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Negarandeh R, Shahmari M, Zare L. Stigmatization experiences of healthcare workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:823. [PMID: 39020333 PMCID: PMC11253434 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers face the stigmatization of those caring for COVID-19 patients, creating a significant social problem. Therefore, this study investigated the stigmatization of healthcare workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS In this scoping review study, searches were conducted from December 2019 to August 2023 in Persian and English using various databases and search engines including PubMed (Medline), Embase, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, ProQuest, Science Direct, Springer, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and national databases. The study used English keywords such as Social Stigma, Health Personnel, Healthcare Worker, Medical Staff, Medical Personal, Physicians, doctors, Nurses, nursing staff, COVID-19, and coronavirus disease 2019, and their Persian equivalents, and their Persian equivalents to explore healthcare workers' experiences of COVID-19-related stigma. RESULTS From a total of 12,200 search results, 77 eligible studies were included in this study. stigmatization of healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients was evident from the literature because of fear, misinformation, and negative self-image. Manifestations were violence and deprivation of social rights, resulting in adverse biopsychosocial, occupational, and economic consequences. This condition can affect negatively health staff themselves, their families, and society as well. Anti-stigmatization measures include informing society about the realities faced by healthcare workers, presenting an accurate and empathetic image of health workers, providing psychosocial support to health workers, and encouraging them to turn to spirituality as a coping mechanism. There are notable research gaps in comprehending the phenomenon, exploring its variations across diverse healthcare roles and cultural contexts, examining its long-term effects, and monitoring shifts in stigma perceptions over time. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the stigmatization of healthcare workers, causing mistreatment and rights violations. This stigma persists even post-pandemic, posing a psychological dilemma for caregivers. Addressing this requires comprehensive strategies, including tailored stigma prevention programs and research to understand its psychological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Negarandeh
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehraban Shahmari
- Department of Medical-Surgical, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Leily Zare
- Department of Medical Surgical, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Janoušková M, Pekara J, Kučera M, Kearns PB, Šeblová J, Wolfová K, Kuklová M, Šeblová D. Experiences of stigma, discrimination and violence and their impact on the mental health of health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10534. [PMID: 38720009 PMCID: PMC11078939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Health care workers have been exposed to COVID-19 more than people in other professions, which may have led to stigmatization, discrimination, and violence toward them, possibly impacting their mental health. We investigated (1) factors associated with stigma, discrimination, and violence, (2) the association of stigma, discrimination, and violence with mental health, (3) everyday experiences of stigmatization, discrimination, and violence. We chose a combination of a quantitative approach and qualitative content analysis to analyze data collected at three time points: in 2020, 2021 and 2022. A higher age was associated with lower odds of experiencing stigma, discrimination, and violence, whereas female gender was related to more negative experiences. The intensity of exposure to COVID-19 was associated with greater experience with stigmatization, discrimination, and violence across all three years (for example in 2022: odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.74, 1.18-2.55 for mild exposure; 2.82, 1.95-4.09 for moderate exposure; and 5.74, 3.55-9.26 for severe exposure, when compared to no exposure). Stigma, discrimination, and violence were most strongly associated with psychological distress in 2020 (odds ratio = 2.97, 95% confidence interval 2.27-3.88) and with depressive symptoms in 2021 (odds ratio = 2.78, 95% confidence interval 2.12-3.64). Attention should be given to the destigmatization of contagious diseases and the prevention of discrimination, violence, and mental health problems, both within workplaces and among the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Janoušková
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
- Division of Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Jaroslav Pekara
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
- Medical College, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Matěj Kučera
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pavla Brennan Kearns
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Šeblová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Paediatric Emergency Department, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Katrin Wolfová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marie Kuklová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dominika Šeblová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Ramos Salazar L, Weiss A, Yarbrough JW, Sell K. The effects of COVID-19 risk, gender, and self-compassion on the workplace cyberbullying and job satisfaction of university faculty. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38588672 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2024.2339252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine workplace cyberbullying (WPCB) in higher education. Specifically, the study examines the relationship between WPCB and several important factors such as self-compassion, job satisfaction, and gender. The cross-sectional study administered a survey to a convenience sample of 179 faculty members. The regression model showed that self-compassion was positively related to job satisfaction, whereas WPCB was negatively related to job satisfaction after controlling for covariates. The path analysis model results showed that gender and COVID-19 risk of severe illness were related to WPCB. Additionally, self-compassion mediated the inverse relationship between WPCB and job satisfaction.
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Bientzle M, Eggeling M, Kimmerle J. Good reasons for bad behavior: a randomized controlled experiment on the impact of narrative reading and writing on empathic concern, perspective-taking, and attitude. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1343225. [PMID: 38645444 PMCID: PMC11026716 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1343225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Empathic concern and perspective-taking may contribute to avoiding stigmatization of adverse health behavior. Narrative writing has been shown to be effective in promoting perspective-taking and empathy. But since narrative writing is time consuming, we tested in the present study narrative reading as an alternative, more parsimonious approach. Methods In a randomized controlled experiment, we compared writing a narrative text about a fictitious person who displays disapproved of health behavior to reading such a text and to a control condition in which participants wrote about an unrelated topic. With a sample of n = 194 participants, we investigated the impact of writing and reading a narrative text on promoting empathic concern and perspective-taking as well as on attitude change. Results We found that both writing and reading a narrative text about the fictitious character increased empathic concern, F(1, 191) = 32.85, p < 0.001, part. η2 = 0.15, and perspective-taking, F(1, 191) = 24.76, p < 0.001, part. η2 = 0.12, more strongly than writing about an unrelated topic. Writing and reading a narrative text also resulted in a more positive attitude toward this person, F(1, 191) = 17.63, p < 0.001, part. η2 = 0.08. Simply reading a narrative text was equally efficient as narrative writing with respect to empathic concern, p = 0.581, perspective-taking, p = 0.629, and attitude, p = 0.197. Conclusion The finding that narrative reading is as effective as narrative writing suggests that the readers appear to be able to comprehend and engage with the story being told. When narrative reading is as effective as narrative writing, it can succeed with reduced effort in increasing empathic concern, perspective-taking, and attitude. We discuss the benefits of this approach for reducing stigmatization of adverse health behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bientzle
- Knowledge Construction Lab, Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marie Eggeling
- Knowledge Construction Lab, Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Joachim Kimmerle
- Knowledge Construction Lab, Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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5
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Sawamoto N, Okawara M, Muramatsu K, Odagami K, Mafune K, Tateishi S, Tsuji M, Ogami A, Fujino Y. Relationship Between Infection or Close Contact With COVID-19 and Workplace Mistreatment Among Japanese Workers: A Cross-sectional Study. J Occup Environ Med 2024; 66:339-343. [PMID: 38242539 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000003055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Discriminatory treatment against those with emerging infection is a long-standing problem. The present study investigates whether workers infected or in close contact with COVID-19 were susceptible to workplace mistreatment during the pandemic in Japan. METHODS This Internet-based cross-sectional study analyzed a total of 18,170 workers aged 20 to 60 years in Japan in December 2020. Odds ratios (ORs) for workplace mistreatment were estimated. RESULTS For workers with close contact or infection, ORs for workplace mistreatment in a model adjusted for socioeconomic factors were 7.64 (95% CI: 5.52-10.6, P < 0.001) and 10.7 (95% CI: 8.44-13.6, P < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Workers with infection or close contact were significantly more likely to experience workplace mistreatment. Actions against workplace mistreatment for workers with emerging infection are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Sawamoto
- From the Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan (N.S., M.O., Y.F.); Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (K.M.); Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (K.O.); Department of Mental Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (K.M.); Disaster Occupational Health Center, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (S.T.); Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (M.T.); and Department of Work Systems and Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (A.O.)
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SARAÇ E, CAN R, YILDIZ E. Stigma Perceptions of Public Employees Concerning Covid-19 Disease. İZMIR TIP FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2024; 3:9-15. [DOI: 10.57221/izmirtip.1272601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The Covid-19 pandemic has caused people to be exposed to negative attitudes and stigma. The aim of the study was to investigate the stigma perceptions of public employees concerning Covid-19 and to determine variables thought to be related.
Materials and Methods: Study adopted descriptive design was conducted between 4/11/2021 and 1/1/2022. 351 employees in two public workplaces responded to the research. The Stigmatization of Covid-19 Questionnaire was delivered to the employees through online platform. The participation rate was 63.8%. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 Package program.
Results: The majority of the participants (42.5%) fell within the age group of 36-45 years. 69.2% of them were male, and 61.8% were workers. While the mean score of self-stigma associated with Covid-19 was 50.61±9.73, stigma toward others was 78.68±13.01. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of age, gender, education, marital status, history of previous Covid, and stigma toward others.
