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Lee YJ, Lee CG, Min KJ, Park SJ. Efficient cadmium removal from industrial wastewater generated from smelter using chemical precipitation and oxidation assistance. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e11059. [PMID: 38812097 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The effective treatment of cadmium (Cd) in smelting wastewater is of great industrial importance. This study investigates the efficient removal of Cd from real industrial smelting wastewater via chemical precipitation using a series of experiments. In particular, the effects of different precipitants, agitation conditions, and the addition of NaOCl on Cd removal and pH variation are investigated. CaO (3.75 g/L), NaOH (3.50 g/L), and Ca(OH)2 (3.75 g/L) are found to be effective in elevating the wastewater pH and achieving high Cd removal rates (>99.9%), while the use of NaOH as a precipitant maintains a high Cd removal rate even at low agitation intensities. The properties of the produced sludge and supernatant are also determined using moisture content, particle size, and sludge leaching analyses due to the importance of economic and environmental sustainability in filtration, dewatering, and waste disposal processes. In addition, the addition of 2% NaOCl is tested, revealing that it can improve the Cd removal efficiency of Ca(OH)2, thus potentially reducing processing costs and enhancing the environmental benefits. Overall, these findings offer valuable insights into the removal of Cd from smelting wastewater, with potential implications for both environmental sustainability and economic viability. PRACTITIONER POINTS: CaO, NaOH, and Ca(OH)2 effectively remove Cd (>99.9%) from smelting wastewater. The use of NaOH leads to high Cd removal rates even at low agitation speeds. Adding 2% NaOCl can reduce the Ca(OH)2 dose for more economical Cd removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Jin Lee
- Department of Bioresources and Rural System Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Chang-Gu Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering & Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Min
- Department of Tech Center for Research Facilities, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Jik Park
- Department of Bioresources and Rural System Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong, South Korea
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Jang H, Choi KH, Cho YM, Han D, Hong YS. Environmental risk score of multiple pollutants for kidney damage among residents in vulnerable areas by occupational chemical exposure in Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:35938-35951. [PMID: 38743333 PMCID: PMC11136836 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an environmental risk score (ERS) of multiple pollutants (MP) causing kidney damage (KD) in Korean residents near abandoned metal mines or smelters and evaluate the association between ERS and KD by a history of occupational chemical exposure (OCE). Exposure to MP, consisting of nine metals, four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and four volatile organic compounds, was measured as urinary metabolites. The study participants were recruited from the Forensic Research via Omics Markers (FROM) study (n = 256). Beta-2-microglobulin (β2-MG), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were used as biomarkers of KD. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was selected as the optimal ERS model with the best performance and stability of the predicted effect size among the elastic net, adaptive elastic net, weighted quantile sum regression, BKMR, Bayesian additive regression tree, and super learner model. Variable importance was estimated to evaluate the effects of metabolites on KD. When stratified with the history of OCE after adjusting for several confounding factors, the risks for KD were higher in the OCE group than those in the non-OCE group; the odds ratio (OR; 95% CI) for ERS in non-OCE and OCE groups were 2.97 (2.19, 4.02) and 6.43 (2.85, 14.5) for β2-MG, 1.37 (1.01, 1.86) and 4.16 (1.85, 9.39) for NAG, and 4.57 (3.37, 6.19) and 6.44 (2.85, 14.5) for eGFR, respectively. We found that the ERS stratified history of OCE was the most suitable for evaluating the association between MP and KD, and the risks were higher in the OCE group than those in the non-OCE group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuna Jang
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Kyung-Hwa Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Min Cho
- Institute of Environmental Health, Seokyeong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Seokyeong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahee Han
