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Corbie G, Durant RW, Katz MH. Communities Reverberate From the Harm by Law Enforcement to Unarmed Black Persons. JAMA Intern Med 2024; 184:373-374. [PMID: 38315467 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.8002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Corbie
- Department of Social Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
- Associate Editor, JAMA Internal Medicine
| | - Raegan W Durant
- Associate Editor, JAMA Internal Medicine
- Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Associate Editor, JAMA Internal Medicine
- Medicine/Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Mitchell H Katz
- NYC Health and Hospitals, New York, New York
- Deputy Editor, JAMA Internal Medicine
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Grady D, Allore HG, Corbie G, Covinsky KE, Durant RW, Ganguli I, Gross CP, Katz MH, Mody L, Wang T, Tripodis Y, Inouye SK. Improving Women's Health Across the Life Span-JAMA Internal Medicine Call for Papers. JAMA Intern Med 2024:2816432. [PMID: 38497973 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Raegan W Durant
- Associate Editor, JAMA Internal Medicine
- Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Associate Editor, JAMA Internal Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Lona Mody
- Associate Editor, JAMA Internal Medicine
| | - Tracy Wang
- Associate Editor, JAMA Internal Medicine
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Gross CP, Corbie G. Physicians in Private Equity Practices-Canaries in a Coal Mine? JAMA Intern Med 2024:2816071. [PMID: 38466292 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Cary P Gross
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Associate Editor, JAMA Internal Medicine
| | - Giselle Corbie
- Associate Editor, JAMA Internal Medicine
- Departments of Social Medicine and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
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Corbie G, Katz MH. Access to Reproductive Services and Catholic Hospitals. JAMA Intern Med 2024:2815823. [PMID: 38436968 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.8430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Corbie
- Department of Social Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
- Associate Editor, JAMA Internal Medicine
| | - Mitchell H Katz
- NYC Health and Hospitals, New York, New York
- Deputy Editor, JAMA Internal Medicine
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Naumann RB, Frank M, Shanahan ME, Reyes HLM, Ammerman AS, Corbie G, Austin AE. State Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Policies and Substance Use Rates. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:526-533. [PMID: 37918458 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Food insecurity is associated with the development of substance misuse and use disorders (SUD). This study sought to estimate associations between state Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) eligibility policies and substance-related outcomes. METHODS 2014-2017 SNAP Policy Database and 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health state-level estimates were used to estimate associations between state SNAP eligibility policies and alcohol use disorder (AUD), opioid misuse, illicit drug use disorder (IDUD), SUD, and needing but not receiving SUD treatment. State SNAP policies included those that (1) do not disqualify individuals with a felony drug conviction from SNAP and/or (2) expand SNAP eligibility by increasing the income limit or removing the asset test. Analyses were conducted January-May 2023. RESULTS States that adopted both SNAP eligibility policies had reduced rates of AUD (adjusted rate ratio (aRR): 0.92; 95% CI 0.86, 0.99), opioid misuse (aRR: 0.94; 95% CI 0.89, 0.98), IDUD (aRR: 0.91; 95% CI 0.85, 0.98), SUD (aRR: 0.91; 95% CI 0.85, 0.97), and needing but not receiving SUD treatment (aRR: 0.92; 95% CI 0.87, 0.98) compared to states with neither policy. Among states that did not adopt increases to the income limit or removal of the asset test, those that removed the felony drug disqualification had lower rates of IDUD, SUD, and needing but not receiving SUD treatment, compared to those that maintained a disqualification. CONCLUSIONS Expanded SNAP eligibility could help reduce rates of substance misuse and SUD. Opting out of the federal disqualification on SNAP participation for those with felony drug convictions may be particularly beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Naumann
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Madeline Frank
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Meghan E Shanahan
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - H Luz McNaughton Reyes
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alice S Ammerman
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Giselle Corbie
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anna E Austin
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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Calancie L, Leng XI, Whitsel EA, Cené C, Hassmiller Lich K, Dave G, Corbie G. Racial disparities in stroke incidence in the Women's Health Initiative: Exploring biological, behavioral, psychosocial, and social risk factors. SSM Popul Health 2024; 25:101570. [PMID: 38313870 PMCID: PMC10837642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background - Disparities in incident stroke risk among women by race and ethnicity persist. Few studies report the distribution and association of stroke risk factors by age group among a diverse sample of women. Methods - Data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study collected between 1993 and 2010 were used to calculate cumulative stroke incidence and incidence rates among non-Hispanic African American (NHAA), non-Hispanic white (NHW), and Hispanic white or African American (HWAA) women by age group in participants aged ≥50 years at baseline (N = 77,247). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for biological, behavioral, psychosocial, and socioeconomic factors overall and by race or ethnicity were estimated using sequential Cox proportional hazard regression models. Results - Average follow-up time was 11.52 (SD, 3.48) years. The incident stroke rate was higher among NHAA (306 per 100,000 person-years) compared to NHW (279/100,000py) and HWAA women (147/100,000py) overall and in each age group. The disparity was largest at ages >75 years. The association between stroke risk factors (e.g., smoking, BMI, physical activity) and incident stroke varied across race and ethnicity groups. Higher social support was significantly associated with decreased stroke risk overall (HR:0.84, 95% CI, 0.76, 0.93); the degree of protection varied across race and ethnicity groups. Socioeconomic factors did not contribute additional stroke risk beyond risk conferred by traditional and psychosocial factors. Conclusions - The distribution and association of stroke risk factors differed between NHAA and NHW women. There is a clear need for stroke prevention strategies that address factors driving racial disparities in stroke risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoyan Iris Leng
- Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Eric A. Whitsel
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 321 S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Crystal Cené
- University of San Diego Health, 9300 Campus Point Drive, #7970, USA
| | | | - Gaurav Dave
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 321 S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Giselle Corbie
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 321 S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Drewry MB, Yanguela J, Khanna A, O'Brien S, Phillips E, Bevel MS, McKinley MW, Corbie G, Dave G. A Systematic Review of Electronic Community Resource Referral Systems. Am J Prev Med 2023; 65:1142-1152. [PMID: 37286015 PMCID: PMC10696135 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Community Resource Referral Systems delivered electronically through healthcare information technology systems (e.g., electronic medical records) have become more common in efforts to address patients' unmet health-related social needs. Community Resource Referral System connects patients with social supports such as food assistance, utility support, transportation, and housing. This systematic review identifies barriers and facilitators that influence the Community Resource Referral System's implementation in the U.S. by identifying and synthesizing peer-reviewed literature over a 15-year period. METHODS This systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. A search was conducted on five scientific databases to capture the literature published between January 2005 and December 2020. Data analysis was conducted from August 2021 to July 2022. RESULTS This review includes 41 articles of the 2,473 initial search results. Included literature revealed that Community Resource Referral Systems functioned to address a variety of health-related social needs and were delivered in different ways. Integrating the Community Resource Referral Systems into clinic workflows, maintenance of community-based organization inventories, and strong partnerships between clinics and community-based organizations facilitated implementation. The sensitivity of health-related social needs, technical challenges, and associated costs presented as barriers. Overall, electronic medical records-integration and automation of the referral process was reported as advantageous for the stakeholders. DISCUSSION This review provides information and guidance for healthcare administrators, clinicians, and researchers designing or implementing electronic Community Resource Referral Systems in the U.S. Future studies would benefit from stronger implementation science methodological approaches. Sustainable funding mechanisms for community-based organizations, clear stipulations regarding how healthcare funds can be spent on health-related social needs, and innovative governance structures that facilitate collaboration between clinics and community-based organizations are needed to promote the growth and sustainability of Community Resource Referral Systems in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura B Drewry
