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Ayanore MA, Adjuik M, Zuñiga RAA, Amuna P, Ezechi O, Brown B, Uzochukwu B, Aly NM, Quadri MFA, Popoola BO, Ishabiyi AO, Ellakany P, Yousaf MA, Virtanen JI, Lawal FB, Ara E, Khan ATA, Gaffar B, El Tantawi M, Nguyen AL, Foláyan MO. Economic and social determinants of health care utilization during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic among adults in Ghana: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:455. [PMID: 38350910 PMCID: PMC10865527 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic had socioeconomic effects in Africa. This study assessed the social and economic determinants of healthcare utilization during the first wave of COVID-19 among adults in Ghana. METHODS Information about individuals residing in Ghana was derived from a survey conducted across multiple countries, aiming to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and overall well-being of adults aged 18 and above. The dependent variable for the study was healthcare utilization (categorized as low or high). The independent variables were economic (such as financial loss, job loss, diminished wages, investment/retirement setbacks, and non-refunded travel cancellations) and social (including food scarcity, loss of financial support sources, housing instability, challenges affording food, clothing, shelter, electricity, utilities, and increased caregiving responsibilities for partners) determinants of health. A multinomial logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with healthcare utilization after adjusting for confounders (age, gender, access to medical insurance, COVID-19 status, educational background, employment, and marital status of the participants). RESULTS The analysis included 364 responses. Individuals who encountered a loss of financial support (AOR: 9.58; 95% CI: 3.44-26.73; p < 0.001), a decrease or loss of wages (AOR: 7.44, 95% CI: 3.05-18.16, p < 0.001), experienced investment or retirement setbacks (AOR: 10.69, 95% CI: 2.60-43.88, p = 0.001), and expressed concerns about potential food shortages (AOR: 6.85, 95% CI: 2.49-18.84, p < 0.001) exhibited significantly higher odds of low healthcare utilization during the initial phase of the pandemic. Contrastingly, participants facing challenges in paying for basic needs demonstrated lower odds of low healthcare utilization compared to those who found it easy to cover basic expenses (AOR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.06-0.67, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Economic and social factors were associated with low healthcare utilization in Ghana during the first wave of the pandemic. Investment or retirement loss and financial support loss during the pandemic had the largest effect on healthcare utilization. Further research is needed to understand the connection between concerns about food shortages, welfare losses during pandemics and healthcare utilization during pandemics in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Amogre Ayanore
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ho, Ghana.
- Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
| | - Martin Adjuik
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | | | - Paul Amuna
- Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Oliver Ezechi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ho, Ghana
- Department of Social Medicine, Population and Public Health, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Brandon Brown
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ho, Ghana
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin Uzochukwu
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ho, Ghana
- University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN) Enugu Campus, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Nourhan M Aly
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ho, Ghana
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mir Faeq Ali Quadri
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ho, Ghana
- Texas Tech University and Health Sciences Center, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bamidele Olubukola Popoola
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ho, Ghana
- Department of Child Oral Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Anthonia Omotola Ishabiyi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ho, Ghana
- Department of Sociology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Passent Ellakany
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ho, Ghana
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Abrar Yousaf
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ho, Ghana
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jorma I Virtanen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ho, Ghana
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Folake Barakat Lawal
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ho, Ghana
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Eshrat Ara
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ho, Ghana
- Government College for Women, Srinagar, Kashmir (J&K), India
| | - Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ho, Ghana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Superior University, Kot Araian, Raiwind Road, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ho, Ghana
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ho, Ghana
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Annie L Nguyen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ho, Ghana
- Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Moréniké Oluwátóyìn Foláyan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ho, Ghana
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Folayan MO, Ibigbami O, El Tantawi M, Aly NM, Zuñiga RAA, Abeldaño GF, Ara E, Ellakany P, Gaffar B, Al-Khanati NM, Idigbe I, Ishabiyi AO, Khan ATA, Khalid Z, Lawal FB, Lusher J, Nzimande NP, Popoola BO, Quadri MFA, Roque M, Okeibunor JC, Brown B, Nguyen AL. Associations between mental health challenges, sexual activity, alcohol consumption, use of other psychoactive substances and use of COVID-19 preventive measures during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic by adults in Nigeria. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1506. [PMID: 37559049 PMCID: PMC10410824 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to assess: 1) the associations among sexual activity, alcohol consumption, use of other psychoactive substances and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic; and 2) the associations between COVID-19 preventive measures, alcohol consumption and use of psychoactive substances. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of data collected from adults in Nigeria between July and December 2020. The variables extracted included change in sexual activity, alcohol consumption and use of other psychoactive substances, COVID-19 preventive behaviors (wearing face masks, washing hands, physical distancing), anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and sociodemographic variables (age, sex, education, HIV status, employment status). Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted. A model was run to regress depression, anxiety, PTSD, increased alcohol consumption, and increased use of other psychoactive substances, on increased sexual activity. In separate models, anxiety, depression, and PTSD were regressed on increased alcohol consumption and on increased use of other psychoactive substances. Finally, three models were constructed to determine the associations between increased alcohol consumption and increased use of other psychoactive substances on three separate COVID-19 preventive behaviors. All models were adjusted for sociodemographic variables. RESULTS Increased alcohol consumption (AOR:2.19) and increased use of other psychoactive substances (AOR: 3.71) were significantly associated with higher odds of increased sexual activity. Depression was associated with significantly higher odds of increased alcohol consumption (AOR:1.71) and increased use of other psychoactive substances (AOR:3.21). Increased alcohol consumption was associated with significantly lower odds of physical distancing (AOR:0.59). CONCLUSION There was a complex inter-relationship between mental health, sexual health, increased use of psychoactive substances. The consumption of alcohol also affected compliance with physical distancing. Further studies are needed to understand the observed relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
- Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | | | - Maha El Tantawi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21527, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M Aly
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21527, Egypt
| | - Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Postgraduate Department, University of Sierra Sur, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Giuliana Florencia Abeldaño
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- School of Medicine, University of Sierra Sur, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Eshrat Ara
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Psychology, Government College for Women, Moulana Azad Road Srinagar Kashmir (Jammu and Kashmir), Srinagar, 190001, India
| | - Passent Ellakany
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- College of Dentistry, Substitutive Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuraldeen Maher Al-Khanati
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ifeoma Idigbe
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Anthonia Omotola Ishabiyi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Sociology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-I-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Zumama Khalid
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-I-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Folake Barakat Lawal
