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Kerstis B, Elvén M, Nilsson KW, von Heideken Wågert P, Stier J, Dahlen M, Lindberg D. Prevalence and Determinants of Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Swedish Repeated Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:960. [PMID: 39200571 PMCID: PMC11353595 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21080960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) changed during the COVID-19 pandemic; hence, this study examined PA and SB at four time points between December 2019 and December 2022. The participants' PA decreased during the pandemic and did not recover afterwards. Among women, PA increased slightly in 2022 but not at all in men. From 2019 to 2020, SB increased and then decreased to near the pre-pandemic level in both sexes. Regarding age, PA decreased in the oldest age group (65-79 years) across all time points, while SB increased in all age groups during 2019-2020 and then returned close to pre-pandemic levels among the two middle age groups (30-64 years), but not among the youngest and oldest groups. Considering occupation, PA decreased from 2020 to December 2022 among retired and "other" participants, while SB decreased among nonmanual workers and retired participants. The regression models associated better self-reported health, male sex, and those born overseas with higher PA. Higher age, better self-reported health, poor education, and later survey time points were associated with lower SB. These findings highlight the need to return PA and SB to at least pre-pandemic levels and that subgroups may need different interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Kerstis
- Division of Caring Sciences, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, 72123 Västerås, Sweden
| | - Maria Elvén
- Division of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, 72123 Västerås, Sweden; (M.E.); (P.v.H.W.)
| | - Kent W. Nilsson
- Division of Public Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, 72123 Västerås, Sweden;
- Center for Clinical Research, Central Hospital of Västerås, Uppsala University, 75310 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petra von Heideken Wågert
- Division of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, 72123 Västerås, Sweden; (M.E.); (P.v.H.W.)
| | - Jonas Stier
- Division of Social Work, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, 72123 Västerås, Sweden;
| | - Micael Dahlen
- Department of Marketing and Strategy, Stockholm School of Economics, 11383 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lindberg
- Department of Social Work, School of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, Division of Social Work, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden;
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Muaddi MA, Alharbi AA, Mahfouz MS, Hadadi RT, Areeshi RA, Muqri HK, Zurayyir EJ, Alkuaybi FS, Alhazmi SA, Albadrani MS, Alharbi RK, Alqassim AY. Changes in Nutritional Habits and Lifestyles Associated With COVID-19 in Jazan, Saudi Arabia: A 2022 Cross-Sectional Survey. Cureus 2024; 16:e65425. [PMID: 39184620 PMCID: PMC11344992 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic impacted dietary habits and physical activity patterns, with some long-term consequences. This study evaluated the effects of the pandemic on adults' dietary habits and physical activity in Jazan and compared them to pre-pandemic. METHODS An analytical cross-sectional survey was conducted among conveniently selected 559 individuals in Jazan, Saudi Arabia, in February 2022 using a validated online questionnaire. Data was collected to assess changes in eating habits, food intake, and weight before and 21 months after lifting of COVID-19 curfew restrictions in the region. Chi-square and McNemar's tests were used for analysis. RESULTS The proportion of individuals consuming homemade meals decreased from 50.6% (n=283) before the pandemic to 46.5% (n=260) during the pandemic, while the proportion of participants consuming less than three meals per day increased from 42.2% (n=236) to 45.4% (n=254), and breakfast consumption decreased significantly from 58.1% (n=325) to 53.5% (n=299) (p = 0.033). There was an increase in the consumption of fast food from 10.7% (n=60) to 12.0% (n=67) and dining at restaurants from 18.4% (n=103) to 19.3% (n=108); however, these increases were not statistically significant compared to pre-pandemic rates. During the pre-COVID-19 period, 46.9% (n=262) reported engaging in physical activity one to three times a week, whereas this frequency decreased to 41.3% (n=231) during the pandemic (p = 0.017). In contrast, a significant increase was observed in the duration of computer usage as prior to the pandemic, 20.2% (n=113) reported spending more than five hours per day on the computer, while this proportion increased to 31.8% (n=178) during the pandemic (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a considerable proportion of both males and females, constituting over one-third (n=189) of the total sample, reported an increase in body weight. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the adult population in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia experienced significant lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, including altered dietary patterns and a significant decline in physical activity. To mitigate potential adverse effects on future well-being, it is crucial to implement enduring initiatives promoting healthy lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Muaddi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU
| | - Abdullah A Alharbi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU
| | - Mohamed Salih Mahfouz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU
| | | | | | - Huda K Muqri
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU
| | | | | | | | - Muayad S Albadrani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Medical Education, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, SAU
| | - Rawan K Alharbi