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Health Equity Research, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Juan Yanguela
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Health Equity Research, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anisha Khanna
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Health Equity Research, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sara O'Brien
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Health Equity Research, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ethan Phillips
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Health Equity Research, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Malcolm S Bevel
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Health Equity Research, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Augusta University, Department of Medicine, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Mary W McKinley
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Health Equity Research, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Giselle Corbie
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Health Equity Research, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gaurav Dave
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Health Equity Research, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Cross LM, DeFosset A, Yusuf B, Conserve D, Anderson R, Carilli C, Kibbe W, Cohen-Wolkowiez M, Richmond A, Corbie G, Dave G. Exploring barriers and facilitators of implementing an at-home SARS-CoV-2 antigen self-testing intervention: The Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics-Underserved Populations (RADx-UP) initiatives. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294458. [PMID: 37971996 PMCID: PMC10653400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluating community-based programs provides value to researchers, funding entities, and community stakeholders involved in program implementation, and can increase program impact and sustainability. To understand factors related to program implementation, we aimed to capture the perspective of community partners engaged in organizing and executing community-engaged programs to distribute COVID-19 at-home tests in underserved communities. METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews and focus groups with community-based stakeholders informed by the Outcomes for Implementation Research framework. RESULTS Findings describe how community-engaged communication and dissemination strategies drove program adoption among grassroots stakeholders. Establishing and sustaining trusted relationships was vital to engaging partners with aligned values and capacity. Respondents characterized the programs as generally feasible and appropriate, and community partners felt capable of delivering the program successfully. However, they also described an increased burden on their workforce and desired more significant support. Respondents recognized the programs' community engagement practices as a critical facilitator of acceptability and impact. DISCUSSION Implementation evaluation aims to inform current and future community outreach and engagement efforts with best practices. As we continue to inform and advance community-engaged disaster response practice, a parallel reimagining of public health funding mechanisms and timelines could provide a foundation for trust, collaboration, and community resiliency that endures beyond a given crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Maria Cross
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amelia DeFosset
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bola Yusuf
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Donaldson Conserve
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C, United States of America
| | - Rakiah Anderson
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christina Carilli
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Warren Kibbe
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alan Richmond
- Community-Campus Partnerships for Health, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Giselle Corbie
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gaurav Dave
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Johannesson JM, Glover WA, Petti CA, Veldman TH, Tsalik EL, Taylor DH, Hendren S, Neighbors CE, Tillekeratne LG, Kennedy SW, Harper B, Kibbe WA, Corbie G, Cohen-Wolkowiez M, Woods CW, Lee MJ. Access to COVID-19 testing by individuals with housing insecurity during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: a scoping review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1237066. [PMID: 37841714 PMCID: PMC10568314 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1237066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic focused attention on healthcare disparities and inequities faced by individuals within marginalized and structurally disadvantaged groups in the United States. These individuals bore the heaviest burden across this pandemic as they faced increased risk of infection and difficulty in accessing testing and medical care. Individuals experiencing housing insecurity are a particularly vulnerable population given the additional barriers they face. In this scoping review, we identify some of the barriers this high-risk group experienced during the early days of the pandemic and assess novel solutions to overcome these barriers. Methods A scoping review was performed following PRISMA-Sc guidelines looking for studies focusing on COVID-19 testing among individuals experiencing housing insecurity. Barriers as well as solutions to barriers were identified as applicable and summarized using qualitative methods, highlighting particular ways that proved effective in facilitating access to testing access and delivery. Results Ultimately, 42 studies were included in the scoping review, with 143 barriers grouped into four categories: lack of cultural understanding, systemic racism, and stigma; medical care cost, insurance, and logistics; immigration policies, language, and fear of deportation; and other. Out of these 42 studies, 30 of these studies also suggested solutions to address them. Conclusion A paucity of studies have analyzed COVID-19 testing barriers among those experiencing housing insecurity, and this is even more pronounced in terms of solutions to address those barriers. Expanding resources and supporting investigators within this space is necessary to ensure equitable healthcare delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M. Johannesson
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - William A. Glover
- North Carolina State Laboratory of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Cathy A. Petti
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Healthspring Global Inc., Bradenton, FL, United States
| | - Timothy H. Veldman
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, United States
- Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ephraim L. Tsalik
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Donald H. Taylor
- Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Stephanie Hendren
- Duke University Medical Center Library, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Coralei E. Neighbors
- Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Scott W. Kennedy
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Barrie Harper
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Warren A. Kibbe
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Giselle Corbie
- Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Christopher W. Woods
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Mark J. Lee