- Institute of Environmental Health, Seokyeong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Seokyeong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seoub Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Mun S, Lee YR, Lee J, Lee S, Yun Y, Kim J, Kwon JY, Kim WJ, Cho YM, Hong YS, Kang HG. Cadmium-associated protein changes in residents of contaminated areas: Abandoned mine and smelter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123512. [PMID: 38341060 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a serious environmental contaminant, is associated with adverse health effects. However, the specific changes that the human body experiences in response to exposure to varying concentrations of cadmium remain unknown. The high levels of heavy metal contamination, especially Cd, in abandoned mines and smelter sites make them ideal locations to investigate the physiological manifestations of Cd exposure. This study found that individuals inhabiting abandoned mine and smelter areas had higher concentrations of Cd in their urine and blood compared to those living outside these areas (i.e., the controls). Furthermore, proteomic profiling of blood samples from all study groups was performed to identify proteomic biomarkers associated with chronic and severe Cd exposure. This analysis showed statistically significant correlations between urine Cd levels and sixteen proteins. Among these proteins, seven exhibited significantly altered expressions in samples from contaminated areas compared with those from control areas. Therefore, these proteins were selected as potential markers representing Cd-related protein alterations. Multiple reaction monitoring analysis was performed to validate the expression patterns of the proteins and four proteins were found to exhibit consistent trends. The findings show that Cd exposure significantly affects the expression of certain proteins in the human body. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and diseases associated with Cd-induced protein alterations can aid in the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for individuals exposed to Cd-linked pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Mun
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, Seongnam, 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Rim Lee
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, 11759, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyeon Lee
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeeun Yun
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, 32, Daesin Gongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49201, Republic of Korea; Busan Environmental Health Center, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Cho
- Department of Nano, Chemical and Biological Engineering, SeoKyeong University, Seoul, 02713, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seoub Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, 32, Daesin Gongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49201, Republic of Korea; Busan Environmental Health Center, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Gyoo Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, Seongnam, 13135, Republic of Korea; Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, 11759, Republic of Korea.
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Olowoyo JO, Tshoni UA, Kobyana AS, Lion GN, Mugivhisa LL, Koski L, Wärmländer SKTS, Roos PM. Blood lead concentrations in exposed forecourt attendants and taxi drivers in parts of South Africa. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 81:127348. [PMID: 38016357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaded fuel was banned in South Africa in 2006, in order to improve human health and reduce environmental pollution. Lead (Pb) has been suggested to contribute to the development of neurodegenerative disorders, and the role of respiratory exposure to Pb from petrol fumes should not be neglected in this context. In addition to Pb, petrol contains various harmful chemicals including other neurotoxic metals and hydrocarbons. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Here, we investigated concentrations of Pb and other metals in blood from petrol station forecourt attendants (n = 38), taxi drivers (n = 21), and unexposed controls (n = 36). Taxi drivers and forecourt attendants were divided into three groups each, based on number of years worked. A questionnaire was designed to investigate the health status of the participants. Blood samples were collected by medical professionals and analyzed for metal concentrations by ICP-MS. RESULTS A positive correlation between number of years worked and Pb blood concentrations was found. The highest Pb concentration (60.2 µg/L) was observed in a forecourt attendant who had worked 11-20 years, and the average Pb concentration in this group (24.5 µg/L) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in forecourt attendants who had worked 2-5 years (10.4 µg/L). Some individuals had elevated concentrations of manganese, arsenic, cadmium, chromium and cobalt, yet not significantly elevated at the group level. The blood levels of arsenic appeared to be related to smoking. Mood swings, dizziness, headaches and tiredness were reported by the workers. CONCLUSION Blood Pb concentrations in petrol station forecourt attendants and taxi drivers exposed to leaded petrol are elevated and correlate to exposure time. A health monitoring program should be erected for all individuals working in these industries, and preventive measures should be implemented to eliminate metal exposure from petrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Olowoyo
- Department of Health Sciences and The Water School, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA; Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - U A Tshoni
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A S Kobyana
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - G N Lion
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - L L Mugivhisa
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - L Koski
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S K T S Wärmländer
