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Tullius JM, Geboers B, Stewart RE, Wei Y, Reijneveld SA, de Winter AF. Psychometric properties of the Knowledge and Attitudes to Mental Health Scales in a Dutch sample (KAMHS-NL): A comprehensive mental health literacy measure in adolescents. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1995. [PMID: 39061017 PMCID: PMC11282802 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health literacy (MHL) is crucial for early recognition of and coping with mental health problems, and for the use and acceptance of mental health services, leading to better health outcomes, especially in adolescence. The prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents is seen as a major public health concern and MHL is an important factor in facilitating positive mental health outcomes. However, the availability of valid measurement instruments for assessing the multifaceted nature of MHL is limited, hindering the ability to make meaningful comparisons across studies. The Knowledge and Attitudes to Mental Health Scales (KAMHS) is a promising comprehensive instrument for measuring adolescents' mental health literacy but its psychometric properties have not been explored in any other contexts than the Welsh. The aim of this study was to translate the KAMHS into Dutch, adapt it in this context, and evaluate its psychometric properties. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study with Dutch adolescents between the ages 11-16. We translated the KAHMS and assessed its content validity using cognitive interviewing with n = 16 adolescents. Next, n = 406 adolescents were asked to fill in the translated KAMHS-NL and reference scales, on mental health (SDQ and WHO-5), resilience (BRS), and mental health help-seeking behaviors. We assessed construct validity based on a priori hypotheses regarding convergent and divergent correlations between subscales of KAMHS-NL and the reference scales. Finally, we assessed structural validity via confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling. RESULTS The KAMHS-NL showed good content validity and satisfactory construct validity. In total, 28 of the 48 hypotheses regarding convergent and divergent correlations between the KAMHS and reference scales were confirmed. Contrary to our expectations, weak, but significant associations were found between MHL and resilience. The KAMHS showed an acceptable to good internal consistency (McDonald's omega ranging from 0.62 to 0.84). Finally, we could generally confirm the postulated structure of the KAMHS-NL in the Dutch sample with a 5-factor solution (RMSEA = 0.033; CFI = 0.96). CONCLUSIONS The Dutch version of the KAMHS is a valid measure for detecting differences in MHL levels in adolescents. The KAMHS is a promising instrument for assessing MHL in adolescents in a multifaceted manner in other countries which may facilitate rigorous global MHL research. The instrument therefore deserves further validation research in other settings and comparisons across various cultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne M Tullius
- Division of Community & Occupational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 196, Groningen, 9700 AD, The Netherlands.
| | - Bas Geboers
- Division of Community & Occupational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 196, Groningen, 9700 AD, The Netherlands
| | - Roy E Stewart
- Division of Community & Occupational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 196, Groningen, 9700 AD, The Netherlands
| | - Yifeng Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sijmen A Reijneveld
- Division of Community & Occupational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 196, Groningen, 9700 AD, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea F de Winter
- Division of Community & Occupational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 196, Groningen, 9700 AD, The Netherlands
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Cabrera OA, Trachik BJ, Ganulin ML, Dretsch MN, Adler AB. Longitudinal measurement invariance and growth curve modeling of psychological resilience across the deployment cycle. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 36:393-402. [PMID: 38913767 PMCID: PMC11197912 DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2023.2188846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The concept of resilience is embedded within military culture and professional identity. To date, temporal changes in individuals' perceptions of their own resilience have not been systematically assessed in highstakes occupational contexts, like the military. The current study examined change in selfreported resilience over time by: (1) examining the longitudinal measurement invariance of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS); (2) assessing the longitudinal pattern of resilience across a combat deployment cycle; and (3) examining predictors of postdeployment resilience and change in resilience scores across time. U.S. Army soldiers assigned to a combat brigade completed a survey at four time points over the course of a deployment cycle: (a) prior to deployment to Afghanistan; (b) during deployment; (c) immediately following return to home station; and (d) approximately 2-3 months thereafter. The longitudinal measurement invariance of the BRS was established. Growth curve modeling indicated that, on average, self-reported resilience decreased across the deployment cycle, but there was considerable individual variation in the rate of change. Of note, loneliness, as measured during deployment, predicted the rate of change in self-reported resilience over time. Results have implications for the longitudinal analysis of resilience and for the development of interventions with military personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A. Cabrera
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Benjamin J. Trachik
