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Findling MG, Caporello HL, Stein RI, Wade CG, Lubell KM, Briseño L, SteelFisher GK. Communications for US Populations With Limited English Proficiency During Infectious Disease Outbreaks: A Scoping Review. Health Secur 2023; 21:489-499. [PMID: 37889614 PMCID: PMC11301523 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2023.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for research about communicating with populations who have limited English proficiency in the United States during infectious disease outbreaks. These populations have experienced significantly worse health outcomes during emergencies, including the COVID-19 pandemic, and evidence-based risk communications are critical to protecting their health. To support improved development of emergency communications for these communities, we conducted a scoping review that examined the extent of research available, with an intent to identify which communications topics are covered in the literature and where research gaps exist. Following the JBI framework, with reporting guided by the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, 6 electronic databases were systematically searched in October 2022. The inclusion criteria for articles selected were: data collected between 2009 and 2022, published in English, and focused on communications pertaining to emergency infectious disease outbreaks (eg, H1N1 influenza, Zika virus, COVID-19) for populations with limited English proficiency. Of 2,049 articles identified through the search, 31 met the inclusion criteria and were selected for review. We identified major limitations in the evidence base: a majority of studies were conducted only among Spanish speakers or during the COVID-19 pandemic, and most used qualitative or nonrandom samples. Most studies documented basic language barriers in communications, but there was little exploration of more nuanced barriers, such as cultural relevance or social context. Ahead of future outbreaks, more research is urgently needed to examine the information landscapes of populations with limited English proficiency, to inform the development of more effective communications strategies from public health institutions and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary G Findling
- Mary G. Findling, PhD, ScM, is Assistant Director, in the Harvard Opinion Research Program, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Hannah L Caporello
- Hannah L. Caporello is Senior Research Projects Manager, in the Harvard Opinion Research Program, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Rebekah I Stein
- Rebekah I. Stein is a Research Assistant, in the Harvard Opinion Research Program, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Carrie G Wade
- Carrie G. Wade, MLIS, is a Research and Instruction Librarian, Countway Library of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Keri M Lubell
- Keri M. Lubell, PhD, is a Behavioral Scientist, at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lisa Briseño
- Lisa Briseño, MS, is a Senior Health Communication Specialist, at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Gillian K SteelFisher
- Gillian K. SteelFisher, PhD, MSc, is Principal Research Scientist and Director of Global Polling, in the Harvard Opinion Research Program, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Allen JD, Kunicki ZJ, Greaney ML. Mental Health of Brazilian Immigrant Women: The Role of Discrimination, Social Support, and Community Strengths. J Immigr Minor Health 2023; 25:1016-1024. [PMID: 37191876 PMCID: PMC10185951 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-023-01485-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the mental health status of Brazilians living in the U.S. We assessed the prevalence and correlates of depression to guide the development of culturally relevant community-based mental health interventions. An online survey was conducted between July and August 2020 among a sample of Brazilian women living in the U.S. (age 18 and over, born in Brazil, English or Portuguese speaking) recruited through Brazilian social media pages and community organizations. The survey assessed depression using the Center for Epidemiological Study Depression Scale (CES-D-10), the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS), the Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS), and community strengths (CS). We first assessed the correlation between CES-D-10 scores and EDS, OSSS, and CS. We found that half of the participants (52.2%) had CES-D-10 scores of 10 or greater, indicating the presence of depressive symptomatology. In a multivariable model controlling for significant covariates (age, time lived in U.S.), EDS was positively associated with CES-D-10 scores (β = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.45, 0.83), while OSSS was negatively associated with CES-D-10 scores (β = -0.53, 95% C I= -0.80, -0.27). No statistically significant relationship was observed between CES-D-10 and CS scores. In this sample of Brazilian immigrant women, depressive symptomatology was highly prevalent, and experiences of discrimination were associated with increased symptoms of depression. There is a need to understand and address mental health in Brazilian immigrant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Allen
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University School of Arts and Sciences, 574 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
| | - Zachary J Kunicki
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard Box G-BH, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mary L Greaney
- Department of Health Studies, University of Rhode Island, 25 West Independence Way, Kingston, RI, USA
