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Nafees M, Ullah S, Ahmed I. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and biochar as bioeffectors and bioalleviators of drought stress in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:653-666. [PMID: 37940775 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants are subjected to a variety of abiotic stressors, including drought stress, that are fatal to their growth and ability to produce under natural conditions. Therefore, the present study was intended to investigate the drought tolerance potential of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plants under the co-application of biochar and rhizobacteria, Cellulomonas pakistanensis (National Culture Collection of Pakistan (NCCP)11) and Sphingobacterium pakistanensis (NCCP246). The experiment was initiated by sowing the inoculated seeds with the aforementioned rhizobacterial strains in earthen pots filled with 3 kg of sand-mixed soil and 5% biochar. The morphology of biochar was observed with highly porous nature, along with the detection of various essential elements. The biochemical and physiological data showed that phenolic compounds and osmolytes were adversely affected by the induction of drought stress. However, the application of biochar and rhizobacteria boosted the level of flavonoids on average by 52.03%, total phenols by 50.67%, soluble sugar by 82.85%, proline by 76.81%, glycine betaine by 107.25%, and total protein contents by 89.18% in all co-treatments of biochar and rhizobacteria. In addition, stress indicator compounds, including malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and H2O2, were remarkably alleviated by 54.21% and 47.03%, respectively. Similarly, the amplitude of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase was also enhanced by 63.80%, 80.95%, 37.87%, and 58.20%, respectively, in all co-treatments of rhizobacteria and biochar. Conclusively, biochar and rhizobacteria have a magnificent role in enhancing the drought tolerance potential of crop plants by boosting the physio-biochemical traits and enhancing the level of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nafees
- Plant Physiology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK-25120, Pakistan.
| | - Sami Ullah
- Plant Physiology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK-25120, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmed
- National Culture Collection of Pakistan (NCCP), Land Resources Research Institute (LRRI), National Agriculture Research Center (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad-45500, Pakistan
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2
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Agunbiade VF, Babalola OO. Drought Stress Amelioration Attributes of Plant-Associated Microbiome on Agricultural Plants. Bioinform Biol Insights 2024; 18:11779322241233442. [PMID: 38464334 PMCID: PMC10924568 DOI: 10.1177/11779322241233442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The future global food security depends on the availability of water for agriculture. Yet, the ongoing rise in nonagricultural uses for water, such as urban and industrial uses, and growing environmental quality concerns have increased pressure of irrigation water demand and posed danger to food security. Nevertheless, its severity and duration are predicted to rise shortly. Drought pressure causes stunted growth, severe damage to photosynthesis activity, loss in crop yield, reduced seed germination, and reduced nutrient intake by plants. To overcome the effects of a devastating drought on plants, it is essential to think about the causes, mechanisms of action, and long-term agronomy management and genetics. As a result, there is an urgent need for long-term medication to deal with the harmful effects of drought pressure. The review focuses on the adverse impact of drought on the plant, physiological, and biochemical aspects, and management measures to control the severity of drought conditions. This article reviews the role of genome editing (GE) technologies such as CRISPR 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) related spaces and short palindromic relapse between proteins in reducing the effects of phytohormones, osmolytes, external compounds, proteins, microbes (plant growth-promoting microorganism [PGPM]), approach omics, and drought on plants that support plant growth. This research is to examine the potential of using the microbiome associated with plants for drought resistance and sustainable agriculture. Researchers also advocate using a mix of biotechnology, agronomic, and advanced GE technologies to create drought-tolerant plant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Funso Agunbiade
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
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3
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Saiyam D, Dubey A, Malla MA, Kumar A. Lipopeptides from Bacillus: unveiling biotechnological prospects-sources, properties, and diverse applications. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:281-295. [PMID: 38216798 PMCID: PMC10920585 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacillus sp. has proven to be a goldmine of diverse bioactive lipopeptides, finding wide-range of industrial applications. This review highlights the importance of three major families of lipopeptides (iturin, fengycin, and surfactin) produced by Bacillus sp. and their diverse activities against plant pathogens. This review also emphasizes the role of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) as significant enzymes responsible for synthesizing these lipopeptides, contributing to their peptide diversity. Literature showed that these lipopeptides exhibit potent antifungal activity against various plant pathogens and highlight their specific mechanisms, such as siderophore activity, pore-forming properties, biofilm inhibition, and dislodging activity. The novelty of this review comes from its comprehensive coverage of Bacillus sp. lipopeptides, their production, classification, mechanisms of action, and potential applications in plant protection. It also emphasizes the importance of ongoing research for developing new and enhanced antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, this review article highlights the need for future research to improve the production efficiency of these lipopeptides for commercial applications. It recognizes the potential for these lipopeptides to expand the field of biological pest management for both existing and emerging plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Saiyam
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, MP, India
| | - Anamika Dubey
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, MP, India
| | - Muneer Ahmad Malla
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, MP, India
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, MP, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, MP, India.
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad (A Central University), Prayagraj, 211002, UP, India.
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4
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Afridi MS, Kumar A, Javed MA, Dubey A, de Medeiros FHV, Santoyo G. Harnessing root exudates for plant microbiome engineering and stress resistance in plants. Microbiol Res 2024; 279:127564. [PMID: 38071833 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses adversely affect plant's growth and production. Under stress, one of the main responses of plants is the modulation of exudates excreted in the rhizosphere, which consequently leads to alterations in the resident microbiota. Thus, the exudates discharged into the rhizospheric environment play a preponderant role in the association and formation of plant-microbe interactions. In this review, we aimed to provide a synthesis of the latest and most pertinent literature on the diverse biochemical and structural compositions of plant root exudates. Also, this work investigates into their multifaceted role in microbial nutrition and intricate signaling processes within the rhizosphere, which includes quorum-sensing molecules. Specifically, it explores the contributions of low molecular weight compounds, such as carbohydrates, phenolics, organic acids, amino acids, and secondary metabolites, as well as the significance of high molecular weight compounds, including proteins and polysaccharides. It also discusses the state-of-the-art omics strategies that unveil the vital role of root exudates in plant-microbiome interactions, including defense against pathogens like nematodes and fungi. We propose multiple challenges and perspectives, including exploiting plant root exudates for host-mediated microbiome engineering. In this discourse, root exudates and their derived interactions with the rhizospheric microbiota should receive greater attention due to their positive influence on plant health and stress mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Siddique Afridi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras, CP3037, 37200-900 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar 470003, MP, India
| | - Muhammad Ammar Javed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Anamika Dubey
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar 470003, MP, India
| | | | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58030 Morelia, Mexico.