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joanne Lusher
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Provost's Group, Regent's University London, London, UK
| | - Ntombifuthi P Nzimande
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Economic and Human Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, University of Szeged, 6722, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bamidele Olubukola Popoola
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Child Oral Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mir Faeq Ali Quadri
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Division of Dental Public Health, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Roque
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Maternity and Childhood Department, College of Nursing, Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph Chukwudi Okeibunor
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- WHO Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, BP 06, Congo
| | - Brandon Brown
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Social Medicine, Population and Public Health, Riverside School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Annie Lu Nguyen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Chippaux JP. [Impact of COVID-19 on public health in sub-Saharan Africa]. BULLETIN DE L'ACADEMIE NATIONALE DE MEDECINE 2023; 207:150-164. [PMID: 36628105 PMCID: PMC9816877 DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective This work aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare supply in sub-Saharan Africa except South Africa. Method A search through PubMed® between April 2020 and August 2022 selected 135 articles. The impact of COVID-19 was assessed on comparisons with the months prior to the onset of COVID-19 or an identical season in previous years. Results The decline of health services, associated with a reduction in their quality, and the closure of specialized health units have been reported. Many control programs and public health interventions have been interrupted, with the risk of an increase of the corresponding diseases. Social disorganization has generated mental health issues among the population, including health personnel. The impact was heterogeneous in space and time. The main causes were attributed to containment measures (transport restrictions, trade closures) and the lack of human and material resources. The increase in costs, in addition to the impoverishment of the population, and the fear of being contaminated or stigmatized have discouraged patients from going to health centres. The studies mention the gradual return to normal after the first epidemic wave and the resilience of the healthcare system. Conclusion Several articles make recommendations aimed at reducing the impact of future epidemics: support for community workers, training of health workers and reorganization of services to improve the reception and care of patients, technological innovations (use of telephones, drones, etc.) and better information monitoring.
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Orjiakor EC, Adediran A, Ugwu JO, Nwachukwu W. Household living conditions and food insecurity in Nigeria: a longitudinal study during COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066810. [PMID: 36604138 PMCID: PMC9826925 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study set out to investigate the risk of household food insecurity in Nigeria during the novel COVID-19 pandemic using a harmonised dataset of Nigeria's prepandemic face-to-face survey and two waves of the COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (NLPS). SETTING Nigeria. PARTICIPANTS A representative sample of 1674 households is used in the analysis. DESIGN A longitudinal study. RESULTS Our longitudinal study reveals a significant increase in the prevalence of food insecurity in Nigeria during the COVID-19 crisis. For a sample of 1674 households used in the analysis, nearly 32% were moderately food insecure in the baseline survey (ie, the prepandemic period), compared with 74% and 72% that faced the same degree of food insecurity in the two waves of the COVID-19 phone survey. In like manner, not up to 4% of the households faced severe food insecurity in the prepandemic period, compared with 43% and 22% that experienced the same level of food insecurity during the period of the pandemic. Based on the available information in the dataset, we construct a composite non-monetary measure (or index) of household well-being and employ the binary logistic model to investigate the objects under study. The empirical results show that the well-being index has a strong negative association with household food insecurity. Further investigation reveals that the risk of being food insecure increases for households in relatively poor living conditions compared with those in the middle category and conversely declines for households in much better living conditions. CONCLUSION This study informs an understanding of the prevalence and risk of household food insecurity in Nigeria during the novel COVID-19 pandemic and provides insights that can guide policy actions in responding to the current wave of food crises in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jamesclement Onyekachi Ugwu
- Economics, University of Nigeria Faculty of Social Sciences, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- Corporate Alliance Research and Statistics (CARES), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Wisdom Nwachukwu
- Economics, University of Nigeria Faculty of Social Sciences, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- Qaval Research Ltd, Enugu, Nigeria
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5
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Cheng C, Ying W. A meta-analytic review of the associations between dimensions of religious coping and psychological symptoms during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1097598. [PMID: 36741121 PMCID: PMC9894651 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1097598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the unknown etiology and treatment of the highly transmissible coronavirus posed considerable threats to public mental health. Many people around the globe turned to religion as an attempt to mitigate their heightened psychological distress, but mixed findings have been obtained regarding the association between the use of religious coping and two psychological symptoms-anxiety and depressive symptoms-widely reported in the initial wave. OBJECTIVE The present meta-analysis was conducted to resolve the empirical inconsistency by synthesizing this body of studies and identifying both individual and national-level factors that accounted for the inconsistent findings. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, the literature search and data screening procedures yielded 42 eligible studies, with 25,438 participants (58% females, average age = 36.50 years) from 24 countries spanning seven world regions. RESULTS Overall, the results showed that only negative religious coping was positively associated with psychological symptoms (r = 0.2886, p < 0.0001). Although the associations of both general and positive religious coping with psychological symptoms were non-significant (rs = 0.0425 and -0.0240, ps > 0.39), the moderation analysis revealed significant positive associations between positive religious coping and psychological symptoms in two demographic groups who experienced greater pandemic distress than their counterparts: younger participants and female participants. DISCUSSION This meta-analysis provides a nuanced understanding of the complex nature of religious coping in the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic when the levels of public anxiety and stress were heightened. The exclusive use of religious coping may not be associated with low levels of psychological symptoms, implying the importance of supplementing the deployment of this strategy with an array of other strategies. Therapists of mental health interventions should show their clients how to make good use of positive religious coping together with other strategies, and how to avoid the use of negative religious coping, to handle their psychological problems. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://osf.io/shb32/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Cheng
- Social and Health Psychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weijun Ying
- Department of Education, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Zhang D, Su F, Meng X, Zhang Z. Impact of media trust and personal epidemic experience on epidemic prevention behaviors in the context of COVID-19: A cross-sectional study based on protection motivation theory. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1137692. [PMID: 37124803 PMCID: PMC10133695 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1137692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to elucidate the impact of media trust on epidemic prevention motivation and behaviors based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and to evaluate the moderation effect of personal epidemic experience, which focused on the differences in two groups with or without epidemic experience. Methods The exogenous constructs and PMT model and scale were constructed through literature analysis, and a web-based questionnaire survey was conducted among 428 individuals aged above 18 years in China. Statistical analysis and hypothesis testing were performed in SPSS 26 and SmartPLS 3. Results Traditional media trust accounted for the largest weight in media trust (w = 0.492, p-value < 0.001), followed by social media (w = 0.463, p-value < 0.001), and interpersonal communication (w = 0.290, p-value < 0.001). Media trust was positively and significantly related to both threat appraisal (β = 0.210, p-value < 0.001) and coping appraisal (β = 0.260, p-value < 0.001). Threat appraisal (β = 0.105, p-value < 0.05) and coping appraisal (β = 0.545, p-value < 0.001) were positively and significantly related to epidemic prevention motivation, which positively and significantly related to epidemic prevention behaviors (β = 0.492, p-value < 0.001). The R2 values of epidemic prevention motivation and behavior are 0.350 and 0.240, respectively, indicating an acceptable explanation. Multiple-group analysis revealed five significant differences in paths between the two groups, indicating personal epidemic experience acting as a slight moderator on these paths. Conclusion Traditional media trust and social media trust were the important elements in COVID-19 prevention and control, and public health departments and governments should ensure the accuracy and reliability of information from traditional and social media. Simultaneously, the media should balance threat information and efficacy information in order to generate the public's prevention motivation and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Pharmaceutical Economic Management Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Institute of Health Development, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fan Su
