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Sum Z, Sofija E, Sebar B. Exploring COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among young adults in Australia. A qualitative study. Vaccine X 2024; 19:100515. [PMID: 39040885 PMCID: PMC11260859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among young adults in Australia is still poorly understood. Young adults aged 25-34 years have been identified as a population subgroup where COVID-19 vaccine-hesitant views are highly prevalent. Objective Exploring the attitudes, thoughts, feelings and social environments affecting the decision to have or not have the vaccine can provide vital transferrable lessons in future health campaigns. Methods A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted using semi-structured phone interviews between June 2021 and July 2021. Interview questions were adopted from the World Health Organization's guidance document 'Data for Action: Achieving High Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccines'. Participants aged 25-34 years (n = 26) were recruited via purposive and snowball sampling methods. Data were analysed thematically. Results Overall, participants presented themselves as highly vaccine literate, understanding their social contract with society. Many participants also did not display traditional vaccine-hesitant views. Six themes specifically regarding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy were identified, namely (1) decision-making complexities, (2) perceived risk of COVID-19 infection, (3) media's misrepresentation of COVID-19, (4) vaccine-related issues, (5) inconsistent government messaging and program execution, and (6) social benefits assessment. In addition, motivators to COVID-19 vaccine uptake were classified into three categories: (1) tangible benefits, (2) protecting others, and (3) mandates and incentives. Findings suggest the motivators for COVID-19 vaccine uptake in young adults depend on individual benefits, highlighting the importance of recognising and addressing personal concerns. Conclusion There is a need to re-examine and redefine the meaning of vaccine hesitancy in young Australian adults. We offer an understanding of prospective challenges with vaccine hesitancy and potential solutions to address them. These include carefully tailored approaches regarding ongoing vaccine safety concerns and the expected personal benefits following vaccination. Combining these factors can aid in developing new methods of public engagement in the next public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Sum
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, 1 Parklands Dr, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Ernesta Sofija
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, 1 Parklands Dr, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Bernadette Sebar
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, 1 Parklands Dr, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
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2
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Silva HM. Risks of scientific misinformation through press and pre-print articles. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:1681-1682. [PMID: 37980308 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heslley Machado Silva
- Education and Science Department, University Center of Formiga (UNIFOR/MG), Formiga, Brazil.
- State University of Minas Gerais (UEMG), Av. São Paulo Rod MG 040 URB), 3996 - Vila Rosário, Ibirité city, 32412-190, Brazil.
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Kuter BJ, Brien K, Anderson S, Bass SB, Gutierrez L, Winters S, Eichenlaub B, Whitfield C, Faig W. COVID-19 vaccine perspectives and uptake among university students three years into the pandemic. Vaccine 2024; 42:1745-1756. [PMID: 38365478 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students have been uniquely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic for the past three years (2020-2023). Understanding their COVID-19 perspectives, beliefs, and vaccine uptake may help to improve future vaccine initiatives and education. METHODS A cross sectional, confidential, online survey was conducted at four universities in Pennsylvania in spring 2023 to assess undergraduate, graduate, and professional students' perspectives regarding their knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines, importance of COVID-19 vaccines and mandates, number of doses of COVID-19 vaccine received including the recent BA.4/BA.5 bivalent booster, where they were vaccinated, receipt of influenza vaccine, and sources of information used to make decisions about COVID-19 vaccine. RESULTS Vaccination for COVID-19 was considered important by 75 % of 2223 students surveyed; 68 % agreed with mandating COVID-19 vaccine. Over 89 % were fully COVID-19 vaccinated (≥2 doses), 65 % were up-to-date (≥3 doses), but only 35 % had received the BA.4/BA.5 booster. Students who considered COVID-19 vaccine important were generally older, female, and non-business majors. Higher rates of up-to-date COVID-19 vaccination were found in those who received influenza vaccine in 2022-2023, females, Asians, doctoral or professional students, those attending larger universities, non-US residents, and those interested in learning more about COVID-19 vaccines. Most trusted sources of information on COVID-19 vaccines were the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, healthcare providers, and parents; the least trusted sources were social media, television, and the internet. CONCLUSIONS The majority of university students agreed that COVID-19 vaccination is important and supported COVID-19 mandates. While the rate of fully vaccinated and up-to-date students was similar to the US adult population, the latter rate needs improvement. Receipt of the BA.4/BA.5 booster was particularly low. Further education is needed to improve vaccine knowledge, especially as we move to periodic boosters. Business majors, males, and younger students may benefit from increased on-campus vaccine education initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Kuter
- Vaccine Education Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kate Brien
- Vaccine Education Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Susannah Anderson