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-West, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington
| | - Michelle L. Ganulin
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-West, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington
| | - Michael N. Dretsch
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-West, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington
| | - Amy B. Adler
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
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Newman C, Roche M, Elliott D. Vicarious Trauma and Health Outcomes in Forensic Mental Health Nurses. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING 2024; 20:87-94. [PMID: 37749791 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses working in forensic mental health settings are at risk of vicarious trauma because of their exposure to traumatized patients and distressing material such as the aversive details of patient crimes. AIM The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of vicarious trauma and explore its impact on health and absence from work. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive correlational study was undertaken. All 205 forensic mental health nurses working in a high-security inpatient facility were invited to participate. An online survey included the Vicarious Trauma Scale and the SF-36v2 to measure mental and physical health. Absence from work was also explored. RESULTS Sixty-seven respondents completed the survey. Almost half of respondents had a moderate level of vicarious trauma, and only over one-quarter experienced high levels. Higher levels of vicarious trauma were associated with poorer mental health ( r = -0.59, p < 0.000) and absence from work ( r = 0.27, p < 0.010). CONCLUSIONS Forensic mental health nurses are at a greater risk of vicarious trauma than nurses working in mainstream mental health services, given their exposure to aversive details of patients' violent crimes. Adverse mental health consequences of vicarious trauma, and other forms of workplace trauma experienced by forensic mental health nurses, are likely to include trauma-related symptoms, depression, and anxiety. Forensic mental health nurses experiencing vicarious trauma may use sick leave as time away from work to care for their own mental health or a coping mechanism for workplace-induced psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Newman
- Author Affiliations: School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Technology Sydney
| | | | - Doug Elliott
- Author Affiliations: School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Technology Sydney
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Srivastava AV, Brown R, Newport DJ, Rousseau JF, Wagner KD, Guzick A, Devargas C, Claassen C, Ugalde IT, Garrett A, Gushanas K, Liberzon I, Cisler JM, Nemeroff CB. The role of resilience in the development of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder after trauma in children and adolescents. Psychiatry Res 2024; 334:115772. [PMID: 38442477 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
This investigation, conducted within the Texas Childhood Trauma Research Network, investigated the prospective relationships between resiliency and emergent internalizing symptoms among trauma-exposed youth. The cohort encompassed 1262 youth, aged 8-20, from twelve health-related institutions across Texas, who completed assessments at baseline and one- and six-month follow-ups for resiliency, symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and other demographic and clinical characteristics. At baseline, greater resilience was positively associated with older age, male (vs female) sex assigned at birth, and history of mental health treatment. Unadjusted for covariates, higher baseline resilience was associated with greater prospective depression and PTSD symptoms but not anxiety symptoms. Upon adjusting for demographic and clinical factors, higher baseline resilience was no longer associated with depression, PTSD, or anxiety symptoms. Our analyses demonstrate that the predictive value of resilience on psychopathology is relatively small compared to more readily observable clinical and demographic factors. These data suggest a relatively minor prospective role of resilience in protecting against internalizing symptoms among trauma-exposed youth and highlight the importance of controlling for relevant youth characteristics when investigating a protective effect of resilience on internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun V Srivastava
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Health Discovery Building, 1601 Trinity Blvd, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Ryan Brown
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Health Discovery Building, 1601 Trinity Blvd, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - D Jeffrey Newport
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Health Discovery Building, 1601 Trinity Blvd, Austin, TX 78701, USA; Department of Women's Health, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Justin F Rousseau
- Department of Population Health, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Karen D Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Guzick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cecilia Devargas
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center - El Paso Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Cynthia Claassen
- Department of Psychiatry, JPS Health Network / University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Irma T Ugalde
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy Garrett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kim Gushanas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Josh M Cisler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Health Discovery Building, 1601 Trinity Blvd, Austin, TX 78701, USA.