- Chemistry Section, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P M Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, St. Göran Hospital University Unit, 11281 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Vandionant S, Hendrix S, Alfano R, Plusquin M, Cuypers A. Comparing cadmium-induced effects on the regulation of the DNA damage response and cell cycle progression between entire rosettes and individual leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108105. [PMID: 37883918 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) activates the DNA damage response (DDR) and inhibits the cell cycle in Arabidopsis thaliana through the transcription factor SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1. The aim of this study was to investigate which individual leaf best reflects the Cd-induced effects on the regulation of the DDR and cell cycle progression in rosettes, enabling a more profound interpretation of the rosette data since detailed information, provided by the individual leaf responses, is lost when studying the whole rosette. Wild-type A. thaliana plants were cultivated in hydroponics and exposed to different Cd concentrations. Studied individual leaves were leaf 1 and 2, which emerged before Cd exposure, and leaf 3, which emerged upon Cd exposure. The DDR and cell cycle regulation were studied in rosettes as well as individual leaves after several days of Cd exposure. Varying concentration-dependent response patterns were observed between the entire rosette and individual leaves. Gene expression of selected DDR and cell cycle regulators showed higher similarity in their response between the rosette and the individual leaf emerged during Cd exposure than between both individual leaves. The same pattern was observed for plant growth and cell cycle-related parameters. We conclude that Cd-induced effects on the regulation of the DDR and cell cycle progression in the leaf that emerged during Cd exposure, resemble those observed in the rosette the most, which contributes to the interpretation of the rosette data in the framework of plant development and after exposure to Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Vandionant
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hendrix
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Rossella Alfano
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Kou X, Iglesias-Vázquez L, Nadal M, Basora J, Arija V. Urinary concentrations of heavy metals in pregnant women living near a petrochemical area according to the industrial activity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116677. [PMID: 37454794 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progressive industrialization has resulted in an increase in heavy metal pollution in the environment, which has a dangerous impact on human health. Prenatal exposure to heavy metals, even at very low concentrations, may be especially harmful to pregnant women and their children. Different industrial activities can contribute to heavy metal pollution in a specific area. OBJECTIVE 1) To explore the concentrations of heavy metals in urine samples of pregnant women, and 2) to evaluate the potential effect of different industrial activities in Tarragona (Spain). METHODS Urinary levels of four heavy metals (nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb)) from 368 pregnant women recruited in the ECLIPSES study were analyzed. Home addresses and all the industries potentially releasing heavy metals were geo-referenced. Buffer zones were established within a 1.5, 3, and 5 km radius at the center of each industry. Subsequently, the number of participants living in and out of each buffer zone was recorded. RESULTS Urinary levels of Ni and Cd, but not those of Hg and Pb, were obviously increased in pregnant women living near most of the industrial sites. After adjustment for potential co-variates, only Cd showed notable differences according to the industrial activity. Compared to women living outside the buffer, Cd levels were increased in those living within 1.5 and 3 km of chemical industries, within 5 km of energy industries, within 1.5, 3, and 5 km of mineral industries, and within 3 and 5 km of metal processing industries. CONCLUSION Among the analyzed heavy metals, Cd showed an increasing trend in urinary concentrations in women living near chemical, energy, mineral, and metal processing industries. This study highlights the need to develop legislative measures to minimize Cd exposure, especially by sensitive populations. Moreover, additive or synergistic effects of co-exposure to other air pollutants should not be disregarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiruo Kou
- Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43204, Reus, Spain; Department of Research Design, Shanghai QeeJen Bio-tech Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Lucía Iglesias-Vázquez
- Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43204, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Josep Basora
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Spain; Jordi Gol University Institute for Primary Care Research (IDIAP Jordi Gol), 43202, Tarragona, Spain; CIBERobn (Center for Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Arija
- Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43204, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Spain; Collaborative Research Group on Lifestyles, Nutrition, and Smoking (CENIT), Tarragona-Reus Research Support Unit, IDIAP Jordi Gol, 43003, Tarragona, Spain.