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Johannesson JM, Glover WA, Petti CA, Veldman TH, Tsalik EL, Taylor DH, Hendren S, Neighbors CE, Tillekeratne LG, Kennedy SW, Harper B, Kibbe WA, Corbie G, Cohen-Wolkowiez M, Woods CW, Lee MJ. Access to COVID-19 testing by individuals with housing insecurity during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: a scoping review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1237066. [PMID: 37841714 PMCID: PMC10568314 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1237066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic focused attention on healthcare disparities and inequities faced by individuals within marginalized and structurally disadvantaged groups in the United States. These individuals bore the heaviest burden across this pandemic as they faced increased risk of infection and difficulty in accessing testing and medical care. Individuals experiencing housing insecurity are a particularly vulnerable population given the additional barriers they face. In this scoping review, we identify some of the barriers this high-risk group experienced during the early days of the pandemic and assess novel solutions to overcome these barriers. Methods A scoping review was performed following PRISMA-Sc guidelines looking for studies focusing on COVID-19 testing among individuals experiencing housing insecurity. Barriers as well as solutions to barriers were identified as applicable and summarized using qualitative methods, highlighting particular ways that proved effective in facilitating access to testing access and delivery. Results Ultimately, 42 studies were included in the scoping review, with 143 barriers grouped into four categories: lack of cultural understanding, systemic racism, and stigma; medical care cost, insurance, and logistics; immigration policies, language, and fear of deportation; and other. Out of these 42 studies, 30 of these studies also suggested solutions to address them. Conclusion A paucity of studies have analyzed COVID-19 testing barriers among those experiencing housing insecurity, and this is even more pronounced in terms of solutions to address those barriers. Expanding resources and supporting investigators within this space is necessary to ensure equitable healthcare delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M. Johannesson
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - William A. Glover
- North Carolina State Laboratory of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Cathy A. Petti
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Healthspring Global Inc., Bradenton, FL, United States
| | - Timothy H. Veldman
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, United States
- Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ephraim L. Tsalik
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Donald H. Taylor
- Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Stephanie Hendren
- Duke University Medical Center Library, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Coralei E. Neighbors
- Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Scott W. Kennedy
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Barrie Harper
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Warren A. Kibbe
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Giselle Corbie
- Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Christopher W. Woods
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Mark J. Lee
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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Jing F, Li Z, Qiao S, Ning H, Zhou S, Li X. Association between immigrant concentration and mental health service utilization in the United States over time: A geospatial big data analysis. Health Place 2023; 83:103055. [PMID: 37311276 PMCID: PMC10527759 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Immigrants (foreign-born United States [US] citizens) generally have lower utilization of mental health services compared with US-born counterparts, but extant studies have not investigated the disparities in mental health service utilization within immigrant population nationwide over time. Leveraging mobile phone-based visitation data, we estimated the average mental health utilization in contiguous US census tracts in 2019, 2020, and 2021 by employing two novel outcomes: mental health service visits and visit-to-need ratio (i.e., visits per depression diagnosis). We then investigated the tract-level association between immigration concentration and mental health service utilization outcomes using mixed-effects linear regression models that accounted for spatial lag effects, time effects, and covariates. This study reveals spatial and temporal disparities in mental health service visits and visit-to-need ratio among different levels of immigrant concentration across the US, both before and during the pandemic. Tracts with higher concentrations of Latin American immigrants showed significantly lower mental health service utilization visits and visit-to-need ratio, particularly in the US West. Tracts with Asian and European immigrant concentrations experienced a more significant decline in mental health service utilization visits and visit-to-need ratio from 2019 to 2020 than those with Latin American concentrations. Meanwhile, in 2021, tracts with Latin American concentrations had the least recovery in mental health service utilization visits. The study highlights the potential of geospatial big data for mental health research and informs public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengrui Jing
- Geoinformation and Big Data Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA; Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Zhenlong Li
- Geoinformation and Big Data Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA; Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Shan Qiao
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA; Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Huan Ning
- Geoinformation and Big Data Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA; Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Suhong Zhou