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Health Discovery Building, 1601 Trinity Blvd, Austin, TX 78701, USA
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Ashour R, Halstead EJ, Mangar S, Lin VKQ, Azhari A, Carollo A, Esposito G, Threadgold L, Dimitriou D. Childhood experiences and sleep problems: A cross-sectional study on the indirect relationship mediated by stress, resilience and anxiety. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299057. [PMID: 38507345 PMCID: PMC10954170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood experiences either adverse (ACE) or benevolent (BCE) can indirectly impact sleep quality in adult life, which in turn are modulated by the interplay of a variety of factors such as depression, anxiety, resilience and mental health problems. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was conducted across the UK and the Middle Eastern countries during the COVID-pandemic on 405 participants. An online survey used a combination of questionnaires to assess ACE and BCEs. The following tools were then used to assess the contribution of resilience, stress, depression and anxiety respectively: Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and General Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2) scale on childhood experiences. The extent of sleep disturbances experienced over a period of seven days was assessed using the PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Short-Form Tool. A serial-parallel mediation model was used to evaluate the impact of the mediators on childhood experiences and sleep quality. RESULTS Over 50% of the cohort were from Middle Eastern countries. Four or more BCEs were experienced by 94.3% of the cohort. In contrast, 67.9% of participants experienced at least one ACE before the age of 18 years, with moderate levels of stress, mild depression and anxiety were reported in 3.7%, 13% and 20% of participants respectively. Whilst 25.4% of participants reported having had four or more ACEs, with higher reports in the middle easter countries (32%). ACEs were found to correlate with sleep disturbance whilst BCEs showed an inverse correlation. The relationship between ACE and sleep disturbances was shown to be mediated by stress, and anxiety, but not by resilience or depression. Resilience and stress, and resilience and anxiety serially mediated the interaction between ACE and sleep disturbance. With regards to BCE, an inverse association with sleep disturbance was recorded with similar mediators of stress and anxiety observed. CONCLUSION This study confirms the negative effects of ACEs, and the positive effects of BCEs on sleep in adulthood which are both mediated predominantly by psychological resilience, anxiety and stress. Strategies aimed at improving psychological resilience as well as addressing stress and anxiety may help improve sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola Ashour
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, Psychology and Human Development, UCL-Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom
- Psychology and Human Development Department, UCL, IOE Faculty of Education and Society, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J. Halstead
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, Psychology and Human Development, UCL-Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom
- Psychology and Human Development Department, UCL, IOE Faculty of Education and Society, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Mangar
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, Psychology and Human Development, UCL-Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom
- Psychology and Human Development Department, UCL, IOE Faculty of Education and Society, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Khoo Qi Lin
- Psychology Programme, School of Humanities and Behavioural Sciences, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Atiqah Azhari
- Psychology Programme, School of Humanities and Behavioural Sciences, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alessandro Carollo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Laura Threadgold
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, Psychology and Human Development, UCL-Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom
- Psychology and Human Development Department, UCL, IOE Faculty of Education and Society, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dagmara Dimitriou
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, Psychology and Human Development, UCL-Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom
- Psychology and Human Development Department, UCL, IOE Faculty of Education and Society, London, United Kingdom
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Bourion-Bédès S, Rousseau H, Batt M, Beltrand C, Machane R, Tarquinio P, Tarquinio C, Baumann C. Measuring COVID-19 related stress and its associated factors among the parents of school-aged children during the first lockdown in France. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1823. [PMID: 37726674 PMCID: PMC10510290 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic placed important challenges on parents, as they had to meet various demands during lockdown, including childcare, work and homeschooling. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate perceived stress levels among the parents of school-aged children and explore their association with sociodemographic, environmental and psychological factors during lockdown. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among the parents of school-aged children ages 8 to 18, who lived in the Grand Est region of France during the first wave of the pandemic. An online survey collected sociodemographic data, living and working conditions, and exposure to COVID-19 as well as parent's levels of perceived stress (PSS-10), self-perceived health status (SF-12), social support (MSPSS) and resilience (BRS). Multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to evaluate the association between moderate to severe perceived stress and various factors. RESULTS In total, 734 parents were included. The results indicated that 47% were experiencing moderate stress and 7.2% were experiencing severe stress. Factors most strongly associated with risk of moderate to severe levels of stress were lower levels of parental resilience (OR = 3.8, 95% CI: 2.2-6.6) and poor self-perceived mental health status (OR = 7.3, 95% CI: 5.0-10.8). The following risk factors were also identified: female sex; being in the age range of 35-44; difficulties isolating and contracting COVID-19, which involved hospitalization and separation or isolation from family. The support of friends (OR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.7-1.0) and family (OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.8) were protective factors. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that supportive and preventive programs should focus on the improvement of resilience and mental health management to promote parents' wellbeing. Research has to focus both on individuals' inner potential for increasing resilience and the environmental resources to be activated. Building and boosting resilience among parents could serve as a protective factor against negative outcomes for them and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Bourion-Bédès
- Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de L'Enfant Et de L'Adolescent, 78000, Versailles-Le Chesnay, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm U1018, CESP, 'DevPsy', 94807, Villejuif, France.