Conclusion: Self-stigma perceptions of employees were low while the toward others were high. The factors such as age, gender, education, marital status, previous experience of Covid-19 affected employees’ perceptions of stigma associated with Covid-19. The findings of the study highlight the importance of intervening early to provide psychological or social support for employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif SARAÇ
- Milli Savunma Bakanlığı Yönetim Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Özel Bakım Merkezi/Bilkent/Ankara
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Kibbi R, Afifi RA, Pham H, Sewell DK, Teahen PP, Vander Weg MW. The "dirty work" of last responders: Occupational stigma risk and protective factors. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2024; 21:145-151. [PMID: 38363742 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2024.2302481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Last responders constitute an occupational category that includes all those who are involved in the postmortem care of deceased persons and their families. The work of last responders is often considered "dirty work" and, as a result, stigmatized. Last responders are aware of this stigma, and stigma consciousness has been associated with negative health outcomes. Despite the wide acknowledgment of stigma among last responders, specific risk, or protective factors for experiencing stigma have not been investigated. This paper aims to identify determinants of stigma among last responders in the United States. The data for this study were obtained from a national cross-sectional survey of last responders. The survey included a measure of stigma and multiple sociodemographic characteristics. A hurdle model was used to assess the association between the characteristics of last responders and their perceived stigma. Respondents were predominantly male (55.1%), White non-Hispanic (90.2%), and employed full-time (96%). Seventy-seven percent reported having experienced at least one form of occupation-related stigma. There was no significant association between the experience of stigma and any socio-demographic variables. The experience of stigma is nearly ubiquitous among last responders->75% of last responders in the sample experienced at least one form of stigma. Another aspect of its ubiquitous nature is the lack of evidence that stigma was experienced differentially across sex, race/ethnicity, employment type, and length of years as a last responder. Interventions are needed to decrease stigma among last responders and to support last responders in managing the consequences of the stigma they experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Kibbi
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Rima A Afifi
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Hahn Pham
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Daniel K Sewell
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Peter P Teahen
- Teahen Funeral Home, Cedar Rapids, Iowa
- Clinical Mental Health Counseling, College of Education, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mark W Vander Weg
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Center for Access & Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE), Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa
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8
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Nam S, Wong JYH, Wang T, An B, Fong DYT. Psychological distress as a mediator between workplace violence and turnover intention with caring for patients with COVID-19. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1321957. [PMID: 38259558 PMCID: PMC10801077 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1321957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak exacerbated workplace violence and turnover intention among nurses, particularly affecting greater levels of psychological distress. This study aimed to examine psychological distress as a mediator of the relationship between workplace violence and turnover intention among clinical nurses, and to investigate whether caring for patients with COVID-19 moderates this relationship through the lens of the affective events theory. We conducted an online survey of 325 Korean registered nurses (mean age = 30.75; female = 92.6%) who work in clinical settings between August and October 2021 using the convenience sampling method. Psychological distress was measured using the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale and workplace violence using one dichotomous item adopted from the Workplace violence questionnaire. We measured turnover intention using the six-item Anticipated Turnover Scale. Caring for patients with COVID-19 was determined using one dichotomous item. The research hypotheses assume that the relationship between workplace violence and turnover intention could be mediated by psychological distress and moderated by caring for patients with COVID-19 among Korean nurses. We performed a moderated mediation analysis with workplace violence as the independent variable, turnover intention as the dependent variable, psychological distress as a potential mediator, and caring for patients with COVID-19 as a potential moderator. The analysis revealed that nurses' psychological distress among 308 nurses had a statistically significant mediating effect on the relationship between workplace violence and turnover intention. Furthermore, caring for patients with COVID-19 had a significant further moderating effect on this relationship. These findings highlight the need for psychological support services for clinical nurses at institutional and organizational levels amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. It is hoped that these findings can contribute to the development of tailored interventions for nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 to attenuate their psychological distress in a timely and effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Nam
- School of Health and Environmental Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Janet Yuen Ha Wong
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tingxuan Wang
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bomi An
- College of Nursing, Hannam University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel Yee Tak Fong
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Geber S. Unraveling the Dark Side of Social Norms-Toward a Research Agenda on the Challenges of Social Norms in Health Communication. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023:1-8. [PMID: 38148308 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2296190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Social norms are a promising means in health crisis communication because they can guide collective action to reduce risk. However, recent research on the COVID-19 pandemic suggests that social norms may have not fully supported strategic goals and even contributed to phenomena that hindered risk reduction, calling into question the potential of social norms campaigns. This became most evident during the COVID-19 pandemic in the emergence of alternative norms of measure opposition, stigmatization of norm-deviant individuals, and the issue of free-riding. The article analyzes these phenomena from a social identity and communication perspective and outlines areas for further inquiry in health and crisis communication. The goal is to pave the way for a research agenda dedicated to the dark side of social norms to unlock the full potential of social norms in times of (health) crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Geber
- Department of Communication and Media Research-IKMZ, University of Zurich
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Nxumalo CT, Tokwe L, Ngcobo SJ, Gam NP, Mchunu GG, Makhado L. Exploring the perceptions and lived experiences of family members living with people diagnosed with COVID-19 in South Africa: a descriptive phenomenological study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2023; 18:2247622. [PMID: 37639491 PMCID: PMC10464539 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2247622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence and prevalence of COVID-19 continues to escalate globally, with the consequence to quality of life, the economies of nations and various sectors of society. While there is substantial research on the impact and experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic, little remains known about the perceptions and lived experiences of families living with people diagnosed with COVID-19, particularly within the South African context. PURPOSE To explore the perceptions and lived experiences of family members living with people diagnosed with COVID-19 in South Africa. METHODS A descriptive phenomenological design was used. Data were collected from 15 participants who were family members of people diagnosed with COVID-19 in South Africa. Purposive snowball sampling was used to identify and recruit participants, and data were collected at community level in KwaZulu-Natal, Western Cape and Gauteng, South Africa. Individual in-depth interviews were used to collect the data, and an audio tape was used to record all interviews. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a phenomenological data analysis processes. Ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained from the University of KwaZulu-Natal Research Ethics Committee-reference number: BREC00003228/2021. RESULTS Four super-ordinate themes emerged in relation to the perceptions and lived experiences of family members living with people diagnosed with COVID-19 in South Africa. The superordinate themes were: (1) sources of information about COVID-19, (2) pandemic perceptions and experiences, (3) impact of diagnosis and related burden and (4) aftermath of living with a family member diagnosed with COVID-19. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Family members' perceptions and lived experiences of COVID-19 are largely influenced by media, moreover, the impact of diagnosis has consequences for the physical, mental and emotional well-being of family members. Diagnosis disrupts family dynamics by depleting financial resources due to the caregiver burden experienced. The findings thus imply that provision of psychosocial support is imperative for families living with persons diagnosed with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celenkosini Thembelenkosini Nxumalo
- Academic Development Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Ritson Campus, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lwandile Tokwe
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Silingene Joyce Ngcobo
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nkululeko Phalson Gam
- Centre for quality Promotion and Assurance, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Gugu Gladness Mchunu
- Executive Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Ritson Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lufuno Makhado
- Executive Dean, School of Public Health, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
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Wei Z, Zhuang J. On the adoption of nonpharmaceutical interventions during the pandemic: An evolutionary game model. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2023; 43:2298-2311. [PMID: 36635059 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of behavioral nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) among the public is essential for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic, yet presents challenges due to the complexity of human behaviors. A large body of literature has utilized classic game theory to investigate the population's decisions regarding the adoption of interventions, where the static solution concept such as the Nash equilibrium is studied. However, individual adoption behavior is not static, instead it is a dynamic process that involves the strategic interactions with other counterparts over time. The study of quantitatively analyzing the dynamics on precautionary behavior during an outbreak is rather scarce. This article fills the research gap by developing an evolutionary game-theoretic framework to model the dynamics of population behavior on the adoption of NPI. We construct the two-group asymmetric game, where behavioral change for each group is characterized by replicator equations. Sensitivity analyses are performed to examine the long-term stability of equilibrium points with respect to perturbation of model parameters. We found that the limiting behavior of intervention adoption in the population consists of only pure strategies in a game setting, indicating that the evolutionary outcome is that everyone either takes up the preventive measure or not. We also applied the framework to examine the mask-wearing behavior, and validated with actual data. Overall, this article provides insights into population dynamics on the adoption of intervention strategy during the outbreak, which can be beneficial for policy makers to better understand the evolutionary trajectory of population behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Wei
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jun Zhuang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Martínez-Caballero CM, Matellán-Hernández MP, Polo-Portes CE, Reques-Marugán AM, Soto-Cámara R, Cardaba-García RM, Thuissard IJ, Navalpotro-Pascual S. Exploring Disparities in Self-Reported Mental Health Symptoms Across Professional Categories in Spain's Emergency Medical Services: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e518. [PMID: 37872714 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze stress, anxiety, depression, and self-efficacy levels among Spanish out-of-hospital emergency medical professionals from February 1, 2021, to April 30, 2021. METHODS A nationwide survey was completed by 1666 Emergency Medical Services (EMS) workers. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) were used. Data analysis used chi-squared, análisis of variance (ANOVA), and logistic regressions. RESULTS The sample comprised 833 (50%) men, with an average age of 44.3 ± 9.9 y (range: 19-67 y). Occupational distribution included 453 (27.2%) physicians, 474 (28.4%) nurses, and 739 (44.4%) emergency medical technicians (EMTs). EMTs exhibited higher odds of severe or extremely severe depression compared with physicians (odds ratio [OR]: 1.569; 95% confidenceinterval [95% CI]: 1.213-2.030) and nurses (OR: 1.561; 95% CI: 1.211-2.012). EMTs also displayed higher probabilities of severe or extremely severe anxiety compared with nurses (OR: 1.944; 95% CI: 1.529-2.701). Furthermore, EMTs demonstrated elevated probabilities of severe or extremely severe stress compared with physicians (OR: 1.387; 95% CI: 1.088-1.770). However, no significant differences were found in self-efficacy, with a median value of 73 [20]. CONCLUSIONS Out-of-hospital EMS workers experienced mental health challenges, showing varying levels of depression, stress, and anxiety across different occupational groups. EMTs were particularly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Raúl Soto-Cámara
- Emergency Medical Service of Castilla y León-Sacyl, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Israel John Thuissard
- Facultad de CC Biomédicas y de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Navalpotro-Pascual