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Big Data Health Science Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA; Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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Brisola EB, Reis G, Costa M, Bellamy C. Brazilian immigrants in the United States and mental health: An integrative review. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:1303-1311. [PMID: 36924461 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231159800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brazilian immigrants are becoming a more visible minority and, although different from other Latinos (in a linguistic, cultural, historical, and ethnic sense), are usually either counted as Latinos, not included in the Latino samples or simply overlooked in research studies. It is essential to understand the stress and pressures they undergo and appreciate their singular perspective and culturally-infused experiences to meet their needs and improve their mental healthcare and quality of life in the United States. AIM The aim of this review is to understand and describe the experience of Brazilian immigrants in the U.S., related to mental health, assessing what studies have addressed and what is still needing to be researched. METHOD We carried out an integrative review of peer-reviewed articles published between 2011 and 2022 using PychInfo, PubMed, and Proquest, addressing mental health of Brazilian immigrants in the United States. RESULTS A total of 10 articles were included revealing the interest of a variety of fields and uncovering three themes: (1) mental healthcare needs (especially warmth and understanding of culture), (2) common sources of support and stress in the community and work, and (3) Socioeconomic aspects related to their mental health, including discrimination, work-life balance, neighborhood cohesion, and acculturation. CONCLUSIONS Results may be useful to practitioners, researchers, and policy makers, who should be attentive to client's familiarity with the English language, their sources of support, spirituality, specific Brazilian traits, their feeling of 'being invisible', life in community, and their previous experiences with healthcare in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Bv Brisola
- School of Behavior and Social Sciences, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Graziela Reis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark Costa
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chyrell Bellamy
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Gili A, Caminiti M, Lupi C, Zichichi S, Minicucci I, Pezzotti P, Primieri C, Bietta C, Stracci F. Socio-Economic Factors Associated with Ethnic Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Hospitalization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6521. [PMID: 37569061 PMCID: PMC10418672 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that non-Italians presented higher incidence of infection and worse health outcomes if compared to native populations in the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study was to compare Italian- and non-Italian-born health outcomes, accounting for socio-economic levels. METHODS We analyzed data relative to 906,463 people in Umbria (Italy) from 21 February 2020 to 31 May 2021. We considered the National Deprivation Index, the Urban-Rural Municipalities Index and the Human Development Index (HDI) of the country of birth. We used a multilevel logistic regression model to explore the influence of these factors on SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization rates. Diagnosis in the 48 h preceding admission was an indicator of late diagnosis among hospitalized cases. RESULTS Overall, 54,448 persons tested positive (6%), and 9.7% of them were hospitalized. The risk of hospital admission was higher among non-Italians and was inversely related to the HDI of the country of birth. A diagnosis within 48 h before hospitalization was more frequent among non-Italians and correlated to the HDI level. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 had unequal health outcomes among the population in Umbria. Reduced access to primary care services in the non-Italian group could explain our findings. Policies on immigrants' access to primary healthcare need to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gili
- Public Health Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marta Caminiti
- Public Health Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Lupi
- Public Health Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Zichichi
- Public Health Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Minicucci
- Public Health Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Patrizio Pezzotti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Primieri
- Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventive Medicine, Local Health Unit 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carla Bietta
- Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventive Medicine, Local Health Unit 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Stracci
- Public Health Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
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Thomas KJA. Health behaviours and COVID-19 prevention among immigrants in the United States. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2023; 45:837-854. [PMID: 36693012 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has had negative implications for the welfare of immigrant communities. However, few studies have examined the behavioural responses used by immigrants to respond to the spread of the virus. This study uses data from the U.S.-based COVID-19 in American Communities study to examine whether there are disparities in the use of COVID-19 prevention behaviours between first-generation immigrants (i.e., foreign-born persons), second-generation immigrants (i.e., U.S.-born persons with at least one immigrant parent), and third-generation individuals (i.e., U.S.-born persons with only U.S.-born parents). The results indicate that recent first-generation immigrants and second-generation immigrants use the behaviours recommended to prevent the spread of COVID-19 less intensively compared to third-generation individuals. Furthermore, increased exposure to U.S. society is found to have a non-linear relationship with the intense use of these behaviours. Results from the analysis of each preventive behaviour show that there are larger gaps between immigrants and U.S. natives in the use of frequent hand washing and comparatively smaller gaps in the practice of avoiding large crowds. However, the most consistent pattern of low use of COVID-19 prevention behaviours was found among recently arrived first-generation immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J A Thomas