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Gu Z, Hu C, Gan Y, Zhou J, Tian G, Gao L. Role of Microbes in Alleviating Crop Drought Stress: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:384. [PMID: 38337917 PMCID: PMC10857462 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress is an annual global phenomenon that has devastating effects on crop production, so numerous studies have been conducted to improve crop drought resistance. Plant-associated microbiota play a crucial role in crop health and growth; however, we have a limited understanding of the key processes involved in microbiome-induced crop adaptation to drought stress. In this review, we summarize the adverse effects of drought stress on crop growth in terms of germination, photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, biomass, and yield, with a focus on the response of soil microbial communities to drought stress and plant-microbe interactions under drought stress. Moreover, we review the morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms underlying the mitigation effect of microbes on crop drought stress. Finally, we highlight future research directions, including the characterization of specific rhizosphere microbiome species with corresponding root exudates and the efficiency of rhizobacteria inoculants under drought conditions. Such research will advance our understanding of the complex interactions between crops and microbes and improve crop resistance to drought stress through the application of beneficial drought-adaptive microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechen Gu
- Engineering and Technical Center for Modern Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China;
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China; (C.H.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Chengji Hu
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China; (C.H.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Yuxin Gan
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China; (C.H.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Jinyan Zhou
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China; (C.H.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Guangli Tian
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China; (C.H.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Limin Gao
- Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Hilly Area, Nanjing 210014, China
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6
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Liang Y, Wei F, Qin S, Li M, Hu Y, Lin Y, Wei G, Wei K, Miao J, Zhang Z. Sophora tonkinensis: response and adaptation of physiological characteristics, functional traits, and secondary metabolites to drought stress. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:1109-1120. [PMID: 37815250 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Sophora tonkinensis is a characteristic Chinese shrub of karst areas. The arid climate in karst areas produces high-quality S. tonkinensis; however, the mechanisms of drought tolerance are not clear, which restricts sustainable plantings of S. tonkinensis. This study involved a 20-day drought stress experiment with potted S. tonkinensis and threee soil water regimes: control (CK), mild drought (MDT), and severe drought (SDT). Plant morphology, biomass, physiological indicators, alkaloid content, and other changes under drought stress were monitored. The content of soluble sugars and proteins, and activity of antioxidant enzymes in leaves and roots were higher under drought than CK, indicating that S. tonkinensis is tolerant to osmotic stress in early drought stages. Content of matrine and oxymatrine increased gradually with increasing drought duration in the short term. The epidermis of S. tonkinensis leaves have characteristics of desert plants, including upper epidermal waxy layer, lower epidermal villi, and relatively sunken stomata, suggesting that S. tonkinensis has strong drought tolerance. In conclusion, drought stress changed the cell structure of S. tonkinensis, induced antioxidant enzyme activity and increased its resistance to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liang
- National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - F Wei
- National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - S Qin
- National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - M Li
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Y Hu
- National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Y Lin
- National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - G Wei
- National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - K Wei
- National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - J Miao
- National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Z Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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7
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Juby S, Krishnankutty RE, Kochupurakkal J. Drought-Alleviating Effects of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Xerophytic Plants on Capsicum annuum L. Seedlings. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:403. [PMID: 37930407 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, 51 endophytic bacteria were isolated from 5 different xerophytic plants. Their drought tolerance properties were screened in vitro, and from these, four endophytes with tolerance up to - 1.5 MPa water potential were further selected and identified as Acinetobacter sp. Eo3, Pseudomonas sp. Ni5, Bacillus safensis Ni7, and Stenotrophomonas sp. C3. Due to biosafety concern, Acinetobacter sp. Eo3 and Pseudomonas sp. Ni5 were excluded from further investigation, while B. safensis Ni7 and Stenotrophomonas sp. C3 were subjected to detailed study. The drought tolerance properties of these endophytes were evaluated in vivo using Capsicum annuum L. by analysing the growth parameters (leaf number, root number, shoot length, and plant fresh weight) as well as physiological and biochemical parameters (stomatal index, relative water content, chlorophyll content, and carbohydrate accumulation) of bacteria-treated and control seedlings. Here, treatment with B. safensis Ni7 and Stenotrophomonas sp. C3 was found to result in statistically significant enhancement (P ≤ 0.001) of the measured parameters of plants when compared with the control groups. In the case of fresh weight itself, Ni7 and C3 treatment was found to result in values of 157.76 and 142.8 mg, respectively, and was statistically significant enhancement as the same for nutrient broth and distilled water control were 73.3 mg and 70.5 mg only. Additionally, the endophyte-treated seedlings displayed significant improvement in other growth parameters even under induced drought stress. These findings highlight the potential of xerophytic-derived bacterial endophytes to have significant role in mitigating the drought stress effects in plants with the promises for field application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silju Juby
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills (PO), Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
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Shaffique S, Hussain S, Kang SM, Imran M, Injamum-Ul-Hoque M, Khan MA, Lee IJ. Phytohormonal modulation of the drought stress in soybean: outlook, research progress, and cross-talk. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1237295. [PMID: 37929163 PMCID: PMC10623132 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1237295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones play vital roles in stress modulation and enhancing the growth of plants. They interact with one another to produce programmed signaling responses by regulating gene expression. Environmental stress, including drought stress, hampers food and energy security. Drought is abiotic stress that negatively affects the productivity of the crops. Abscisic acid (ABA) acts as a prime controller during an acute transient response that leads to stomatal closure. Under long-term stress conditions, ABA interacts with other hormones, such as jasmonic acid (JA), gibberellins (GAs), salicylic acid (SA), and brassinosteroids (BRs), to promote stomatal closure by regulating genetic expression. Regarding antagonistic approaches, cytokinins (CK) and auxins (IAA) regulate stomatal opening. Exogenous application of phytohormone enhances drought stress tolerance in soybean. Thus, phytohormone-producing microbes have received considerable attention from researchers owing to their ability to enhance drought-stress tolerance and regulate biological processes in plants. The present study was conducted to summarize the role of phytohormones (exogenous and endogenous) and their corresponding microbes in drought stress tolerance in model plant soybean. A total of n=137 relevant studies were collected and reviewed using different research databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifa Shaffique
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhamad Imran
- Biosafety Division, National Institute of Agriculture Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Injamum-Ul-Hoque
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Aaqil Khan
- Department of Chemical and Life Science, Qurtaba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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9
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Kaur R, Saxena S. Evaluation of drought-tolerant endophytic fungus Talaromyces purpureogenus as a bioinoculant for wheat seedlings under normal and drought-stressed circumstances. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:781-799. [PMID: 37076748 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The present work is aimed to hypothesize that fungal endophytes associated with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants can play a variety of roles in biotechnology including plant growth. Out of 67 fungal isolates, five maximum drought-tolerant isolates were used to check their various plant growth-promoting traits, antioxidants, and antifungal activities under secondary screening. Fungal isolate #8TAKS-3a exhibited the maximum drought tolerance capacity and potential to produce auxin, gibberellic acid, ACC deaminase, phosphate, zinc solubilization, ammonia, siderophore, and extracellular enzyme activities followed by #6TAKR-1a isolate. In terms of antioxidant activities, #8TAKS-3a culture also showed maximum DPPH scavenging, total antioxidant, and NO-scavenging activities. However, #6TAKR-1a exhibited maximum total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, and Fe-reducing power and also the highest growth inhibition of Aspergillus niger (ITCC 6152) and Colletotrichum sp. (ITCC 6152). Based on morphological characters and multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS), β-tubulin (TUB 2), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) genes, potent fungal isolate #8TAKS-3a was identified as Talaromyces purpureogenus. Under the in vitro conditions, T. purpureogenus (#8TAKS-3a) was used as a bioinoculant that displayed a significant increase in various physio-biochemical growth parameters under normal and stressed conditions (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that drought stress-tolerant T. purpureogenus can be further used for field testing as a growth promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjai Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, Punjab, India.