- Emergency Medical Service of Madrid- SUMMA 112, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Shrestha RM, Inoue Y, Yamamoto S, Fukunaga A, Sampei M, Okubo R, Morisaki N, Ohmagari N, Funaki T, Ishizuka K, Yamaguchi K, Sasaki Y, Takeda K, Miyama T, Kojima M, Nakagawa T, Nishimura K, Ogata S, Umezawa J, Tanaka S, Inoue M, Konishi M, Miyo K, Mizoue T. The association between experience of COVID-19-related discrimination and psychological distress among healthcare workers for six national medical research centers in Japan. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:1421-1429. [PMID: 36928546 PMCID: PMC10020069 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02460-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discrimination is an important determinant of negative mental health outcomes. This study determined the association between the experience of COVID-19-related discrimination and psychological distress among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Japan. METHODS This cross-sectional study conducted a health survey among 5703 HCWs of six national medical and research centers in Japan from October 2020 to March 2021. COVID-19-related discrimination was defined either when participants or their family members were badmouthed or when they felt discriminated against in some way. We used the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) to assess the presence of severe psychological distress (≥ 13 points). We used logistic regression models to examine the association between discrimination and psychological distress. We also identified factors associated with discrimination. RESULTS Of the participants, 484 (8.4%) reported COVID-19-related discrimination and 486 (8.5%) had severe psychological distress. HCWs who were female vs. male (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28-1.55), had high vs. low viral exposure (AOR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.81-2.93), and worked for 11 or more hours/day vs. 8 or less hours/day (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.35-1.49) were more likely to have experienced COVID-19-related discrimination. The AOR (95% CI) of severe psychological distress was 1.83 (1.29-2.59) among those who experienced discrimination. In the stratified analysis by sociodemographic and job-related factors, all the interactions did not reach statistical significance (p for interaction > 0.20). CONCLUSION Experience of COVID-19-related discrimination was associated with severe psychological distress among HCWs. During the pandemic, effective measures should be taken to prevent the development of negative mental health outcomes in HCWs who experience discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Manandhar Shrestha
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Inoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamamoto
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Ami Fukunaga
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Makiko Sampei
- Department of Health Science, Health Promotion, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Okubo
- Clinical Research and Education Promotion Division, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naho Morisaki
- Department of Social Science, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Funaki
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Subspecialties, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazue Ishizuka
- Department of Social Science, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koushi Yamaguchi
- Center of Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Sasaki
- Clinical Research and Education Promotion Division, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Clinical Research and Education Promotion Division, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyama
- National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayo Kojima
- Department of Frailty Research, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakagawa
- Department of Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Nishimura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soshiro Ogata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Umezawa
- Division of Cohort Research, Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiori Tanaka
- Division of Prevention, Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Division of Prevention, Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Konishi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kengo Miyo
- Center for Medical Informatics Intelligence, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
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Afifi RA, Calderon JL, Pham H, Teahen P, Zarate-Sada S, Sewell DK, Vander Weg MW. Ignored and distressed: a cross-sectional study of the impact of COVID-19 on last responders. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1637. [PMID: 37633898 PMCID: PMC10463888 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16565-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Last responders constitute an occupational category that includes all those that are involved in the postmortem care of deceased persons and their families. Last responders are exposed to several categories of work-related stressors that affect their health and well-being. COVID-19 exacerbated these stressors. Research to understand the consequences of COVID-19 on the health and wellbeing of last responders is nascent. This study aimed to assess COVID-19 related stress, coping and wellbeing among last responders in the United States. METHODS We conducted a national cross-sectional survey of last responders in July through September of 2020. The survey measured wellbeing, stress, coping, and stigma; COVID-19 experiences, and socio-demographics. A ridge regression model was fit for the outcome variables. RESULTS Analysis was conducted on 366 respondents from 43 states. Respondents were male (55.4%), age 50 + (57.4%), and White non-Hispanic (90.3%); 54% reported moderate-high stress and 41% endorsed mild-severe anxiety. Seventy-seven percent had experienced at least one form of stigma related to their occupation. Variables associated with higher perceived stress and anxiety included gender (female), shorter length of employment, perceiving a higher impact from COVID-19 on everyday life, and increased perceived stigma. CONCLUSIONS Last responders are a critical part of the health care system. Throughout this pandemic, last responders have been frequently ignored and not prioritized for protection and support. Interventions to support last responders cope with stress, and to decrease anxiety are urgently needed. There is also a critical need to challenge community stigma towards last responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima A Afifi
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 145 N Riverside Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, N416, USA.
| | - Jorge Luis Calderon
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 145 N Riverside Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, N416, USA
| | - Hanh Pham
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Peter Teahen
- Teahen Funeral Home, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, USA
- Clinical Mental Health Counseling, College of Education, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Sydney Zarate-Sada
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 145 N Riverside Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, N416, USA
| | - Daniel K Sewell
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mark W Vander Weg
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 145 N Riverside Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, N416, USA
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15
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Cermakova P, Fryčová B, Novák D, Kuklová M, Wolfová K, Kučera M, Janoušková M, Pekara J, Šeblová J, Seblova D. Depression in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: results from Czech arm of HEROES Study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12430. [PMID: 37528158 PMCID: PMC10394070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic due to COVID-19 brought new risks for depression of health care workers, which may have differently influenced men and women. We aimed to investigate (1) whether health care workers in Czechia experienced an increase in depression during the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) which factors contributed the most to this change, and (3) whether the magnitude of the associations differed by gender. We studied 2564 participants of the Czech arm of the international COVID-19 HEalth caRe wOrkErS (HEROES) Study. Online questionnaire was administered to health care workers in summer 2020 (wave 0) and spring 2021 (wave 1). Depression was defined by reaching 10 or more points on the Patient Health Questionnaire. Logistic regression investigated the association of participant´s characteristics with depression and multivariable decomposition for non-linear models assessed, to what extent the characteristic explained the change in depression occurrence. The prevalence of depression increased twice during the pandemic (11% in wave 0 and 22% in wave 1). Stress accounted for 50% of the difference, experience of death due to COVID-19 for 15% and contact with COVID-19 patients for 14%. Greater resilience and sufficient personal protective equipment were strongly associated with lower occurrence of depression. The protective association of resilience with depression was stronger in men than in women. We conclude that interventions to promote mental health of health care workers in future health crisis should aim at decreasing stress and enhancing resilience. They should be delivered especially to individuals who have contact with the affected patients and may face their death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Cermakova
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czechia.
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.
| | - Barbora Fryčová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czechia
| | - David Novák
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czechia
| | - Marie Kuklová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czechia
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Katrin Wolfová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czechia
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Matěj Kučera
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czechia
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miroslava Janoušková
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Jana Šeblová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czechia
- Paediatric Emergency Department, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dominika Seblova
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czechia
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16
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Lee BEC, Ling M, Boyd L, Olsson CA, Sheen J. Key predictors of psychological distress and wellbeing in Australian frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 (Omicron wave). Front Psychol 2023; 14:1200839. [PMID: 37484084 PMCID: PMC10361570 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1200839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant challenges for frontline healthcare workers' (FHW), raising many mental health and wellbeing concerns for this cohort. To facilitate identification of risk and protective factors to inform treatment and interventions, this study investigated key predictors of psychological distress and subjective wellbeing in FHWs. Methods During the Omicron wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2022), Victorian (Australia) doctors, nurses, allied health and non-medical staff from Emergency Departments, Intensive Care units, Aged Care, Hospital In The Home, and COVID Wards completed a cross-sectional survey consisting of the Kessler 6 item (Psychological Distress), Personal Wellbeing Index (Subjective Wellbeing), Coronavirus Health Impact Survey tool (COVID-19 related factors) and occupational factors. Multivariable linear regressions were used to evaluate unadjusted and adjusted associations. Relative weight analysis was used to compare and identify key predictors. Results Out of 167 participants, 18.1% screened positive for a probable mental illness and a further 15.3% screened positive for low wellbeing. Key risk factors for greater psychological distress included COVID infection worries, relationship stress and younger age. For both psychological distress and lower wellbeing, health status and supervisor support were key protective factors, while infection risks were key risk factors. Only positive changes in relationship quality was protective of lower wellbeing. Conclusion This study highlights the significance of social determinants and individual level factors alongside work related factors, in influencing FHWs' mental health and wellbeing during public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings suggest that future interventions and supports should take a more holistic approach that considers work, social and individual level factors when supporting FHWs' mental health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian En Chyi Lee
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Mathew Ling
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Neami National, Preston, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Craig A. Olsson
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jade Sheen
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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17
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Reibling N, Linden P, Schneider T. [COVID-19-related self-stigma: association with vulnerability and trust in institutions]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023:10.1007/s00103-023-03742-z. [PMID: 37395753 PMCID: PMC10372126 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-stigmatization in the context of infectious diseases can be a psychosocial burden and reduce the cooperation with infection control measures. This study investigates for the first time the level of self-stigmatization among individuals with different social and medical vulnerabilities in Germany. METHODS Data are derived from an online survey (CAWI: Computer Assisted Web Interview) conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic in winter 2020/21. The quota sample (N = 2536) is representative for the key variables gender, age, education, and place of residence for the German adult population. For operationalizing COVID-19 related self-stigmatization, we developed a new scale. We also collected information on medical and social vulnerabilities as well as trust in institutions. Data analysis was based on descriptive statistics and multiple ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. RESULTS Overall, we find a level of self-stigmatization slightly over the scale mean. While socially vulnerable groups do not have higher levels of self-stigmatization - with the exception of women - individuals with medical vulnerabilities (higher infection risks, poor health status, risk group) show higher levels of self-stigma. Higher trust in institutions is associated with higher levels of self-stigmatization. DISCUSSION Stigmatization should be regularly monitored during pandemics and considered in communication measures. Thus, it is important to pay attention to less stigmatizing formulations and to point out risks without defining risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Reibling
- Fachbereich Gesundheitswissenschaften, Hochschule Fulda, Fulda, Deutschland
| | - Philipp Linden
- Fachbereich Gesundheitswissenschaften, Hochschule Fulda, Fulda, Deutschland
| | - Torsten Schneider
- Seminar für Sozialwissenschaften, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Deutschland.