| | - Hélène Rousseau
- Methodology, Data Management and Statistics Unit, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Martine Batt
- InterPsy, GRC Team, University of Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Carole Beltrand
- Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de L'Enfant Et de L'Adolescent, 78000, Versailles-Le Chesnay, France
| | - Rabah Machane
- Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de L'Enfant Et de L'Adolescent, 78000, Versailles-Le Chesnay, France
| | | | - Cyril Tarquinio
- UR 4360 APEMAC (Health Adjustment, Measurement and Assessment, Interdisciplinary Approaches), University of Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Cédric Baumann
- Methodology, Data Management and Statistics Unit, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France
- UR 4360 APEMAC (Health Adjustment, Measurement and Assessment, Interdisciplinary Approaches), University of Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
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Lo Destro C, Costa A. Effects of Locomotion Regulatory Mode on COVID-19 Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Resilience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6533. [PMID: 37569073 PMCID: PMC10418419 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a significant impact on mental health globally. The uncertainty, fear, and stress associated with this crisis have contributed to a heightened prevalence of anxiety, depression, and various other mental health disorders. In this scenario, the present study aimed at investigating the relationship between locomotion regulatory mode, resilience, and COVID-19 anxiety. It is worth noting that previous extensive research has established a significant correlation between high levels of locomotion and diverse positive psychological conditions, such as optimism, reduced hopelessness, and a positive effect. A total of 243 participants completed measures of locomotion regulatory mode, resilience, and COVID-19 anxiety. In line with our hypotheses, individuals' locomotion regulatory mode was negatively, although non-significatively, associated with COVID-19 anxiety. Furthermore, resilience was found to mediate the relationship between the locomotion regulatory mode and COVID-19 anxiety, indicating that individuals displaying high locomotion may be better equipped to cope with the stress and uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic due to their greater levels of resilience. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of considering both locomotion and resilience in managing anxiety related to COVID-19, and suggest that interventions aimed at enhancing resilience may be particularly beneficial for individuals with a low locomotion regulatory mode.
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Romaniuk A, Oniszczenko W. Resilience, anxiety, depression, and life satisfaction in women suffering from endometriosis: a mediation model. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2450-2461. [PMID: 36998108 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2197649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between resilience and life satisfaction in women suffering from endometriosis and examine anxiety and depression as mediators in this relationship. The study sample included 349 Caucasian women aged from 18 to 56 years (M = 32.94; SD = 6.74) suffering from endometriosis surgically diagnosed and histologically confirmed. The life satisfaction level was assessed by the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Unspecific anxiety was evaluated using the General Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7). Depression symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Resilience was measured using the Resilience Assessment Scale (SPP-25). Life satisfaction correlated negatively with anxiety and depression, but positively with resilience. Resilience correlated negatively with anxiety and depression. Anxiety and resilience accounted for 25% of the life satisfaction variance. Depression and resilience explained 35% of the variance in life satisfaction. Among resilience components, personal coping skills, tolerance of negative affect, tolerance of failures and treating life as a challenge, openness to new experiences and a sense of humour, and optimistic life attitude and ability to mobilize in difficult situations were the best predictors of life satisfaction. Anxiety and depression may serve as mediators in the relationship between resilience and life satisfaction. Our results suggested that resilience may be related to life satisfaction in women suffering from endometriosis directly and indirectly as mediated by anxiety and depression.