- Department of Family Medicine, Al-Husseini Primary Care Center, Western Sector, Jazan Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Jazan, SAU
| | - Ahmad Y Alqassim
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU
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Cattaneo Della Volta MF, Vallone F, Zurlo MC. COVID-19-Related Stressors and Psychophysical Health Conditions among Italian University Students: A Post Pandemic Insight. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:752. [PMID: 38610174 PMCID: PMC11011279 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12070752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 medical emergency has ended worldwide, yet the psychological impact of these years of unprecedented changes on students' lives still needs to be deepened. METHODS This study aims to assess and compare COVID-19-related stressors (relationships and academic life; isolation; and fear of contagion) and psychophysical symptoms reported by 637 university students at three times, i.e., April 2020 (n = 197), April 2021 (n = 200), and April 2022 (n = 240). The impact of COVID-19-related stressors on psychophysical symptoms within each time was also tested. RESULTS In April 2022, perceived isolation and fear of contagion decreased from the peak registered in April 2021, but stress related to relationships and academic life remained high. An ongoing increase in psychophysical symptoms was found. More than 50% of students reported clinical levels of sleep disorders, depression, psychoticism, and interpersonal sensitivity. In April 2022, students still perceiving stress related to relationships and academic life and isolation were at risk for anxiety, somatization, and sleep disorders. Students still perceiving stress related to fear of contagion were also at risk for depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and psychoticism. CONCLUSION The findings emphasized the long-lasting effects of COVID-19-related stress on students' psychophysical health. Interventions must aim at supporting students in dealing with the complex post-pandemic adjustment process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Vallone
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (M.F.C.D.V.); (F.V.)
| | - Maria Clelia Zurlo
- Dynamic Psychology Laboratory, Department of Political Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
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Líška D, Rutkowski S, Oplatková L, Sýkora J, Pupiš M, Novák J, Urbářová E, Rutkowska A, Busch A, Kobesova A. Comparison of the level of physical activity after the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:47. [PMID: 38360814 PMCID: PMC10868077 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00833-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with limited physical activity (PA) of most of the world's population. This cross-sectional prospective study aimed to assess the levels of PA of university students in Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia after COVID-19 using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF). METHODS A total of 2635 students completed questionnaires regarding their PA levels using the IPAQ-SF between September and December 2022. RESULTS PA measured by metabolic equivalent of task (MET) scores, varied between the three countries: Slovakia median MET-minutes/week score 4459.9; Czech Republic 3838.8 Poland 3567.1. The results of the post hoc analysis revealed there were significant differences in MET-minutes/week values between the Czech Republic and Poland (p < 0.035) as well as between the Czech Republic and Slovakia (p < 0.037). The analysis of energetic expenditure during walking revealed that students from the Czech Republic and Slovakia had higher median MET-min/weeks values (Czech 2284.1; Slovak 2467.1) compared to their Polish (1536.1) peers (p < 0.001). Polish cohort presented with significantly higher body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) than Czech and Slovak groups (BMI Czech: 22.3; Slovak 22.8; Polish 23.8). CONCLUSIONS Significant differences in PA levels between the Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia university students were identified. Slovakia showed the highest median PA measured as a MET score, and Poland showed the lowest. Compared to available pre-COVID studies it seems the total level of PA in the observed cohorts has not returned to the pre-COVID levels and students remain less active.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Líška
- Faculty of Sports Science and Health , Matej Bel University, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - S Rutkowski
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
| | - L Oplatková
- Department of Rehabilitation Sports Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Sýkora
- Faculty of Sports Science and Health , Matej Bel University, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - M Pupiš
- Faculty of Sports Science and Health , Matej Bel University, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - J Novák
- Department of Rehabilitation Sports Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E Urbářová
- Rehabilitation Prague School, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Rutkowska
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
| | - A Busch
- Department of Health and Human Kinetics, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, USA
| | - Alena Kobesova