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18
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Fatih Önsüz M, Oktar D, Aydoğan Gedik S, Sungur S, Metintaş S, Köşger F, Ercan Altınöz A. Development and Validation of Coronavirus Disease 2019-Induced Perceived Stigmatization in Physicians Scale. ALPHA PSYCHIATRY 2023; 24:138-145. [PMID: 37969473 PMCID: PMC10645135 DOI: 10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2023.221038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Background It is well-established that healthcare professionals are stigmatized by the society during infectious disease outbreaks. The present study aimed to develop a scale to measure the coronavirus disease 2019-induced perceived stigmatization in physicians and investigate its validity and reliability. Methods The present methodological type of study was carried out with 303 physicians working with a university hospital. The researchers drafted a 5-point Likert-type "Coronavirus Disease 2019-Induced Perceived Stigmatization in Physicians Scale" by using an item pool consisting of 35 items upon a review of the relevant literature. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient), item-total correlation coefficient, and test-retest analyses were used to assess the reliability of the scale. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed with an aim to evaluate the construct validity of the scale. Results The scale consisted of 10 items and 2 domains (environmental perceived stigmatization and personally perceived stigmatization) upon completion of the scale development step. The items on the scale explained 61.66% of the total variance, where the factor loads were between 0.66 and 0.85. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.88, and the item-total correlation coefficients were all above 0.3. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, the resultant model had goodness-of-fit indices with sufficient fit. Conclusion The Coronavirus Disease 2019-Induced Perceived Stigmatization in Physicians Scale was a reliable and valid tool for the physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Fatih Önsüz
- Department of Public Health, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Didem Oktar
- Department of Public Health, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Sevil Aydoğan Gedik
- Department of Ministry of Health, Odunpazarı District Health Directorate, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Sevda Sungur
- Department of Public Health, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Selma Metintaş
- Department of Public Health, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ferdi Köşger
- Department of Psychiatry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ali Ercan Altınöz
- Department of Psychiatry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
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19
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Iddrisu M, Poku CA, Mensah E, Attafuah PYA, Dzansi G, Adjorlolo S. Work-related psychosocial challenges and coping strategies among nursing workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:210. [PMID: 37337228 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses and midwives have been stretched by the COVID-19 pandemic amidst the heroic roles they have played during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses stood tall among their peers in the healthcare industry saving lives. The pandemic has had a toll on nurses physically, psychologically, and socio-economically. The numerous deaths have traumatized nurses coupled with the fear of possible infection. Nurses have seen their colleagues and loved ones lose their lives to the pandemic, nevertheless, they still render care to patients no matter the circumstances. Due to that, it is imperative to ascertain the extent to which nurses who are much needed in healthcare delivery have been affected by this pandemic. This scoping review used Arksey and O'Malley's review methodology to investigate the nature of work-related psychosocial challenges nurses encountered during the peak of the pandemic, noting the major contributors to the challenges and the coping strategies used to address them. METHODS We performed a scoping review and searched for articles from five databases including PUBMED, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and Grey literature from December 2019 to December 2021. A total of 7,334 articles were retrieved for the study but 45 met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Work-related psychosocial challenges identified included stress, burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, depression, sleeplessness, and anxiety. Factors that accounted for the challenges were inadequate personal protective equipment (PPEs), discomfort using the PPEs, extreme workload, and fatigue. Nurses experienced job insecurity, business closure, and separation from family and loved ones, and these contributed to their challenges. Strategies used to deal with the challenges centred on emotion-focused and problem-focused coping. CONCLUSIONS The study recommends regular counselling and support for all nurses working at the frontline to help them better cope with the devastating effects of the pandemic so that they could build resilience towards future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merri Iddrisu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Collins Atta Poku
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
- Department of Nursing, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Eva Mensah
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Gladys Dzansi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Adjorlolo
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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20
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Delgado A. COVID-19 with stigma: New evidence from mobility data and "Go to Travel" campaign. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15704. [PMID: 37131429 PMCID: PMC10139753 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The study modifies the stigma model for mobility behavior during COVID-19 by incorporating the impact of the Go to travel campaign. The basic stigma model suggests that people avoid going out due to a social stigma during a state of emergency. However, the study's extended model, using Go to travel campaign data, shows that the stigma effects are not dependent on policy and remain present but weaken in later stages. The evidence also suggests that the government's Go to travel campaign has a significant effect on increasing mobility behavior, countering the stigma effect caused by the emergency declaration. The analysis uses a panel data model with data on mobility, emergency declaration, Go to travel campaign, COVID-19 infection rates, and a weekend dummy control variable.
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21
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Alhouri A, Abu Shokor M, Marwa K, Sharabi A, Mohammad Nazir Arrouk D, Al Houri FN, Al Houri H. COVID-19 and Its Impact on Healthcare Workers: Understanding Stigma, Stress, and Quality of Life. Cureus 2023; 15:e37846. [PMID: 37214008 PMCID: PMC10198658 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively impacted public health systems worldwide and created anxiety and stress among communities, resulting in the stigmatization of patients infected with the virus. Stigmatization of individuals who are sick or thought to be infected has a long history and can lead to discrimination and prejudice. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of COVID-19-related stigma in Jordan, assess the relationship between stigma and the quality of life (QoL) in healthcare workers, and identify possible measures to decrease stressful events. Understanding the psychological effects of healthcare workers' jobs and reducing their burden is essential to improving medical outcomes and the QoL of patients. METHODOLOGY This cross-sectional study was conducted in three primary hospitals in Amman, Jordan, from July to December 2021. Healthcare workers were recruited through convenience sampling and completed a self-administered questionnaire, which included demographic information, a validated COVID-19 stigma questionnaire, work conditions during the pandemic, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 Items (DASS-21) questionnaire to measure depression, anxiety, and stress, and the EUROHIS-QOL questionnaire to assess the QoL. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square tests and post hoc analysis. The study was approved by the institutional review board, and participation was voluntary and confidential. RESULTS The study was conducted among 683 healthcare workers in Jordan, with 77.7% based in the capital city, Amman. Most of the participants were between 18 and 30 years of age, and slightly more than half were female. The study found that 38.1% of healthcare workers would not take the COVID-19 vaccine once it became available. More than half (56%) reported experiencing stress, 61% reported anxiety, and 65% reported depression during the pandemic. Internal medicine specialties and frontline nurses reported the highest levels of stress, and healthcare workers with greater exposure to COVID-19 patients reported higher levels of anxiety and stress. Only 3% of participants reported experiencing stigmatization (p=0.043), with low-income participants reporting it more frequently. Stigmatization was significantly correlated with feelings of depression, anxiety, and stress (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Healthcare workers' mental well-being has been affected negatively by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in depression, anxiety, and stress. Widespread mental surveillance for healthcare workers is crucial to protect healthcare workers from psychological issues and to improve the healthcare service provided to patients. Stigma among healthcare workers can be a major factor that may increase depression, anxiety, and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alhouri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, GBR
| | | | - Khaled Marwa
- Department of General Medicine, Al Safa Medical Complex, Hail, SAU
| | - Alaa Sharabi
- Department of General Medicine, Somerian Health, Abu Dhabi, ARE
| | | | - Fatima N Al Houri
- College of Medicine, American University in the Emirates, Dubai, ARE
| | - Hasan Al Houri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, SYR
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Assad University Hospital, Al-Mouwasat University Hospital, Damascus, SYR
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22
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Lee BEC, Ling M, Boyd L, Olsson C, Sheen J. The prevalence of probable mental health disorders among hospital healthcare workers during COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 330:329-345. [PMID: 36931567 PMCID: PMC10017178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic continue to be documented worldwide with systematic reviews playing a pivotal role. Here we present updated findings from our systematic review and meta-analysis on the mental health impacts among hospital healthcare workers during COVID-19. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase and Web Of Science Core Collection between 1st January 2000 to 17th February 2022 for studies using validated methods and reporting on the prevalence of diagnosed or probable mental health disorders in hospital healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. A meta-analysis of proportions and odds ratio was performed using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was investigated using test of subgroup differences and 95 % prediction intervals. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 401 studies, representing 458,754 participants across 58 countries. Pooled prevalence of depression was 28.5 % (95 % CI: 26.3-30.7), anxiety was 28.7 % (95 % CI: 26.5-31.0), PTSD was 25.5 % (95 % CI: 22.5-28.5), alcohol and substance use disorder was 25.3 % (95 % CI: 13.3-39.6) and insomnia was 24.4 % (95 % CI: 19.4-29.9). Prevalence rates were stratified by physicians, nurses, allied health, support staff and healthcare students, which varied considerably. There were significantly higher odds of probable mental health disorders in women, those working in high-risk units and those providing direct care. LIMITATIONS Majority of studies used self-report measures which reflected probable mental health disorders rather than actual diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS These updated findings have enhanced our understanding of at-risk groups working in hospitals. Targeted support and research towards these differences in mental health risks are recommended to mitigate any long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathew Ling
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia; Neami National, Preston, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Craig Olsson
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Jade Sheen
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
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23
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Cousin Cabrolier L, Di Beo V, Marcellin F, Rousset Torrente O, Mahe V, Valderas JM, Chassany O, Carrieri PM, Duracinsky M. Negative representations of night-shift work and mental health of public hospital healthcare workers in the COVID-19 era (Aladdin survey). BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:187. [PMID: 36814276 PMCID: PMC9946706 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many risk factors impact the health of hospital night workers, which can lead to physical and mental health disorders. During the recent period, night hospital workers have been particularly stressed. This study therefore aims to: (i) To document the prevalence of depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and symptoms suggestive of post-traumatic stress disorder in night shift workers (NSHW) working in Parisian public hospitals after France's first COVID-19 wave ended; (ii) To estimate the effect of negative representations and perceptions of night shift work on these mental health outcomes. METHODS An observational cross-sectional online survey of NSHW (June to September 2020) in 39 public hospitals in Paris, France. Standard scales were used to measure mental health outcomes. Weighted multinomial logistic regression models supported the identification of predictors of depression (score > 10 on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS, for depression), anxiety (score > 10 on the HADS for anxiety), severe insomnia (score > 21 on the Insomnia Severity Index, ISI) and symptoms suggestive of post-traumatic stress disorder (score > 36 on the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, IES-R). RESULTS The weighted prevalence rates [95% confidence interval] of depression, anxiety, severe insomnia, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder were, respectively, 18.9% [16.5-21.2], 7.6% [6.0-9.1], 8.6% [6.9-10.2] and 11.7% [9.7-13.6]. After multiple adjustment, organizational changes in NSHW professional lives due to the COVID-19 pandemic (such as moving to another hospital department and modified schedules) and NSHW-perceived negative representations of night work were significantly associated with all studied mental health outcomes. CONCLUSION Our findings confirm the importance of monitoring mental health and sleep quality among NSHW in Parisian public hospitals, even more during health crises. Multilevel interventions aiming at reducing negative representations and improving work organization are urgently needed to improve overall health of this frontline healthcare providers group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Cousin Cabrolier
- grid.411394.a0000 0001 2191 1995Unité de Recherche Clinique en Economie de La Santé (URC-ECO), AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, 75004 Paris, France ,Université Paris Cité, ECEVE UMR 1123, Inserm, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France, Paris, 75010 France ,grid.464064.40000 0004 0467 0503Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de La Santé & Traitement de L’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Di Beo