- College of Humanities and Management, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoxia Meng
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Pharmaceutical Economic Management Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Institute of Health Development, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- School of Accounting, Dianchi College of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Zhixin Zhang,
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Folayan MO, Abeldaño Zuniga RA, Abeldaño GF, Quadri MFA, Jafer M, Yousaf MA, Ellakany P, Nzimande N, Ara E, Al-Khanati NM, Khalid Z, Lawal F, Roque M, Lusher J, Popoola BO, Khan ATA, Ayanore MA, Gaffar B, Virtanen JI, Aly NM, Okeibunor JC, El Tantawi M, Nguyen AL. Is self-reported depression, HIV status, COVID-19 health risk profile and SARS-CoV-2 exposure associated with difficulty in adhering to COVID-19 prevention measures among residents in West Africa? BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2057. [PMID: 36357851 PMCID: PMC9648438 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine whether self-reported depression, coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) health risk profile, HIV status, and SARS-CoV-2 exposure were associated with the use of COVID-19 prevention measures. METHODS This survey collected data electronically between June 29 and December 31, 2020 from a convenient sample of 5050 adults 18 years and above living in 12 West African countries. The dependent variables were: social distancing, working remotely, difficulty obtaining face masks and difficulty washing hands often. The independent variables were self-reported depression, having a health risk for COVID-19 (high, moderate and little/no risk), living with HIV and COVID-19 status (SARS-CoV-2 positive tests, having COVID-19 symptoms but not getting tested, having a close friend who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and knowing someone who died from COVID-19). Four binary logistic regression models were developed to model the associations between the dependent and independent variables, adjusting for socio-demographic variables (age, gender, educational status, employment status and living status). RESULTS There were 2412 (47.8%) male participants and the mean (standard deviation) age was 36.94 (11.47) years. Respondents who reported depression had higher odds of working remotely (AOR: 1.341), and having difficulty obtaining face masks (AOR: 1.923;) and washing hands often (AOR: 1.263). People living with HIV had significantly lower odds of having difficulty washing hands often (AOR: 0.483). Respondents with moderate health risk for COVID-19 had significantly higher odds of social distancing (AOR: 1.144) and those with high health risk had difficulty obtaining face masks (AOR: 1.910). Respondents who had a close friend who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (AOR: 1.132) and knew someone who died of COVID-19 (AOR: 1.094) had significantly higher odds of social distancing. Those who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 had significantly lower odds of social distancing (AOR: 0.629) and working remotely (AOR: 0.713). Those who had symptoms of COVID-19 but did not get tested had significantly lower odds of social distancing (AOR: 0.783) but significantly higher odds of working remotely (AOR: 1.277). CONCLUSIONS The study signifies a disparity in the access to and use of COVID-19 preventative measures that is allied to the health and COVID-19 status of residents in West Africa. Present findings point to risk compensation behaviours in explaining this outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.416197.c0000 0001 0247 1197Nigeria Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuniga
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,Postgraduate Department, University of Sierra Sur., Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Giuliana Florencia Abeldaño
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,School of Medicine, University of Sierra Sur., Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Mir Faeq Ali Quadri
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Mohammed Jafer
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Division of Dental Public Health, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia ,grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Abrar Yousaf
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.444943.a0000 0004 0609 0887Department of Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Passent Ellakany
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ntombifuthi Nzimande
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Department of Economic and Human Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, University of Szeged, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eshrat Ara
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.411678.d0000 0001 0941 7660Department of Psychology, Government College for Women, MA Road Srinagar Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nuraldeen Maher Al-Khanati
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.449576.d0000 0004 5895 8692Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Zumama Khalid
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - Folake Lawal
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mark Roque
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.412892.40000 0004 1754 9358Maternity and Childhood Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Joanne Lusher
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.449469.20000 0004 0516 1006Regent’s University London, London, UK
| | - Bamidele O. Popoola
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Child Oral Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XSchool of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-E-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590 Pakistan
| | - Martin Amogre Ayanore
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.449729.50000 0004 7707 5975Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jorma I. Virtanen
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Nourhan M. Aly
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Joseph Chukwudi Okeibunor
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,World Health Organisation, AFRO, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Annie Lu Nguyen
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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8
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Zila-Velasque JP, Grados-Espinoza P, Quispe-Chura K, Valdiviezo-Morales CG, Diaz-Vélez C, Valladares-Garrido MJ. Prevalence and factors associated with food insecurity in eight high-altitude cities in Peru during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective, cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1962. [PMID: 36284287 PMCID: PMC9593981 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Food insecurity has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, affecting an estimated 260 million people. However, little evidence is available on how pandemic-related characteristics influence food security in a high-altitude population. The objective of this study was to assess factors associated with food insecurity in high-altitude Peruvian cities during the second epidemic wave of COVID-19. Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in eight Peruvian cities over 1,500 m above sea level. An online survey measuring food security, presence of anxiety & depressive symptoms, sleep quality, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), resilience, and sociodemographic characteristics was disseminated through social networks between December 2020 and February 2021. Generalized linear models were used to identify an association between the study variables. Results Of 700 participants, the median age was 23 years, and more than half were female (56.7%). The prevalence of food insecurity was 37.1%. Anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and PTSD were present in 72.7%, 64.1%, and 15% of respondents, respectively. The prevalence of food insecurity was higher in people with fair (PR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.23–2.07) and very bad perception of their health (PR: 4.06, 95% CI: 2.63–6.26), individuals seeking mental health support (PR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.25–1.62), and in those who lost their job due to the pandemic (PR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.62–2.04). Having moderate (PR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.26–1.83) and moderate to severe depressive symptoms (PR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.11–2.27) also increased the prevalence of food insecurity. Conclusion During the pandemic, the prevalence of food insecurity has increased in the Peruvian high-altitude population, revealing the need for preventive strategies. Identification of pandemic-related characteristics that influence food insecurity can guide interventions in at-risk individuals and reduce the long-term impact of this problem on overall health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Pierre Zila-Velasque