- Department of Rehabilitation Sports Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Rehabilitation Prague School, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Komati N, Vieux F, Maillot M, Darmon N, Calvarin J, Lecerf JM, Amiot MJ, Belzunces L, Tailliez D. Environmental impact and nutritional quality of adult diet in France based on fruit and vegetable intakes. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:195-207. [PMID: 37801156 PMCID: PMC10799092 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the nutritional quality and environmental impact of self-selected diets of adults in France in relation to their fruit and vegetable (FV) intakes. METHODS Estimates of food and nutrient intakes were taken from the national INCA3 Survey on food intakes carried out in France in 2014-2015. The population (n = 2121 adults) was split into five quintiles of FV intakes, in g/d (Q1 representing the lowest intake, and Q5 the highest). The nutritional quality of diets was assessed through 4 indicators: mean adequacy ratio (MAR), solid energy density, mean excess ratio (MER) and Programme National Nutrition Santé guideline score 2 (PNNS-GS2). The environmental impacts were measured with environmental footprint (EF) scores and 4 additional indicators: climate change, ozone depletion, fine particulate matter and water use. Indicators were compared between quintiles. Analysis was conducted on diets adjusted to 2000 kcal. RESULTS MAR and PNNS-GS2 increased with increased FV quintiles, while solid energy density decreased. Fibre, potassium, vitamin B9 and vitamin C densities increased with increasing FV intakes. Climate change, ozone depletion and fine particulate matter impacts of diets decreased with increasing quintiles of FV consumption. Conversely, water use impact increased. CONCLUSION Higher intake of FV is associated with higher nutritional quality of diets and lower environmental impact, except for water use. Given the benefits of fruit and vegetables for human health and the environment, their negative impact on water use could be improved by working on the agricultural upstream, rather than by changing individuals' food choices and reducing their consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Komati
- Agency for Research and Information on Fruit and Vegetables (APRIFEL), Paris, France.
| | | | | | - Nicole Darmon
- MoISA, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Johanna Calvarin
- Agency for Research and Information on Fruit and Vegetables (APRIFEL), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Lecerf
- Nutrition & Physical Activity Department, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marie-Josèphe Amiot
- INRAE-National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment, Montpellier, France
| | - Luc Belzunces
- INRAE, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, UR 0406 A&E, Avignon, France
| | - Delphine Tailliez
- Agency for Research and Information on Fruit and Vegetables (APRIFEL), Paris, France
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Shinba T, Shinba Y, Shinba S. Asymptomatic Autonomic Dysregulation after Recovery from Mild COVID-19 Infection Revealed by Analysis of Heart Rate Variability Responses to Task Load. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 12:43. [PMID: 38200949 PMCID: PMC10779111 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is often followed by various complications, which can cause disturbances in daily life after recovery from the infectious state, although etiological mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Previous studies have indicated that autonomic dysregulation is an underlying factor, and it is of interest to clarify whether autonomic dysregulation is also present in the asymptomatic subjects after COVID-19 infection (post-COVID-19) for early detection of post-COVID-19 complications. (2) Methods: In the present study, autonomic activity was assessed using heart rate variability (HRV) analysis in the workers who recovered from mild COVID-19 infection (n = 39). They took a leave of absence for an average of 11.9 days and returned to the original work without complications. HRV was measured after an average of 9.3 days from return. High-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) HRV parameters and heart rate (HR) were recorded during a three-behavioral-state paradigm of approximately 5 min length composed of initial rest, task load, and post-task rest periods and were compared with the data of the workers without the history of COVID-19 infection (normal, n = 38). (3) Results: The HRV and HR scores at the initial rest in the post-COVID-19 subjects showed no difference from those in the control. It is found that the post-COVID-19 subjects exhibited an attenuation of LF/HF increment during the task load and an excessive increase of HF together with a decrease of LF, LF/HF and HR during the post-task rest period in comparison with the initial rest scores. (4) Conclusions: These abnormalities are evaluated as asymptomatic autonomic dysregulation in response to task load, are frequently present after COVID-19 infection, and could be related to the generation of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikazu Shinba
- Department of Psychiatry, Shizuoka Saiseikai General Hospital, Shizuoka 422-8527, Japan
- Research Division, Saiseikai Research Institute of Health Care and Welfare, Tokyo 108-0073, Japan
- Autonomic Nervous System Consulting, Shizuoka 420-0839, Japan
| | - Yujiro Shinba
- Autonomic Nervous System Consulting, Shizuoka 420-0839, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Shinba
- Autonomic Nervous System Consulting, Shizuoka 420-0839, Japan
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Benyamini Raischer H, Garmi G, Malchi D, Nachshon AA, Inbar S, Romano S, Salim R. Impact of COVID-19 mandatory lockdown on maternal gestational weight gain and neonatal macrosomia rate at an academic medical center in Israel. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2204391. [PMID: 37127549 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2204391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an effort to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), governments restricted outdoor activities and imposed lockdown quarantine. This change in lifestyle probably affected individuals' eating habits and physical activity. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal antenatal weight gain, neonatal macrosomia, and other maternal and neonatal outcomes of women delivering at an academic medical center in Israel. METHOD A retrospective, two-period cohort study conducted at a university teaching medical center in Afula, Israel. The study period was between April and September 2020. This period signifies worsening in pandemic situations, during which citizens experienced strict prolonged lockdown measures. The parallel unexposed period (control period) was between April and September 2019. Singleton pregnancies delivered at >24 weeks were eligible. Primary outcome was incidence of macrosomia. Secondary outcomes included gestational weight gain, body mass index (BMI) at delivery, rates of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), mode of delivery, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), and neonatal outcomes reflecting neonatal birth weight and condition at delivery. RESULTS A total of 4,765 women were included, 2,442 in the study group and 2,323 in the control group. The incidence of macrosomia was significantly higher in 2020 (6.2%) than in 2019 (4.9%), (p = .048; OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.002- 1.65). Women gained significantly more weight (median 1 kg more), weighed more at delivery (median 1 kg), and had higher BMI at delivery in 2020 compared with those in 2019 (p < .01). The incidence of GDM was 9.5% and 8.5% in the study and control groups respectively (p = .26; OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.92-1.37). Greater percentage of women did not perform the glucose challenge test in 2020 (9.9%) compared with those in 2019 (7.5%) (p = .003, OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.11-1.67). The incidence of any hypertension related to pregnancy was significantly higher in 2020 compared to 2019 (5.8% vs 4.4% respectively, (p = .042; OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.02-1.71). The proportion of women who smoked during pregnancy was also significantly higher in 2020 than in 2019 (5.1% vs 3.7%, respectively, p = .02; OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.06-1.86). Delivery mode did not differ, while the incidence of PPH was significantly higher in 2020 than in 2019 (5.6% vs 3.4%, respectively, p = .001; OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.25-2.19). Neonatal condition at delivery was comparable. CONCLUSION COVID-19-related lockdown was associated with the increased rate of macrosomic infants. This indirect effect of the pandemic is probably related to poorer maternal antenatal metabolic health status. Long-term consequences should be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gali Garmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Malchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | | | - Shiri Inbar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Shabtai Romano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Raed Salim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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Petkevičienė J, Raskilienė A, Grincaitė M, Kriaučionienė V. Social Disparities in Lifestyle and Body Weight Changes during COVID-19 Quarantine and Post-Quarantine Persistence of Changes among Lithuanian Adult Population. Nutrients 2023; 15:4254. [PMID: 37836539 PMCID: PMC10574376 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of social factors on changes in lifestyle habits during the COVID-19 quarantine and their maintenance post-quarantine is underexamined. This study aimed to assess sociodemographic differences in nutrition, physical activity and body weight changes during the quarantine and their persistence post quarantine. The study included a random sample of Lithuanian residents aged 20 to 64. The questionnaires were filled in during the face-to-face interview within households countrywide in 2023. In total, 1500 individuals (742 men and 758 women) participated in the survey. Up to 34.9% of the respondents reported changes in eating habits, mostly increased consumption, 29.5% indicated reduced physical activity, and 22.7% gained weight. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that highly educated individuals were more likely than poorly educated individuals to increase healthy and decrease unhealthy food consumption and increase physical activity during the quarantine. The city inhabitants reported unfavourable changes in nutrition habits more often than those living in villages did. The proportion of respondents who reported the maintenance of the quarantine changes in lifestyle depending on the habit varied from 23.2% to 71.4% in the post-quarantine period. Highly educated individuals were less likely to maintain the decreased consumption of fresh fruits and increased body weight than less-educated individuals were. Our study provides evidence that the targeted interventions are needed to help less-educated individuals and city residents develop and maintain healthy lifestyle habits, even in times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Petkevičienė
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Asta Raskilienė
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Biology Systems and Genetic Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Str. 4, 50103 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Monika Grincaitė
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Kriaučionienė
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
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9
