémique, la mortalité a été de 35 % en gériatrie aiguë et de 25 % en USLD. Après la survenue de 100 000 décès en France, l’espoir est grand de contrôler l’épidémie grâce à la stratégie vaccinale.
Collapse
|
12
|
Domènech-Montoliu S, Pac-Sa MR, Vidal-Utrillas P, Latorre-Poveda M, Del Rio-González A, Ferrando-Rubert S, Ferrer-Abad G, Sánchez-Urbano M, Aparisi-Esteve L, Badenes-Marques G, Cervera-Ferrer B, Clerig-Arnau U, Dols-Bernad C, Fontal-Carcel M, Gomez-Lanas L, Jovani-Sales D, León-Domingo MC, Llopico-Vilanova MD, Moros-Blasco M, Notari-Rodríguez C, Ruíz-Puig R, Valls-López S, Arnedo-Pena A. "Mass gathering events and COVID-19 transmission in Borriana (Spain): A retrospective cohort study". PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256747. [PMID: 34437628 PMCID: PMC8389516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mass gathering events (MGEs) are associated with the transmission of COVID-19. Between 6 and 10 March 2020, several MGEs related to the Falles festival took place in Borriana, a municipality in the province of Castellon (Spain). The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 and its association with these MGEs, and to quantify the potential risk factors of its occurrence. METHODS During May and June 2020, a population-based retrospective cohort study was carried out by the Public Health Center of Castelló and the Hospital de la Plana in Vila-real. Participants were obtained from a representative sample of 1663 people with potential exposure at six MGEs. A questionnaire survey was carried out to obtain information about attendance at MGEs and COVID-19 disease. In addition, a serologic survey of antibodies against SARS-Cov-2 was implemented. Inverse probability weighted regression was used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 1338 subjects participated in the questionnaire survey (80.5%), 997 of whom undertook the serologic survey. Five hundred and seventy cases were observed with an attack rate (AR) of 42.6%; average age was 36 years, 62.3% were female, 536 cases were confirmed by laboratory tests, and 514 cases were found with SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies. Considering MGE exposure, AR was 39.2% (496/1264). A dose-response relationship was found between MGE attendance and the disease, (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 4.11 95% confidence interval [CI]3.25-5.19). Two MGEs with a dinner and dance in the same building had higher risks. Associated risk factors with the incidence were older age, obesity, and upper and middle class versus lower class; current smoking was protective. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests the significance of MGEs in the COVID-19 transmission that could explain the subsequent outbreak in Borriana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lorna Gomez-Lanas
- Emergency Service, Hospital de la Plana, Vila-real, Castellon, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Raquel Ruíz-Puig
- Emergency Service, Hospital de la Plana, Vila-real, Castellon, Spain
| | - Sonia Valls-López
- Emergency Service, Hospital de la Plana, Vila-real, Castellon, Spain
| | - Alberto Arnedo-Pena
- Public Health Center, Castelló de la Plana, Castellon, Spain
- Department of Health Science, Public University Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Linked transmission chains of imported SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.351 across mainland France, January 2021. Euro Surveill 2021; 26:2100333. [PMID: 33797392 PMCID: PMC8017907 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.13.2100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Two cases of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection with the B.1.351 variant were reported in France in mid-January, 2020. These cases attended a gathering in Mozambique in mid-December 2020. Investigations led to the identification of five imported cases responsible for 14 transmission chains and a total 36 cases. Epidemiological characteristics seemed comparable to those described before the emergence of the South African variant B.1.351. The lack of tertiary transmission outside of the personal sphere suggests that distancing and barrier measures were effective.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sokhna C, Goumballa N, Hoang VT, Bassene H, Parola P, Gautret P. The Grand Magal of Touba was spared by the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 105:470-471. [PMID: 33434665 PMCID: PMC9183244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, all mass gathering (MG) events have been cancelled. The Grand Magal took place on October 6, 2020, in Touba, Senegal, which was the only MG event organized in 2020. This Muslim pilgrimage gathers about four million Muslim Mourides from Senegal and beyond. No significant increase in COVID-19 cases was therefore observed at the national level in the weeks following the Grand Magal. This successful strategy is an invitation to better promote community commitments by public authorities in their various strategies.
