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Foucher JR, Hirjak D, Walther S, Dormegny-Jeanjean LC, Humbert I, Mainberger O, de Billy CC, Schorr B, Vercueil L, Rogers J, Ungvari G, Waddington J, Berna F. From one to many: Hypertonia in schizophrenia spectrum psychosis an integrative review and adversarial collaboration report. Schizophr Res 2024; 263:66-81. [PMID: 37059654 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Different types of resistance to passive movement, i.e. hypertonia, were described in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) long before the introduction of antipsychotics. While these have been rediscovered in antipsychotic-naïve patients and their non-affected relatives, the existence of intrinsic hypertonia vs drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) in treated SSD remains controversial. This integrative review seeks to develop a commonly accepted framework to specify the putative clinical phenomena, highlight conflicting issues and discuss ways to challenge each hypothesis and model through adversarial collaboration. The authors agreed on a common framework inspired from systems neuroscience. Specification of DIP, locomotor paratonia (LMP) and psychomotor paratonia (PMP) identified points of disagreement. Some viewed parkinsonian rigidity to be sufficient for diagnosing DIP, while others viewed DIP as a syndrome that should include bradykinesia. Sensitivity of DIP to anticholinergic drugs and the nature of LPM and PMP were the most debated issues. It was agreed that treated SSD should be investigated first. Clinical features of the phenomena at issue could be confirmed by torque, EMG and joint angle measures that could help in challenging the selectivity of DIP to anticholinergics. LMP was modeled as the release of the reticular formation from the control of the supplementary motor area (SMA), which could be challenged by the tonic vibration reflex or acoustic startle. PMP was modeled as the release of primary motor cortex from the control of the SMA and may be informed by subclinical echopraxia. If these challenges are not met, this would put new constraints on the models and have clinical and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack R Foucher
- ICube - CNRS UMR 7357, Neurophysiology, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, France, EU; CEMNIS - Noninvasive Neuromodulation Center, University Hospital Strasbourg, France, EU.
| | - Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany, EU
| | - Sebastian Walther
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic C Dormegny-Jeanjean
- ICube - CNRS UMR 7357, Neurophysiology, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, France, EU; CEMNIS - Noninvasive Neuromodulation Center, University Hospital Strasbourg, France, EU
| | - Ilia Humbert
- CEMNIS - Noninvasive Neuromodulation Center, University Hospital Strasbourg, France, EU
| | - Olivier Mainberger
- ICube - CNRS UMR 7357, Neurophysiology, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, France, EU; CEMNIS - Noninvasive Neuromodulation Center, University Hospital Strasbourg, France, EU
| | - Clément C de Billy
- ICube - CNRS UMR 7357, Neurophysiology, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, France, EU; CEMNIS - Noninvasive Neuromodulation Center, University Hospital Strasbourg, France, EU
| | - Benoit Schorr
- Pôle de Psychiatrie, Santé Mentale et Addictologie, University Hospital Strasbourg, France, EU; Physiopathologie et Psychopathologie Cognitive de la Schizophrénie - INSERM 1114, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, France, EU
| | - Laurent Vercueil
- Unité de neurophysiologie clinique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Université Grenoble Alpes, France, EU; INSERM U1216, Institut de neurosciences, Grenoble, France, EU
| | - Jonathan Rogers
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gabor Ungvari
- Section of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - John Waddington
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland, EU
| | - Fabrice Berna
- Pôle de Psychiatrie, Santé Mentale et Addictologie, University Hospital Strasbourg, France, EU; Physiopathologie et Psychopathologie Cognitive de la Schizophrénie - INSERM 1114, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, France, EU
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Ashouri S, Letafatkar A, Thomas AC, Yaali R, Kalantari M. The challenge point framework to improve stepping reaction and balance in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: A case series study. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2022; 16:37-48. [PMID: 36314222 DOI: 10.3233/prm-201522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the effects of the challenge point framework (CPF) to improve stepping reactions and enhance balance in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP). The CPF relates practice variables to the skill level of the individual and task difficulty. METHODS Nine children with HCP (age: 7.7±2.4 years) completed six weeks (12 sessions) of a CPF intervention which consisted of progressively fewer sets and repetitions of a stepping reaction task wherein participants sought to improve both step length and reaction rate. Stepping reaction (step length and reaction rate) to a balance perturbation in the anterior, posterior, and lateral directions and static and dynamic balance (via the Pediatric Balance Scale) were measured at baseline, a second baseline 3 weeks later, and post-intervention. Repeated measures ANOVAs determined within-group changes. Cohen's d effect sizes were calculated. RESULTS Participants improved balance (d = 0.948, p = 0.010), step length (forward d = 0.938, p = 0.002; backward d = 0.839, p = 0.001; and lateral d = 0.876, p = 0.002), and reaction rate (forward d = 0.249, p = 0.042; backward d = 0.21, p = 0.047; and lateral d = 0.198, p = 0.049). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that children with HCP may benefit from completing a CPF program with a motor learning approach. This approach of retraining stepping reactions helped to improve static and dynamic balance. The CPF may aid progression of functional task training in children with HCP aged 4-12, though more studies with a long-term follow-up analysis are needed to confirm this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Ashouri