- Temple University, College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sarah Bauerle Bass
- Temple University, College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Walter Faig
- Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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4
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Jiao L, Wachinger J, Dasch S, Bärnighausen T, McMahon SA, Chen S. Calculation, knowledge, and identity: Dimensions of trust when making COVID-19 vaccination choices in China. SSM. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN HEALTH 2023; 4:100288. [PMID: 37334196 PMCID: PMC10232919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy threatens the response to the COVID-19 pandemic and to other infectious disease outbreaks globally. Fostering trust has been highlighted as a critical factor in addressing vaccine hesitancy and expanding vaccine coverage, but qualitative exploration of trust in the context of vaccination remains limited. We contribute to filling this gap by providing a comprehensive qualitative analysis of trust in the context of COVID-19 vaccination in China. We conducted 40 in-depth interviews with Chinese adults in December 2020. During data collection, trust emerged as a highly salient topic. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated into English, and analyzed with a combination of inductive and deductive coding. Following established trust literature, we differentiate between three types of trust - calculation-based trust, knowledge-based trust, and identity-based trust - which we grouped across components of the health system, as informed by the WHO's building blocks. Our results highlight how participants attributed their level of trust in COVID-19 vaccines to their trust in the medical technology itself (based on assessing risks and benefits or previous vaccination experiences), the service delivery and health workforce (informed by past experiences with health providers and their role throughout the pandemic), and leadership and governance (drawing on notions of government performance and patriotism). Reducing negative impact from past vaccine controversies, increasing the credibility of pharmaceutical companies, and fostering clear communication are identified as important channels for facilitating trust. Our findings emphasize a strong need for comprehensive information on COVID-19 vaccines and increased promotion of vaccination by credible figures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirui Jiao
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
| | - Jonas Wachinger
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Selina Dasch
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Till Bärnighausen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Massachusetts, USA
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shannon A McMahon
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- International Health Department, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Simiao Chen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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5
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Roy A. Determinants of Covid-19 vaccination: Evidence from the US pulse survey. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001927. [PMID: 37200233 PMCID: PMC10194978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Covid-19 disease is resurging across the United States and vaccine hesitancy remains a major obstacle to reaching the expected threshold for herd immunity. Using the nationally representative cross sectional Household Pulse Survey (HPS) Data published by the U.S. Census Bureau, this study identified demographic, socio-economic, and medical-psychological determinants of Covid-19 vaccination. Results revealed significant differences in Covid-19 vaccine uptake due to age, sex, sexual orientation, race or ethnicity, marital status, education, income, employment form, housing and living condition, physical illness, mental illness, Covid-19 illness, distrust of vaccines and beliefs about the efficacy of vaccines. Government policymakers need to be cognizant of these determinants of vaccine hesitancy when formulating policies to increase vaccine uptake and control the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this study suggest that segmented solutions to reach vulnerable groups like racial minorities and homeless people are needed to win the trust and optimize vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Roy
- Department of Economics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Department of Economics, The New School for Social Research, New York, New York, United States of America
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McElfish PA, Liston R, Smith V, Norris AK, Weaver J, Dickson SM, Macechko MD, Brimberry RK, Lemdja MR, Middleton TL, Nix MW, Irish-Clardy KA, Meredith-Neve SM, Kennedy JL, James LP. Rural Research Network to engage rural and minority community members in translational research. J Clin Transl Res 2023; 9:115-122. [PMID: 37179792 PMCID: PMC10171320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To address the high prevalence of health disparities and lack of research opportunities among rural and minority communities, the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) developed the Rural Research Network in January 2020. Aim The aim of this report is to describe our process and progress in developing a rural research network. The Rural Research Network provides a platform to expand research participation opportunities to rural Arkansans, many of whom are older adults, low-income individuals, and underrepresented minority populations. Methods The Rural Research Network leverages existing UAMS Regional Programs family medicine residency clinics within an academic medical center. Results Since the inception of the Rural Research Network, research infrastructure and processes have been built within the regional sites. Twelve diverse studies have been implemented with recruitment and data collection from 9248 participants, and 32 manuscripts have been published with residents and faculty from the regional sites. Most studies were able to recruit Black/African American participants at or above a representative sample. Conclusions As the Rural Research Network matures, the types of research will expand in parallel with the health priorities of Arkansas. Relevance to Patients The Rural Research Network demonstrates how Cancer Institutes and sites funded by a Clinical and Translational Science Award can collaborate to expand research capacity and increase opportunities for research among rural and minority communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl A. McElfish