- grid.441704.20000 0001 0087 8137School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Pasco, Peru ,Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en La Altitud E Investigación (REDLAMAI), Pasco, Peru
| | - Pamela Grados-Espinoza
- grid.441704.20000 0001 0087 8137School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Pasco, Peru ,Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en La Altitud E Investigación (REDLAMAI), Pasco, Peru
| | - Katherine Quispe-Chura
- grid.441943.f0000 0001 1089 6427School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Peru
| | - Christopher G. Valdiviezo-Morales
- grid.441932.90000 0004 0418 8231School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura, Peru ,grid.441932.90000 0004 0418 8231Scientific Society of Medical Students, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura, Peru
| | - Cristian Diaz-Vélez
- grid.441975.a0000 0001 0739 3319School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, Peru ,grid.420173.30000 0000 9677 5193Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación – IETSI, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Mario J. Valladares-Garrido
- grid.441766.60000 0004 4676 8189Universidad Continental, Lima, Peru ,Oficina de Epidemiología, Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Chiclayo, Peru
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9
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Lamontagne E, Folayan MO, Arije O, Enemo A, Sunday A, Muhammad A, Nyako HY, Abdullah RM, Okiwu H, Undelikwo VA, Ogbozor PA, Amusan O, Alaba OA. The effects of COVID-19 on food insecurity, financial vulnerability and housing insecurity among women and girls living with or at risk of HIV in Nigeria. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH 2022; 21:297-305. [DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2022.2113107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Lamontagne
- Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Strategic Information, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Economics, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Nigeria Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Nigeria
- Community Oral Health Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Olujide Arije
- Institute of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria
| | - Amaka Enemo
- Nigeria Sex Workers Association, Kubwa, Nigeria
| | - Aaron Sunday
- African Network of Adolescent and Young Persons Development, Barnawa, Nigeria
| | - Amira Muhammad
- Northern Nigerian Transgender Initiative, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Pamela Adaobi Ogbozor
- Department of Psychology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaranmilowo Amusan
- Institute of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria
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10
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Ngarava S. Empirical analysis on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food insecurity in South Africa. PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH (2002) 2022; 127:103180. [PMID: 35694434 PMCID: PMC9173843 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2022.103180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study sought to ascertain the changes in the food insecurity status of households during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study made use of secondary data obtained from the 5 Waves of the National Income Dynamics Study-Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey (NIDS-CRAM). Descriptive statistics, food insecurity index and independent sample t-test were used to compare the mean differences in the food insecurity statuses of the households over the 5 Waves. The study found that there was an increase in food insecurity as the COVID-19 progressed from Wave 1 to 5. Significant differences at the 1% level were observed between Wave 5 and Wave 1 as well as between Wave 5 and Wave 3. The study concludes that there was food security in the initial progression of the COVID-19 pandemic which deteriorated. The study recommends a reconsideration of the scrapping of the top ups on the social grants. This will likely tighten the dire economic situation the households find themselves in. There is need to expand the social safety nets to accommodate the vulnerable in society. Short and localised value chains should be promoted to improve food accessibility during times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul Ngarava
- Risk and Vulnerability Science Centre, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, 1 King William's Town Road, Alice, 5700, South Africa
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11
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Folayan MO, Zuniga RAA, Ezechi OC, Brown B, Nguyen AL, Aly NM, Ellakany P, Idigbe IE, Khan ATA, Lawal FB, Jafer M, Gaffar B, Popoola BO, Quadri MFA, Virtanen JI, Lusher J, El Tantawi M. Associations between Emotional Distress, Sleep Changes, Decreased Tooth Brushing Frequency, Self-Reported Oral Ulcers and SARS-Cov-2 Infection during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191811550. [PMID: 36141821 PMCID: PMC9516999 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the association between emotional distress, sleep changes, decreased frequency of tooth brushing, and self-reported oral ulcers, and the association between COVID-19 status and decreased frequency of tooth brushing. Using a cross-sectional online survey, data were collected from adults in 152 countries between July and December 2020. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between dependent (decreased frequency of tooth brushing, oral ulcers, change in sleep pattern) and independent (tested positive for COVID-19, depression, anxiety, frustration/boredom, loneliness, anger, and grief/feeling of loss) variables after adjusting for confounders (age, sex, level of education, employment status). Of the 14,970 participants data analyzed, 1856 (12.4%) tested positive for COVID-19. Respondents who reported feeling depressed (AoR: 1.375), lonely (AoR: 1.185), angry (AoR: 1.299), and experienced sleep changes (AoR:1.466) had significantly higher odds of decreased tooth brushing frequency. Respondents who felt anxious (AoR: 1.255), angry (AoR: 1.510), grief/sense of loss (AoR: 1.236), and sleep changes (AoR: 1.262) had significantly higher odds of oral ulcers. Respondents who tested positive for COVID-19 had significantly higher odds of decreased tooth brushing frequency (AoR: 1.237) and oral ulcers (AoR: 2.780). These findings highlight that the relationship between emotional distress and oral health may intensify during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
| | - Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuniga
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Post Graduate School, University of Sierra Sur, Oaxaca 70805, Mexico
| | - Oliver C. Ezechi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos 100001, Nigeria
| | - Brandon Brown
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Social Medicine, Population and Public Health, Riverside School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92501, USA
| | - Annie L. Nguyen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Nourhan M. Aly
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Passent Ellakany
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ifeoma E. Idigbe
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos 100001, Nigeria
| | - Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Superior University Lahore, Main Raiwind Road Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Folake Barakat Lawal
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan 200132, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Jafer
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bamidele Olubukola Popoola
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Child Oral Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200132, Nigeria
| | - Mir Faeq Ali Quadri
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Jorma I. Virtanen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Joanne Lusher
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Provost’s Group, Regent’s University London, London NW1 4NS, UK
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
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12
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Asibong U, Bisong E, Okpa H, Legogie A, Asibong I, Alabi A, Okokon IB, Gyuse A, Udonwa N. Assessment of Awareness, Knowledge and Willingness to Care for COVID-19 Patients by Primary Care Providers in a Southern Nigerian City: A Cross-sectional Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Owing to the novel nature of COVID-19, management strategies are poorly understood by most Primary Care Providers (PCPs) especially in the Low and middle-income Countries (LMIC) of the world. If the knowledge of PCPs concerning COVID-19 is enhanced, awareness, perception and attitude towards patient care will improve. Consequently, maximum prevention and control will be achieved. This study aims at assessing the awareness, knowledge and willingness of the PCPs to care for COVID-19 patients in Calabar, Nigeria.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was used to evaluate one thousand one hundred and twenty-six (1126) PCPs actively working in government primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare facilities in Calabar, Nigeria. A total population sampling method was employed and a validated, semi-structured, 33-item questionnaire was used to explore the objectives of the study.