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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Henry E, Chandler C, Laux J, Noble CC, Corbie G, Fernandez CSP, Dave G. Evaluating Leadership Development Competencies of Clinicians to Build Health Equity in America. J Contin Educ Health Prof 2023:00005141-990000000-00095. [PMID: 37695047 DOI: 10.1097/ceh.0000000000000526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To achieve more equitable health, health care must be grounded in an understanding of social determinants of health. Clinicians need hands-on, equity-centered training in interdisciplinary settings where they can further develop leadership skills and apply learnings in real-time. The Clinical Scholars program trained five cohorts of health care professionals in 25 leadership development competencies to contribute toward advancing health equity within the organizations and communities where they work. This study describes the self-reported ratings of three dimensions of competencies within four domains. METHODS Data from 169 Fellows were collected at three time-points during the three-year training program using Qualtrics and Research Electronic Data Captrue software. Analysis was conducted in R and included descriptive statistics, fitting a linear mixed-effects model using random intercepts, and paired-sample t tests to assess significance between baseline and endpoint ratings. RESULTS We found improved ratings over time for each of the three competency dimensions (knowledge, self-efficacy, use) and significant differences in ratings from baseline to endpoint, by domain (personal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and systems). DISCUSSION These findings support the effectiveness of an equity-centered leadership development curriculum in training health care professionals to address health challenges in their communities and organizations, thereby furthering the broader goal of achieving more equitable health for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellison Henry
- Ms. Henry: PhD Candidate; Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Maternal and Child Health, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC. Dr. Chandler: Teaching Assistant Professor, Department of Maternal and Child Health, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC. Dr. Laux: Research Associate, North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC. Ms. Noble: Independent Consultant, Private Evaluation Consultancy, Scotts Valley, CA. Dr. Corbie: Kenan Distinguished Professor of Social Medicine; Director, Center for Health Equity Research; Vice Provost for Faculty Affairs; Professor, Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC. Dr. Fernandez: Professor, Department of Maternal and Child Health, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC. Dr. Dave: Department of Medicine and Center for Health Equity Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Narayanasamy S, Veldman TH, Lee MJ, Glover WA, Tillekeratne LG, Neighbors CE, Harper B, Raghavan V, Kennedy SW, Carper M, Denny T, Tsalik EL, Reller ME, Kibbe WA, Corbie G, Cohen-Wolkowiez M, Woods CW, Petti CA. RADx-UP Testing Core: Access to COVID-19 Diagnostics in Community-Engaged Research with Underserved Populations. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0036723. [PMID: 37395655 PMCID: PMC10446854 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00367-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the COVID-19 pandemic revealed a disproportionate burden of COVID-19 infection and death among underserved populations and exposed low rates of SARS-CoV-2 testing in these communities. A landmark National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding initiative, the Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics-Underserved Populations (RADx-UP) program, was developed to address the research gap in understanding the adoption of COVID-19 testing in underserved populations. This program is the single largest investment in health disparities and community-engaged research in the history of the NIH. The RADx-UP Testing Core (TC) provides community-based investigators with essential scientific expertise and guidance on COVID-19 diagnostics. This commentary describes the first 2 years of the TC's experience, highlighting the challenges faced and insights gained to safely and effectively deploy large-scale diagnostics for community-initiated research in underserved populations during a pandemic. The success of RADx-UP shows that community-based research to increase access and uptake of testing among underserved populations can be accomplished during a pandemic with tools, resources, and multidisciplinary expertise provided by a centralized testing-specific coordinating center. We developed adaptive tools to support individual testing strategies and frameworks for these diverse studies and ensured continuous monitoring of testing strategies and use of study data. In a rapidly evolving setting of tremendous uncertainty, the TC provided essential and real-time technical expertise to support safe, effective, and adaptive testing. The lessons learned go beyond this pandemic and can serve as a framework for rapid deployment of testing in response to future crises, especially when populations are affected inequitably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Narayanasamy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Mark J. Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - William A. Glover
- North Carolina State Laboratory of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - L. Gayani Tillekeratne
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Coralei E. Neighbors
- Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barrie Harper
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vidya Raghavan
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott W. Kennedy
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Miranda Carper
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ephraim L. Tsalik
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Megan E. Reller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Warren A. Kibbe
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Giselle Corbie
- Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Social Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher W. Woods
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cathy A. Petti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Healthspring Global Inc., Bradenton, Florida, USA
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Baxter SLK, Corbie G, Griffin SF. Contextualizing physical activity in rural adults: Do relationships between income inequality, neighborhood environments, and physical activity exist? Health Serv Res 2023. [PMID: 37208903 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.14183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine if income inequality, social cohesion, and neighborhood walkability are associated with physical activity among rural adults. DATA SOURCE Cross-sectional data came from a telephone survey (August 2020-March 2021) that examined food access, physical activity, and neighborhood environments across rural counties in a southeastern state. STUDY DESIGN Multinomial logistic regression models assessed the likelihood of being active versus inactive and insufficiently active versus inactive in this rural population. Coefficients are presented as relative risk ratios (RRRs). Statistical significance was determined using 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All analyses were performed in STATA 16.1. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS Trained university students administered the survey. Students verbally obtained consent, read survey items, and recorded responses into Qualtrics software. Upon survey completion, respondents were mailed a $10 incentive card and printed informed consent form. Eligible participants were ≥18 years old and current residents of included counties. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Respondents in neighborhoods with relatively high social cohesion versus low social cohesion were more likely to be active than inactive (RRR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.27-4.90, p < 0.01), after accounting for all other variables in the model. Income inequality and neighborhood walkability were not associated with different levels of physical activity in the rural sample. CONCLUSIONS Study findings contribute to limited knowledge on the relationship between neighborhood environmental contexts and physical activity among rural populations. The health effects of neighborhood social cohesion warrant more attention in health equity research and consideration when developing multilevel interventions to improve the health of rural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L K Baxter
- Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Giselle Corbie
- Center for Health Equity Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah F Griffin
- Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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Austin AE, Frank M, Shanahan ME, Reyes HLM, Corbie G, Naumann RB. Association of State Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Eligibility Policies With Adult Mental Health and Suicidality. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e238415. [PMID: 37058301 PMCID: PMC10105313 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.8415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Food insecurity is associated with an increased likelihood of poor mental health and suicidality. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the largest program addressing food insecurity in the US; under broad-based categorical eligibility (BBCE), states have the option to expand SNAP eligibility to a greater number of households by eliminating the asset test or increasing the income limit for eligibility. Objectives To examine the association of state elimination of the asset test and increases in the income limit for SNAP eligibility with rates of mental health and suicidality outcomes among adults. Design, Setting, and Participants This ecological cross-sectional study used 2014 to 2017 data on US adults from the National Vital Statistics System and 2015 to 2019 data on US adults from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) State-Level Small Area Estimates. Analyses were conducted between September and November 2022. Exposures State elimination of the asset test only and state adoption of both SNAP eligibility policies (ie, state elimination of the asset test and increases in the income limit) for 2014 to 2017 from the SNAP Policy Database. Main Outcomes and Measures Number of adults with a past-year major depressive disorder, mental illness, serious mental illness, or suicidal ideation and number of adults who died by suicide. Results Analyses included 407 391 adult NSDUH participants and 173 085 adults who died by suicide. State elimination of the asset test only was associated with decreased rates of past-year major depressive episodes (rate ratio [RR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87-0.98) and mental illness (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87-0.97) among adults. State adoption of both SNAP eligibility policies (ie, state elimination of the asset test and increases in the income limit) was associated with decreased rates of past-year major depressive episodes (RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.99), mental illness (RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87-0.98), serious mental illness (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84-0.99), and suicidal ideation (RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82-0.96). Results suggested a decreased rate of suicide death (RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.84-1.02) in states with both policies compared with states with neither policy, although this result was not statistically significant. Conclusions and Relevance State adoption of policies that expand SNAP eligibility may contribute to decreased rates of multiple mental health and suicidality outcomes at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Austin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Madeline Frank
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Meghan E Shanahan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - H Luz McNaughton Reyes
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Giselle Corbie
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Rebecca B Naumann
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
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Smith C, Frerichs L, Hoover S, Robinson-Ezekwe N, Khanna A, Wynn M, Ellerby B, Joyner L, Lindau ST, Corbie G. "If you're in a community together, then you're basically a family": Perceptions of community among a predominantly African-American/Black youth cohort in a semi-rural region in the Southeastern United States. J Community Psychol 2023; 51:880-905. [PMID: 36349440 PMCID: PMC10006289 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Geographic racism gives rise to health inequities that impact communities in detrimental ways. Southern ethnic minority groups, particularly African American/Black semi-rural communities, are subject to especially unjust outcomes in health, education, and wealth. Asset-based community development (ABCD) is a way of engaging with communities in participatory and positive ways that center community voices as expert. Youth can participate in ABCD, are sensitive to the ways in which their communities are structured, and have insights as to how to improve the places they live. We undertook a qualitative interview study which included a cognitive mapping exercise with 28 youth to understand how African American/Black youth who had participated in an ABCD-informed summer program conceptualized community and preferences about where they lived. Using a phenomenological approach to qualitative analysis, our study revealed that many youth defined community as a combination of people and place, enjoyed engaging with unique resources in their communities as well as seeking peace and quiet, experienced hardships as "something everybody knows" when observing constraints on their communities, and were committed to their communities and interested in seeing-and participating in-their flourishing. Our study provides a nuanced and contemporary understanding of the ways in which African American/Black semi-rural youth experience community which can contribute to cyclical asset-based development strategy aimed at empowering young people and improving health outcomes in resilient communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cambray Smith
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Leah Frerichs
- Gillings Global School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Stephanie Hoover
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Nicole Robinson-Ezekwe
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Anisha Khanna
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Brian Ellerby
- Opportunities Industrialization Center, Inc., Rocky Mount, NC
| | - Linda Joyner
- Opportunities Industrialization Center, Inc., Rocky Mount, NC
| | - Stacy Tessler Lindau
- Department of OB/GYN, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Giselle Corbie
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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Carter-Edwards L, Leverty R, Bilheimer A, Bailey L, Adeshina B, Shrestha P, Yu Z, Dave G, Cohen-Wolkowiez M, Kibbe W, Corbie G. Adapting the Evidence Academy model for virtual stakeholder engagement in a national setting during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e98. [PMID: 37250998 PMCID: PMC10225263 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic raised the importance of adaptive capacity and preparedness when engaging historically marginalized populations in research and practice. The Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics in Underserved Populations' COVID-19 Equity Evidence Academy Series (RADx-UP EA) is a virtual, national, interactive conference model designed to support and engage community-academic partnerships in a collaborative effort to improve practices that overcome disparities in SARS-CoV-2 testing and testing technologies. The RADx-UP EA promotes information sharing, critical reflection and discussion, and creation of translatable strategies for health equity. Staff and faculty from the RADx-UP Coordination and Data Collection Center developed three EA events with diverse geographic, racial, and ethnic representation of attendees from RADx-UP community-academic project teams: February 2021 (n = 319); November 2021 (n = 242); and September 2022 (n = 254). Each EA event included a data profile; 2-day, virtual event; event summary report; community dissemination product; and an evaluation strategy. Operational and translational delivery processes were iteratively adapted for each EA across one or more of five adaptive capacity domains: assets, knowledge and learning, social organization, flexibility, and innovation. The RADx-UP EA model can be generalized beyond RADx-UP and tailored by community and academic input to respond to local or national health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renee Leverty
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alicia Bilheimer
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lindsay Bailey
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bukola Adeshina
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | | | - Zhitong Yu
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gaurav Dave
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Warren Kibbe
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Giselle Corbie