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Springdale, AR, United States of America
- Corresponding author: Pearl A. McElfish University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 2708 S. 48 St, Springdale, AR 72762, United States of America. Phone: +1 479 713 8680
| | - Robin Liston
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Veronica Smith
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Amber K. Norris
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences East, Helena-West Helena, AR, United States of America
| | - Jordan Weaver
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences North Central, Batesville, AR, United States of America
| | - Scott M. Dickson
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northeast, Jonesboro, AR, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Macechko
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
| | - Ronald K. Brimberry
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
| | - Mimo R. Lemdja
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences South, Magnolia, AR, United States of America
| | - Toni L. Middleton
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences South Central, Pine Bluff, AR, United States of America
| | - Matthew W. Nix
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Southwest, Texarkana, AR, United States of America
| | | | | | - Joshua L. Kennedy
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Laura P. James
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
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7
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Piper BJ, Sanchez BV, Madera JD, Sulzinski MA. Profiles of US Hispanics Unvaccinated for COVID-19. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:553-559. [PMID: 35107819 PMCID: PMC8809210 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted Hispanics in the USA with increased rates of SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths. The objective of this report was to characterize the demographics and beliefs of unvaccinated Hispanics to help address their concerns that lead to vaccine hesitancy. METHODS Of 1,011 potential participants from a national online panel, 22.3% (N = 225, 51.6% female, age = 40.5) met inclusion criteria of Hispanic adults and not receiving at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The 30-item survey included items about demographics, political affiliations, sources of news (e.g., Fox vs. CNN), reasons for being unvaccinated, and ratings (0 = strongly disagree, 100 = strongly agree) of 10 controversial statements regarding COVID-19. RESULTS Over three-fifths (62.6%) identified side effects and safety concerns, while almost one-third (30.5%) cited a lack of efficacy as their top reasons for being unvaccinated. Agreement to "The developers of the COVID-19 vaccine rushed the development and cut corners" was rated the highest (63.22) which was significantly (p < .001) higher than the other nine statements (e.g., "The COVID-19 vaccine does not work"). Many vaccine attitudes differed significantly by political party affiliation and some by gender and news source. Republicans (59.9 ± 4.2) scored higher than Democrats (38.5 ± 4.2, p ≤ .001) to "If I've already had COVID-19, I don't need the vaccine." CONCLUSIONS This study identified the heterogeneity in COVID-19 vaccine attitudes among Hispanics. Further research is needed to determine if the subgroups identified are differentially receptive to interventions to facilitate reconsideration of prior vaccination decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Piper
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, USA.
- Center for Pharmacy Innovation and Outcomes, Forty Fort, PA, USA.
| | - Bianca V Sanchez
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - Joshua D Madera
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - Michael A Sulzinski
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, USA
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8
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McElfish PA, Selig JP, Scott AJ, Rowland B, Willis DE, Reece S, CarlLee S, Macechko MD, Shah SK. Associations Between General Vaccine Hesitancy and Healthcare Access Among Arkansans. J Gen Intern Med 2023; 38:841-847. [PMID: 36323819 PMCID: PMC9629763 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-022-07859-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccines provide protection against numerous diseases that can cause serious illness and death. However, vaccine hesitancy threatens to undermine progress in reducing preventable diseases and illness. Vaccine hesitancy has been shown to vary by sociodemographic characteristics. However, studies examining associations between healthcare access and vaccine hesitancy are lacking. OBJECTIVE Using a statewide random sample of Arkansas adults, we examined the relationship between general vaccine hesitancy and healthcare access. DESIGN From July 12 to 30, 2021, participants were contacted by landlines and cellular phones using random digit dialing. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1500 Arkansas adults were surveyed. Black/African American and Hispanic/Latinx adults were oversampled to ensure adequate representation. The survey had a cooperation rate of 20%. MAIN MEASURES The dependent variable was an ordinal measure of general vaccine hesitancy. Age, gender, race, education, relationship status, and rural/urban residence were included in the model. Healthcare access was measured across four domains: (1) health insurance coverage; (2) having a primary care provider (PCP); (3) forgoing care due to cost; and (4) time since last routine checkup. The relationship between general vaccine hesitancy and healthcare access was modeled using ordinal logistic regression, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. KEY RESULTS Mean age was 48.5 years, 51.1% were women, 28% reported a race other than White, and 36.3% held a bachelor's degree or higher. Those with a PCP and those with health insurance had approximately two-thirds the odds of being more hesitant ([OR=0.63, CI=0.47, 0.84] and [OR=0.68; CI=0.49, 0.94]) than those without a PCP and those without health insurance. Participants reporting a routine checkup in the last 2 years were almost half as likely to be more hesitant than those reporting a checkup more than 2 years prior (OR=0.58; CI=0.43, 0.79). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest improving access to health insurance, PCPs, and routine preventative care services may be critical to reducing vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl A McElfish