Results: Majority (99.4%) of the study participants were aware of COVID-19. Most (68.4%) information regarding COVID-19 came from the social media. Bonferroni Post Hoc test of multiple comparisons revealed that the knowledge score for PCPs in tertiary was significantly higher compared to those in secondary and primary levels of care. Approximately fifty-five percent (55.3%) of the participants did not want to be involved in the management of COVID -19 patients.
Conclusion: There is the need to focus and intensify training of the PCPs working at the primary and secondary levels of care in order to increase their awareness, knowledge base, willingness to care for patients and eventually reduce morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 in the study setting.
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13
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El Tantawi M, Folayan MO, Nguyen AL, Aly NM, Ezechi O, Uzochukwu BSC, Alaba OA, Brown B. Validation of a COVID-19 mental health and wellness survey questionnaire. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1509. [PMID: 35941580 PMCID: PMC9358641 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM COVID-19 affected mental health and wellbeing. Research is needed to assess its impact using validated tools. The study assessed the content validity, reliability and dimensionality of a multidimensional tool for assessing the mental health and wellbeing of adults. METHODS An online questionnaire collected data in the second half of 2020 from adults in different countries. The questionnaire included nine sections assessing: COVID-19 experience and sociodemographic profile; health and memory; pandemic stress (pandemic stress index, PSI); financial and lifestyle impact; social support; post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); coping strategies; self-care and HIV profile over 57 questions. Content validity was assessed (content validity index, CVI) and participants evaluated the test-retest reliability (Kappa statistic and intra-class correlation coefficient, ICC). Internal consistency of scales was assessed (Cronbach α). The dimensionality of the PSI sections and self-care strategies was assessed by multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) using all responses and SPSS. For qualitative validation, we used a semi-structured interview and NVivo was used for coding and thematic analysis. RESULTS The overall CVI = 0.83 with lower values for the memory items. Cronbach α for the memory items = 0.94 and ICC = 0.71. Cronbach α for PTSD items was 0.93 and ICC = 0.89. Test-retest scores varied by section. The 2-dimensions solution of MCA for the PSI behavior section explained 33.6% (precautionary measures dimension), 11.4% (response to impact dimension) and overall variance = 45%. The 2-dimensions of the PSI psychosocial impact explained 23.5% (psychosocial impact of the pandemic dimension), 8.3% (psychosocial impact of the precautionary measures of the pandemic dimension) and overall variance = 31.8%. The 2-dimensions of self-care explained 32.9% (dimension of self-care strategies by people who prefer to stay at home and avoid others), 9% (dimension of self-care strategies by outward-going people) and overall variance = 41.9%. Qualitative analysis showed that participants agreed that the multidimensional assessment assessed the effect of the pandemic and that it was better suited to the well-educated. CONCLUSION The questionnaire has good content validity and can be used to assess the impact of the pandemic in cross-sectional studies especially as individual items. The PSI and self-care strategies need revision to ensure the inclusion of items with strong discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha El Tantawi
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champolion St., Azarita, Alexandria, 21521 Egypt
| | - Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Annie Lu Nguyen
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Nourhan M. Aly
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champolion St., Azarita, Alexandria, 21521 Egypt
| | - Oliver Ezechi
- grid.416197.c0000 0001 0247 1197Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin S. C. Uzochukwu
- grid.10757.340000 0001 2108 8257Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatoyin Adedoyin Alaba
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Institute of Public Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.257427.10000000088740847Department of Employment and Labor Relations, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA USA
| | - Brandon Brown
- grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Center for Healthy Communities, Department of Social Medicine, Population and Public Health, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, USA
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14
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Mohsen S, El-Masry R, Ali OF, Abdel-Hady D. Quality of life during COVID-19 pandemic: a community-based study in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. Glob Health Res Policy 2022; 7:15. [PMID: 35585569 PMCID: PMC9117117 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-022-00246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The sudden transmission of the novel coronavirus along with instant measures taken in response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused many new challenges adversely disturbing quality of life (QoL). The objective of this study is to measure quality of life of the public during the COVID-19 pandemic and factors affecting it among adults.