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López-Coria M, Guzmán-Chávez F, Carvente-García R, Muñoz-Chapul D, Sánchez-Sánchez T, Arciniega-Ruíz JM, King-Díaz B, Sánchez-Nieto S. Maize plant expresses SWEET transporters differently when interacting with Trichoderma asperellum and Fusarium verticillioides, two fungi with different lifestyles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1253741. [PMID: 37828934 PMCID: PMC10565004 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1253741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Most Trichoderma species are beneficial fungi that promote plant growth and resistance, while Fusarium genera cause several crop damages. During the plant-fungi interaction there is a competition for sugars in both lifestyles. Here we analyzed the plant growth promotion and biocontrol activity of T. asperellum against F. verticillioides and the effect of both fungi on the expression of the maize diffusional sugar transporters, the SWEETs. The biocontrol activity was done in two ways, the first was by observing the growth capacity of both fungus in a dual culture. The second one by analyzing the infection symptoms, the chlorophyl content and the transcript levels of defense genes determined by qPCR in plants with different developmental stages primed with T. asperellum conidia and challenged with F. verticillioides. In a dual culture, T. asperellum showed antagonist activity against F. verticillioides. In the primed plants a delay in the infection disease was observed, they sustained chlorophyll content even after the infection, and displayed upregulated defense-related genes. Additionally, the T. asperellum primed plants had longer stems than the nonprimed plants. SWEETs transcript levels were analyzed by qPCR in plants primed with either fungus. Both fungi affect the transcript levels of several maize sugar transporters differently. T. asperellum increases the expression of six SWEETs on leaves and two at the roots and causes a higher exudation of sucrose, glucose, and fructose at the roots. On the contrary, F. verticillioides reduces the expression of the SWEETs on the leaves, and more severely when a more aggressive strain is in the plant. Our results suggest that the plant is able to recognize the lifestyle of the fungi and respond accordingly by changing the expression of several genes, including the SWEETs, to establish a new sugar flux.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sobeida Sánchez-Nieto
- Dpto. de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Conjunto E. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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11
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Soliman SA, Abdelhameed RE, Metwally RA. In vivo and In vitro evaluation of the antifungal activity of the PGPR Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RaSh1 (MZ945930) against Alternaria alternata with growth promotion influences on Capsicum annuum L. plants. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:70. [PMID: 37055827 PMCID: PMC10103514 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternaria alternata that threatens pepper production and causes major economic harm is responsible for the leaf spot/blight disease. Chemical fungicides have been widely employed; unfortunately, fungicidal resistance is a current concern. Therefore, finding new environmentally friendly biocontrol agents is a future challenge. One of these friendly solutions is the use of bacterial endophytes that have been identified as a source of bioactive compounds. The current study investigates the in vivo and in vitro fungicidal potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RaSh1 (MZ945930) against pathogenic A. alternata. In vitro, the results revealed that RaSh1 exhibited strong antagonistic activity against A. alternata. In addition to this, we inoculated pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants with B. amyloliquefaciens RaSh1 and infected them with A. alternata. As a result of A. alternata infection, which generated the highest leaf spot disease incidence (DI), the plant's growth indices and physio-biochemical characteristics significantly decreased, according to our findings. Our results also showed the abnormal and deformed cell structure using light and electron microscopy of A. alternata-infected leaves compared with other treatments. However, DI was greatly reduced with B. amyloliquefaciens RaSh1 application (40%) compared to pepper plants infected with A. alternata (80%), and this led to the largest increases in all identified physio-biochemical parameters, including the activity of the defense-related enzymes. Moreover, inoculation of pepper plants with B. amyloliquefaciens RaSh1 decreased electrolyte leakage by 19.53% and MDA content by 38.60% as compared to A. alternata infected ones. Our results show that the endophyte B. amyloliquefaciens RaSh1 has excellent potential as a biocontrol agent and positively affects pepper plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen A Soliman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Reda E Abdelhameed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Rabab A Metwally
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
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Ayilara MS, Adeleke BS, Babalola OO. Bioprospecting and Challenges of Plant Microbiome Research for Sustainable Agriculture, a Review on Soybean Endophytic Bacteria. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:1113-1135. [PMID: 36319743 PMCID: PMC10156819 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This review evaluates oilseed crop soybean endophytic bacteria, their prospects, and challenges for sustainable agriculture. Soybean is one of the most important oilseed crops with about 20-25% protein content and 20% edible oil production. The ability of soybean root-associated microbes to restore soil nutrients enhances crop yield. Naturally, the soybean root endosphere harbors root nodule bacteria, and endophytic bacteria, which help increase the nitrogen pool and reclamation of another nutrient loss in the soil for plant nutrition. Endophytic bacteria can sustain plant growth and health by exhibiting antibiosis against phytopathogens, production of enzymes, phytohormone biosynthesis, organic acids, and secondary metabolite secretions. Considerable effort in the agricultural industry is focused on multifunctional concepts and bioprospecting on the use of bioinput from endophytic microbes to ensure a stable ecosystem. Bioprospecting in the case of this review is a systemic overview of the biorational approach to harness beneficial plant-associated microbes to ensure food security in the future. Progress in this endeavor is limited by available techniques. The use of molecular techniques in unraveling the functions of soybean endophytic bacteria can explore their use in integrated organic farming. Our review brings to light the endophytic microbial dynamics of soybeans and current status of plant microbiome research for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modupe Stella Ayilara
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Bartholomew Saanu Adeleke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Science, Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, PMB 353, Okitipupa, Nigeria
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
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Ogbe AA, Gupta S, Stirk WA, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Growth-Promoting Characteristics of Fungal and Bacterial Endophytes Isolated from a Drought-Tolerant Mint Species Endostemon obtusifolius (E. Mey. ex Benth.) N. E. Br. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12030638. [PMID: 36771720 PMCID: PMC9921005 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Endophytes are primarily endosymbiotic bacteria and fungi that colonize the interior tissues of their host plant. They enhance the host plant's growth and attenuate adverse effects of biological stress. Endophytic species of many indigenous plants are an untapped resource of plant growth-promoting microorganisms that can mitigate abiotic stress effects. Thus, this study aimed to isolate endophytes from the roots and leaves of the medicinal plant Endostemon obtusifolius to evaluate their in vitro growth-promoting capacities and drought tolerance and to characterize the most promising species. Twenty-six endophytes (fourteen bacteria and twelve fungi) were isolated and cultured from the roots and leaves of E. obtusifolius. All 26 endophytes produced flavonoids, and 14 strains produced phenolic compounds. Of the 11 strains that displayed good free radical scavenging capability (low IC50) in the 1-1-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, only three strains could not survive the highest drought stress treatment (40% polyethylene glycol). These 11 strains were all positive for ammonia and siderophore production and only one strain failed to produce hydrogen cyanide and solubilize phosphate. Seven isolates showed aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity and differentially synthesized indole-3-acetic acid. Using molecular tools, two promising symbiotic, drought stress tolerant, and plant growth-enhancing endophytic species (EORB-2 and EOLF-5) were identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa and Fusarium oxysporum. The results of this study demonstrate that P. polymyxa and F. oxysporum should be further investigated for their drought stress mitigation and plant growth enhancement effects as they have the potential to be developed for use in sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulazeez A. Ogbe
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
- Department of Botany, Lagos State University, Km 15, Badagry Expressway, Lasu Post Office, Ojo, P.O. Box 0001, Lagos 102101, Nigeria
| | - Shubhpriya Gupta
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Wendy A. Stirk
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Jeffrey F. Finnie
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
- Correspondence:
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Prasad JK, Dey R, Raghuwanshi R. Exopolysaccharide-Producing Rhizospheric Bacteria Enhance Yield via Promoting Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Growth at Early Stages. Microbiology (Reading) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261721102622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Khan A, Ali S, Khan M, Hamayun M, Moon YS. Parthenium hysterophorus's Endophytes: The Second Layer of Defense against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2217. [PMID: 36363809 PMCID: PMC9696505 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Parthenium hysterophorus L. is considered an obnoxious weed due to its rapid dispersal, fast multiplications, and agricultural and health hazards. In addition to its physio-molecular and phytotoxic allelochemical usage, this weed most probably uses endophytic flora as an additional line of defense to deal with stressful conditions and tolerate both biotic and abiotic stresses. The aim of this article is to report the diversity of endophytic flora (fungi and bacteria) in P. hysterophorus and their role in the stress mitigation (biotic and abiotic) of other important crops. Various endophytes were reported from P. hysterophorus and their roles in crops evaluated under biotic and abiotic stressed conditions. These endophytes have the potential to alleviate different stresses by improving crops/plants growth, development, biomass, and photosynthetic and other physiological traits. The beneficial role of the endophytes may be attributed to stress-modulating enzymes such as the antioxidants SOD, POD and APX and ACC deaminases. Additionally, the higher production of different classes of bioactive secondary metabolites, i.e., flavonoids, proline, and glutathione may also overcome tissue damage to plants under stressed conditions. Interestingly, a number of medicinally important phytochemicals such as anhydropseudo-phlegmcin-9, 10-quinone-3-amino-8-O methyl ether 'anhydropseudophlegmacin-9, 10-quinone-3-amino-8-Omethyl ether were reported from the endophytic flora of P. hysterophorus. Moreover, various reports revealed that fungal and bacterial endophytes of P. hysterophorus enhance plant growth-promoting attributes and could be added to the consortium of biofertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Khan