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Cho EJ, Kang JK, Lee CG, Bae S, Park SJ. Use of thermally activated Fenton sludge for Cd removal in zinc smelter wastewater: Mechanism and feasibility of Cd removal. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122166. [PMID: 37429491 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Fenton sludge is a byproduct of the Fenton process that contains large amounts of Fe and Ca. Because of the secondary contamination generated during the disposal of this byproduct, ecofriendly treatment methods are needed. In this study, we used Fenton sludge to remove the Cd discharged from a zinc smelter factory, using thermal activation to enhance the Cd adsorption capacity. Among the various temperatures considered (300-900 °C), the Fenton sludge that was thermally activated at 900 °C (TA-FS-900) adsorbed the highest amount of Cd because of its high specific surface area and high Fe content. Cd was adsorbed onto TA-FS-900 via complexation with C-OH, C-COOH, FeO-, and FeOH and cation exchange with Ca2+. The maximum adsorption of TA-FS-900 was 260.2 mg/g, indicating that TA-FS-900 is an efficient adsorbent, comparable to those reported in the literature. The initial Cd concentration in the zinc smelter wastewater discharged was 105.7 mg/L, 98.4% of which was removed by applying TA-FS-900, suggesting the applicability of TA-FS-900 for real wastewater containing high concentrations of various cations and anions. The leaching of heavy metals from TA-FS-900 was within the EPA standard limits. We concluded that the environmental impact of Fenton sludge disposal can be reduced, and the use of Fenton sludge can add value to the treatment of industrial wastewater in terms of the circular economy and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Cho
- Department of Bioresources and Rural Systems Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Kang
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gu Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Bae
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jik Park
- Department of Bioresources and Rural Systems Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea.
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Yang L, Ge S, Liu J, Iqbal Y, Jiang Y, Sun R, Ruan X, Wang Y. Spatial Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal(oid)s Contamination in Topsoil around a Lead and Zinc Smelter in Henan Province, Central China. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050427. [PMID: 37235242 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A total of 137 farmland soil samples were collected around a lead/zinc smelter within 64 km2. The concentration, spatial distribution, and potential source of nine heavy metal(oid)s (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn) in soils and their potential ecological risk were investigated in detail. The results showed that the average concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cr and Zn in these soils were higher than their background value in Henan Province, and the average content of Cd was 2.83 times of the risk screening values in the national standard of China (GB 15618-2018). According to the distribution of different heavy metal(oid)s in soils, Cd and Pb in soil decrease gradually with the increase of distance from the smelter to the surrounding area. This indicates that the Pb and Cd originate from smelters via airborne practices according to the typical air pollution diffusion model. The distribution of Zn, Cu, and As were similar to Cd and Pb. However, Ni, V, Cr, and Co were mainly affected by soil parent materials. The potential ecological risk of Cd was higher than those of other elements, and the risk grade of the other eight elements was mainly low. The polluted soils with significantly high and high potential ecological risk covered 93.84% of all the studied regions. This should be of serious concern to government. The results of a principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) show that Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, and As were the elements mainly stemmed from smelter and other types of plants, with a contribution rate of 60.08%, while Co, Cr, Ni, and V are mainly caused by nature, with a contribution rate of 26.26%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shiji Ge
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control & Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Younas Iqbal
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yuling Jiang
- School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Ruiling Sun
- Puyang Branch of Municipal Bureau of Ecological Environment, Puyang 457100, China
| | - Xinling Ruan