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| | - James P Selig
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Aaron J Scott
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Brett Rowland
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Don E Willis
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Sharon Reece
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Sheena CarlLee
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Michael D Macechko
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Sumit K Shah
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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9
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The discovery and subsequent manufacture of various types of COVID-19 vaccines were considered a breakthrough in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Initially, limited supplies of COVID-19 vaccines warranted vulnerable populations such as people living with chronic non-communicable diseases and the elderly to be prioritised for vaccination. Nevertheless, the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccines among these populations was suboptimal. In this study, we aimed to describe the drivers of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among people living with chronic non-communicable diseases in Ibadan, Nigeria. METHOD We applied qualitative methods to explore the feelings and thoughts of people living with chronic non-communicable diseases towards COVID-19 vaccines, at a tertiary hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were obtained from 25 people living with chronic conditions through in-depth interviews. We thematically analysed the transcripts inductively and deductively. Dedoose qualitative data management software was used to manage the data. FINDINGS Emerging subthemes were grouped into two major themes: Hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine related to biological concerns and those related to sociopolitical issues. Hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine associated with biological factors included: (1) concerns over the COVID-19 vaccine worsening the underlying chronic condition; (2) fear of harmful physiological consequences; (3) concerns over insufficient testing of vaccine for safety and (4) perceived vaccine infectiveness. Sociopolitical factors were related to (1) misconceptions of vaccines as a treatment for those with COVID-19; (2) mistrust of manufacturers ('the whites'); (3) mistrust of government and (4) COVID-19 misinformation. CONCLUSION Public health education on the nature and benefits of the COVID-19 vaccine is urgently needed among people living with chronic non-communicable diseases. These measures could improve COVID-19 vaccine uptake and healthcare usage in general. Paying attention to these factors could have implications for the management of the next global pandemic requiring mass vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Y Ojewale
- Department of Nursing, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Ferdinand C Mukumbang
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington Seattle Campus, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Huang J, Jiang Z, Gu J, Yang Y, Yan Y, Gu X, Bai Y, Liang Y. An exploration on COVID-19 vaccination motivation patterns from the perspective of the Chaxu culture in metropolis of China: A multi-center study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1065043. [PMID: 36620258 PMCID: PMC9815457 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1065043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Chaxugeju is a very special Chinese culture following a self-centered and outward expanding social network, which might be a significant culture factor for vaccination behavior. This study aimed to identify the motivation pattern in China, and paid special focus on socio-economic status (SES), region, and migration. Methods We used a latent class analysis, with a sample of 12,432 participants collected in China from April to June, to identify the COVID-19 vaccination motivation patterns. Multinomial logistic regression models were utilized to separately explore associations between SES, migration, region, and COVID-19 vaccination motivation patterns. Results Three COVID-19 vaccination motivation patterns were identified: Self-protection (41.9%), Trust and Self-protection (38.5%), and Trust and Differential Protection (19.6%). Participants with higher income were more likely to be Trust and Self-protection, and when income is more than 50,000 CNY per month, they are more likely to be self-protection. Professional/white collar were more likely to be Self-protection. Participants from Shenzhen were more likely to be Trust and Differential protection. The moderating effects of gender were found for income and region. Gender does not moderate the associations of occupation or migration and COVID-19 vaccination motivation patterns. Conclusion Three motivational patterns were identified in which the Trust & Differential Pattern followed the traditional self-family-community Chaxu circle. However, the Chaxu motivation pattern was not the dominant one which might be weakened by SES. Migration and Shenzhen preserved the traditional social network, keeping in the trust and differential pattern. All of these factors in various cultural contexts should be considered when promoting vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoling Huang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Jiang