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Liu X, Zhao Y, Suo X, Zhang X, Pan N, Kemp GJ, Gong Q, Wang S. Psychological resilience mediates the protective role of default-mode network functional connectivity against COVID-19 vicarious traumatization. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:231. [PMID: 37380702 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vicarious traumatization (VT), a negative reaction to witnessing others' trauma, has been experienced by some people during the COVID-19 pandemic, and can lead to mental health problems. This study aimed to identify functional brain markers of COVID-specific VT and explore the psychological mechanism underlying the brain-VT link. One hundred healthy participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging before the pandemic (October 2019-January 2020) and completed VT measurement during the pandemic (February-April 2020). Whole-brain correlation analysis based on global functional connectivity density (FCD) mapping revealed that VT was negatively correlated with FCD in the right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) (i.e., the lower FCD in ITG, the worse the VT), identified by mapping onto known large-scale networks as part of the default-mode network (DMN). Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analysis using ITG as seed found that VT was predicted by lower functional connectivity between ITG and other DMN regions including left medial prefrontal cortex, left orbitofrontal cortex, right superior frontal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule and bilateral precuneus (i.e., the lower the ITG-DMN connectivity, the worse the VT). Mediation analyses suggested that psychological resilience served as a mediator in these associations of ITG FCD and ITG-DMN RSFC with VT. Our results provide novel evidence on the brain basis of VT and emphasize psychological resilience as an important link from DMN functional connectivity to COVID-specific-VT. This may facilitate public health interventions by helping identify individuals at risk of stress- and trauma-related psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqin Liu
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- School of Education and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueling Suo
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nanfang Pan
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Graham J Kemp
- Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Favale D, Nacci M, Bellomo A, Torales J, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A. Hope and resilience among patients affected by unipolar and bipolar depression. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023:207640221147166. [PMID: 36609179 DOI: 10.1177/00207640221147166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mood disorders, including unipolar and bipolar depression, are disabling mental conditions and patients' full-functional recovery may be challenging. Hope and Resilience are relevant factors in the framework of personal recovery and it is of interest to explore their association with the severity of depressive illness and other variables, including suicidality. METHODS in this cross-sectional study, 69 patients affected by unipolar (n = 31) and bipolar depression (n = 38) have been recruited and information about their sociodemographics, clinical characteristics were collected as well as the following assessment has been performed: BPRS (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale); HAMD ( Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression); MADRS (Montgomery Asberg Depression rating scale); HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale); SSI (Scale for Suicide Ideation); Synder (The Adult Hope Scale); CD-Risk (The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale). RESULTS patients affected by bipolar depression reported significantly higher level of psychopathological issues (BPRS) as well as higher scores of depressive and anxious symptoms (MADRS and HADS), suicidality (SSI). Also, bipolar depression patients reported lower levels of hope (Synder) and resilience (CD-Risk), with hope and resilience levels positively correlated each other, and inversely correlated to psychopathology and psychopathology, depressive and suicidal symptoms, respectively. CONCLUSIONS these findings suggested that bipolar depression is characterized by higher clinical severity and lower levels of hope and resilience. Specific psycho-educational and psychotherapeutic interventions should be promoted to increase levels of hope and resilience in mood disorders, especially in bipolar depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonello Bellomo
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Julio Torales
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | - Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Italy
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Primasari I, Hoeboer CM, Bakker A, Olff M. Validation of the Indonesian resilience evaluation scale in an undergraduate student population. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2410. [PMID: 36550465 PMCID: PMC9783966 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological resilience is an important factor in coping with Potentially Traumatic Events (PTEs) and might mitigate the development of trauma-related disorders. Due to the high risk of natural disasters, criminal activity, and transportation accidents among the Indonesian population, it is critical to assess psychological resilience as a protective factor. This study aimed to validate the Resilience Evaluation Scale (RES) in Indonesian undergraduate students. METHODS We recruited 327 students (78% female, the mean age is 19.61 (SD = 1.24)) between March and June 2020 using convenience sampling, 256 (78.28%) of whom completed the RES twice with an interval of 2 weeks for test-retest reliability purposes. Parallel Analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis were performed to examine the construct validity of the RES. The internal consistency and the test-retest reliability were assessed using Cronbach Alpha, Pearson Correlations, and Interclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC). Convergent and divergent validity were examined using Pearson Correlations. RESULTS EFA analysis yielded a two-factor structure for the final eight-item Indonesian version of RES, which reflected two underlying constructs of resilience: self-confidence and self-efficacy. The Indonesian version of RES demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.74-0.82) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.68-0.78; ICC = 0.67-0.78). The result showed that the RES total and subscale scores positively correlated with all criterion variables (resilience, self-efficacy, self-esteem, level of global functioning, and adaptive coping strategy; r = 0.27-0.73). RES total and subscale scores negatively correlated with opposite constructs (PTSD, depression, social/work impairment, and maladaptive coping strategy; r = - 0.27- -0.46). CONCLUSIONS The current study showed that the Indonesian RES is a valid and reliable measurement of psychological resilience in Indonesian undergraduate students. The final 8-item Indonesian RES, a freely available resilience instrument, is recommended for future studies and public mental health initiatives in the Indonesian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Primasari