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Department of Botany, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
| | - Murtaza Khan
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Yong-Sun Moon
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
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Tufail MA, Ayyub M, Irfan M, Shakoor A, Chibani CM, Schmitz RA. Endophytic bacteria perform better than endophytic fungi in improving plant growth under drought stress: A meta-comparison spanning 12 years (2010-2021). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13806. [PMID: 36271716 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a serious issue that affects agricultural productivity all around the world. Several researchers have reported using plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria to enhance the drought resistance of crops. However, how endophytic bacteria and endophytic fungi are effectively stimulating plant growth under drought stress is still largely unknown. In this article, a global meta-analysis was undertaken to compare the plant growth-promoting effects of bacterial and fungal endophytes and to identify the processes by which both types of endophytes stimulate plant growth under drought stress. Moreover, this meta-analysis enlightens how plant growth promotion varies across crop types (C3 vs. C4 and monocot vs. dicot), experiment types (in vitro vs. pots vs. field), and the inoculation methods (seed vs. seedling). Specifically, this research included 75 peer-reviewed publications, 170 experiments, 20 distinct bacterial genera, and eight fungal classes. On average, both endophytic bacterial and fungal inoculation increased plant dry and fresh biomass under drought stress. The effect of endophytic bacterial inoculation on plant dry biomass, shoot dry biomass, root length, photosynthetic rate, leaf area, and gibberellins productions were at least two times greater than that of fungal inoculation. In addition, under drought stress, bacterial inoculation increased the proline content of C4 plants. Overall, the findings of this meta-analysis indicate that both endophytic bacterial and fungal inoculation of plants is beneficial under drought conditions, but the extent of benefit is higher with endophytic bacteria inoculation but it varies across crop type, experiment type, and inoculation method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhaimen Ayyub
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Awais Shakoor
- Teagasc, Environment, Soils, and Land-Use Department, Wexford, Ireland
| | | | - Ruth A Schmitz
- Institute for Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Kamran M, Imran QM, Ahmed MB, Falak N, Khatoon A, Yun BW. Endophyte-Mediated Stress Tolerance in Plants: A Sustainable Strategy to Enhance Resilience and Assist Crop Improvement. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203292. [PMID: 36291157 PMCID: PMC9600683 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stresses severely affect agriculture by affecting crop productivity, soil fertility, and health. These stresses may have significant financial repercussions, necessitating a practical, cost-effective, and ecologically friendly approach to lessen their negative impacts on plants. Several agrochemicals, such as fertilizers, pesticides, and insecticides, are used to improve plant health and protection; however, these chemical supplements have serious implications for human health. Plants being sessile cannot move or escape to avoid stress. Therefore, they have evolved to develop highly beneficial interactions with endophytes. The targeted use of beneficial plant endophytes and their role in combating biotic and abiotic stresses are gaining attention. Therefore, it is important to experimentally validate these interactions and determine how they affect plant fitness. This review highlights research that sheds light on how endophytes help plants tolerate biotic and abiotic stresses through plant–symbiont and plant–microbiota interactions. There is a great need to focus research efforts on this vital area to achieve a system-level understanding of plant–microbe interactions that occur naturally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kamran
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, M310, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Qari Muhammad Imran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Biophysics, Umea University, 90187 Umea, Sweden
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Division of Plant Biosciences, College of Agriculture and & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Muhammad Bilal Ahmed
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Noreen Falak
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Division of Plant Biosciences, College of Agriculture and & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Amna Khatoon
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Division of Plant Biosciences, College of Agriculture and & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (B.-W.Y.)
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Chaudhary P, Agri U, Chaudhary A, Kumar A, Kumar G. Endophytes and their potential in biotic stress management and crop production. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:933017. [PMID: 36325026 PMCID: PMC9618965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.933017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotic stress is caused by harmful microbes that prevent plants from growing normally and also having numerous negative effects on agriculture crops globally. Many biotic factors such as bacteria, fungi, virus, weeds, insects, and nematodes are the major constrains of stress that tends to increase the reactive oxygen species that affect the physiological and molecular functioning of plants and also led to the decrease in crop productivity. Bacterial and fungal endophytes are the solution to overcome the tasks faced with conventional farming, and these are environment friendly microbial commodities that colonize in plant tissues without causing any damage. Endophytes play an important role in host fitness, uptake of nutrients, synthesis of phytohormone and diminish the injury triggered by pathogens via antibiosis, production of lytic enzymes, secondary metabolites, and hormone activation. They are also reported to help plants in coping with biotic stress, improving crops and soil health, respectively. Therefore, usage of endophytes as biofertilizers and biocontrol agent have developed an eco-friendly substitute to destructive chemicals for plant development and also in mitigation of biotic stress. Thus, this review highlighted the potential role of endophytes as biofertilizers, biocontrol agent, and in mitigation of biotic stress for maintenance of plant development and soil health for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Chaudhary
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Upasana Agri
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Ashish Kumar
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Govind Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India
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Tian L, Hu S, Wang X, Guo Y, Huang L, Wang L, Li W. Antagonism of Rhizosphere Streptomyces yangpuensis CM253 against the Pathogenic Fungi Causing Corm Rot in Saffron ( Crocus sativus L.). Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101195. [PMID: 36297252 PMCID: PMC9607649 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases lead to a significant decline in the output and quality of Chinese herbal medicines. Actinomycetes play a vital role in the rhizosphere ecosystem. This is especially true for Streptomyces, which have become a valuable biological control resource because of their advantages in producing various secondary metabolites with novel structures and remarkable biological activities. The purpose of this study was to isolate an effective antagonistic actinomycete against the pathogen of corm rot in saffron. An antagonistic actinomycete, CM253, was screened from the rhizosphere soil samples of Crocus sativus, by plate co-culture with four pathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Penicillium citreosulfuratum, and Penicillium citrinum). CM253 inhibited the growth and development of F. oxysporum hyphae by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, by analyzing the degrading enzyme, the growth-promoting performance, and the whole genome of strain CM253, it was identified as Streptomyces yangpuensis, which produces NH3, protease, glucanase, cellulase, IAA, and ACC deaminase. In addition, 24 secondary metabolite synthesis gene clusters were predicted in antiSMASH. We identified genes encoding 2,3-butanediol; methionine; isoprene (metH, mmuM, ispEFH, gcpE, idi, and ilvABCDEH); biofilm formation; and colonization (upp, rfbBC, efp, aftA, pssA, pilD, fliA, and dhaM). Above all, S. yangpuensis CM253 showed the potential for future development as a biocontrol agent.
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Management of Rhizosphere Microbiota and Plant Production under Drought Stress: A Comprehensive Review. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182437. [PMID: 36145836 PMCID: PMC9502053 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought generates a complex scenario worldwide in which agriculture should urgently be reframed from an integrative point of view. It includes the search for new water resources and the use of tolerant crops and genotypes, improved irrigation systems, and other less explored alternatives that are very important, such as biotechnological tools that may increase the water use efficiency. Currently, a large body of evidence highlights the role of specific strains in the main microbial rhizosphere groups (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, yeasts, and bacteria) on increasing the drought tolerance of their host plants through diverse plant growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics. With this background, it is possible to suggest that the joint use of distinct PGP microbes could produce positive interactions or additive beneficial effects on their host plants if their co-inoculation does not generate antagonistic responses. To date, such effects have only been partially analyzed by using single omics tools, such as genomics, metabolomics, or proteomics. However, there is a gap of information in the use of multi-omics approaches to detect interactions between PGP and host plants. This approach must be the next scale-jump in the study of the interaction of soil–plant–microorganism. In this review, we analyzed the constraints posed by drought in the framework of an increasing global demand for plant production, integrating the important role played by the rhizosphere biota as a PGP agent. Using multi-omics approaches to understand in depth the processes that occur in plants in the presence of microorganisms can allow us to modulate their combined use and drive it to increase crop yields, improving production processes to attend the growing global demand for food.