- Pudong Institute for Health Development, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of General Practition, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhongshan Hospital International Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yuge Yan
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gu
- Xidu Community Health Service Center of Fengxian District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yundan Bai
- Health Management Medical Center, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Liang
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Moore R, Purvis RS, Willis DE, Worley KC, Hervey D, Reece S, Yeates A, McElfish PA. The vaccine hesitancy continuum among hesitant adopters of the COVID-19 vaccine. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:2844-2857. [PMID: 36330587 PMCID: PMC9747130 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is a strategy for mitigating the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at both the individual and population levels. Vaccine hesitancy is identified as a significant threat to global health by the World Health Organization (WHO). Vaccine hesitancy has been theorized as a continuum encompassing a range of attitudes, beliefs, emotional orientations, ideologies, and health-seeking behaviors. Individuals who received the COVID-19 vaccine but also indicated some level of hesitancy about vaccination, or "hesitant adopters," remain an understudied group. This study uses a qualitative descriptive design to understand motivations to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among hesitant adopters at various self-reported levels of hesitancy. We conducted interviews with hesitant adopters (n = 49) to analyze the elements of vaccine hesitancy corresponding to reported levels of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (i.e., "little hesitant," "somewhat hesitant," and "very hesitant"). Concerns about side effects are shared across the continuum but are articulated differently at each level of hesitancy. The "little hesitant" relate fears of side effects to their health and a lack of clear information to inform their health decision making, whereas the "very hesitant" articulate the risks of side effects within the frame of conspiracies related to the development, approval, and economics of the COVID-19 vaccine. Additionally, conspiracy theories generally increase in salience across the continuum, with the "very hesitant" reporting conspiracy theories as the most salient element of vaccine hesitancy. This research presents opportunities for developing targeted interventions for different levels of vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramey Moore
- College of MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences NorthwestFayettevilleArkansasUSA
| | - Rachel S. Purvis
- College of MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences NorthwestFayettevilleArkansasUSA
| | - Don E. Willis
- College of MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences NorthwestFayettevilleArkansasUSA
| | | | | | - Sharon Reece
- College of MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences NorthwestFayettevilleArkansasUSA
| | - Aimee Yeates
- College of MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences NorthwestFayettevilleArkansasUSA
| | - Pearl A. McElfish
- College of MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences NorthwestFayettevilleArkansasUSA
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12
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Gao X, Ding F, Ai T. What Drives Elderly People in China Away from COVID-19 Information? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159509. [PMID: 35954864 PMCID: PMC9368132 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: A worrying phenomenon has emerged in recent years: a growing number of people have stopped seeking coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) information and have started deliberately avoiding it. Even though the virulence of COVID-19 has now weakened, the proportion of severe illnesses and deaths in elderly people is still much higher than in other age groups. However, no study has focused on this topic. This is the first study to explore the level of COVID-19 information avoidance among elderly people, and to identify the barriers and potential factors associated therewith. Methods: Convenience sampling was used to recruit 907 elderly people in Wuhan, China. Data collection measures included a sociodemographic questionnaire, health information avoidance scale, information overload scale, general self-efficacy scale, and health anxiety inventory. Results: A total of 72.3% of elderly participants reported COVID-19 information avoidance. Regarding COVID-19-related information reading habits, 44.5% of the elderly only read the title, 16.0% merely skimmed through the content, and 22.9% skipped all relevant information. The most common reasons for this result were information overload (67.5%), underestimation of the infection risk (58.1%), and uselessness of information (56.4%). The main factors associated with COVID-19 information avoidance were recorded as information overload, age, health anxiety, and children (p < 0.05). Conclusions: China should strengthen its health communication regarding COVID-19 in accordance with the characteristics of elderly people, adopt more attractive publicity methods on traditional media, improve censorship about health information, and pay more attention to the childless elderly and the elderly aged 80 and above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Gao
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China;
| | - Feng Ding
- Library and Information Science, School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Ting Ai
- Psychological Counseling Center, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China;
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Geers AL, Clemens KS, Colagiuri B, Jason E, Colloca L, Webster R, Vase L, Seig M, Faasse K. Do Side Effects to the Primary COVID-19 Vaccine Reduce Intentions for a COVID-19 Vaccine Booster? Ann Behav Med 2022; 56:761-768. [PMID: 35640203 PMCID: PMC9275396 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccines are being administered worldwide to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine
boosters are essential for maintaining immunity and protecting against virus variants.