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.9581.50000000120191471Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Chris M. Hoeboer
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Bakker
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda Olff
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.491097.2ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
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Resilience and its association with post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression symptoms in the aftermath of trauma: A cross-sectional study from Nepal. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Bourion-Bédès S, Rousseau H, Batt M, Tarquinio P, Lebreuilly R, Sorsana C, Legrand K, Machane R, Tarquinio C, Baumann C. Mental Health Status of French School-Aged Children's Parents during the COVID-19 Lockdown and Its Associated Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191710999. [PMID: 36078712 PMCID: PMC9518493 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread social isolation. This study aimed to determine anxiety levels among parents of school-aged children and investigate the associated factors. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, living and working conditions, family relationships, social support (MSPSS) and health status (SF-12) were collected from French parents through an online survey. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) was used to assess anxiety. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with moderate to severe anxiety. Among 698 parents, 19.2% experienced moderate to severe anxiety. A low level of resilience (OR = 4.3, 95% CI: 2.7-6.7) and confirmed COVID-19 cases involving hospitalization (OR = 3.8, 95% CI: 2.0-7.3) among individuals in one's household or in the family circle were found to be the main risk factors for moderate to severe anxiety. Other factors were also identified: a level of education less than high school (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.3-3.2), conflicts at home (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.4-3.7), noises outside the home (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.0-3.9), confirmed cases not involving hospitalization (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0-3.1) and suspected cases (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.0-3.8). Family support was a protective factor. These findings suggest some need for support programs to help parents cope with public health crises and work-family challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Bourion-Bédès
- Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, 78157 Versailles, France
- UR 4360 APEMAC (Health Adjustment, Measurement and Assessment, Interdisciplinary Approaches), University of Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Hélène Rousseau
- Methodology, Data Management and Statistics Unit, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Martine Batt
- InterPsy, GRC Team, University of Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | | | | | | | - Karine Legrand
- UR 4360 APEMAC (Health Adjustment, Measurement and Assessment, Interdisciplinary Approaches), University of Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
- Clinical Investigation Center, INSERM, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Rabah Machane
- Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, 78157 Versailles, France
| | - Cyril Tarquinio
- UR 4360 APEMAC (Health Adjustment, Measurement and Assessment, Interdisciplinary Approaches), University of Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Cédric Baumann
- UR 4360 APEMAC (Health Adjustment, Measurement and Assessment, Interdisciplinary Approaches), University of Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
- Methodology, Data Management and Statistics Unit, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
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Robert M, Shankland R, Bellicha A, Kesse-Guyot E, Deschasaux-Tanguy M, Andreeva VA, Srour B, Hercberg S, Touvier M, Leys C, Péneau S. Associations between Resilience and Food Intake Are Mediated by Emotional Eating in the NutriNet-Santé Study. J Nutr 2022; 152:1907-1915. [PMID: 35641193 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience, the ability to bounce back or recover from stress, has been associated with several health-related behaviors. However, data on food intake and emotional eating are lacking. OBJECTIVES The objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the associations between resilience and diet quality and ultraprocessed food (UPF) and food group consumption, and to assess whether emotional eating was a mediator of these associations. METHODS In 2017, 17,840 participants (73.5% female, mean age = 55.4 ± 14.0 y) of the NutriNet-Santé study completed the Brief Resilience Scale, the revised 21-item Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, and ≥3 self-administered 24-h dietary records. Diet quality was assessed with the modified French National Nutrition and Health Program Guideline Score. Foods and beverages consumed were categorized according to their degree of processing by the NOVA classification. We assessed the association between resilience and emotional eating using linear regression models. We also assessed the mediating role of emotional eating in the associations between resilience and diet quality, energy intake, and UPF and food group consumption, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS In our study, resilience was negatively associated with emotional eating (P < 0.0001). More resilient participants had greater overall diet quality, greater intakes of seafood, whole-grain foods, fats, unsalted oleaginous fruits, and alcoholic beverages, and lower intakes of UPFs, starchy foods, dairy desserts, sugary fatty products, and sugar and confectionery (all P < 0.05). Emotional eating was a mediator of the inverse associations between resilience and intake of energy, UPFs, dairy desserts, sugary fatty products, and of the positive associations between resilience and alcoholic beverages (all P < 0.05), with a 20-70% mediation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that resilience was associated with an overall better diet quality in the NutriNet-Santé population-based study. These associations were partially explained by emotional eating. These findings suggest that resilience should be considered in the promotion of healthy dietary habits.The study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03335644.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Robert
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Rebecca Shankland
- DIPHE Laboratory (Development, Individual, Processus, Handicap, Education), Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - Alice Bellicha
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Valentina A Andreeva
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Bernard Srour
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Christophe Leys
- Service of Analysis of the Data (SAD), Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Péneau
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
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