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Mohamad OAA, Liu YH, Huang Y, Li L, Ma JB, Egamberdieva D, Gao L, Fang BZ, Hatab S, Jiang HC, Li WJ. The Metabolic Potential of Endophytic Actinobacteria Associated with Medicinal Plant Thymus roseus as a Plant-Growth Stimulator. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091802. [PMID: 36144404 PMCID: PMC9505248 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-fertilizer practice considers not only economical but also environmentally friendly, sustainable agriculture. Endophytes can play important beneficiary roles in plant development, directly, indirectly, or synergistically. In this study, the majority of our endophytic actinobacteria were able to possess direct plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, including auxin (88%), ammonia (96%), siderophore production (94%), and phosphate solubilization (24%), along with cell-wall degrading enzymes such as protease (75%), cellulase (81%), lipase (81%), and chitinase (18%). About 45% of tested strains have an inhibitory effect on the phytopathogen Fusarium oxysporum, followed by 26% for Verticillium dahlia. Overall, our results showed that strains XIEG63 and XIEG55 were the potent strains with various PGP traits that caused a higher significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in length and biomass in the aerial part and roots of tomato and cotton, compared to the uninoculated plants. Our data showed that the greatest inhibition percentages of two phytopathogens were achieved due to treatment with strains XIEG05, XIEG07, XIEG45, and XIEG51. The GC-MS analysis showed that most of the compounds were mainly alkanes, fatty acid esters, phenols, alkenes, and aromatic chemicals and have been reported to have antifungal activity. Our investigation emphasizes that endophytic actinobacteria associated with medicinal plants might help reduce the use of chemical fertilization and potentially lead to increased agricultural productivity and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Abdalla Abdelshafy Mohamad
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Department of Biological, Marine Sciences and Environmental Agriculture, Institute for Post Graduate Environmental Studies, Arish University, Al-Arish 45511, Egypt
- Department of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Al-Arish 45511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (O.A.A.M.); (L.L.); (W.-J.L.)
| | - Yong-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Correspondence: (O.A.A.M.); (L.L.); (W.-J.L.)
| | - Jin-Biao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Dilfuza Egamberdieva
- Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, National Research University (TIIAME), Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
| | - Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Bao-Zhu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Shaimaa Hatab
- Department of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Al-Arish 45511, Egypt
- Faculty of Organic Agriculture, Heliopolis University, Cairo 2834, Egypt
| | - Hong-Chen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Correspondence: (O.A.A.M.); (L.L.); (W.-J.L.)
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Dubey A, Malla MA, Kumar A. Taxonomical and functional bacterial community profiling in disease-resistant and disease-susceptible soybean cultivars. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1355-1370. [PMID: 35415800 PMCID: PMC9433584 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly varied bacterial communities inhabiting the soybean rhizosphere perform important roles in its growth and production; nevertheless, little is known about the changes that occur in these communities under disease-stress conditions. The present study investigated the bacterial diversity and their metabolic profile in the rhizosphere of disease-resistant (JS-20-34) and disease-susceptible (JS-335) soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and community-level physiological profiling (CLPP). In disease-resistant soybean (AKADR) samples, the most dominating phyla were Actinobacteria (40%) followed by Chloroflexi (24%), Proteobacteria (20%), and Firmicutes (12%), while in the disease-susceptible (AKADS) sample, the most dominating phyla were Proteobacteria (35%) followed by Actinobacteria (27%) and Bacteroidetes (17%). Functional profiling of bacterial communities was done using the METAGENassist, and PICRUSt2 software, which shows that AKADR samples have more ammonifying, chitin degrading, nitrogen-fixing, and nitrite reducing bacteria compared to AKADS rhizosphere samples. The bacterial communities present in disease-resistant samples were significantly enriched with genes involved in nitrogen fixation, carbon fixation, ammonification, denitrification, and antibiotic production. Furthermore, the CLPP results show that carbohydrates and carboxylic acids were the most frequently utilized nutrients by the microbes. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the AKADR soils had higher functional activity (strong association with the Shannon-Wiener index, richness index, and hydrocarbon consumption) than AKADS rhizospheric soils. Overall, our findings suggested that the rhizosphere of resistant varieties of soybean comprises of beneficial bacterial population over susceptible varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Dubey
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Muneer Ahmad Malla
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Garipova SR, Markova OV, Fedorova KA, Dedova MA, Iksanova MA, Kamaletdinova AA, Lastochkina OV, Pusenkova LI. Malondialdehyde and proline content in bean cultivars following the inoculation with endophytic bacteria. ACTA PHYSIOLOGIAE PLANTARUM 2022; 44:89. [DOI: 10.1007/s11738-022-03427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
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Shahid M, Zeyad MT, Syed A, Singh UB, Mohamed A, Bahkali AH, Elgorban AM, Pichtel J. Stress-Tolerant Endophytic Isolate Priestia aryabhattai BPR-9 Modulates Physio-Biochemical Mechanisms in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) for Enhanced Salt Tolerance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191710883. [PMID: 36078599 PMCID: PMC9518148 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In efforts to improve plant productivity and enhance defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses, endophytic bacteria have been used as an alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. In the current study, 25 endophytic microbes recovered from plant organs of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) were assessed for biotic (phyto-fungal pathogens) and abiotic (salinity, drought, and heavy metal) stress tolerance. Among the recovered isolates, BPR-9 tolerated maximum salinity (18% NaCl), drought (15% PEG-6000), and heavy metals (µg mL-1): Cd (1200), Cr (1000), Cu (1000), Pb (800), and Hg (30). Based on phenotypic and biochemical characteristics, as well as 16S rDNA gene sequencing, endophytic isolate BPR-9 was recognized as Priestia aryabhattai (accession no. OM743254.1). This isolate was revealed as a powerful multi-stress-tolerant crop growth promoter after extensive in-vitro testing for plant growth-promoting attributes, nutrient (phosphate, P; potassium, K; and zinc, Zn) solubilization efficiency, extracellular enzyme (protease, cellulase, amylase, lipase, and pectinase) synthesis, and potential for antagonistic activity against important fungal pathogens viz. Alternaria solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Ustilaginoidea virens. At elevated salt levels, increases were noted in indole-3-acetic acid; siderophores; P, K, and Zn-solubilization; ACC deaminase; and ammonia synthesized by Priestia aryabhattai. Additionally, under in-vitro plant bioassays, wheat seedlings inoculated with P. aryabhattai experienced superior growth compared to non-inoculated seedlings in high salinity (0-15% NaCl) environment. Under NaCl stress, germination rate, plant length, vigor indices, and leaf pigments of wheat seedlings significantly increased following P. aryabhattai inoculation. Furthermore, at 2%-NaCl, B. aryabhattai greatly and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased relative leaf water content, membrane damage, and electrolyte leakage compared with the non-inoculated control. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase activity increased by 29, 32, and 21%, respectively, in wheat seedlings exposed to 2% NaCl and inoculated with the bacteria. The present findings demonstrate that endophytic P. aryabhattai strains might be used in the future as a multi-stress reducer and crop growth promoter in agronomically important crops including cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahid
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau 275103, India
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Tarique Zeyad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau 275103, India
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Udai B. Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau 275103, India
| | - Abdullah Mohamed
- Research Centre, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Ali H. Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M. Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Pichtel
- Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
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RNA-Seq Analysis Demonstrates Different Strategies Employed by Tiger Nuts ( Cyperus esculentus L.) in Response to Drought Stress. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12071051. [PMID: 35888139 PMCID: PMC9322875 DOI: 10.3390/life12071051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Drought stress, an important abiotic stress, has affected global agricultural production by limiting the yield and the quality of crops. Tiger nuts (Cyperus esculentus L.) are C4 crops in the Cyperaceae family, which have high-quality wholesome ingredients. However, data on mechanisms underlying the response of tiger nuts to drought stress are few. Here, the variety of Jisha 1 and 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG; a drought stress simulator) were used to study the mechanisms of stress response in tiger nuts. Our evaluation of the changes in physiological indicators such as electrolyte leakage (El), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2−) and activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) showed that 12 h was the most suitable time point to harvest and analyze the response to drought stress. Thereafter, we performed transcriptome (RNA-Seq) analysis in the control (CK) and stress treatment groups and showed that there was a total of 1760 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched in abscisic acid (ABA) terms, and pathways such as starch and sucrose metabolism (ko00500), phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (ko00940) and plant hormone signal transduction (ko04075) were significantly enriched in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of the DEGs demonstrated an upregulation of ABA and lignin content, as well as enzyme activities in enriched pathways, which validated the RNA-Seq data. These results revealed the pathways and mechanisms adopted by the tiger nuts in response to drought stress.