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Cardoso FJ, Victor DR, Silva JRD, Guimarães AC, Leal CA, Taveira MR, Alves JG. Physical fitness level and the risk of severe COVID-19: A systematic review. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 5:174-180. [PMID: 37753428 PMCID: PMC10518790 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To verify systematically the association between the status of physical fitness and the risk of severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This systematic review is in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) statement and the eligibility criteria followed the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study (PICOS) recommendation. PubMed, Embase, SciELO and Cochrane electronic databases were searched. All studies that explored the relationship between the pattern of physical fitness and COVID-19 adverse outcomes (hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, intubation, or mortality), were selected. The quality of the studies was assessed by the specific scale of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A total of seven observational studies were identified in this systematic review; 13 468 patients were included in one case-control study, two cohort studies, and four cross-sectional studies. All studies reported an inverse association between high physical fitness and severe COVID-19 (hospitalization, intensive care admission, or mortality). Only some studies reported comorbidities, especially obesity and cardiovascular disorders, but the results remained unchanged after controlling for comorbidities. The quality of the seven studies included was moderate according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The methodological heterogeneity of the studies included did not allow a meta-analysis of the findings. In conclusion, higher physical fitness levels were associated with lower risk of hospitalization, intensive care admissions, and mortality rates among patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fortunato José Cardoso
- Departament of Hepatology, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - José Roberto da Silva
- Departament of Hepatology, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Adriane Leal
- Departament of Hepatology, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - João Guilherme Alves
- Departament of Hepatology, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Nava-González EJ, Camacho-López S, Zamora-Ozoria AA, Parra-Soto S, Ríos-Castillo I, Cordón-Arrivillaga K, Ortiz A, Contreras-Silva MY, Contreras-Silva MY, de León-Gutiérrez H, Elizondo-Omaña GG, Carpio-Arias V, Bejarano-Roncancio JJ, Landaeta-Díaz L. [Diet and body weight at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico]. REVISTA MEDICA DEL INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL SEGURO SOCIAL 2023; 61:433-439. [PMID: 37535983 PMCID: PMC10484542 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8200175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Weight changes in adults have strong repercussions on people's health status. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these changes could be more evident due to the mandatory confinement, as well as eating habits and lifestyle. In this study, changes in diet and body weight in Mexican population at the beginning of COVID-19 lockdown period (weeks 4-7) were evaluated using an online survey. Objective To identify the characteristics of the diet and the perceived change in body weight at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Material and methods Descriptive, cross-sectional study of 1281 people over 18 years of age, electronic survey in weeks 4-7 of confinement with sociodemographic data, food consumption and perception of body weight. Results The change in food consumption was 53.9%, finding differences according to gender in beverages (carbonated, juices, alcoholic), coffee/tea, fruits, legumes (p < 0.05). The perception of body weight increases by 3.4 (increased) and 2.1 (lowered) times more than the risk of change in diet. Conclusions The dietary differences refer to a tendency to the type of food consumed, mainly sugary drinks, with the perception of changes in positive body weight in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna J. Nava-González
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Licenciatura en Nutrición. Monterrey, Nuevo León, MéxicoUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMéxico
| | - Saby Camacho-López
- Academia AMIR México. Ciudad de México, MéxicoAcademia AMIR MéxicoMéxico
| | - Anyelin Arale Zamora-Ozoria
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Licenciatura en Nutrición. Monterrey, Nuevo León, MéxicoUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMéxico
| | - Solange Parra-Soto
- Universidad del Bío-Bío, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de los Alimentos, Departamento de Nutrición y Salud Pública. Chillán, ChileUniversidad del Bío-BíoChile
| | - Israel Ríos-Castillo
- Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura, Oficina Subregional de la FAO para Mesoamérica. Ciudad de Panamá, PanamáOrganización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la AgriculturaPanamá
| | - Karla Cordón-Arrivillaga
- Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Escuela de Nutrición, Unidad de Investigación en Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional. San Carlos de Guatemala, GuatemalaUniversidad de San Carlos de GuatemalaGuatemala
| | - Alfonsina Ortiz
- Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Nutrición. Montevideo, UruguayUniversidad Católica del UruguayUruguay
| | - María Yvette Contreras-Silva
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Licenciatura en Nutrición. Monterrey, Nuevo León, MéxicoUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMéxico
| | - María Yvette Contreras-Silva
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Licenciatura en Nutrición. Monterrey, Nuevo León, MéxicoUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMéxico
| | - Humberto de León-Gutiérrez
- Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura, Oficina Subregional de la FAO para Mesoamérica. Ciudad de Panamá, PanamáOrganización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la AgriculturaPanamá
| | - Gabriela Guadalupe Elizondo-Omaña
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Licenciatura en Nutrición. Monterrey, Nuevo León, MéxicoUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMéxico
| | - Valeria Carpio-Arias
- Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Facultad de Salud Pública, Grupo de Investigación en Alimentación y Nutrición Humana. Riobamba, EcuadorUniversidad de MonterreyEcuador
| | - Jhon Jairo Bejarano-Roncancio
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Nutrición Humana. Bogotá, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaColombia
| | - Leslie Landaeta-Díaz