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Austin AE, Shanahan ME, Frank M, Naumann RB, McNaughton Reyes HL, Corbie G, Ammerman AS. Association of State Expansion of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Eligibility With Rates of Child Protective Services-Investigated Reports. JAMA Pediatr 2023; 177:294-302. [PMID: 36689239 PMCID: PMC9871943 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.5348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Importance States in the US have the option to eliminate the asset test and/or increase the income limit for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) eligibility under a policy called broad-based categorical eligibility (BBCE). Given associations of economic hardships, including food insecurity, with child protective services (CPS) involvement, state adoption of these policies may be associated with changes in rates of CPS-investigated reports. Objective To examine the association of state elimination of the asset test and increases in the income limit for SNAP eligibility under BBCE with rates of CPS-investigated reports. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional ecologic study used data from 2006 to 2019 obtained from the SNAP Policy Database and the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System Child Files and difference-in-differences analyses. The data were analyzed from March to September 2022. The study used CPS-investigated reports for suspected child abuse and neglect from 37 US states to examine elimination of the asset test, from 36 states to examine increases in the income limit, and from 26 states to examine adoption of both policies. Exposures State elimination of the asset test, increases in the income limit, and adoption of both policies to expand SNAP eligibility. Main Outcomes and Measures Number of CPS-investigated reports, overall and specifically for neglect and physical abuse, per 1000 child population. Results From 2006 to 2019 for all 50 states and the District of Columbia, there were a total of 29 213 245 CPS-investigated reports. By race and ethnicity, 19.8% of CPS-investigated reports were among non-Hispanic Black children and 45.7% among non-Hispanic White children (hereafter referred to as Black and White children). On average, there were 8.2 fewer CPS-investigated reports (95% CI, -12.6 to -4.0) per 1000 child population per year in states that eliminated the asset test, 5.0 fewer CPS-investigated reports (95% CI, -10.8 to 0.7) per 1000 child population per year in states that increased the income limit, and 9.3 fewer CPS-investigated reports (95% CI, -15.6 to -3.1) per 1000 child population per year in states that adopted both SNAP policies than there would have been if these states had not adopted these policies. There were decreases in CPS-investigated reports for neglect in states that adopted either or both policies, and small decreases in CPS-investigated reports for physical abuse in states that increased the income limit or adopted both policies. There were decreases in CPS-investigated reports among both Black and White children. For example, there were 6.5 fewer CPS-investigated reports among Black children (95% CI, -14.6 to 1.6) and 8.7 fewer CPS-investigated reports among White children (95% CI, -15.8 to -1.6) in states that adopted both SNAP policies than there would have been if these states had not adopted these policies. Conclusions and Relevance Results from this cross-sectional study suggest that state expansion of SNAP eligibility through elimination of the asset test and increases in the income limit may contribute to decreases in rates of CPS-investigated reports. These results can inform ongoing debates regarding SNAP policy options, specifically BBCE, and prevention efforts for child abuse and neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Austin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Meghan E. Shanahan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Madeline Frank
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Rebecca B. Naumann
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - H. Luz McNaughton Reyes
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Giselle Corbie
- Center for Health Equity Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Alice S. Ammerman
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Frerichs L, Smith C, Hoover S, Robinson-Ezekwe N, Khanna A, Ellerby B, Joyner L, Wynn M, Wrenn J, Stith D, Lindau S, Corbie G. Comparative Evaluation of 2 Work Experience Approaches for Predominantly Black Youth in a Rural Community: Implications for Public Health Workforce Development. J Public Health Manag Pract 2023; 29:21-32. [PMID: 36448755 PMCID: PMC9718253 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In order to create a more diverse workforce, there is a need to involve historically excluded youth in public health-related work. Youth involvement in asset-based work experience approaches is especially relevant for rural areas with workforce shortages. OBJECTIVE To explore the public health workforce development implications of community-based career exploration and asset mapping work experience from the perspective of Black youth. DESIGN We used qualitative in-depth interviews with youth, aged 14 to 22 years, who participated in a work experience program anchored in several rural counties in southeastern United States. A phenomenological lens was applied for qualitative analyses with iterative, team-based data coding. Participants were also surveyed pre- and postprogram to supplement findings. PROGRAM A rural community-based organization's work experience program consisted of 2 tracks: (1) Youth Connect-a career exploration track that included work placement within community agencies; and (2) MAPSCorps-a track that employs youth to conduct asset mapping for their community. RESULTS We interviewed 28 of 31 total participants in the 2 tracks. We uncovered 4 emergent profiles in how youth described shifts in their perceptions of community: (1) Skill Developers; (2) Community Questioners; (3) Community Observers; and (4) Community Enthusiasts. In comparing between tracks, youth who participated in work experience that involved asset mapping uniquely described increased observation and expanded view of community resources and had greater increases in research self-efficacy than youth who participated only in career exploration. CONCLUSION Asset mapping work experience that is directly placed in rural communities can expose Black youth to and engage them in essential public health services (assessing and mobilizing community assets) that impact their community. This type of program, directly integrated into rural communities rather than placed near academic centers, could play a role in creating a more diverse public health workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Frerichs
- Gillings Global School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Cambray Smith
- Gillings Global School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Stephanie Hoover
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Nicole Robinson-Ezekwe
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Anisha Khanna
- Gillings Global School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Brian Ellerby
- Opportunities Industrialization Center, Inc., Rocky Mount, NC
| | - Linda Joyner
- Opportunities Industrialization Center, Inc., Rocky Mount, NC
| | | | - Jonina Wrenn
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Doris Stith
- Community Enrichment Organization, Tarboro, NC
| | - Stacy Lindau
- Department of OB/GYN, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Giselle Corbie
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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Abstract
Enduring questions about equity are front and center at this watershed moment in health care and public health. Inequities that became evident in the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 have highlighted long-standing disparities in health by race and ethnicity. Current crises require examining and reorienting the systems that have, for decades, produced these health inequities; yet, public health and health care leaders are inadequately prepared to respond. The authors offer an equity-centered leadership framework to support the development of visionary leaders for tomorrow. This framework for leadership development programs interweaves traditional leadership and equity, diversity, and inclusion domains in both conceptual knowledge and skills-based teaching for health care and public health leaders, grouping competencies and skills into 4 domains: personal, interpersonal, organizational, and community and systems. A framework such as this will equip leaders with the mindset and skill set to challenge the paradigms that lead to inequity and health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Corbie
- G. Corbie is Kenan Distinguished Professor, Department of Social Medicine and Department of Medicine, and director, Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kathleen Brandert