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Li LF, Xu L, Li WH, Sun JQ. Sinomicrobium kalidii sp. nov., an indole-3-acetic acid-producing endophyte from a shoot of halophyte Kalidium cuspidatum. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [PMID: 35819407 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the effects of endophytic bacteria on halophytes, a bacteria that produced indole-3-acetic acid and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase, designated HD2P242T, was isolated from a shoot of Kalidium cuspidatum collected in Tumd Right Banner, Inner Mongolia, PR China. The cells of strain HD2P242T were Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile by gliding, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped. Strain HD2P242T grew at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and 10-45 °C (optimum 37 °C), in the presence of 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 4 %). The strain was positive for oxidase and catalase. The phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences and the whole genome sequences both showed that strain HD2P242T clustered with Sinomicrobium pectinilyticum 5DNS001T and S. oceani SCSIO 03483T, and had 95.6, 94.3 and <94.3 % 16S rRNA gene similarities to S. pectinilyticum 5DNS001T, S. oceani SCSIO 03483T and all the other current type strains. Strain HD2P242T contained menaquinone 6 as its sole respiratory quinone. Its major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid. The major fatty acids were iso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 3-OH, anteiso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 6 (C19 : 1 ω9c and/or C19 : 1 ω11c). The genome consisted of a 5 364 211 bp circular chromosome, with a G+C content of 45.1 mol%, predicting 4391 coding sequence genes, 47 tRNA genes and two rRNA operons. The average nucleotide identity based on blast and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain HD2P242T with S. oceani SCSIO 03483T and S. pectinilyticum 5DNS001T were 73.8 and 77.0%, and 22.3 and 22.2%, respectively. The comparative genome analysis showed that the pan-genomes of strain HD2P242T and three Sinomicrobium type strains possessed 4236 clusters, whereas the core genome possessed 2162 clusters, which accounted for 52.3 % of all the clusters. The genomic analysis revealed that all four Sinomicrobium members could utilize d-glucose by the glycolysis-gluconeogenesis pathway or the pentose phosphate pathway. The tricarboxylic acid cycle was utilized as a metabolic centre. The phylogenetic, physiological and phenotypic characteristics allowed the discrimination of strain HD2P242T from its phylogenetic relatives. Therefore, Sinomicrobium kalidii sp. nov. is proposed, and the type strain is HD2P242T (=CGMCC 1.19025T=KCTC 92136T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Fan Li
- Lab for Microbial Resources, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Lian Xu
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wen-Hao Li
- Lab for Microbial Resources, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Ji-Quan Sun
- Lab for Microbial Resources, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
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Adeleke BS, Babalola OO. Meta-omics of endophytic microbes in agricultural biotechnology. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
The findings on the strategies employed by endophytic microbes have provided salient information to the researchers on the need to maximally explore them as bio-input in agricultural biotechnology. Biotic and abiotic factors are known to influence microbial recruitments from external plant environments into plant tissues. Endophytic microbes exhibit mutualism or antagonism association with host plants. The beneficial types contribute to plant growth and soil health, directly or indirectly. Strategies to enhance the use of endophytic microbes are desirable in modern agriculture, such that these microbes can be applied individually or combined as bioinoculants with bioprospecting in crop breeding systems. Scant information is available on the strategies for shaping the endophytic microbiome; hence, the need to unravel microbial strategies for yield enhancement and pathogen suppressiveness have become imperative. Therefore, this review focuses on the endophytic microbiome, mechanisms, factors influencing endophyte recruitment, and strategies for possible exploration as bioinoculants.
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Rani S, Kumar P, Dahiya P, Maheshwari R, Dang AS, Suneja P. Endophytism: A Multidimensional Approach to Plant-Prokaryotic Microbe Interaction. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:861235. [PMID: 35633681 PMCID: PMC9135327 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.861235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and development are positively regulated by the endophytic microbiome via both direct and indirect perspectives. Endophytes use phytohormone production to promote plant health along with other added benefits such as nutrient acquisition, nitrogen fixation, and survival under abiotic and biotic stress conditions. The ability of endophytes to penetrate the plant tissues, reside and interact with the host in multiple ways makes them unique. The common assumption that these endophytes interact with plants in a similar manner as the rhizospheric bacteria is a deterring factor to go deeper into their study, and more focus was on symbiotic associations and plant–pathogen reactions. The current focus has shifted on the complexity of relationships between host plants and their endophytic counterparts. It would be gripping to inspect how endophytes influence host gene expression and can be utilized to climb the ladder of “Sustainable agriculture.” Advancements in various molecular techniques have provided an impetus to elucidate the complexity of endophytic microbiome. The present review is focused on canvassing different aspects concerned with the multidimensional interaction of endophytes with plants along with their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Rani
- Plant Microbe Interaction Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Plant Microbe Interaction Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Priyanka Dahiya
- Plant Microbe Interaction Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Rajat Maheshwari
- Plant Microbe Interaction Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Amita Suneja Dang
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Pooja Suneja
- Plant Microbe Interaction Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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Xu L, Huang XX, Wang HT, Tang SK, Shen B, Sun JQ. Description and characterization of three endophytic Bacillaceae from the halophyte Suaeda salsa: Paenalkalicoccus suaedae gen. nov., sp. nov. , Cytobacillus suaedae sp. nov. , and Bacillus suaedae sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [PMID: 35550242 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three strains of members of the family Bacillaceae, which can inhibit the growth of some Gram-stain-positive strains, designated M4U3P1T, HD4P25T and RD4P76T, were isolated from Suaeda salsa halophytes in Baotou, Inner Mongolia, PR China. A phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and the whole genome sequences revealed that HD4P25T clustered with Cytobacillus luteolus YIM 93174T with a similarity of 98.4 %, and RD4P76T shared the highest similarity of 16S rRNA gene with Bacillus mesophilus SA4T (97.5 %). M4U3P1T clustered with strains of genera Salipaludibacillus and Alkalicoccus based on whole-genome sequence analyses, but its 16S rRNA gene had the highest similarity to 'Evansella tamaricis' EGI 80668 (96.1 %). The average nucleotide's identity by blast (ANIb) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of the three isolated strains to their close relatives were well below the threshold value for identifying a novel species.On the basis of the phylogenetic, physiological and phenotypic results, Paenalkalicoccus suaedae gen. nov., sp. nov. [type strain M4U3P1T (=CGMCC 1.17076T=JCM 33851T)], Cytobacillus suaedae sp. nov. [type strain HD4P25T (=CGMCC 1.18651T =JCM 34524T)], and Bacillus suaedae sp. nov. [type strain RD4P76T (=CGMCC 1.18659T=JCM 34525T)] were proposed, respectively. All three species are ubiquitous in the bulk saline-alkaline soils, but only the species represented by strain RD4P76T was widely distributed in the rhizosphere soil, the above-ground part and the roots of S. salsa. The species represented by M4U3P1T can be detected in the roots of S. salsa, and rarely detected in the above-ground parts of S. salsa. The species represented by HD4P25T was rarely detected in the interior of S. salsa. The three strains could inhibit some of the Gram-stain-positive bacteria (i.e. members of the genera Planococcus, Zhihengliuella and Sanguibacter) in the saline-alkali soil. A genomic analysis of these three strains revealed that they can synthesize different antagonistic compounds, such as aminobenzoate and bacitracin or subtilisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Xu