- grid.464064.40000 0004 0467 0503Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de La Santé & Traitement de L’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Marcellin
- grid.464064.40000 0004 0467 0503Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de La Santé & Traitement de L’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Olivia Rousset Torrente
- grid.411394.a0000 0001 2191 1995Unité de Recherche Clinique en Economie de La Santé (URC-ECO), AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, 75004 Paris, France ,Université Paris Cité, ECEVE UMR 1123, Inserm, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France, Paris, 75010 France
| | - Véronique Mahe
- Service de Santé Au Travail, Hôpitaux Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP Nord, Paris, France
| | - José Maria Valderas
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Medicine, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olivier Chassany
- grid.411394.a0000 0001 2191 1995Unité de Recherche Clinique en Economie de La Santé (URC-ECO), AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, 75004 Paris, France ,Université Paris Cité, ECEVE UMR 1123, Inserm, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France, Paris, 75010 France
| | - Patrizia Maria Carrieri
- grid.464064.40000 0004 0467 0503Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de La Santé & Traitement de L’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Martin Duracinsky
- Unité de Recherche Clinique en Economie de La Santé (URC-ECO), AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, 75004, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Cité, ECEVE UMR 1123, Inserm, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France, Paris, 75010, France. .,Département de Médecine Interne Et d'immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, 94275, Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
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24
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Ranganathan P, Tandon S, Khan S, Sharma P, Sharma S, Mishra G, Pattadath B, Nair S, Rajput P, Caduff C. Investigating stigma during the COVID-19 pandemic: Living conditions, social determinants and experiences of infection among employees at a tertiary referral cancer centre. J Cancer Policy 2023; 36:100412. [PMID: 36805892 PMCID: PMC9930404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2023.100412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM Healthcare workers (HCWs) have reported negative social experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, this data is largely from medical personnel. We examined living conditions, social determinants, and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic among all cadres of employees who had recovered from COVID-19 at a tertiary referral cancer hospital in India. METHODS We conducted a mixed methods study combining a questionnaire-based survey followed by semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions, among hospital staff who recovered from COVID-19 between April and November 2020. We initially administered a 79-point survey to all participants; based on their responses, we used purposive sampling to identify 60 interview participants. The primary aim of the study was to examine the impact of socio-economic factors on experiences and potential stigma faced by staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS We surveyed 376 participants including doctors (10 %), nurses (20 %), support staff (29 %), administrators (18 %) and scientists/technicians (22 %). Of these, 126 (34 %) participants reported negative social experiences. Stigmatisation was lower among doctors compared to other professions, decreased in the second half of the study period, and was more among those living in less affluent surroundings. Interviews revealed 3 types of negative social experiences: neighbourhood tensions around restrictions of mobility, social distancing, and harassment. CONCLUSIONS The first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in India led to considerable negative social experiences among hospital employees, especially those lower in the socio-economic hierarchy, which was fuelled by restrictions imposed by the government and pressure on local neighbourhoods. POLICY SUMMARY It is important to not just document and count stigma experiences during global pandemics, but also to examine sociologically the conditions under which and the processes through which stigma happens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Ranganathan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sandeep Tandon
- Pulmonary Medicine and Staff Physician, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Sanjeev Sharma
- St Jude India Child Care Centre, Utsaah Foundation, India
| | - Gauravi Mishra
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Sindhu Nair
- Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Pankaj Rajput
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Carlo Caduff
- Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, King's College London, UK.
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25
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Wałowska K, Domaradzki J. Superheroes or Super Spreaders? The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Attitudes towards Nurses: A Qualitative Study from Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2912. [PMID: 36833609 PMCID: PMC9957068 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The social perception of the nursing profession in Poland is profoundly affected by social stereotypes that may discourage young people from entering the profession and lead to prejudice towards nurses. During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses gained visibility, which caused the social image of nurses to likewise grow. In this study, we explore nurses' experiences with respect to how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the social image of nursing. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen hospital nurses. Three major themes emerged: (1) social attitudes towards nurses during the pandemic, (2) nurses' perception of the impact of the pandemic on the social image of the nursing profession and (3) the impact of the pandemic on nurses' mental health. Although the pandemic promoted the image of nursing to the general public, nurses were disappointed that in the face of the healthcare crisis and the constant threat, they had to struggle with difficult working conditions and professional, social and economic recognition. This study therefore stresses the duty of policy makers to undertake a systemic approach to improving the organisation of health care and increase nurses' safety by providing them with a safe working environment and prepare them better for the next health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wałowska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases, Internal Medicine and Dietetics, Heliodor Swiecicki Clinical Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan Domaradzki
- Laboratory of Health Sociology and Social Pathology, Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
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26
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Wałowska K, Domaradzki J. Superheroes or Super Spreaders? The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Attitudes towards Nurses: A Qualitative Study from Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2912. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The social perception of the nursing profession in Poland is profoundly affected by social stereotypes that may discourage young people from entering the profession and lead to prejudice towards nurses. During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses gained visibility, which caused the social image of nurses to likewise grow. In this study, we explore nurses’ experiences with respect to how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the social image of nursing. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen hospital nurses. Three major themes emerged: (1) social attitudes towards nurses during the pandemic, (2) nurses’ perception of the impact of the pandemic on the social image of the nursing profession and (3) the impact of the pandemic on nurses’ mental health. Although the pandemic promoted the image of nursing to the general public, nurses were disappointed that in the face of the healthcare crisis and the constant threat, they had to struggle with difficult working conditions and professional, social and economic recognition. This study therefore stresses the duty of policy makers to undertake a systemic approach to improving the organisation of health care and increase nurses’ safety by providing them with a safe working environment and prepare them better for the next health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wałowska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases, Internal Medicine and Dietetics, Heliodor Swiecicki Clinical Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan Domaradzki
- Laboratory of Health Sociology and Social Pathology, Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
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27
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Whiteing N, Massey D, Rafferty R, Penman O, Samios C, Bowen K, Stephens A, Aggar C. Australian nurses' and midwives' perceptions of their workplace environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Collegian 2023; 30:39-46. [PMID: 35765377 PMCID: PMC9226292 DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Working as a front-line worker during a pandemic is a unique situation that requires a supportive work environment. An informed understanding of nurses' and midwives' workplace experiences during a pandemic, such as COVID-19, may enable better preparation and targeted support for future pandemics at an individual, organisational, and policy level. Aim The aim of this study was to explore nurses' and midwives' workplace experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic response. Methods A cross-sectional online survey consisting of open-ended questions was conducted with a convenience sample of nurses and midwives (n = 1003) working in New South Wales Health hospital settings, in Australia. Open-ended questions were analysed using content analysis. Results Five themes were identified; 'organisational communication', 'workplace support', 'availability of personal protective equipment', 'flexible working', and 'new ways of working'. Nurses' and midwives' workplace experiences during COVID-19 were influenced by leaders who were perceived to be adaptive, authentic, responsive, transparent, and visible. While many expressed a number of workplace challenges, including access to personal protective equipment, there was opportunity to explore, develop, and evaluate new and alternate models of care and working arrangements. Conclusion It is important that nurses and midwives are supported and well prepared to cope during pandemics in the workplace. Organisational leadership and timely dissemination of transparent pandemic plans may support nurses' adaptive workplace experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Whiteing
- Southern Cross University, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross Drive, Bilinga, QLD, Australia
| | - Deb Massey
- Southern Cross University, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross Drive, Bilinga, QLD, Australia
| | - Rae Rafferty
- Northern New South Wales Local Health District, 89 Tamar St, Ballina, NSW, Australia
| | - Olivia Penman
- Southern Cross University, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross Drive, Bilinga, QLD, Australia
| | - Christina Samios
- Southern Cross University, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross Drive, Bilinga, QLD, Australia
- Australian College of Applied Psychology, 255 Elizabeth Street, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen Bowen
- Northern New South Wales Local Health District, 89 Tamar St, Ballina, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandre Stephens
- Northern New South Wales Local Health District, 89 Tamar St, Ballina, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina Aggar
- Southern Cross University, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross Drive, Bilinga, QLD, Australia
- Northern New South Wales Local Health District, 89 Tamar St, Ballina, NSW, Australia
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28
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Bisenius S, Treml J, Hanschmidt F, Kersting A. Stigmatization profiles and psychological distress in people at high risk of infection with COVID-19 -A study conducted in Germany from March to August 2021. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285788. [PMID: 37200379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19-related stigmatization of affected people or people at risk of infection has been shown to enhance the reluctance of affected individuals to use health services and reduce their mental health. It is thus highly important to gain a thorough understanding of COVID-19-related stigmatization. The present study's first aim was to explore stigmatization profiles of experienced stigmatization (anticipated stigmatization, internalized stigmatization, enacted stigmatization, disclosure concerns) and stigmatization practices in 371 German people at high risk of infection using latent class analyses. The second aim was to investigate the relationship between stigmatization profiles and psychological distress via multiple regression analysis taking into account other possible negative and positive risk factors. Our results showed two stigmatization profiles: "high stigmatization group" and "low stigmatization group". Belonging to the "high stigmatization group" was significantly correlated with higher levels of psychological distress. Other risk factors significantly related to psychological distress were mental health disorders in the past, exposure to COVID-19, fear related to COVID-19, perceived risk of being infected, lower perceived self-efficacy, and lower subjective knowledge about COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Bisenius
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Julia Treml
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Franz Hanschmidt
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Anette Kersting
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
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29
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Abuse and Wellbeing of Long-Term Care Workers in the COVID-19 Era: Evidence from the UK. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14159620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The UK long-term care workforce has endured difficult working conditions for many years. During the pandemic, the sector faced unprecedented challenges, which further exacerbated these conditions and brought concerns about workplace abuse and violence. Such experiences can vary by personal and work characteristics, particularly affecting minority ethnic groups. They can subsequently impact workers’ wellbeing and the sector overall. Drawing on the first wave of a UK longitudinal workforce survey, this article examined the impact of COVID-19 on social care workers’ working conditions, general health and wellbeing, and intentions to leave the employer and sector altogether. The analysis is based on both quantitative and qualitative responses 1037 valid responses received between April and June 2021. The respondents were predominantly female, working in direct care roles and mainly serving older adults (including those with dementia). The findings highlighted worrying experiences of abuse in relation to COVID-19, which differed significantly by nationality, ethnicity and care settings. The analysis further showcased the negative impact of experienced abuse on work-life balance and intentions to leave the current employer or the care sector altogether. The findings emphasise the need for targeted measures that promote workers’ physical, emotional and financial wellbeing.