- K. Brandert is assistant dean of practice and assistant professor, Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Claudia S.P. Fernandez
- C.S.P. Fernandez is professor, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Cheryl C. Noble
- C.C. Noble is an evaluation consultant, Scotts Valley, California
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Affiliation(s)
- Utibe R Essien
- Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Giselle Corbie
- Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Social Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA
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Corbie G, Brandert K, Noble CC, Henry E, Dave G, Berthiume R, Green M, Fernandez CSP. Advancing Health Equity Through Equity-Centered Leadership Development with Interprofessional Healthcare Teams. J Gen Intern Med 2022; 37:4120-4129. [PMID: 35657467 PMCID: PMC9165542 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-022-07529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Events of spring 2020-the COVID19 pandemic and re-birth of a social justice movement-have thrown disparities in disease risk, morbidity, and mortality in sharp relief. In response, healthcare organizations have shifted attentions and resources towards equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) issues and initiatives like never before. Focused, proven equity-centered skill and mindset development is needed for healthcare professionals to operationalize these pledges and stated aims. AIM This article highlights program evaluation results for this Clinical Scholars National Leadership Institute (CSNLI) specific to EDI. We will show that CSNLI imparts the valuable and essential skills to health professionals that are needed to realize health equity through organizational and system change. SETTING Initial cohort of 29 participants in CSNLI, engaging in the program over 3 years through in-person and distance-based learning offerings and activities. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The CSNLI is a 3-year, intensive leadership program that centers EDI skill development across personal, interpersonal, organizational, and systems domains through its design, competencies, and curriculum. PROGRAM EVALUATION A robust evaluation following the Kirkpatrick Model offers analysis of four data collecting activities related to program participants' EDI learning, behavioral change, and results. DISCUSSION Over the course of the program, participants made significant gains in competencies related to equity, diversity, and inclusion. Furthermore, participants demonstrated growth in behavior change and leadership activities in the areas of organizational and system change. Results demonstrate the need to center both leader and leadership development on equity, diversity, and inclusion curriculum to make real change in the US Healthcare System.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Corbie
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Kathleen Brandert
- Office of Public Health Practice and Department of Health Promotion, Social and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Cheryl C Noble
- Leadership Evaluation Consultant, Scotts Valley, CA, USA
| | - Ellison Henry
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gaurav Dave
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rachel Berthiume
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Melissa Green
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Claudia S P Fernandez
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Corbie G, D'Agostino EM, Knox S, Richmond A, Woods CW, Dave G, Perreira KM, Marsolo K, Wruck LM, Kibbe WA, Cohen-Wolkowiez M. RADx-UP Coordination and Data Collection: An Infrastructure for COVID-19 Testing Disparities Research. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:S858-S863. [PMID: 36194852 PMCID: PMC9707715 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.306953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Corbie
- Giselle Corbie and Krista M. Perreira are with the Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Giselle Corbie is also a guest editor of this special issue. Emily M. D'Agostino is with the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, and is also a guest editor of this special issue. Susan Knox, Lisa M. Wruck, and Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez are with the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine. Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez is also a guest editor of this special issue. Al Richmond is with Community-Campus Partnerships for Health, Raleigh, NC. Christopher W. Woods is with the Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine. Gaurav Dave is with the Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Keith Marsolo is with the Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine. Warren A. Kibbe is with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, and is also a guest editor of this special issue
| | - Emily M D'Agostino
- Giselle Corbie and Krista M. Perreira are with the Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Giselle Corbie is also a guest editor of this special issue. Emily M. D'Agostino is with the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, and is also a guest editor of this special issue. Susan Knox, Lisa M. Wruck, and Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez are with the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine. Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez is also a guest editor of this special issue. Al Richmond is with Community-Campus Partnerships for Health, Raleigh, NC. Christopher W. Woods is with the Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine. Gaurav Dave is with the Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Keith Marsolo is with the Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine. Warren A. Kibbe is with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, and is also a guest editor of this special issue
| | - Susan Knox
- Giselle Corbie and Krista M. Perreira are with the Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Giselle Corbie is also a guest editor of this special issue. Emily M. D'Agostino is with the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, and is also a guest editor of this special issue. Susan Knox, Lisa M. Wruck, and Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez are with the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine. Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez is also a guest editor of this special issue. Al Richmond is with Community-Campus Partnerships for Health, Raleigh, NC. Christopher W. Woods is with the Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine. Gaurav Dave is with the Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Keith Marsolo is with the Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine. Warren A. Kibbe is with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, and is also a guest editor of this special issue
| | - Al Richmond
- Giselle Corbie and Krista M. Perreira are with the Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Giselle Corbie is also a guest editor of this special issue. Emily M. D'Agostino is with the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, and is also a guest editor of this special issue. Susan Knox, Lisa M. Wruck, and Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez are with the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine. Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez is also a guest editor of this special issue. Al Richmond is with Community-Campus Partnerships for Health, Raleigh, NC. Christopher W. Woods is with the Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine. Gaurav Dave is with the Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Keith Marsolo is with the Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine. Warren A. Kibbe is with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, and is also a guest editor of this special issue
| | - Christopher W Woods
- Giselle Corbie and Krista M. Perreira are with the Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Giselle Corbie is also a guest editor of this special issue. Emily M. D'Agostino is with the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, and is also a guest editor of this special issue. Susan Knox, Lisa M. Wruck, and Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez are with the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine. Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez is also a guest editor of this special issue. Al Richmond is with Community-Campus Partnerships for Health, Raleigh, NC. Christopher W. Woods is with the Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine. Gaurav Dave is with the Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Keith Marsolo is with the Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine. Warren A. Kibbe is with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, and is also a guest editor of this special issue