The side effects of the primary COVID-19 vaccine (e.g., headache, nausea), however,
could reduce intentions to repeat the vaccination experience, thereby hindering global
inoculation efforts. Purpose The aim of this research was to test whether side effects of a primary COVID-19 vaccine
relate to reduced intentions to receive a COVID-19 booster. The secondary aim was to
test whether psychological and demographic factors predict booster intentions. Methods Secondary data analyses were conducted on a U.S. national sample of 551 individuals
recruited through the online platform Prolific. Key measures in the dataset were side
effects reported from a primary COVID-19 vaccination and subsequent intentions to
receive a booster vaccine. Psychological and demographic variables that predicted
primary vaccination intentions in prior studies were also measured. Results Booster intentions were high. COVID-19 booster vaccine intentions were uncorrelated
with the number of side effects, intensity of side effects, or occurrence of an intense
side effect from the primary COVID-19 vaccine. Correlational and regression analyses
indicated intentions for a booster vaccination increased with positive vaccination
attitudes, trust in vaccine development, worry about the COVID-19 pandemic, low concern
over vaccine side effects, and democratic political party affiliation. Conclusions Side effects of a primary COVID-19 vaccine were not directly associated with lower
intentions to receive a booster of the COVID-19 vaccine early in the pandemic. However,
many variables that predict primary vaccination intentions also predict booster
intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Geers
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Kelly S Clemens
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ben Colagiuri
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emily Jason
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Luana Colloca
- Departments of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca Webster
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lene Vase
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Seig
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kate Faasse
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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14
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Alrabadi N, Bany-Melhem S, Alzoubi KH, Alzoubi OO, Masadeh M, Abuhammad S, Harun SN. COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy: A Review of the Literature and Recommendations. Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol 2022; 19:CRCEP-EPUB-123426. [PMID: 35549859 DOI: 10.2174/2772432817666220512112913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines are important to improve immunity against pathogens and diseases. The current COVID-19 disease is rapidly evolving and spreading among people; therefore, it is important to utilize a proper vaccination strategy against it. Currently, many approved vaccines are available and accessible; however, there is a reported hesitancy against taking them among the public and even the health care workers. Mainly, this is attributed to the fear of the possible side effects and complications. Moreover, inaccurate knowledge disseminated through the media/social media especially by those who lack proper expertise adds confusion and more fear that affects the vaccination decision. For such reasons, it is essential to find strategies to increase the acceptability of vaccines and to enhance confidence in the vaccination process. This should be accompanied by sufficient efforts and proper clinical studies to confirm the value and the safety of the vaccines. Those strategies are important to avoid the further spread of the COVID-19 disease and to abort the pandemic worldwide, especially when considering the likely approach towards a COVID-19 booster vaccination program, in which booster vaccines are re-taken along intervals to adequately contain the rapidly evolving nature of the virus. This review article highlights the factors influencing the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccination and enrollment in clinical trials among the public and some specific populations. Furthermore, it summarizes the suggested strategies and recommendations that can improve the attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasr Alrabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, 22110
| | - Shouq Bany-Melhem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, 22110
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Deparment of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, 22110
| | - Osama O Alzoubi
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Majd Masadeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, 22110
| | - Sawsan Abuhammad
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, 22110
| | - Sabariah Noor Harun
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
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15
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Safford TG, Whitmore EH, Hamilton LC. Scientists, presidents, and pandemics-comparing the science-politics nexus during the Zika virus and COVID-19 outbreaks. SOCIAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY 2021; 102:2482-2498. [PMID: 34908603 PMCID: PMC8661934 DOI: 10.1111/ssqu.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective We investigate how beliefs about scientists and presidents affect views about two pandemics, Zika virus (2016) and COVID-19 (2020). Methods Three New Hampshire surveys in 2016 and 2020 provide data to test how beliefs about scientists' practices and presidential approval relate to pandemic views. Results Support for presidents consistently predicts perceptions of scientists' integrity and trust in science agencies for information, but the directionality changes from 2016 to 2020-increased trust among Obama-supporters; decreased trust among Trump-supporters. Respondents who believe scientists lack objectivity are also less likely to trust science agencies during both Zika and COVID-19 and are less apt to be confident in the government's response in 2016. Assessments of pandemic responses become increasingly political during 2020; most notably, support for President Trump strongly predicts confidence in the government's efforts. Conclusion Results highlight how beliefs about scientists' practices and presidents are central to the science-politics nexus during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Safford
- Department of SociologyUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNew HampshireUSA
| | - Emily H. Whitmore
- Department of SociologyUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNew HampshireUSA
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