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30
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Schulze S, Merz S, Thier A, Tallarek M, König F, Uhlenbrock G, Nübling M, Lincke HJ, Rapp MA, Spallek J, Holmberg C. Psychosocial burden in nurses working in nursing homes during the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study with quantitative and qualitative data. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:949. [PMID: 35883124 PMCID: PMC9315075 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Covid-19 pandemic led to increased work-related strain and psychosocial burden in nurses worldwide, resulting in high prevalences of mental health problems. Nurses in long-term care facilities seem to be especially affected by the pandemic. Nevertheless, there are few findings indicating possible positive changes for health care workers. Therefore, we investigated which psychosocial burdens and potential positive aspects nurses working in long-term care facilities experience during the Covid-19 pandemic. METHODS We conducted a mixed-methods study among nurses and nursing assistants working in nursing homes in Germany. The survey contained the third German version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III). Using Welch's t-tests, we compared the COPSOQ results of our sample against a pre-pandemic reference group of geriatric nurses from Germany. Additionally, we conducted semi-structured interviews with geriatric nurses with a special focus on psychosocial stress, to reach a deeper understanding of their experiences on work-related changes and burdens during the pandemic. Data were analysed using thematic coding (Braun and Clarke). RESULTS Our survey sample (n = 177) differed significantly from the pre-pandemic reference group in 14 out of 31 COPSOQ scales. Almost all of these differences indicated negative changes. Our sample scored significantly worse regarding the scales 'quantitative demands', 'hiding emotions', 'work-privacy conflicts', 'role conflicts', 'quality of leadership', 'support at work', 'recognition', 'physical demands', 'intention to leave profession', 'burnout', 'presenteeism' and 'inability to relax'. The interviews (n = 15) revealed six main themes related to nurses' psychosocial stress: 'overall working conditions', 'concern for residents', 'management of relatives', 'inability to provide terminal care', 'tensions between being infected and infecting others' and 'technicisation of care'. 'Enhanced community cohesion' (interviews), 'meaning of work' and 'quantity of social relations' (COPSOQ III) were identified as positive effects of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Results clearly illustrate an aggravation of geriatric nurses' situation and psychosocial burden and only few positive changes due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Pre-existing hardships seem to have further deteriorated and new stressors added to nurses' strain. The perceived erosion of care, due to an overemphasis of the technical in relation to the social and emotional dimensions of care, seems to be especially burdensome to geriatric nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schulze
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sibille Merz
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Anne Thier
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Marie Tallarek
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Franziska König
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Greta Uhlenbrock
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Matthias Nübling
- Freiburg Research Centre for Occupational Sciences (FFAW), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Lincke
- Freiburg Research Centre for Occupational Sciences (FFAW), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Rapp
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jacob Spallek
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany.,Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus -Senftenberg, Senfenberg, Germany
| | - Christine Holmberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. .,Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany. .,Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany.
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Association between Social Engagements and Stigmatization of COVID-19 Infection among Community Population in Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159050. [PMID: 35897433 PMCID: PMC9329772 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In the face of unknown risks, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we tend to have stigmatized perceptions. The current study aimed to examine the association of social engagements with the level of stigmatization of COVID-19 infection among the general population. The data of 429 participants of the Utsunomiya COVID-19 seroprevalence neighborhood association (U-CORONA) study, a population-based cohort study conducted in Utsunomiya City, Japan, were analyzed. Their stigmatized perception of people with COVID-19 infection was evaluated via a questionnaire for the situation if they or others in their community were to get infected. The association between social engagements (community social capital, social network diversity, and social network size) and stigmatization were analyzed by a multiple linear regression model with generalized estimating equations. Overall, females reported a higher stigmatized perception of people with COVID-19 than males. Lower education and depressive symptoms were also positively associated with higher stigmatization, while age, household income, and comorbidities were not. People with higher community social capital reported lower stigmatization (B = −0.69, 95% CI = −1.23 to −0.16), while social network diversity and social network size did not show an association with stigmatization. We found an association between community social capital and stigmatization, suggesting that enhancing their community social capital, but not social network diversity and size, has the potential to mitigate the levels of stigmatization.
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Nair R, Bulgiba A. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression and Anxiety Among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Asia Pac J Public Health 2022; 34:561-564. [PMID: 35574593 DOI: 10.1177/10105395221098037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cases and death counts rise as the world continues to scuffle with the COVID-19 pandemic and its catastrophic effects. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at a heightened risk of developing psychological distress during the pandemic as a result of extreme work demands and poor experiences of recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the mental health outcomes of HCWs in hospitals during the pandemic and explore the associated psychosocial, individual, and work-related factors of depression and anxiety among them. The present study employed a cross-sectional survey study design. Participants from the Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, and Department of Emergency were recruited via an online based questionnaire. A validated screening tool, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire was utilized to assess the status of anxiety and depression among the HCWs. The prevalence of anxiety and depression among the HCWs were 12.2% and 1.4%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis further demonstrated that being male (OR = 1.581) and having work-related stigma was significantly associated with anxiety (OR = 2.635).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Nair
- University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Cousin L, Roucoux G, Petit AS, Baumann-Coblentz L, Torrente OR, Cannafarina A, Chassany O, Duracinsky M, Carrieri P. Perceived stigma, substance use and self-medication in night-shift healthcare workers: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:698. [PMID: 35610623 PMCID: PMC9128768 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many risk factors related to altered circadian rhythms impact the health of night-shift hospital workers (NSHW), resulting in mental and somatic disorders. Easy access to psychoactive substances (PS) may facilitate addictive behaviors in NSHW. They are also exposed to a stressful work environment, which may further affect sleep quality. This study aimed to explore the link between sleep deprivation, work-related psychosocial stress and psychoactive substance use as a self-medication response in NSHW. Methods Qualitative study to verify the plausibility of the self-medication theory applied to addictive behaviors. Semi-structured interviews (N = 18 NSHW) and thematic analysis, following consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research recommendations. Results Stigma against NSHW was a primary element of a stressful work environment. The stressful and stigmatizing environment, together with night-shift work, further affected NSHW sleep and their mental and physical health. The use of PS appeared to be for self-medication, encouraged by social and professional environments, source(s) of stress, discrimination, and isolation. The work environment, through aggravated sleep disorders, led NSHW to use non-prescribed sleeping pills. Alcohol after work and smoking were used as a social break but also as a means to reduce stress. Conclusion Anti-stigma interventions in the healthcare setting and screening of mental/somatic disorders in NSHW can help reduce harmful self-medication behaviors and improve hospital care in the COVID-19 era. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-08018-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Cousin
- Unité de Recherche Clinique en Economie de La Santé (URC-ECO), AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, F-75004, Paris, France. .,Patient-Reported Outcomes Unit (PROQOL), UMRS 1123, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, F-75004, Paris, France. .,Groupe de Recherche en Psychologie Sociale (UR GRePS), Université Lyon 2, Bron, France.
| | - Guillaume Roucoux
- Unité de Recherche Clinique en Economie de La Santé (URC-ECO), AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, F-75004, Paris, France.,Patient-Reported Outcomes Unit (PROQOL), UMRS 1123, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, F-75004, Paris, France
| | - Anne Sophie Petit
- Unité de Recherche Clinique en Economie de La Santé (URC-ECO), AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, F-75004, Paris, France.,Groupe de Recherche en Psychologie Sociale (UR GRePS), Université Lyon 2, Bron, France
| | | | - Olivia Rousset Torrente
- Unité de Recherche Clinique en Economie de La Santé (URC-ECO), AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, F-75004, Paris, France.,Patient-Reported Outcomes Unit (PROQOL), UMRS 1123, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, F-75004, Paris, France
| | - Adriano Cannafarina
- Unité de Recherche Clinique en Economie de La Santé (URC-ECO), AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, F-75004, Paris, France.,Patient-Reported Outcomes Unit (PROQOL), UMRS 1123, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, F-75004, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Chassany
- Unité de Recherche Clinique en Economie de La Santé (URC-ECO), AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, F-75004, Paris, France.,Patient-Reported Outcomes Unit (PROQOL), UMRS 1123, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, F-75004, Paris, France
| | - Martin Duracinsky
- Unité de Recherche Clinique en Economie de La Santé (URC-ECO), AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, F-75004, Paris, France.,Patient-Reported Outcomes Unit (PROQOL), UMRS 1123, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, F-75004, Paris, France.,Département de Médecine Interne Et d'immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, 94275, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Patrizia Carrieri
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé et Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
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Chandran N, Vinuprasad V G, Sreedevi C, Sathiadevan S, Deepak K S. COVID-19-related Stigma Among the Affected Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study From Kerala, India. Indian J Psychol Med 2022; 44:279-284. [PMID: 35656434 PMCID: PMC9125476 DOI: 10.1177/02537176221086983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The studies and case reports from various parts of the world are showing discrimination and stigma associated with COVID-19. Stigma can directly worsen the mental health of people and also worsen physical health indirectly. This study is aimed to assess the anticipatory and experienced stigma associated with COVID-19 in affected individuals. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Palakkad District in Kerala. Study participants were patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The sampling method was convenience sampling and snowball sampling. COVID-19 Related Stigma Survey Questionnaire was prepared by experts from the field of Psychiatry and Community Medicine. The responses were collected via an online survey and telephonic interview. RESULTS Among the total participants (N=303) 119 participants (39.3%) wanted to keep the illness a secret. Eighty-one participants (26.7%) had fear of discrimination from others. Eighty-nine participants (29.4%) had experienced stigma related to their COVID-19 infection. Seventy-five (24.8%) participants' family members had experienced stigma. Few stigma parameters were significantly higher among the younger people. The participants belonging to the below poverty line category and the participants with lesser education showed significantly more worry about rejoining society after the isolation. Below poverty line category also had significantly more worry about discrimination towards their family members. Participants with lower education had significantly more worry about affecting their job due to the illness. Health care workers had significantly high worry regarding others attitudes towards them. CONCLUSION There is a high level of stigma associated with COVID-19 in society. Definite measures need to be taken to reduce the stigma related to COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimmy Chandran
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Vinuprasad V G
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Sreedevi C
- Dept. of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Sajal Sathiadevan
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Deepak K S
- Dept. of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Palakkad, Kerala, India