| | - Gaurav Dave
- Giselle Corbie and Krista M. Perreira are with the Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Giselle Corbie is also a guest editor of this special issue. Emily M. D'Agostino is with the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, and is also a guest editor of this special issue. Susan Knox, Lisa M. Wruck, and Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez are with the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine. Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez is also a guest editor of this special issue. Al Richmond is with Community-Campus Partnerships for Health, Raleigh, NC. Christopher W. Woods is with the Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine. Gaurav Dave is with the Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Keith Marsolo is with the Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine. Warren A. Kibbe is with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, and is also a guest editor of this special issue
| | - Krista M Perreira
- Giselle Corbie and Krista M. Perreira are with the Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Giselle Corbie is also a guest editor of this special issue. Emily M. D'Agostino is with the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, and is also a guest editor of this special issue. Susan Knox, Lisa M. Wruck, and Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez are with the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine. Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez is also a guest editor of this special issue. Al Richmond is with Community-Campus Partnerships for Health, Raleigh, NC. Christopher W. Woods is with the Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine. Gaurav Dave is with the Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Keith Marsolo is with the Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine. Warren A. Kibbe is with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, and is also a guest editor of this special issue
| | - Keith Marsolo
- Giselle Corbie and Krista M. Perreira are with the Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Giselle Corbie is also a guest editor of this special issue. Emily M. D'Agostino is with the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, and is also a guest editor of this special issue. Susan Knox, Lisa M. Wruck, and Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez are with the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine. Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez is also a guest editor of this special issue. Al Richmond is with Community-Campus Partnerships for Health, Raleigh, NC. Christopher W. Woods is with the Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine. Gaurav Dave is with the Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Keith Marsolo is with the Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine. Warren A. Kibbe is with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, and is also a guest editor of this special issue
| | - Lisa M Wruck
- Giselle Corbie and Krista M. Perreira are with the Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Giselle Corbie is also a guest editor of this special issue. Emily M. D'Agostino is with the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, and is also a guest editor of this special issue. Susan Knox, Lisa M. Wruck, and Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez are with the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine. Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez is also a guest editor of this special issue. Al Richmond is with Community-Campus Partnerships for Health, Raleigh, NC. Christopher W. Woods is with the Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine. Gaurav Dave is with the Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Keith Marsolo is with the Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine. Warren A. Kibbe is with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, and is also a guest editor of this special issue
| | - Warren A Kibbe
- Giselle Corbie and Krista M. Perreira are with the Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Giselle Corbie is also a guest editor of this special issue. Emily M. D'Agostino is with the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, and is also a guest editor of this special issue. Susan Knox, Lisa M. Wruck, and Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez are with the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine. Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez is also a guest editor of this special issue. Al Richmond is with Community-Campus Partnerships for Health, Raleigh, NC. Christopher W. Woods is with the Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine. Gaurav Dave is with the Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Keith Marsolo is with the Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine. Warren A. Kibbe is with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, and is also a guest editor of this special issue
| | - Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
- Giselle Corbie and Krista M. Perreira are with the Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Giselle Corbie is also a guest editor of this special issue. Emily M. D'Agostino is with the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, and is also a guest editor of this special issue. Susan Knox, Lisa M. Wruck, and Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez are with the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine. Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez is also a guest editor of this special issue. Al Richmond is with Community-Campus Partnerships for Health, Raleigh, NC. Christopher W. Woods is with the Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine. Gaurav Dave is with the Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Keith Marsolo is with the Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine. Warren A. Kibbe is with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, and is also a guest editor of this special issue
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Boulware LE, Vitale A, Ruiz R, Corbie G, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Wilkins CH, Egede LE. Diversity, equity and inclusion actions from the NCATS Clinical and Translational Science awarded programs. Nat Med 2022; 28:1730-1731. [PMID: 35764682 PMCID: PMC9244304 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01863-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfred Vitale
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Raquel Ruiz
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Giselle Corbie
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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23
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D'Agostino EM, Corbie G, Kibbe WA, Hornik CP, Richmond A, Dunston A, Damman A, Wruck L, Alvarado M, Cohen-Wolkowiez M. Increasing Access and Uptake of SARS-CoV-2 At-Home Tests Using a Community-Engaged Approach. Prev Med Rep 2022; 29:101967. [PMID: 36061814 PMCID: PMC9424120 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inequalities around COVID-19 testing and vaccination persist in the U.S. health system. We investigated whether a community-engaged approach could be used to distribute free, at-home, rapid SARS-CoV-2 tests to underserved populations. Between November 18-December 31, 2021, 400,000 tests were successfully distributed via 67 community partners and a mobile unit to a majority Hispanic/Latino/Spanish population in Merced County, California. Testing before gathering (59 %) was the most common testing reason. Asians versus Whites were more likely to test for COVID-19 if they had close contact with someone who may have been positive (odds ratio [OR] = 3.4, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.7–6.7). Minors versus adults were more likely to test if they had close contact with someone who was confirmed positive (OR = 1.7, 95 % CI = 1.0–3.0), whereas Asian (OR = 4.1, 95 % CI = 1.2–13.7) and Hispanic/Latino/Spanish (OR = 2.5, 95 % CI = 1.0–6.6) versus White individuals were more likely to test if they had a positive household member. Asians versus Whites were more likely to receive a positive test result. Minors were less likely than adults to have been vaccinated (OR = 0.2, 95 % CI = 0.1–0.3). Among unvaccinated individuals, those who completed the survey in English versus Spanish indicated they were more likely to get vaccinated in the future (OR = 8.2, 95 % CI = 1.5–44.4). Asians versus Whites were less likely to prefer accessing oral COVID medications from a pharmacy/drug store only compared with a doctor’s office or community setting (OR = 0.3, 95 % CI = 0.2–0.6). Study findings reinforce the need for replicable and scalable community-engaged strategies for reducing COVID-19 disparities by increasing SARS-CoV-2 test and vaccine access and uptake.