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control & Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control & Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Kwon JY, Lee S, Surenbaatar U, Lim HJ, Kim BG, Eom SY, Cho YM, Kim WJ, Yu BC, Lee K, Hong YS. Association between levels of exposure to heavy metals and renal function indicators of residents in environmentally vulnerable areas. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2856. [PMID: 36806109 PMCID: PMC9938231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abandoned metal mines and refineries are considered environmentally vulnerable areas owing to high levels of exposure to heavy metals. This study examined the association between heavy metal exposure and renal function indicators. We studied a total of 298 participants, of which 74 and 68 resided in low- and high-exposure abandoned metal mine areas, respectively, with 121 in the refinery area and 35 in the control area. Blood and urine samples were collected from the participants to analyze the levels of blood lead, cadmium, and creatinine and urinary cadmium, NAG, and β2-MG. The estimated glomerular filtration rate, which is calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation, was used for assessments. The study participants comprised more females than males, and their mean age was 70.3 years. The blood lead and cadmium as well as urinary cadmium levels were 2.12 μg/dL, 1.89 μg/L, and 2.11 μg/L, respectively, in the heavy metal-exposure areas, and 1.18 μg/dL, 0.89 μg/L, and 1.11 μg/L, respectively, in the control area. The odds ratio (OR) for exceeding the reference value showed that blood cadmium in the refinery area was 38 times higher than that in the control area. Urinary cadmium was seven times higher in the low-exposure abandoned metal mine area than in the control area. NAG showed a positive correlation with urinary cadmium in all areas. In the refinery area, correlations were observed between β2-MG and urinary cadmium levels and the eGFR and blood cadmium level; in the high-exposure abandoned metal mine area, correlations were observed between NAG, β2-MG, and the eGFR and blood cadmium. In this study, the association between Cd exposure and some renal function indicators was observed. This study's findings and the obtained biological samples can serve as a basis for future molecular biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yeon Kwon
- grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, 32, Daesin Gongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49201 Korea
| | - Seungho Lee
- grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, 32, Daesin Gongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49201 Korea ,grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Busan Environmental Health Center, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201 Korea
| | - Ulziikhishig Surenbaatar
- grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, 32, Daesin Gongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49201 Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ju Lim
- grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Busan Environmental Health Center, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201 Korea
| | - Byoung-Gwon Kim
- grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, 32, Daesin Gongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49201 Korea ,grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Busan Environmental Health Center, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201 Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Eom
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644 Korea
| | - Yong Min Cho
- grid.412476.20000 0004 0533 2709Department of Nano, Chemical and Biological Engineering, SeoKyeong University, Seoul, 02713 Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kang-Won National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Korea
| | - Byeng-Chul Yu
- grid.411144.50000 0004 0532 9454Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, 49267 Korea
| | - Kwan Lee
- grid.255168.d0000 0001 0671 5021Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066 Korea
| | - Young-Seoub Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, 32, Daesin Gongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49201, Korea. .,Busan Environmental Health Center, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201, Korea.
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10
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Bertram J, Ramolla C, Esser A, Schettgen T, Fohn N, Steib J, Kraus T. Blood lead monitoring in a former mining area in Euskirchen, Germany: results of a representative random sample in 3- to 17-year-old children and minors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:20995-21009. [PMID: 36264474 PMCID: PMC9584279 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal residues in former mining areas can pose a burden to the local environment and population even decades after closure of the mining sites. In the North Rhine-Westphalian (Germany) communities of Mechernich and Kall, both parts of the district of Euskirchen, lead residues are a source of health concerns for local residents. A statistically representative collective of both communities depending on sex, age, and area of residence was created, mirroring the local underage population. The blood lead levels (BLL) of 182 children and minors in the two adjacent communities were assessed via ICP-MSMS. The results were compared to German lead reference values, valid for the general underage population. In total, 32 (17.6%) of the subjects investigated exceeded the according reference values of 15 µg/L and 20 µg/L, respectively, depending on sex and age, thus pointing out an additional lead burden affecting children in the area. Potential lead sources contributing to the BLL were evaluated using a questionnaire. Factors that showed significant impact on the BLL were, other than age, sex, height, and weight, the factors occupancy, time spend in the garden, garden hand-to-mouth contact, consumption frequency of homegrown products, and lifestyle factors. The data presented enable both residents and the local authorities to further reduce lead exposure and to take appropriate personal and public action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bertram