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Richards HL, Eustace J, O' Dwyer A, Wormald A, Curtin Y, Fortune DG. Healthcare workers use of psychological support resources during COVID-19; a mixed methods approach utilising Pillar Integration Analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267458. [PMID: 35476796 PMCID: PMC9045652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We sought to examine healthcare workers (HCWs) utilisation of formal and informal psychological support resources in the workplace during the first and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland. Methods A convergent mixed methods approach was undertaken. Four hundred and thirty HCWs in the Mid West and South of Ireland responded to an online survey in terms of their use of psychological support resources during Wave 1 (April/May 2020) of COVID-19. Thirty-nine HCWs undertook in depth interviews at Wave 3 (January/February 2021), and a further quantitative survey was distributed and completed by 278 HCWs at this time. Quantitative data arising at Wave 1 and Wave 3, were synthesised with Qualitative data collected at Wave 3. A Pillar Integration Process (PIP) was utilised in the analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data. Results Five pillars were identified from the integration of results. These were: a) the primacy of peer support, b) the importance of psychologically informed management, c) a need to develop the organisational well-being ethos, d) support for all HCWs, and e) HCWs ideas for developing the well-being path. These pillars encapsulated a strong emphasis on collegial support, an emphasis on the need to support managers, a questioning of the current supports provided within the healthcare organisations and critical reflections on what HCWs viewed as most helpful for their future support needs. Conclusions HCWs who utilised supportive resources indicated ‘in house’ supports, primarily collegial resources, were the most frequently used and perceived as most helpful. While formal psychological supports were important, the mechanism by which such psychological support is made available, through utilising peer support structures and moving towards psychologically informed supervisors and workplaces is likely to be more sustainable and perceived more positively by HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Richards
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Joseph Eustace
- Department of Nephrology, Cork University Hospital and HRB Clinical Research Facility at University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Amanda O' Dwyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Andrew Wormald
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Yvonne Curtin
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Dónal G Fortune
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Jiang M, Shao X, Rao S, Ling Y, Pi Z, Shao Y, Zhao S, Yang L, Wang H, Chen W, Tang J. Emotional State of Chinese Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:854815. [PMID: 35401318 PMCID: PMC8984149 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.854815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Anti-epidemic work against coronavirus disease (COVID) has become routine work in China. Our study was intended to investigate the emotional and psychological state of healthcare workers and look for the association between sociodemographic factors/profession-related condition and emotional state. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted online among healthcare workers from various backgrounds. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed by the Chinese versions of the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively. Supplementary questions (Supplementary Material) were recorded to describe the participants’ information about workplace violence, profession, and attitude related to the COVID pandemic. Wherever suitable, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA were performed to detect group differences of GAD-7 and PHQ-9 total scores after grouping by sociodemographic variables, respectively, such as age, gender, marital status, educational level, after-tax income, department category, job title, experience of workplace violence, and anti-epidemic participation. Multiple linear regression analyses (stepwise method) were utilized in order to look for the potential associated factors of GAD-7 and PHQ-9 total scores. Results A total of 2,139 questionnaires with valid response were completed. Approximately 86.44% of participants had minimal symptoms of anxiety, 11.08% mild, 1.59% moderate, and 0.89% severe. Meanwhile, 81.34% had minimal symptoms of depression, 14.07% mild, 2.90% moderate, 1.17% moderately severe, and 0.51% severe. Student’s t-test showed that participants with female gender, with experience of workplace violence scored higher on both GAD-7 and PHQ-9, and participants with experience of anti-epidemic front-line work during pandemic scored lower on both GAD-7 and PHQ-9. ANOVA showed that participants aging from 31 to 40, with higher educational level, with middle level of annual after-tax income, with department of internal medicine or surgery, or with middle level of job title scored higher on both GAD-7 and PHQ-9. Regression analyses showed that female gender, high job title, and the experience of workplace violence positively were associated with anxiety or depression. Doctoral education, department (other vs. psychiatry), job enthusiasm, and professional self-identity were negatively associated with anxiety or depression. Additionally, psychological support was negatively associated with depression. Conclusion As the epidemic prevention and control against COVID-19 become normalized in China, emotional state of healthcare workers deserves extensive attention. Our study revealed that gender, educational level, department category, job title, the experience of workplace violence, job enthusiasm, and professional self-identity are the most important influencing factors of physician’s anxiety and depression. Self-tailored psychological intervention should be based on the predisposing factors above to mentally prepare healthcare workers for this long-lasting battle against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggang Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jiande, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengyi Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jiande, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ling
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jiande, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhilian Pi
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jiande, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jiande, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuaixiang Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jiande, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jiande, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiming Wang
- Department of Public Health, Health Bureau of Jiande City, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Fukunaga A, Inoue Y, Yamamoto S, Miki T, Hoang DV, Manandhar Shrestha R, Ishiwari H, Ishii M, Miyo K, Konishi M, Ohmagari N, Mizoue T. Association between chronic physical conditions and depressive symptoms among hospital workers in a national medical institution designated for COVID-19 in Japan. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266260. [PMID: 35390049 PMCID: PMC8989319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association between the presence of chronic physical conditions and depressive symptoms among hospital workers at a national medical institution designated for COVID-19 treatment in Tokyo, Japan. We also accounted for the combined association of chronic physical conditions and SARS-CoV-2 infection risk at work in relation to depressive symptoms, given that occupational infection risk might put additional psychological burden among those with chronic physical conditions with risk of severe COVID-19 outcome. Methods The study sample consisted of 2,440 staff members who participated in a health survey conducted at the national medical institution during period between October 2020 and December 2020. Participants who reported at least one chronic physical condition that were deemed risk factors of severe COVID-19 outcome were regarded as having chronic physical conditions. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). We performed logistic regression analysis to assess the association between chronic physical conditions and depressive symptoms. Results Our results showed that the presence of chronic physical conditions was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (odds ratio (OR) = 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10–2.02). In addition, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was significantly higher among healthcare workers with chronic physical conditions who were at a higher occupational infection risk (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.04–3.16). Conclusion Our findings suggest the importance of providing more assistance to those with chronic physical conditions regarding the prevention and control of mental health issues, particularly among frontline healthcare workers engaging in COVID-19-related work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Fukunaga
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yosuke Inoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamamoto
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Miki
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dong Van Hoang
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rachana Manandhar Shrestha
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Ishiwari
- Center for Medical Informatics Intelligence, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Ishii
- Center for Medical Informatics Intelligence, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Miyo
- Center for Medical Informatics Intelligence, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Konishi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Faller G, Zeiser M, Geiger L, Schieron M, Skarabis N, Scheuvens L, Schubert M, Melzer M, Wegewitz U, Seidler A, Girbig M. [Experiences of Stigmatization Among Professional Caregivers in the Context of Covid-19 - a Qualitative Study]. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2022; 84:310-318. [PMID: 35318623 PMCID: PMC11248541 DOI: 10.1055/a-1773-0786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Healthcare workers seem to be more affected by stigma due to the Covid-19 pandemic compared to other occupational groups. However, there is very little research on this topic. The aims of the present study were to investigate pandemic-related stigmatization experiences among nursing and medical staff in Germany and determine the type and effects of stigmatization as well as appropriate prevention and intervention measures. METHODS The interviews were conducted by a semi-structured interview guide and evaluated using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Sixteen nurses participated in the interviews. Sources of stigmatization were friends and acquaintances, family members, executives, colleagues, patients and their relatives, strangers and public media. Some of the interviewed persons reported self-stigmatization. A common cause of stigma in the private environment was the fear of infection. In the context of the work, illness-related absence was also named as one of the causes of stigma. The interviewees reported about distancing and avoiding contact, as well as allegations they were faced with. As a result, they suffered from negative feelings and partially from psychosomatic complaints. Some interviewees tried to avoid stigmatization by concealing their own profession or place of work. Help was offered in private and professional context in form of conversations and encouragement. CONCLUSION Stigmatization of healthcare professionals during the pandemic has hardly been explored in Germany. There is a particular need for research to quantify the extent, manifestations and effects of work-related stigmatization and to develop suitable preventive measures at workplace and outside of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Faller
- Department of Community Health, Hochschule für Gesundheit Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Maria Zeiser
- Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits- und Sozialmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Laura Geiger
- Department of Community Health, Hochschule für Gesundheit Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Schieron
- Department of Community Health, Hochschule für Gesundheit Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Noemi Skarabis
- Department of Community Health, Hochschule für Gesundheit Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lea Scheuvens
- Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits- und Sozialmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Schubert
- Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits- und Sozialmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marlen Melzer
- Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin Gruppe 3.3, Arbeitsgestaltung bei personenbezogenen Dienstleistungen, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uta Wegewitz
- Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin Gruppe 3.5, Evidenzbasierte Arbeitsmedizin, Betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Seidler
- Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits- und Sozialmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Girbig
- Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits- und Sozialmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Bressan V, Mansutti I, Longhini J, Moreale R, Caruzzo D, Libriani S, Danielis M, Palese A. Implications of quarantine among healthcare professionals: findings from a scoping review. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2022; 77:846-862. [PMID: 35200108 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2022.2042171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although quarantine has been largely used in the recent period of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), there has to date been no summary of the available literature regarding its implications among health care workers (HCWs). A scoping review was performed, following The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. The CINAHL, PubMed, and SCOPUS databases were queried up to 31 January 2021. Nine studies ranging from low to high methodological quality, were included. These were conducted in diverse countries, predominantly regarding the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and using cross-sectional designs. Quarantine was found to have multifaceted negative consequences that affected HCWs psychologically, professionally, personally, socially and economically. These findings could be useful as a framework for researchers while designing future study protocols, and for policy-makers or managers while establishing multidimensional effective strategies increasing HCWs' resilience and wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Mansutti
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Renzo Moreale
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Davide Caruzzo
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | | | - Alvisa Palese