Collapse
|
15
|
Gault G, Monpierre O, Carion G, Rispal P, Royer H, Lafon ME, Habold D, Filleul L. Screening around a COVID-19 cluster: Exploring its impact on a local virus outbreak. Infect Dis Now 2021; 51:391-394. [PMID: 33781960 PMCID: PMC7997685 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In March 2020, we implemented screening of the contacts of a COVID-19 cluster having occurred in the Lot-et-Garonne department, the first department of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region to be affected by the active circulation of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to describe the impact of this screening on the local SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. METHODS All high-risk contacts, as well as the individuals living in their households, were screened. We detailed the evolution of the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the Lot-et-Garonne department and the rest of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. RESULTS Among the 89 screened individuals, 10 new cases were confirmed, including 4 asymptomatic persons. In Lot-et-Garonne, the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases immediately decreased after this screening and no epidemic peak occurred, contrary to what was observed in the rest of the region. CONCLUSION The early screening of high-risk contacts of COVID-19 cases and members of their household implemented a few days before the first lockdown probably helped to prevent the spread of the virus in the department.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Gault
- Santé publique France (SpFrance), French national public health agency, Nouvelle-Aquitaine regional office, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Olivier Monpierre
- Agence régionale de santé, Regional health agency of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Hélène Royer
- Departmental delegation of Lot-et-Garonne, Agence régionale de santé, Agen, France
| | - Marie-Edith Lafon
- Virology laboratory, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Bordeaux and CNRS UMR5234 Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Habold
- Agence régionale de santé, Regional health agency of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Filleul
- Santé publique France (SpFrance), French national public health agency, Nouvelle-Aquitaine regional office, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Carrat F, Figoni J, Henny J, Desenclos JC, Kab S, de Lamballerie X, Zins M. Evidence of early circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in France: findings from the population-based "CONSTANCES" cohort. Eur J Epidemiol 2021; 36:219-222. [PMID: 33548003 PMCID: PMC7864798 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-020-00716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Using serum samples routinely collected in 9144 adults from a French general population-based cohort, we identified 353 participants with a positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG test, among whom 13 were sampled between November 2019 and January 2020 and were confirmed by neutralizing antibodies testing. Investigations in 11 of these participants revealed experience of symptoms possibly related to a SARS-CoV-2 infection or situations at risk of potential SARS-CoV-2 exposure. This suggests early circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Carrat
- APHP, Département de Santé Publique, Inserm, Institut Pierre-Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, 27 rue Chaligny, 75571, Paris Cedex 12, France.
| | | | - Joseph Henny
- Paris University, Paris, France.,Inserm UMS 11, Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Sofiane Kab
- Paris University, Paris, France.,Inserm UMS 11, Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Emergents, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Zins
- Paris University, Paris, France.,Inserm UMS 11, Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mutiawati E, Fahriani M, Mamada SS, Fajar JK, Frediansyah A, Maliga HA, Ilmawan M, Emran TB, Ophinni Y, Ichsan I, Musadir N, Rabaan AA, Dhama K, Syahrul S, Nainu F, Harapan H. Anosmia and dysgeusia in SARS-CoV-2 infection: incidence and effects on COVID-19 severity and mortality, and the possible pathobiology mechanisms - a systematic review and meta-analysis. F1000Res 2021; 10:40. [PMID: 33824716 PMCID: PMC7993408 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.28393.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to determine the global prevalence of anosmia and dysgeusia in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and to assess their association with severity and mortality of COVID-19. Moreover, this study aimed to discuss the possible pathobiological mechanisms of anosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19. Methods: Available articles from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and preprint databases (MedRxiv, BioRxiv, and Researchsquare) were searched on November 10th, 2020. Data on the characteristics of the study (anosmia, dysgeusia, and COVID-19) were extracted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess research quality. Moreover, the pooled prevalence of anosmia and dysgeusia were calculated, and the association between anosmia and dysgeusia in presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was assessed using the Z test. Results: Out of 32,142 COVID-19 patients from 107 studies, anosmia was reported in 12,038 patients with a prevalence of 38.2% (95% CI: 36.5%, 47.2%); whereas, dysgeusia was reported in 11,337 patients out of 30,901 COVID-19 patients from 101 studies, with prevalence of 36.6% (95% CI: 35.2%, 45.2%), worldwide. Furthermore, the prevalence of anosmia was 10.2-fold higher (OR: 10.21; 95% CI: 6.53, 15.96, p < 0.001) and that of dysgeusia was 8.6-fold higher (OR: 8.61; 95% CI: 5.26, 14.11, p < 0.001) in COVID-19 patients compared to those with other respiratory infections or COVID-19 like illness. To date, no study has assessed the association of anosmia and dysgeusia with severity and mortality of COVID-19. Conclusion: Anosmia and dysgeusia are prevalent in COVID-19 patients compared to those with the other non-COVID-19 respiratory infections. Several possible mechanisms have been hypothesized; however, future studies are warranted to elucidate the definitive mechanisms of anosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19. Protocol registration: PROSPERO CRD42020223204.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Endang Mutiawati
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Marhami Fahriani
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Sukamto S. Mamada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Jonny Karunia Fajar
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Brawijaya Internal Medicine Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Andri Frediansyah
- Research Division for Natural Product Technology (BPTBA), Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Wonosari, 55861, Indonesia
| | | | - Muhammad Ilmawan
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65117, Indonesia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong-4381, Bangladesh
| | - Youdiil Ophinni
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ichsan Ichsan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Nasrul Musadir
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, 31311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Syahrul Syahrul
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|