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Baccon WC, Laranjeira C, Marques PG, Höring CF, Gallo AM, Araujo JP, Marques FRDM, Carreira L, Salci MA. Physical Activity and Associated Factors among Brazilian Adult Inmates: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:748. [PMID: 38928994 PMCID: PMC11203477 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies on health in prison facilities have determined that imprisonment has adverse effects on both physical and emotional well-being. Therefore, the introduction of public health measures is encouraged. This study aimed to (a) evaluate the levels of physical activity and the health condition of a sample of Brazilian prisoners and (b) determine the predictors of low physical activity. An observational and cross-sectional study was developed following the STROBE checklist. Data collection took place between June and November 2019 in a maximum-security Brazilian prison institution. This study's final sample included 220 people selected through convenience sampling, of which 115 (53.2%) were aged 18 to 29 years, followed by 79 (36.6%) aged 30 to 44 years and 22 (10.2%) aged 45 to 59 years old. Overall, 64.3% of participants failed to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation for physical activity [at least 150-300 min of moderate-intensity or 75 min of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity per week]. The majority reported unhealthy food consumption (116; 53.7%). Regarding body mass index (BMI), 50.2% of individuals were classified as eutrophic, 38.1% were overweight and 11.6% were obese. Older age (AOR: 0.95; CI95%: 0.92-0.99; p = 0.01) and sitting time (AOR: 0.74; CI95%: 0.65-0.85; p < 0.01) were associated with low adherence to physical activity. Our results highlight the importance of practicing physical activity within the prison context and the need for institutional programs that promote regular physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa Cristina Baccon
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (W.C.B.); (A.M.G.); (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Carlos Laranjeira
- School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic University of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Rua de Santo André-66-68, Campus 5, Polytechnic University of Leiria, 2410-541 Leiria, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, 7000-801 Évora, Portugal
| | - Priscila Garcia Marques
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil;
| | - Carla Franciele Höring
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil;
| | - Adriana Martins Gallo
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (W.C.B.); (A.M.G.); (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Juliane Pagliari Araujo
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380-Campus Universitário, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil;
| | - Francielle Renata Danielli Martins Marques
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (W.C.B.); (A.M.G.); (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Lígia Carreira
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (W.C.B.); (A.M.G.); (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Maria Aparecida Salci
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790-Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (W.C.B.); (A.M.G.); (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (M.A.S.)
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Talbert RD, Macy ED. Former Incarceration, Time Served, and Perceived Oral Health among African American Women and Men. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12906. [PMID: 36232206 PMCID: PMC9566785 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A large body of research has documented the far-reaching health consequences of mass incarceration in the United States. Yet, less scholarship has examined the relationship between former incarceration and oral health, a key reflection of health and disease occurring within the rest of the body. Using data extracted from the National Survey of American Life (n = 3343), this study examines associations among former incarceration status, duration of detention, and self-reported oral health among African American women and men. Results from gender-stratified ordered logistic models reveal that formerly incarcerated African American men and women experience significantly poorer oral health than their never incarcerated counterparts even after controlling for important social determinants of health. Furthermore, oral health is curvilinearly associated with the length of time that men are incarcerated such that odds of poor health decrease as detention duration increases up to approximately 15 years incarcerated. After 15 years of detainment, the odds of poor health tend to increase as duration increases. Findings extend research identifying gendered spillover health consequences of contact with the criminal legal system. Health professionals and policymakers should be conscious of incarceration as an important deleterious experience for the immediate and long-term condition of people's teeth, mouth, and gums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Talbert
- Department of Sociology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Emma D. Macy
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Johnson C, Labbé C, Lachance A, LeBlanc CP. The Menu Served in Canadian Penitentiaries: A Nutritional Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163400. [PMID: 36014903 PMCID: PMC9416739 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The food served in Canadian penitentiaries was scrutinized following food service reform where Correctional Service Canada (CSC) created a standardized menu to feed incarcerated male individuals. Food in prison is a complex issue because penitentiaries are responsible for providing adequate nutrition to the prison population, who are vulnerable to poor health outcomes but are often seen as undeserving. This study aimed to analyse the national menu served in Canadian penitentiaries, in order to compare them with Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for male adults and the internal nutritional assessment reported by CSC. The goal was to verify if the menu served was adequate and to validate CSC’s nutritional assessment. The diet analysis software NutrificR was used to analyse the 4-week cycle menu. Both analyses were within range for DRIs for most nutrients. However, some nutrients were not within target. The sodium content (3404.2 mg) was higher than the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) of 2300 mg, the ω-6 (linolenic acid) content (10.8 g) was below the AI of 14 g, and the vitamin D content (16.2 μg) was below the target of 20 μg for individuals older than 70 years. When these outliers were analysed in-depth, the menu offering was consistent with the eating habits of non-incarcerated individuals. Based on this nutritional analysis and interpretation of the results in light of the complex nature of prison food, this study concludes that CSC meets its obligation to provide a nutritionally adequate menu offering to the general population during incarceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Johnson
- École des Hautes Études Publiques, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-506-858-4000 (ext. 4365)
| | - Charlotte Labbé
- École des Sciences des Aliments, de Nutrition et d’Études Familiales, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Anne Lachance
- École des Hautes Études Publiques, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Caroline P. LeBlanc
- École des Sciences des Aliments, de Nutrition et d’Études Familiales, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
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