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Kuroda N, Kubota T, Horinouchi T, Ikegaya N, Kitazawa Y, Kodama S, Matsubara T, Nagino N, Neshige S, Soga T, Sone D, Takayama Y, Kuramochi I. Risk factors for psychological distress in electroencephalography technicians during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national-level cross-sectional survey in Japan. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 125:108361. [PMID: 34768059 PMCID: PMC8491964 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the risk factors for psychological distress in electroencephalography (EEG) technicians during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHOD In this national-level cross-sectional survey initiated by Japan Young Epilepsy Section (YES-Japan), which is a national chapter of The Young Epilepsy Section of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE-YES), a questionnaire was administered to 173 technicians engaged in EEG at four clinics specializing in epilepsy care and 20 hospitals accredited as (quasi-) epilepsy centers or epilepsy training facilities in Japan from March 1 to April 30, 2021. We collected data on participants' profiles, information about work, and psychological distress outcome measurements, such as the K-6 and Tokyo Metropolitan Distress Scale for Pandemic (TMDP). Linear regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for psychological distress. Factors that were significantly associated with psychological distress in the univariate analysis were subjected to multivariate analysis. RESULTS Among the 142 respondents (response rate: 82%), 128 were included in the final analysis. As many as 35.2% of EEG technicians have been under psychological distress. In multivariate linear regression analysis for K-6, female sex, examination for patients (suspected) with COVID-19, and change in salary or bonus were independent associated factors for psychological distress. Contrastingly, in multivariate linear regression analysis for TMDP, female sex, presence of cohabitants who had to be separated from the respondent due to this pandemic, and change in salary or bonus were independent associated factors for psychological distress. CONCLUSION We successfully identified the risk factors associated with psychological distress in EEG technicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results may help in understanding the psychological stress in EEG technicians during the COVID-19 pandemic and improving the work environment, which is necessary to maintain the mental health of EEG technicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Kuroda
- Japan Young Epilepsy Section (YES-Japan), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA,Corresponding authors at: Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, 3901 Beaubien St, Detroit, MI 48201, USA (N. Kuroda). Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan (N. Ikegaya)
| | - Takafumi Kubota
- Japan Young Epilepsy Section (YES-Japan), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals of Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Toru Horinouchi
- Japan Young Epilepsy Section (YES-Japan), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naoki Ikegaya
- Japan Young Epilepsy Section (YES-Japan), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Japan,Corresponding authors at: Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, 3901 Beaubien St, Detroit, MI 48201, USA (N. Kuroda). Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan (N. Ikegaya)
| | - Yu Kitazawa
- Japan Young Epilepsy Section (YES-Japan), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kodama
- Japan Young Epilepsy Section (YES-Japan), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Matsubara
- Japan Young Epilepsy Section (YES-Japan), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Naoto Nagino
- Japan Young Epilepsy Section (YES-Japan), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan,Epilepsy Center, TMG Asaka Medical Center, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Neshige
- Japan Young Epilepsy Section (YES-Japan), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Temma Soga
- Japan Young Epilepsy Section (YES-Japan), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Epileptology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daichi Sone
- Japan Young Epilepsy Section (YES-Japan), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, United Kingdom
| | - Yutaro Takayama
- Japan Young Epilepsy Section (YES-Japan), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Neurosurgery, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan
| | - Izumi Kuramochi
- Japan Young Epilepsy Section (YES-Japan), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Psychiatry, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - IMPACT-J EPILEPSY (In-depth Multicenter analysis during Pandemic of Covid19 Throughout Japan for Epilepsy practice) study groupKanemotoKousukeoIkedaAkiopTeradaKiyohitoqGojiHirokooOharaShinjirHagiwaraKoichisKamadaTakashisIidaKojitIshikawaNobutsuneuShiraishiHideakivIwataOsatowSuganoHidenorixIimuraYasushixHigashiTakuichiroyHosoyamaHiroshiyHanayaRyosukeyShimotakeAkihirozKikuchiTakayukiaaYoshidaTakeshiabShigetoHiroshiacYokoyamaJunadMukainoTakahikoadKatoMasaakiaeSekimotoMasanoriaeMizobuchiMasahiroafAburakawaYokoafIwasakiMasakimNakagawaEijiagIwataTomohiroahTokumotoKentaroaiNishidaTakujiaiTakahashiYukitoshiaiKikuchiKenjiroajMatsuuraRyukiajHamanoShin-ichiroajYamanouchiHideoakWatanabeSatsukialFujimotoAyatakaamEnokiHideoamTomotoKyoichianWatanabeMasakoaoTakuboYoujiaoFukuchiToshihikoapNakamotoHidetoshiiKubotaYuichiiKuniiNaotoaqShirotaYuichiroarIshikawaEiichiasNakasatoNobukazukMaeharaTaketoshiatInajiMotokiatTakagiShunsukeauEnokizonoTakashiavMasudaYosukeawHayashiTakahiroeDepartment of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, JapanEpilepsy Center, TMG Asaka Medical Center, JapanDepartment of Epileptology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JapanDepartment of Neurosurgery, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, JapanNeuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, JapanDepartment of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, JapanYokohama Minoru Epilepsy & Developmental Clinic, JapanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Fukuoka Sanno Hospital, JapanEpilepsy and Sleep Center, Fukuoka Sanno Hospital, JapanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Center, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, JapanDepartment of Pediatrics, Epilepsy Center, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, JapanDepartment of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Epilepsy Center, JapanIwata Clinic, JapanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Epilepsy Center, JapanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, JapanDepartment of Neurology, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, JapanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, JapanDepartment of Pediatrics, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, JapanDivision of Medical Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyushu University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, JapanNeurological Institute, Department of Neurology, Kyushu University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, JapanMusashino Kokubunji Clinic, JapanDepartment of Neurology, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, JapanDepartment of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, JapanDepartment of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, JapanEpilepsy Center, NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, JapanDivision of Neurology, Saitama Children’s Medical Center, JapanDepartment of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, JapanDepartment of Psychiatry, Saitama Medical University, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, JapanComprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, JapanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, JapanShinjuku Neuro Clinic, JapanSuzukake Clinic, JapanDepartment of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, JapanDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, JapanDepartment of Neurosurgery, The University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Medicine, JapanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, JapanDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, JapanDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, JapanDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Japan
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Liang HF, Wu YC, Wu CY. Nurses' experiences of providing care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan: A qualitative study. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2021; 30:1684-1692. [PMID: 34369646 PMCID: PMC8447461 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the event of a contagious disease outbreak that reaches the level of a pandemic, the responsibility of providing care for patients increases for front-line nurses. However, being in a nursing role exposes professionals to a range of risks, including but not limited to contagion and mental health impacts. This qualitative study aimed to explore in-depth nurses' experiences of providing care in the time of the COVID-19 global pandemic. The study followed the COREQ guidelines. Purposive sampling was applied to recruit participants. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were used to collect the data from 16 nurses across five hospitals in Taiwan in 2020. Contents were analysed using Colaizzi's seven-step method. The essential structure that was identified was 'Providing care cautiously and being alert to the changing environment', which reflects the progress of Taiwanese nurses in providing care during the global COVID-19 pandemic. The essence of the phenomenon is presented through three themes: (i) facing the emerging challenge, (ii) struggling with uncertainty, fear, stigma, and workload, and (iii) adapting to changes in the environment: learning and innovation. The findings identified multi-dimensional impacts of nursing experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the study yielded evidence and practices that can be used to guide and support adequate interventions to support nursing professionals. By understanding the various aspects of nurses' experiences, policymakers and administrators can better address nursing care providers' professional and mental health needs during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwey-Fang Liang
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Puzi, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Wu
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Wu
- Hematology and Oncology-12C ward, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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COVID-19 Stigma and Charismatic Social Relationship: A Legitimization Narrative of President Trump’s Status as a Charismatic Leader following a SARS-CoV-2 Infection Reported by the Portuguese Media. SOCIETIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/soc11040130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This concept paper aimed to understand how stigma, a concept usually associated with negative social relationships, in the context of a pandemic threat such as COVID-19 can, in some situations, structure a charismatic social relationship in a perceived positive association between stigma and a specific social characteristic. For this purpose, we used the example of the news selected and highlighted by several Portuguese media about the actions and messages developed by President Trump in the context of his infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the subsequent recovery process. These news reports gave visibility to a narrative that can be considered as reinforcing the legitimization of his condition as a charismatic leader in an electoral context marked by the pandemic threat. In conclusion, stigma associated with a pandemic health threat and generally linked to a negative social status can also reinforce admiration, trust, and belief in the charismatic leader by supporters and followers, as demonstrated with the plight of President Trump. Stigma can be a factor in social uplift in affirming an upward trajectory of social status and symbolic power for actors seen as ill, where stigma-motivated discrimination is experienced positively, unlike in most cases.
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Kwaghe AV, Kwaghe VG, Habib ZG, Kwaghe GV, Ilesanmi OS, Ekele BA, Umeokonkwo CD, Balogun MS. Stigmatization and psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on frontline healthcare Workers in Nigeria: a qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:518. [PMID: 34670530 PMCID: PMC8528377 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has had a great toll on global health. Frontline healthcare workers (FHCW) directly involved in the treatment of COVID-19 patients have faced some physical and psychological challenges. This study explored the stigma and traumatic experiences of the FHCW during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. METHODS We recruited twenty FHCW directly involved in the treatment of COVID-19 patients through purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted for all participants, and qualitative analysis of data was done using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. RESULTS Five themes identified were: Early stage of the pandemic (fear, anxiety, public fright, other countries repatriating their citizens, the socio-economic impact of the pandemic and a call to duty for the FHCW); working with COVID-19 patients (excitement on patients recovery and duty stress); psychological, mental and emotional trauma; stigmatization (stigmatized by colleagues, family, friends or their residential communities, reasons for stigmatization which were fear of infection, limited knowledge of the virus and working at the isolation centre and the effect of stigma); and recommendations (education and awareness creation, government showing more care towards the FHCW and provision of health insurance for FHCW to take care of those that get infected in the line of duty). CONCLUSION Stigmatization has proven to be a major challenge for FHCW in conducting their duties. The psychological impact experienced by FHCW may affect the quality of the services rendered by these workers. The study reveals the need of education and awareness creation in the ongoing pandemic. There is a need for the government and society to acknowledge and appreciate the efforts of FHCW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayi Vandi Kwaghe
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria.
- Department of Veterinary and Pest Control Services, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Vivian Gga Kwaghe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Zaiyad Garba Habib
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Gga Vandi Kwaghe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Bissalah Ahmed Ekele
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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