Methods This is a community-based cross-sectional household study with analytic component conducted in an agricultural area in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt and included 500 individuals. Data were collected through a structured interview, and the collected data included socio-demographic characteristics as well as some data related to their habits and comorbidities, their experience with COVID-19 and data about QoL using the COV19-Impact on Quality of Life (COV19-QoL) scale Arabic version, after assessing Content validity and reliability. Results The total QoL score (mean ± standard deviation) is 2.3 ± 0.6 and the score for QoL in general and perception of danger on personal safety show the highest mean with 2.6 ± 0.7. The lowest mean score is related to the perception of mental health deterioration (1.9 ± 0.8). Independent predictors of the total QoL scale are sex (regression coefficient (95% CI) = 0.1 (0.02 to 0.2), p value = 0.02), monthly income (regression coefficient (95% CI) = 0.1 (0.004 to 0.2), p value = 0.04), knowing someone infected with COVID-19 (regression coefficient (95% CI) = 0.15 (0.08 to 0.3), p value = 0.001), and data collection time (regression coefficient (95% CI) = 0.1 (0.006 to 0.2), p value = 0.04). Conclusions COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the public quality of life, particularly in terms of general quality of life and personal safety. People with substantial predictors of lower quality of life should be given more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorouk Mohsen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Ragaa El-Masry
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Olfat Farag Ali
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Doaa Abdel-Hady
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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15
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Folayan MO, Ibigbami O, Brown B, El Tantawi M, Aly NM, Ezechi OC, Abeldaño GF, Ara E, Ayanore MA, Ellakany P, Gaffar B, Al-Khanati NM, Idigbe I, Jafer M, Khan ATA, Khalid Z, Lawal FB, Lusher J, Nzimande NP, Popoola BO, Quadri MFA, Roque M, Al-Tammemi AB, Yousaf MA, Virtanen JI, Zuñiga RAA, Ndembi N, Nkengasong JN, Nguyen AL. Factors Associated With Experiences of Fear, Anxiety, Depression, and Changes in Sleep Pattern During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Adults in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:779498. [PMID: 35309187 PMCID: PMC8924413 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.779498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple facets of the pandemic can be a source of fear, depression, anxiety and can cause changes in sleep patterns. The aim of this study was to identify health profiles and the COVID-19 pandemic related factors associated with fear, depression, anxiety and changes in sleep pattern in adults in Nigeria. Methods The data for this analysis was extracted from a cross-sectional online survey that collected information about mental health and well-ness from a convenience sample of adults 18 years and above resident in Nigeria from July to December 2020. Study participants were asked to complete an anonymous, closed-ended online questionnaire that solicited information on sociodemographic profile, health profiles (high, moderate and low COVID-19 infection risk profile) including HIV status, COVID-19 status, and self-reported experiences of fear, anxiety, depression and changes in sleep patterns. Results In total, 4,439 participants with mean age of 38.3 (±11.6) years responded to the survey. Factors associated with higher odds of having COVID-19 related fear were health risk (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 3.88; 95% CI: 3.22-4.69); having COVID-19 symptoms but not tested (AOR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.30-1.99); having a friend who tested positive to COVID-19 (AOR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.07-1.53) and knowing someone who died from COVID-19 (AOR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.24-1.65). The odds of feeling anxious was significantly higher for those with moderate or low health risk profile (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.32-2.04); had a friend who tested positive for COVID-19 (AOR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.08-1.68) or knew someone who died from COVID-19 (AOR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.28-1.84). The odds of feeling depressed was significantly higher for those with health risk profile (p < 0.05); living with HIV (AOR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.89-3.28); and respondents who had COVID-19 symptoms but had not taken a test (AOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.02-1.94). Factors associated with higher odds of having sleep pattern changes were having moderate and low health risk profiles (p < 0.05). Conclusion The study findings suggest that the pandemic may cause fear, anxiety, depression and changes in sleep patterns differently for people with different health profile, HIV status and COVID-19 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,*Correspondence: Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
| | | | - Brandon Brown
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Social Medicine, Population and Public Health, Riverside School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M. Aly
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Oliver C. Ezechi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Giuliana Florencia Abeldaño
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,School of Medicine, University of Sierra Sur, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Eshrat Ara
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Government College for Women, Srinagar, India
| | - Martin Amogre Ayanore
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Passent Ellakany
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuraldeen Maher Al-Khanati
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ifeoma Idigbe
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Jafer
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Saudi Arabia Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Jazan University, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Zumama Khalid
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Folake Barakat Lawal
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joanne Lusher
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Director of People and Member of the Provost's Group, Regent's University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ntombifuthi P. Nzimande
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Economic and Social Geography, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bamidele Olubukola Popoola
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Child Oral Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mir Faeq Ali Quadri
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Dental Public Health, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Roque
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Maternity and Childhood Nursing, College of Nursing, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ala'a B. Al-Tammemi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration (IOM), The UN Migration Agency, Amman, Jordan
| | - Muhammad Abrar Yousaf
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jorma I. Virtanen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Postgraduate Department, University of Sierra Sur, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Nicaise Ndembi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Africa Centres for Disese Control and Preventon, African Union Commission, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - John N. Nkengasong
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Africa Centres for Disese Control and Preventon, African Union Commission, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Annie Lu Nguyen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria,Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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16
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Do COVID-19 and Food Insecurity Influence Existing Inequalities between Women and Men in Africa? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042065. [PMID: 35206252 PMCID: PMC8871765 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This review sought to understand what is currently known about how the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and restrictive measures are affecting food security and equality between women and men in all of Africa. A review of both the academic and grey literature was performed by following PRISMA guidelines. Results showed that a general disparity exists in gender-inclusive/-sensitive research. Most reported increases in inequalities between women and men were predictive only. Evidence-based articles found were mainly conducted online and target tertiary educated populations, among which neutral effects were found. A general lack of disaggregated data (e.g., women vs. men) was found to be a barrier in gaining a complete understanding of the situation on-the-ground. Furthermore, documents reporting on food security seldom included all four pillars (i.e., availability, access, utility, stability) in their analysis despite the reciprocal connection between them all. Within household disparities and the impacts on power relationships within households were also overlooked. Future studies must focus on rural settings and gender disaggregated interview processes as well as consider all pillars of food security. Doing so will help to better inform governments and humanitarian groups leading to better designed policies and social supports that target where they are most needed.
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17
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COVID-19 Pandemic, Technological Progress and Food Security Based on a Dynamic CGE Model. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The global spread of COVID-19 has complicated the international equilibrium of grain production and trade. China now faces external shocks in the international grain market and deep-seated problems associated with the structure of domestic supply. We used a dynamic, computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to analyse the effects on China’s food security and macroeconomics under the COVID-19 scenario and four technological progress paths in the agricultural sector. We showed that the COVID-19 pandemic is disrupting China’s food security in the short term, and critical quantitative variables such as grain production and grain consumption per capita have declined. Considering food security and macroeconomic development, labour-saving technological progress outperformed neutral technological progress, land-saving technological progress, and capital-saving technological progress in the short run. While land-saving technological progress contributes the most to the arable land area per capita of wheat and other grains in the long run.