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Carrillo GA, Cohen-Wolkowiez M, D'Agostino EM, Marsolo K, Wruck LM, Johnson L, Topping J, Richmond A, Corbie G, Kibbe WA. Standardizing, Harmonizing, and Protecting Data Collection to Broaden the Impact of COVID-19 Research: The Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics-Underserved Populations (RADx-up) Initiative. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2022; 29:1480-1488. [PMID: 35678579 PMCID: PMC9382379 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics-Underserved Populations (RADx-UP) program is a consortium of community-engaged research projects with the goal of increasing access to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tests in underserved populations. To accelerate clinical research, common data elements (CDEs) were selected and refined to standardize data collection and enhance cross-consortium analysis. Materials and Methods The RADx-UP consortium began with more than 700 CDEs from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) CDE Repository, Disaster Research Response (DR2) guidelines, and the PHENotypes and eXposures (PhenX) Toolkit. Following a review of initial CDEs, we made selections and further refinements through an iterative process that included live forums, consultations, and surveys completed by the first 69 RADx-UP projects. Results Following a multistep CDE development process, we decreased the number of CDEs, modified the question types, and changed the CDE wording. Most research projects were willing to collect and share demographic NIH Tier 1 CDEs, with the top exception reason being a lack of CDE applicability to the project. The NIH RADx-UP Tier 1 CDE with the lowest frequency of collection and sharing was sexual orientation. Discussion We engaged a wide range of projects and solicited bidirectional input to create CDEs. These RADx-UP CDEs could serve as the foundation for a patient-centered informatics architecture allowing the integration of disease-specific databases to support hypothesis-driven clinical research in underserved populations. Conclusion A community-engaged approach using bidirectional feedback can lead to the better development and implementation of CDEs in underserved populations during public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Carrillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Emily M D'Agostino
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Keith Marsolo
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lisa M Wruck
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Laura Johnson
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James Topping
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Al Richmond
- Community-Campus Partnerships for Health, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Giselle Corbie
- Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Social Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Warren A Kibbe
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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25
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Boulware LE, Corbie G, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Wilkins CH, Ruiz R, Vitale A, Egede LE. Combating Structural Inequities - Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Clinical and Translational Research. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:201-203. [PMID: 35029847 DOI: 10.1056/nejmp2112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Ebony Boulware
- From Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (L.E.B.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (G.C.) - both in North Carolina; the University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento (S.A.-G.); Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville (C.H.W.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (R.R., A.V.); and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (L.E.E.)
| | - Giselle Corbie
- From Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (L.E.B.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (G.C.) - both in North Carolina; the University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento (S.A.-G.); Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville (C.H.W.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (R.R., A.V.); and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (L.E.E.)
| | - Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola
- From Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (L.E.B.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (G.C.) - both in North Carolina; the University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento (S.A.-G.); Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville (C.H.W.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (R.R., A.V.); and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (L.E.E.)
| | - Consuelo H Wilkins
- From Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (L.E.B.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (G.C.) - both in North Carolina; the University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento (S.A.-G.); Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville (C.H.W.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (R.R., A.V.); and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (L.E.E.)
| | - Raquel Ruiz
- From Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (L.E.B.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (G.C.) - both in North Carolina; the University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento (S.A.-G.); Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville (C.H.W.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (R.R., A.V.); and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (L.E.E.)
| | - Alfred Vitale
- From Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (L.E.B.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (G.C.) - both in North Carolina; the University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento (S.A.-G.); Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville (C.H.W.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (R.R., A.V.); and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (L.E.E.)
| | - Leonard E Egede
- From Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (L.E.B.), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (G.C.) - both in North Carolina; the University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento (S.A.-G.); Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville (C.H.W.); the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (R.R., A.V.); and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (L.E.E.)
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26
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Boulware LE, Vitale A, Ruiz R, Corbie G, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Wilkins CH, Egede LE. Author Correction: Diversity, equity and inclusion actions from the NCATS Clinical and Translational Science awarded programs. Nat Med 2022; 28:2217. [PMID: 35945285 PMCID: PMC9744123 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01995-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Ebony Boulware
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Alfred Vitale
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Raquel Ruiz
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Giselle Corbie
- grid.10698.360000000122483208University of North Carolina Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684University California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Consuelo H. Wilkins
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Leonard E. Egede
- grid.30760.320000 0001 2111 8460Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
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27
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Fernandez CSP, Corbie G. Clinical Scholars: Six Core Conclusions for Training Healthcare Professionals as Leaders Impacting Unbounded Systems. J of Leadership Studies 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jls.21785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia S. P. Fernandez
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Giselle Corbie
- Department of Social Medicine, UNC School of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA
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28
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Cohen JR, Parikh S, Grella L, Sarfati I, Corbie G, Danna D, Wise L. Role of the neutrophil in abdominal aortic aneurysm development. Cardiovasc Surg 1993; 1:373-6. [PMID: 8076062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Elastase release by neutrophils has been implicated in the etiology of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The present study investigated whether neutrophils in patients with AAA actively synthesize the neutrophil elastase enzyme and the effect of elastin-derived peptides on neutrophil elastase release. Total neutrophil elastase in patients with AAA was significantly higher than in those with aortic occlusive disease and controls. The neutrophil elastase gene was not expressed in any patient group. Elastin-derived peptides induced elastase release, which was significantly higher in patients with AAA than in those with aortic occlusive disease and controls. These data indicate that the peptides of elastin degradation stimulate the release of elastase, but that continuing production of elastase is absent in circulating neutrophils. It is concluded that: (1) neutrophils do not actively synthesize elastase but act as 'mules' or carriers of the enzyme; and (2) elastin breakdown products stimulate the release of elastase at the aortic wall by circulating neutrophils, which in patients with AAA have a predetermined increased amount of elastase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Cohen
- Department of Surgery, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY 11042
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