- Department of African and African Diaspora and Sociology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Falla-Aliabadi S, Heydari A, Fatemi F, Yoshany N, Lotfi MH, Sarsangi A, Hanna F. Impact of social and cultural factors on incidence, transmission and control of Coronavirus disease in Iran: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2352. [PMID: 36522718 PMCID: PMC9753076 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14805-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 pandemic has had mixed reactions from nations, people and governments about ways to cope with, prevent and control the disease. The current study identifies social, cultural and policy factors affecting the incidence and control of Coronavirus disease in Iran. METHODS A qualitative study consists of content analysis as well as the views of 20 experienced and knowledgeable subjects specialized in social and cultural health management. The data were gathered using three semi-structured interviews and then continued by 17 semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was done using Graneheim approach. After each interview, the recorded audio files transcript and reviewed. Then codes extracted and divided to categories and sub-categories. RESULTS There are distinct social and cultural factors in coping with Coronavirus disease. These consisted of three categories of governance, individual and community related factors. A total of 17 subcategories and 215 primary codes that were extracted from the text of interviews as variables of the study and in relation to the research question. Ten subdomains of governance including vaccination, political issues, knowledge, support services, administrative services, transportation, health and treatment, culturalization, legislation and, managerial and financial policies impacted the spread and mitigation of the pandemic at various levels. CONCLUSION The management of pandemics requires a comprehensive capacity for identifying and determining social and cultural criteria. A healthy partnership between governments and the community may be required to remove unnecessary obstacles that hinder public health attempt to alleviate the risk. The obtained criteria and indicators from this study may be utilized by policy makers in an attempt to strengthen protocols for mitigating pandemics. Further studies may be warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Falla-Aliabadi
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Accident Prevention and Crisis Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ahad Heydari
- Department of Health in Disaster and Emergencies, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Farin Fatemi
- Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Nooshin Yoshany
- Department of Health education and Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Lotfi
- Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarsangi
- GIS and Remote Sensing Department, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahad Hanna
- Program of Public Health, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, VIC Australia
- Higher Education College, Chisholm Institute, Dandenong, VIC Australia
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Allen JD, Priebe Rocha L, Rose R, Hoch A, Porteny T, Fernandes A, Galvão H. Intention to obtain a COVID-19 vaccine among Brazilian immigrant women in the U.S. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274912. [PMID: 36156603 PMCID: PMC9512217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has disproportionately impacted low-income immigrant communities. There is concern that the current uptake of COVID-19 vaccines is suboptimal and that this may be contributing to COVID-19 inequities. However, little is known about the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines among immigrants in the U.S. Our goal was to gauge COVID-19 vaccine intentions among Brazilian immigrant women living in the U.S. Methods We conducted an online survey between July and August 2020 offered in Portuguese and English languages among a convenience sample of Brazilian immigrant women ages 18 years and older. Women were recruited through online advertisements by community-based organizations and social media groups to complete a survey that assessed intention to get a COVID-19 vaccine, attitudes toward vaccines, and perceptions about the pandemic. Results Of the total sample (N = 353), most (70.8%) indicated they intended to get a COVID-19 vaccine. In bivariate analyses, vaccine intentions were significantly associated with perceptions about the severity of the pandemic, trusted sources of health information, and the number of years lived in the U.S. Multinomial logistic regression models revealed that those who did not intend to be vaccinated had lived a longer time in the U.S. (OR: -0.12 95% CI: -0.19, -0.05), perceived the pandemic to be a minor issue (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 0.62, 2.42), and trusted information from social networks (OR: -1.94, 95% CI: -3.25, -0.63) or private news sources (OR: -1.71, 95% CI: -2.78, -0.63). Conclusions While most women reported they would get a COVID-19 vaccine, efforts to reach those who may be hesitant should target those who have lived in the U.S. for longer periods of time and do not perceive the pandemic to be a major crisis. Healthcare providers may be particularly suited to deliver this information given high levels of trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D. Allen
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Leticia Priebe Rocha
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Rose
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States of America
| | - Annmarie Hoch
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States of America
| | - Thalia Porteny
- Department of Occupational Health, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States of America
| | - Adriana Fernandes
- Office of Immigrant Affairs, City of Somerville, Somerville, MA, United States of America
| | - Heloisa Galvão
- Brazilian Women’s Center, Brighton, MA, United States of America