- Laboratory for Microbial Resources, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xian Huang
- Laboratory for Microbial Resources, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China
| | - Hai-Tao Wang
- Laboratory for Microbial Resources, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China
| | - Shu-Kun Tang
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Biao Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Ji-Quan Sun
- Laboratory for Microbial Resources, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China
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Tian Y, Fu X, Zhang G, Zhang R, Kang Z, Gao K, Mendgen K. Mechanisms in Growth-Promoting of Cucumber by the Endophytic Fungus Chaetomium globosum Strain ND35. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020180. [PMID: 35205933 PMCID: PMC8878499 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are effective in plant growth and development by secreting various kinds of plant hormones and nutrients. However, the cellular and molecular interactions between the endophytic fungi and plant growth-promoting have remained less explored. The present study was designed to explore the effects of the infection and colonization events of Chaetomium globosum strain ND35 on cucumber growth and the expression pattern of some metabolically important genes in development of the cucumber radicle. The results demonstrated that strain ND35 can infect and colonize the outer layers (cortical cells) of cucumber root and form a symbiotic structure with the host cell, similar to a periarbuscular membrane and establish chemical communication with the plant. Through transcriptome analysis, we found the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) caused by strain ND35 were mainly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction and photosynthesis. Correspondingly, the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), zeatin (ZT), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and peroxidase (POD) in ND35-colonized seedlings were generally higher than those of non-inoculated seedlings. Overall, the infection and colonization events of C. globosum strain ND35 increased cucumber growth through complex regulation of plant hormones biosynthesis and metabolism. Furthermore, although the endophytic fungus strain ND35 produced IAA, GA, ZT, and ergosterol in the fermentation broth, and there are enabled to promote growth of cucumber, it is uncertain whether there are ND35-derived microbial hormones in plants. This study of the interaction between cucumber and strain ND35 contributes to a better understanding of the plant-endophytic fungi interactions, and may help to develop new strategies for crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehan Tian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (Y.T.); (X.F.); (R.Z.)
| | - Xuesong Fu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (Y.T.); (X.F.); (R.Z.)
| | - Gongchen Zhang
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Science, Qingdao 266100, China;
| | - Rui Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (Y.T.); (X.F.); (R.Z.)
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Kexiang Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (Y.T.); (X.F.); (R.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kurt Mendgen
- Department of Biology, University of Constance, 78457 Constance, Germany;
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Adeleke BS, Ayangbenro AS, Babalola OO. Bacterial community structure of the sunflower ( Helianthus annuus) endosphere. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1974217. [PMID: 34590546 PMCID: PMC9208795 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1974217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Agrochemical applications on farmland aim to enhance crop yield; however, the consequence of biodiversity loss has caused a reduction in ecological functions. The positive endosphere interactions and crop rotation systems may function in restoring a stable ecosystem. Employing culture-independent techniques will help access the total bacteria community in the sunflower endosphere. Limited information is available on the bacteria diversity in sunflower plants cultivated under different agricultural practices. Hence, this study was designed to investigate the endophytic bacterial community structure of sunflower at the growing stage. Plant root and stem samples were sourced from two locations (Itsoseng and Lichtenburg), for DNA extraction and sequenced on the Illumina Miseq platform. The sequence dataset was analyzed using online bioinformatics tools. Saccharibacteria and Acidobacteria were dominant in plant roots, while the stem is dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteriodetes, and Gemmatimonadetes across the sites. Bacterial genera, Acidovorax, Flavobacterium, Hydrogenophaga, and Burkholderia-Paraburkhoderia were found dominant in the root, while the stem is dominated by Streptomyces. The diverse bacterial community structure at phyla and class levels were significantly different in plant organs across the sites. The influence of soil physical and chemical parameters analyzed was observed to induce bacterial distribution across the sites. This study provides information on the dominant bacteria community structure in sunflowers at the growing stage and their predictive functions, which suggest their future exploration as bioinoculants for improved agricultural yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartholomew Saanu Adeleke
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Ayansina Segun Ayangbenro
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- CONTACT Olubukola Oluranti Babalola Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho2735, South Africa
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Kumar A, Dubey A, Malla MA, Dames J. Pyrosequencing and phenotypic microarray to decipher bacterial community variation in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench rhizosphere. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2021; 2:100025. [PMID: 34841316 PMCID: PMC8610313 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Different cultivation practices and climatic conditions play an important role in governing and modulating soil microbial communities. This work, investigated the changes in bacterial community composition at taxonomic and functional level in rhizosphere soil of sweet sorghum under extensive cultivation practices at three different field sites of South Africa. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data revealed that at the phylum level, the dominant group was Cyanobacteria with a relative abundance of 63.3%, 71.8% and 81.6% from ASHSOIL1, ASHSOIL2, and ASHSOIL3, respectively. Community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) analysis revealed that the metabolic activity of the bacterial community in ASHSOIL3 was the highest, followed by ASHSOIL1 and ASHSOIL2. Overall, this study showed that soil pH, nutrient availability and cultivation practices played significant roles in governing the bacterial community composition in sorghum rhizosphere.
Different cultivation practices and climatic conditions play an important role in governing and modulating soil microbial communities as well as soil health. This study investigated, for the first time, keystone microbial taxa inhabiting the rhizosphere of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) under extensive cultivation practices at three different field sites of South Africa (North West-South (ASHSOIL1); Mpumalanga-West – (ASHSOIL2); and Free State-North West – (ASHSOIL3)). Soil analysis of these sites revealed differences in P, K, Mg, and pH. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data revealed that the rhizosphere bacterial microbiome differed significantly both in the structure and composition across the samples. The sequencing data revealed that at the phylum level, the dominant group was Cyanobacteria with a relative abundance of 63.3%, 71.8%, and 81.6% from ASHSOIL1, ASHSOIL2, and ASHSOIL3, respectively. Putative metabolic requirements analyzed by METAGENassist software revealed the ASHSOIL1 sample as the prominent ammonia degrader (21.1%), followed by ASHSOIL3 (17.3%) and ASHSOIL2 (11.1%). The majority of core-microbiome taxa were found to be from Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. Functionally, community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) analysis revealed that the metabolic activity of the bacterial community in ASHSOIL3 was the highest, followed by ASHSOIL1 and ASHSOIL2. This study showed that soil pH and nutrient availability and cultivation practices played significant roles in governing the bacterial community composition in the sorghum rhizosphere across the different sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar
- Mycorrhizal Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (Central University), Sagar 470003, MP, India
- Corresponding author at: Metagenomics and Secretomics Research laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (Central University), Sagar 470003, MP, India.