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Christian Ramolla
- Public Health Department Euskirchen, District of Euskirchen, Germany
| | - André Esser
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Fohn
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jasmina Steib
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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11
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Song IG, Kang YG, Kim JH, Yoon H, Um WY, Chang YS. Assessment of sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron for in-situ remediation of cadmium-contaminated acidic groundwater at a zinc smelter. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129915. [PMID: 36113350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented high concentrations of heavy metals have been detected in the groundwater at a zinc smelter in Seokpo, South Korea. The outflow of the contaminated groundwater into the nearby Nakdong River must be prevented by some means such as permeable reactive barrier (PRB). As a reactive material for injection-type PRB, we have tested sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) to assess its efficacy in remediating the groundwater from the smelter. The S-nZVI efficiently removed Zn, Ni, and Al in the groundwater, and neutralized the groundwater to pH > 6. Sulfidation of nZVI greatly increased the removal of Cd (99.8%) compared to that by nZVI (7.2%). MINEQL+ modeling and particle characterization were performed to elucidate the forms of heavy metals in the solution and on the surface of S-nZVI. Raman and XPS results suggested that FeS on the surface of S-nZVI reacted with Cd(II) and Zn(II), forming more-stable CdS and ZnS. Sequential application of NaHCO3 after S-nZVI treatment in a column setup was suited for the removal of remaining Zn and Fe as well as the reduction of microbial toxicity. This study guides to use of S-nZVI for in-situ remediation of cadmium-contaminated groundwater with other coexisting heavy metals from a zinc smelter.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Gyu Song
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Gyeong Kang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- Advanced Geo-Materials R&D Department, Pohang Branch, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Pohang 37559, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakwon Yoon
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Yong Um
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Perini JA, da Silva MC, Correa LV, Silva YM, Borges RM, Moreira MDFR. Chronic Cadmium Exposure and Genetic Polymorphisms of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in a Population Exposed to Steel Slag in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15304. [PMID: 36430020 PMCID: PMC9691087 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms in the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) family genes may be associated with cadmium (Cd) levels and its adverse effects. This study investigated the impact of MMP-2 and MMP-9 polymorphisms on Cd levels in 238 residents of a condominium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, built over an industrial steel slag waste. Polymorphisms were genotyped using TaqMan validated assays, and the Cd levels were measured in blood (BCd) and urine (UCd) samples by atomic absorption spectrometry. Associations were evaluated by linear correlation coefficients and multiple logistic regression, using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Mean age was 50 ± 15 years; 58% were female, 69% non-smokers. Mean concentrations for BCd and UCd were 0.70 ± 0.2 μg L-1 and 0.56 ± 0.55 μg L-1, respectively. Smoking status was associated with BCd ≥ 0.70 μg L-1 (OR = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.6-5.9). MMP-9 rs17576 A > G was associated with BCd ≥ 0.70 μg L-1 (OR = 2.11; 95% CI = 1.10-4.05) and UCd ≥ 0.56 μg L-1 (OR = 3.38; 95% CI = 1.82-7.65). Knowing possible individual predisposing factors is essential to understand Cd toxicity, and to improve the monitoring of high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila A. Perini
- Laboratório de Pesquisa de Ciências Farmacêuticas—LAPESF, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 1.203, Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mayara C. da Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisa de Ciências Farmacêuticas—LAPESF, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 1.203, Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lorena V. Correa
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (ENSP/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil
| | - Yasmin M. Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisa de Ciências Farmacêuticas—LAPESF, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 1.203, Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renato M. Borges
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (ENSP/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima R. Moreira
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (ENSP/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil
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13