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Jacques-Aviñó C, López-Jiménez T, Bennett M, Medina-Perucha L, León-Gómez BB, Berenguera A. Self-Reported Anxiety in Spain: A Gendered Approach One Year After the Start of COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:873891. [PMID: 35784235 PMCID: PMC9244400 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.873891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on mental health. However, there is little evidence on how different axes of social inequity influence mental health from a gender perspective and over time. Our aim is to analyze anxiety according to gender identity and other axes of social inequities (migration status, sexual orientation, age, and employment conditions) one year after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. We conducted a cross-sectional study among adults living in Spain with an online survey from April 8 to May 28, 2021. The main variable was anxiety measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Sex-stratified multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association between axes of inequities and anxiety. Our findings (N = 2,053) suggest that women have greater anxiety risk than men (35.2 vs. 28.2%, respectively). We observe in both genders that there is a clear age gradient, with anxiety decreasing as age increases; and that there is an association between worsening employment status and anxiety risk, although there is a difference between women by education level. Additionally, not having Spanish nationality is also associated with greater anxiety risk in women. In men, identifying as non-heterosexual is associated with a higher risk of anxiety. The axes of inequities have different effects according to gender identity. These differences in anxiety risk by population subgroup must be taken into account in order to sensibly and equitably treat the surge in mental health disorders brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Jacques-Aviñó
- Unitat Transversal de Recerca, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomàs López-Jiménez
- Unitat Transversal de Recerca, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthew Bennett
- Unitat Transversal de Recerca, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Medina-Perucha
- Unitat Transversal de Recerca, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anna Berenguera
- Unitat Transversal de Recerca, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament d'Infermeria, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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Flores J, Emory K, Santos X, Mashford-Pringle A, Barahona-Lopez K, Bozinovic K, Adams J, Chen C, Zuo Y, Nguyen D. "I Think the Mental Part Is the Biggest Factor": An Exploratory Qualitative Study of COVID-19 and Its Negative Effects on Indigenous Women in Toronto, Canada. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2022; 7:790397. [PMID: 35586263 PMCID: PMC9108416 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2022.790397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This article explores the unique and understudied experiences of Indigenous women living in Toronto, Canada during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to better document the impacts of COVID-19 on the mental health and wellbeing of Indigenous women in Toronto, Canada to better understand unmet needs, as well as lay the groundwork for more targeted research and potential interventions based on these needs. Using in-depth semi-structured interviews with thirteen Indigenous women, we shed light on the negative effects this pandemic has had on this population. We find that COVID-19 has negatively affected people's mental health, substance use and access to health services. This research speaks to the growing body of work that discusses the harmful effects of COVID-19 generally and how this pandemic has specifically affected Indigenous peoples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Flores
- Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Kristen Emory
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Xuan Santos
- Department of Sociology and Criminology and Justice Studies, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, TX, United States
| | | | - Kati Barahona-Lopez
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, United States
| | - Keston Bozinovic
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer Adams
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Coco Chen
- Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Yandy Zuo
- Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Diana Nguyen
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
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12
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Luo Y, Sato Y. Health-Related Quality of Life and Risk Factors among Chinese Women in Japan Following the COVID-19 Outbreak. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8745. [PMID: 34444494 PMCID: PMC8391302 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected individuals' physical and mental health, including that of immigrant women. This study aimed to evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), identify the demographic factors and awareness of the COVID-19 pandemic contributing to physical and mental health, and examine the risk factors associated with poor physical and mental health of Chinese women in Japan following the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Using an electronic questionnaire survey, we collected data including items on HRQoL, awareness of the COVID-19 pandemic, and demographic factors. One hundred and ninety-three participants were analyzed. Approximately 98.9% of them thought that COVID-19 affected their daily lives, and 97.4% had COVID-19 concerns. Married status (OR = 2.88, 95%CI [1.07, 7.72], p = 0.036), high concerns (OR = 3.99, 95%CI [1.46, 10.94], p = 0.007), and no concerns (OR = 8.75, 95%CI [1.17, 65.52], p = 0.035) about the COVID-19 pandemic were significantly associated with poor physical health. Unmarried status (OR = 2.83, 95%CI [1.20, 6.70], p = 0.018) and high COVID-19 concerns (OR = 2.17, 95%CI [1.04, 4.56], p = 0.040) were significantly associated with poor mental health. It is necessary to provide effective social support for Chinese women in Japan to improve their well-being, especially in terms of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Luo
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan;
| | - Yoko Sato
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
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