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport injuries, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Republic of Iran
| | - Amir Letafatkar
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport injuries, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Republic of Iran
| | - Abbey C Thomas
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Rasoul Yaali
- Department of Motor Behavior, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Republic of Iran
| | - Minoo Kalantari
- Department of Occupational therapy, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Republic of Iran
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Silva AF, Nobari H, Badicu G, Ceylan HI, Lima R, Lagoa MJ, Luz C, Clemente FM. Reliability levels of motor competence in youth athletes. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:430. [PMID: 35854239 PMCID: PMC9297583 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the reliability of the tests included in the motor competence assessment (MCA) battery and compare the effects of the number of trials per test. Thirty female volleyball players (14.6 ± 1.3 years of age) were tested. The participants performed two or three trials of each test. Intra-class correlation (ICC) was calculated, and a paired sample t-test analyzed the variations between trials (1st vs. 2nd vs. 3rd). Results revealed a significant difference between the first and the second trials for jumping sideways [t(29) = -4.108, p < 0.01], standing long jump [t(29) = -3.643, p < 0.01], and shuttle run [t(29) = -3.139, p < 0.01]. No significant result was registered in the shifting platforms, ball throwing and kicking between the first and second trials. Hence, any difference was recorded between the second and third trial. High ICC values were registered in lateral jumps, among the three repetitions of ball kicking and ball throwing, and between the last two repetitions of shuttle run. Almost perfect values were recorded for the shifting platforms and standing long jump. Nevertheless, there seems to be a learning effect between the first and the second repetition-no differences were registered only considering the two manipulative tests. In conclusion, except for jumping sideways, the MCA tests are reliable and only need to be performed two times instead of three.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Silva
- The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal.,Sport Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Rua Escola Industrial E Comercial de Nun'Alvares, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain. .,Department of Motor Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, 500068, Braşov, Romania. .,Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 5619911367, Iran.
| | - Georgian Badicu
- Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500086, Brasov, Romania
| | - Halil Ibrahim Ceylan
- Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department, Kazim Karabekir Faculty of Education, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ricardo Lima
- The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal.,Sport Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Rua Escola Industrial E Comercial de Nun'Alvares, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Maria João Lagoa
- The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal.,University of Maia, UMAIA, Maia, Portugal
| | - Carlos Luz
- Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudos Educacionais, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Sport Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Rua Escola Industrial E Comercial de Nun'Alvares, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.,Delegação da Covilhã, Instituto de Telecomunicações, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
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Effects of Multicomponent Exercise Training Program on Biochemical and Motor Functions in Patients with Alzheimer’s Dementia. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a multicomponent exercise training program on motor function and biochemical markers in patients with Alzheimer’s-type dementia. Twenty patients with Alzheimer disease, divided into the intervention group (IG; aged 84 ± 3.1 years) and the control group (CG; aged 86 ± 2.6 years) were included in this study. The intervention group was enrolled into an exercise training program for three months (two sessions of 60 min per week). The CG was instructed to follow their daily rhythm of life (e.g., rest, reading) without a physical training program. After 3 months of participation in a multicomponent exercise program, gait speed, balance and walking parameters were all improved in the intervention group as measured with the Berg Balance Scale, the Tinetti test, the 6-min walking test and the timed up and go test (p < 0.05 for all; percentage range of improvements: 3.17% to 53.40%), except the walking while talking test, and biochemical parameters were not affected (p > 0.05). Our results demonstrate that exercise improves postural control, aerobic capacity and mobility functions in patients with Alzheimer disease. Physical exercise is a safe and effective method for treating physical disorders in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and can easily be integrated in various programs for the management of Alzheimer disease.
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