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Luo Q, Zhang H, Wang H, Ma L, Huang M, Niu J, Luo B, Yan J, Li X. The Effects of Lead and Cadmium Co-exposure on Serum Ions in Residents Living Near a Mining and Smelting Area in Northwest China. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3932-3940. [PMID: 34713392 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02991-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the associations between cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) co-exposure, and serum ion levels in two populations living near a mining/smelting area and a nature reserve (control area), respectively. A total of 445 participants were included in this study. Their blood cadmium (BCd), blood lead (BPb), and serum ion levels were determined, and the association between exposure levels and serum ion levels was analyzed. The exposure levels of subjects living in the polluted area were significantly higher (p < 0.001). Lower levels of potassium, inorganic phosphorus, and iron were observed in subjects from the polluted area, whereas their sodium and chloride levels were higher (p < 0.01). The anion gap in their serum was also significantly lower. We observed positive dose-effect relationships between Cd and/or Pb exposure and serum sodium and chloride, and negative dose-effect relationships between Cd and/or Pb exposure and serum inorganic phosphorus, iron, as well as the anion gap. High Cd-Pb, high Cd, and high Pb exposure led to modification effects in potassium, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and iron levels, and the anion gap. No synergistic effects were observed in our results. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that Cd and Pb exposure, alone or in combination, can lead to serum ion imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Luo
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglong Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ma
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingping Niu
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Luo
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yan
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No.1 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xun Li
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No.1 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
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14
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Ibiwoye MO, Snyder EA, Lyons J, Vasauskas AA, Hernandez MJ, Summerlin AR, Foster JD. The Effect of Short-Term Exposure to Cadmium on the Expression of Vascular Endothelial Barrier Antigen in the Developing Rat Forebrain and Cerebellum: A Computerized Quantitative Immunofluorescent Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e23848. [PMID: 35402117 PMCID: PMC8986507 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and laboratory studies have shown that environmental exposure to cadmium produces damage to several organs, including bones, lungs, and kidneys. The involvement of cadmium in central nervous system (CNS) disorders has also been widely reported, but the precise pathophysiological mechanism is not yet fully understood. Children who were exposed to cadmium during pregnancy are known to suffer from developmental delays, learning difficulties, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and other cognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Results from numerous studies suggest that dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) structures is an important step in the neurotoxicity of cadmium. A rat-specific BBB marker protein, the endothelial barrier antigen (EBA), has been previously isolated and classified by Sternberger and others. The mouse IgG1 clone, anti-endothelial barrier antigen (anti-EBA), detects a protein triplet (23.5kDa, 25 kDa, and 30kDa) localized to the luminal surface of central and peripheral nervous system (CNS and PNS) vascular endothelial cells with selective permeability barrier functions. This marker has been widely used for characterizing BBB alterations under demyelinating, inflammatory, and other CNS pathologies. Many studies have been published using the rat model system for studying the neurotoxic effect of acute and chronic exposure to cadmium. We applied the indirect immunofluorescent techniques using the anti-EBA antibody in conjunction with the Olympus cellSens computerized image analysis to detect and quantify the surface areas of BBB-competent microvessel profiles in paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded brains of term-delivered young rats after intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of cadmium chloride. We detected a statistically significant reduction in EBA-positive microvessel surface areas in the forebrain (t = 5.86, df = 1789, p-value < 0.001) and cerebellum (t=73.40, df=1337, p < 0.001) of cadmium-treated rats compared to the normal controls. Thus, this study supports the hypothesis that the EBA is a sensitive and measurable indicator for quantitative assessment of the impact of cadmium exposure in the developing rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Ibiwoye
- Anatomy and Molecular Medicine, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, USA
| | - Emily A Snyder
- Research, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, USA
| | - James Lyons
- Department Clinical Sciences, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, USA
| | - Audrey A Vasauskas
- Institutional Effectiveness, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, USA
| | - Mark J Hernandez
- Anatomy and Molecular Medicine, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, USA
| | | | - James D Foster
- Anatomy and Molecular Medicine, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, USA
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