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18
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Folayan MO, Ibigbami O, ElTantawi M, Abeldaño GF, Ara E, Ayanore MA, Ellakany P, Gaffar B, Al-Khanati NM, Idigbe I, Ishabiyi AO, Jafer M, Khan ATA, Khalid Z, Lawal FB, Lusher J, Nzimande NP, Osamika BE, Popoola BO, Quadri MFA, Roque M, Shamala A, Al-Tammemi AB, Yousaf MA, Virtanen JI, Zuñiga RAA, Okeibunor JC, Nguyen AL. Factors associated with COVID-19 pandemic induced post-traumatic stress symptoms among adults living with and without HIV in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:48. [PMID: 35062920 PMCID: PMC8777174 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nigeria is a country with high risk for traumatic incidences, now aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to identify differences in COVID-19 related post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among people living and not living with HIV; to assess whether PTSS were associated with COVID-19 pandemic-related anger, loneliness, social isolation, and social support; and to determine the association between PTSS and use of COVID-19 prevention strategies. METHODS The data of the 3761 respondents for this analysis was extracted from a cross-sectional online survey that collected information about mental health and wellness from a convenience sample of adults, 18 years and above, in Nigeria from July to December 2020. Information was collected on the study's dependent variable (PTSS), independent variables (self-reported COVID-19, HIV status, use of COVID-19 prevention strategies, perception of social isolation, access to emotional support, feelings of anger and loneliness), and potential confounder (age, sex at birth, employment status). A binary logistic regression model tested the associations between independent and dependent variables. RESULTS Nearly half (47.5%) of the respondents had PTSS. People who had symptoms but were not tested (AOR = 2.20), felt socially isolated (AOR = 1.16), angry (AOR = 2.64), or lonely (AOR = 2.19) had significantly greater odds of reporting PTSS (p < 0.001). People living with HIV (AOR = 0.39), those who wore masks (AOR = 0.62) and those who had emotional support (AOR = 0.63), had lower odds of reporting PTSS (p < .05). CONCLUSION The present study identified some multifaceted relationships between post-traumatic stress, HIV status, facemask use, anger, loneliness, social isolation, and access to emotional support during this protracted COVID-19 pandemic. These findings have implications for the future health of those affected, particularly for individuals living in Nigeria. Public health education should be incorporated in programs targeting prevention and prompt diagnosis and treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. .,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 22005, Nigeria.
| | - Olanrewaju Ibigbami
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Maha ElTantawi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Giuliana Florencia Abeldaño
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,School of Medicine, University of Sierra Sur, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Eshrat Ara
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Government College for Women, Maulana Azad Road, Srinagar, J&K India
| | - Martin Amogre Ayanore
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.449729.50000 0004 7707 5975Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Passent Ellakany
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuraldeen Maher Al-Khanati
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.449576.d0000 0004 5895 8692Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ifeoma Idigbe
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.416197.c0000 0001 0247 1197Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Anthonia Omotola Ishabiyi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Jafer
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia ,grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Abeedah Tu-Allah Khan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XSchool of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zumama Khalid
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XSchool of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Folake Barakat Lawal
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joanne Lusher
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.449469.20000 0004 0516 1006Regent’s University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ntombifuthi P. Nzimande
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Department of Economic and Social Geography, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bamidele Emmanuel Osamika
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.259956.40000 0001 2195 6763Department of Psychology, Miami University Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Bamidele Olubukola Popoola
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Child Oral Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mir Faeq Ali Quadri
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Dental Public Health, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Roque
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.412892.40000 0004 1754 9358Department of Maternity & Childhood Nursing, College of Nursing, Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Shamala
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.444917.b0000 0001 2182 316XDepartment of Preventive and Biomedical Science, College of Dentistry, University of Science & Technology, Sanaa, Yemen
| | - Ala’a B. Al-Tammemi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.7122.60000 0001 1088 8582Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary ,grid.7122.60000 0001 1088 8582Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Muhammad Abrar Yousaf
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XInstitute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590 Pakistan
| | - Jorma I. Virtanen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,Postgraduate Department, University of Sierra Sur, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Joseph Chukwudi Okeibunor
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.463718.f0000 0004 0639 2906Research Development and Innovations, Assistant Regional Director Cluster, WHO Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Annie Lu Nguyen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Family Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
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19
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Psychological Wellbeing, Worry, and Resilience-Based Coping during COVID-19 in Relation to Sleep Quality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010050. [PMID: 35010309 PMCID: PMC8744958 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study evaluated the impact of psychological wellbeing on sleep quality during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. A novel empirical model tested variables that mediate and moderate this impact. First, a relationship was established between psychological wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic and sleep quality. Second, resilience-based coping associated with the COVID-19 pandemic was tested as a mediator of the impact of psychological wellbeing on sleep quality. Third, dispositional rumination, mindfulness, and worry were compared as moderators of the impact of psychological wellbeing on sleep quality. Fourth, a moderated mediated model was tested for each moderator. Online survey data was collected from 153 adults in the United States. Results demonstrated that coping with the COVID-19 pandemic partially mediated the impact of psychological wellbeing on sleep quality. Worry, but not rumination or mindfulness, moderated the impact. A moderated mediation model failed to demonstrate significance, indicating that the data are best represented by distinct mediation and moderation models. Thus, interventions aimed at improving sleep quality should prioritize concurrent reduction in worry and increase in resilience-based coping strategies. This study provides practical and theoretical contribution to the literature by demonstrating relationships between key variables and contextualizing how the model can be used for assessments and interventions during widespread crises.