| | - Anamika Dubey
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (Central University), Sagar 470003, MP, India
| | - Muneer Ahmad Malla
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (Central University), Sagar 470003, MP, India
| | - Joanna Dames
- Mycorrhizal Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
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Li T, Ren G, Jiang D, Liu C. Dynamic Changes in Endophytic Microorganisms and Metabolites During Natural Drying of Licorice. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:740721. [PMID: 34721339 PMCID: PMC8551699 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.740721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The method of drying licorice is an important factor affecting the quality of the final product. To determine the best processing method of licorice postharvest, we investigated the interaction of increasing aridity between the endophytic microorganisms and the accumulation of metabolites. Samples from the roots of licorice growing along an aridity gradient during the natural drying process were collected, and the metabolic components, the content of the main active substances and the dynamic changes of the endophytic microbial community were assessed. The glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin contents decreased slightly or remained flat during natural drying, whereas those of liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin increased slightly. Moreover, the Shannon index of endophytic microbial diversity of licorice was the highest in the fresh period and showed a downward trend during the drying process. When the licorice were fresh, Cladosporiaceae and Burkholderiaceae were the dominant family present, but after drying, Nectriaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were the dominant families. A similar trend was also found in which the differential metabolites of licorice were reduced during natural drying. Furthermore, correlation analysis between dominant families and differential metabolites showed that there was a correlation between the two. Therefore, fresh processing is an effective drying method to ensure the quality of licorice. This study revealed the relationship of endophytic microbiota and changes in the licorice metabolites during different stages of drying, which provided a scientific basis for the drying method of licorice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guangxi Ren
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Padder SA, Mansoor S, Bhat SA, Baba TR, Rather RA, Wani SM, Popescu SM, Sofi S, Aziz MA, Hefft DI, Alzahrani OM, Noureldeen A, Darwish H. Bacterial Endophyte Community Dynamics in Apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) Germplasm and Their Evaluation for Scab Management Strategies. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110923. [PMID: 34829212 PMCID: PMC8623955 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The large genetic evolution due to the sexual reproduction-mediated gene assortments and propensities has made Venturia inaequalis (causing apple scab) unique with respect to its management strategies. The resistance in apple germplasm against the scab, being controlled for by more than fifteen genes, has limited gene alteration-based investigations. Therefore, a biological approach of bacterial endophyte community dynamics was envisioned across the apple germplasm in context to the fungistatic behavior against V. inaequalis. A total of 155 colonies of bacterial endophytes were isolated from various plant parts of the apple, comprising 19 varieties, and after screening for antifungal behavior followed by morphological, ARDRA, and sequence analysis, a total of 71 isolates were selected for this study. The alpha diversity indices were seen to fluctuate greatly among the isolation samples in context to microflora with antifungal behavior. As all the isolates were screened for the presence of various metabolites and some relevant genes that directly or indirectly influence the fungistatic behavior of the isolated microflora, a huge variation among the isolated microflora was observed. The outstanding isolates showing highest percentage growth inhibition of V. inaequalis were exploited to raise a bio-formulation, which was tested against the scab prevalence in eight apple varieties under controlled growth conditions. The formulation at all the concentrations caused considerable reductions in both the disease severity and disease incidence in all the tested apple varieties. Red Delicious being most important cultivar of the northwestern Himalayas was further investigated for its biochemical behavior in formulation and the investigation revealed different levels of enzyme production, chlorophyll, and sugars against the non-inoculated control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid A. Padder
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, FoH, Sher-e—Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (S.A.B.); (S.M.W.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Sheikh Mansoor
- Division of Biochemistry, FBSc, SKUAST-J, Jammu 180009, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Sajad A. Bhat
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, FoH, Sher-e—Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (S.A.B.); (S.M.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Tawseef Rehman Baba
- Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Rauoof Ahmad Rather
- Division of Environmental Sciences, FoH, Sher-e—Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Saima M. Wani
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, FoH, Sher-e—Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (S.A.B.); (S.M.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Simona Mariana Popescu
- Department of Biology and Environmental Engineering, University of Craiova, 13, A.I. Cuza, 200585 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Shakeela Sofi
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, FoH, Sher-e—Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (S.A.B.); (S.M.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Malik Asif Aziz
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities FoA, Sher-e—Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Wadura Sopore 193201, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Daniel Ingo Hefft
- University Centre Reaseheath, Reaseheath College, Nantwich CW5 6DF, UK;
| | - Othman M. Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 110099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (O.M.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Ahmed Noureldeen
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 110099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (O.M.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Hadeer Darwish
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 110099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
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Adeleke BS, Babalola OO. The plant endosphere-hidden treasures: a review of fungal endophytes. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2021; 37:154-177. [PMID: 34666635 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2021.1991714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The endosphere represents intracellular regions within plant tissues colonize by microbial endophytes without causing disease symptoms to host plants. Plants harbor one or two endophytic microbes capable of synthesizing metabolite compounds. Environmental factors determine the plant growth and survival as well as the kind of microorganisms associated with them. Some fungal endophytes that symbiotically colonize the endosphere of medicinal plants with the potential of producing biological products have been employed in traditional and modern medicine. The bioactive resources from endophytic fungi are promising; biotechnologically to produce cheap and affordable commercial bioactive products as alternatives to chemical drugs and other compounds. The exploration of bioactive metabolites from fungal endophytes has been found applicable in agriculture, pharmaceutical, and industries. Thus, fungal endophytes can be engineered to produce a substantive quantity of pharmacological drugs through the biotransformation process. Hence, this review shall provide an overview of fungal endophytes, ecology, their bioactive compounds, and exploration with the biosystematics approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartholomew Saanu Adeleke
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
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Adeleke BS, Ayangbenro AS, Babalola OO. Genomic Analysis of Endophytic Bacillus cereus T4S and Its Plant Growth-Promoting Traits. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091776. [PMID: 34579311 PMCID: PMC8467928 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Insights into plant endophytic microbes and their exploration in agriculture have provided opportunities for sustainable plant health and food safety. Notable endophytic Bacillus species with plant growth-promoting traits have been documented; nevertheless, information on genome analysis of B. cereus associated with the sunflower in South Africa has not been studied. Therefore, we present whole-genome sequence of agriculturally important B. cereus strain T4S isolated from sunflower plants. The NextSeq Illumina sequencing yielded 7,255,762 bp sequence reads, 151 bp average read length, 5,945,881 bp genome size, 56 tRNA, 63 rRNA, and G + C content of 34.8%. The phylogeny analysis of strain T4S was similar to B. cereus NJ-W. Secondary metabolites, such as petrobactin, bacillibactin, bacitracin, molybdenum factor, zwittermicin, and fengycin underlining bacterial biocontrol efficacy against phytopathogens were found in the T4S genome. The predicted novel genes in the bacterial genome mediating the complex metabolic pathways can provide a genetic basis in understanding endosphere biology and their multiple functions thereof in crop improvement. Interestingly, seed and root inoculation with strain T4S contributed to sunflower yield under greenhouse experiments. Hence, the detection of notable genes specific for plant growth promotion as validated under in vitro screening, promisingly, suggests the relevance of strain T4S in agricultural biotechnology.
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Jain R, Bhardwaj P, Pandey SS, Kumar S. Arnebia euchroma, a Plant Species of Cold Desert in the Himalayas, Harbors Beneficial Cultivable Endophytes in Roots and Leaves. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:696667. [PMID: 34335527 PMCID: PMC8322769 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.696667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The endophytic mutualism of plants with microorganisms often leads to several benefits to its host including plant health and survival under extreme environments. Arnebia euchroma is an endangered medicinal plant that grows naturally in extreme cold and arid environments in the Himalayas. The present study was conducted to decipher the cultivable endophytic diversity associated with the leaf and root tissues of A. euchroma. A total of 60 bacteria and 33 fungi including nine yeasts were isolated and characterized at the molecular level. Among these, Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial phylum with the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria (76.67%) and genus Pseudomonas. Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum (72.73%) dominated by class Eurotiales (42.42%) and genus Penicillium among isolated fungal endophytes. Leaf tissues showed a higher richness (Schao1) of both bacterial and fungal communities as compared to root tissues. The abilities of endophytes to display plant growth promotion (PGP) through phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) solubilization and production of ACC deaminase (ACCD), indole acetic acid (IAA), and siderophores were also investigated under in vitro conditions. Of all the endophytes, 21.51% produced ACCD, 89.25% solubilized P, 43.01% solubilized K, 68.82% produced IAA, and 76.34% produced siderophores. Six bacteria and one fungal endophyte displayed all the five PGP traits. The study demonstrated that A. euchroma is a promising source of beneficial endophytes with multiple growth-promoting traits. These endophytes can be used for improving stress tolerance in plants under nutrient-deficient and cold/arid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Jain
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Priyanka Bhardwaj
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shiv Shanker Pandey
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
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