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20
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Al-Tammemi AB, Barakat M, Al Tamimi D, Alhallaq SA, Al Hasan DM, Khasawneh GM, Naqera KA, Jaradat RM, Farah FW, Al-Maqableh HO, Abuawad A, Othman B, Tarhini Z, Odeh H, Khatatbeh M, Akour A, Aljaberi MA, Kolozsvári LR. Beliefs Toward Smoking and COVID-19, and the Pandemic Impact on Smoking Behavior and Quit Intention: Findings from a Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Jordan. Tob Use Insights 2021; 14:1179173X211053022. [PMID: 34866951 PMCID: PMC8637701 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x211053022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between smoking and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is still topical with mixed epidemiological evidence. However, the pandemic may affect people's beliefs toward smoking as well as their smoking behavior and quit intentions. Considering high smoking rates in Jordan, our current study aimed to assess the following domains in a community-based sample from Jordan: (i) the beliefs that surround smoking/vaping and COVID-19 and (ii) the pandemic impact on smoking behavior and quit intention. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jordan from March 9 to March 16, 2021, utilizing a web-based structured questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised 13 items on sociodemographic, health, and smoking profiles, 14 items to assess beliefs surrounding COVID-19 and the use of combustible cigarettes (CCs), waterpipe (WP), and electronic cigarettes (ECs), and 12 items to assess the pandemic impact on smoking behavior and quit intention. RESULTS Of 2424 survey respondents who participated in our study, there were 1163 never-smokers, 1044 current smokers, and 217 ex-smokers. The mean age of participants was 35.2 years (SD: 11.06). Most participants have reported anti-smoking beliefs with around 72.9% believed that WP smoking is related to the risk of contracting COVID-19. Also, 71.7% believed that smoking CC may worsen the COVID-19 clinical course, while 74.1% of respondents believed that smoking has no protective effect against COVID-19. During the pandemic, about 28.1% and 19.3% of current smokers reported increased or reduced smoking, respectively. Besides, 459 current smokers have expressed their plans/intention to quit smoking during the pandemic, of whom 27.5% (n = 126) confirmed that the driving force for their decision is a COVID-19-related reason, such as self-protection (n = 123) and protection of family members (n = 121) which were the most cited reasons. Also, around 63 participants have successfully ceased smoking during the pandemic. However, only 22 of them reported that the main driving motivation of their successful quit attempt was the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION Most participants' beliefs and attitudes were against smoking during the pandemic. Nevertheless, the double-edged effect of the pandemic on smoking habits should be carefully considered, and reliable anti-smoking measures should be strengthened and sustained in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala'a B Al-Tammemi
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Muna Barakat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dua'a Al Tamimi
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Princess Muna College of Nursing, Mutah University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sami A Alhallaq
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, King Hussein Medical City, Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dima M Al Hasan
- Department of Dental Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ghena M Khasawneh
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khalil Abu Naqera
- Department of Health, The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), Jordan Field Office, Amman, Jordan
| | - Raghad M Jaradat
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Medical City, Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fadi W Farah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Basheer Hospital, Jordanian Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hindya O Al-Maqableh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Alaa Abuawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Bayan Othman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Zeinab Tarhini
- CAPTuR Laboratory, Control of Cell Activation in Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Resistance, Limoges, France
- Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - Hamza Odeh
- International Medical Corps (IMC), Amman, Jordan
| | - Moawiah Khatatbeh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Amal Akour
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Musheer A Aljaberi
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - László Róbert Kolozsvári
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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21
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Akour A, AlMuhaissen SA, Nusair MB, Al-Tammemi AB, Mahmoud NN, Jalouqa S, Alrawashdeh MN. The untold story of the COVID-19 pandemic: perceptions and views towards social stigma and bullying in the shadow of COVID-19 illness in Jordan. SN SOCIAL SCIENCES 2021; 1:240. [PMID: 34693341 PMCID: PMC8475478 DOI: 10.1007/s43545-021-00252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Stigmatization towards COVID-19 patients can lead to negative outcomes like social exclusion and bullying, and it may hinder the willingness of people to undergo testing. This study aimed to measure and explore the perception of stigmatization and bullying towards COVID-19 patients in Jordan. This was a web-based cross-sectional survey. Participants were recruited from social media platforms employing a snowball convenience sampling. The perception of bullying, beliefs regarding social consequences of infection, views on measures towards violators of patients' privacy, and how to reduce the stigma were assessed by self-reported measures. 397 participants returned completed questionnaires. The majority of respondents believed that COVID-19 patients in Jordan are getting bullied (n = 255, 64.3%) and over 80% believed that people enjoy sharing identities, or news about COVID-19 patients. Although most respondents had adequate knowledge regarding transmission/prevention of COVID-19, they believed that all or some of the COVID-19 patients practiced something wrong to get infected (n = 358, 90.2%). Moreover, 86.9% of respondents reported that people in Jordan were crossing their lines with bullying behaviors towards COVID-19 patients. However, these negative views would not discourage most respondents to get tested and follow the government's instructions if they or any of their acquaintances were suspected to be infected. Our study sheds the light on a high degree of stigma and bullying of COVID-19 patients during the early stage of the pandemic in Jordan. Hence, there is a need to develop and implement effective anti-stigma/anti-bullying campaigns that refute the misperception, raise public knowledge about COVID-19, and spread encouraging messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Akour
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942 Jordan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 11942 Jordan
| | - Suha A. AlMuhaissen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad B. Nusair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ala’a B. Al-Tammemi
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nouf N. Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 11942 Jordan
| | - Sarah Jalouqa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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22
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Khatatbeh M, Alhalaiqa F, Khasawneh A, Al-Tammemi AB, Khatatbeh H, Alhassoun S, Al Omari O. The Experiences of Nurses and Physicians Caring for COVID-19 Patients: Findings from an Exploratory Phenomenological Study in a High Case-Load Country. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9002. [PMID: 34501587 PMCID: PMC8431539 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Various changes have affected health services delivery in response to the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic, and this may exhibit unprecedented effects on healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to explore the lived experience of physicians and nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in Jordan. An interpretative phenomenology approach was used, and sampling was purposively performed. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews using an online meeting platform (Zoom®). Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed. The data were obtained from 26 physicians and nurses caring for patients with COVID-19. The mean age of the participants was 29.41 years (SD = 2.72). Six main themes and 17 subthemes were identified: (i) emotional reactions; (ii) preparation; (iii) source of support; (iv) extreme workload; (v) occupational challenges, and (vi) work-related concerns. The results showed that nurses and physicians caring for COVID-19 patients in Jordan were experiencing mental and emotional distress and were practicing under inadequate work conditions. This distress could be multifactorial with personal, organizational, or cultural origins. Our findings may guide policymakers to consider the potential factors that significantly affect working environment in healthcare settings, the physical and mental wellbeing of HCWs, and the required professional training that can help in enhancing resilience and coping strategies amidst crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moawiah Khatatbeh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Fadwa Alhalaiqa
- Faculty of Nursing, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan;
| | - Aws Khasawneh
- Department of Neurosciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (A.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Ala’a B. Al-Tammemi
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Haitham Khatatbeh
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Sameera Alhassoun
- Department of Neurosciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (A.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Omar Al Omari
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Muscat 123, Oman;
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