- Universidad de Las Américas, Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética. Santiago, ChileUniversidad de Las AméricasArgentina
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Solfanelli G, Giaccio D, Tropea A, Bucicovschi V, Gallo G, Tocci G, Musumeci B, Marcellini L, Barbato E, Volpe M, Battistoni A. Cardiovascular risk and the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective observational study in a population of healthcare professionals. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1415-1419. [PMID: 37230874 PMCID: PMC10105375 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM To contain the spread of COVID-19, many countries imposed several restrictive measures, leading to radical changes in daily life behaviors. Healthcare workers experienced additional stress due to the increased risk of contagion, possibly causing an increase in unhealthy habits. We investigated changes in cardiovascular (CV) risk assessed by the SCORE-2 in a healthy population of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic; an analysis by subgroups was also conducted (sportspeople vs sedentary subjects). METHODS AND RESULTS We compared medical examination and blood tests in a population of 264 workers aged over 40, performed yearly before (T0) and during the pandemic (T1, T2). We found a significant increase in the average CV risk, according to SCORE-2, during the follow-up in our healthy population, with a shift from a mean low-moderate risk profile at T0 (2.35%) to a mean high-risk profile at T2 (2.80%). Furthermore, in sedentary subjects was observed a greater and early increase in SCORE-2 compared to sportspeople. CONCLUSIONS Since 2019, we observed an increase in CV risk profile in a healthy population of healthcare workers, particularly in sedentary subjects, highlighting the need to reassess SCORE-2 every year to promptly treat high-risk subjects, according to the latest Guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Solfanelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - D Giaccio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - A Tropea
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - V Bucicovschi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - G Gallo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - G Tocci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - B Musumeci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - E Barbato
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - M Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; IRCSS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - A Battistoni
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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12
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Galvão LLP, Santos TSS, Slater B, Lyra CDO, Rolim PM, Ramalho AA, Dalamaria T, Martins FA, Höfelmann DA, Crispim SP, Gorgulho BM, Rodrigues PRM, Marchioni DM, Maciel BLL. Diet quality and associated factors in Brazilian undergraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1169147. [PMID: 37293675 PMCID: PMC10244745 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1169147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diet quality is associated with psychobiological, psychological, biological, and physiological factors of individuals, and in the context of prolonged stress, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, it can lead to a worsening of the quality of food for undergraduates. This study aimed to analyze diet quality and associated factors in Brazilian undergraduates. Methods Data were collected from 4,799 undergraduate students from all Brazilian regions, from August 2020 to February 2021. The online questionnaire contained socioeconomic variables, the ESQUADA scale to assess diet quality, self-referred changes in weight, the Brazilian food insecurity scale (EBIA), sleep assessment and the perceived stress scale. Unconditional multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to study variables associated with poor and very poor diet quality. Results Most of participants presented a good diet quality (51.7%), while 9.8% had a poor or very poor diet quality and only 1.1% had an excellent diet quality. 58.2% of undergraduates reported to have an increase in weight during the pandemic and 74.3% of the students presented elevated stress during the pandemic. Logistic regressions showed students who gained weight during the pandemic presented the highest AOR = 1.56 (95% CI = 1.12-2.20) for poor or very poor diet quality. The elevated perceived stress was also associated with a higher AOR = 2.85 (95% CI = 1.71-4.74) for poor or very poor diet quality. Conclusion Most of the studied undergraduates presented a good diet quality. Nevertheless, poor/very poor diet quality was associated with higher perceived stress and weight gain. Our study indicated that policies should beaimed at the socioeconomically most vulnerable undergraduates, those in a situation of food and nutritional insecurity, high perceived stress, and who gained weight during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana L. P. Galvão
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Thanise S. S. Santos
- Nutrition Interventions Research Group, School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Faculty of Public Health, Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health (NUPENS), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Betzabeth Slater
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Clélia de O. Lyra
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Priscilla M. Rolim
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Alanderson A. Ramalho
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
- Health and Sports Science Center, Nutrition Course, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Dalamaria
- Health and Sports Science Center, Nutrition Course, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Andrade Martins
- Health and Sports Science Center, Nutrition Course, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Doroteia A. Höfelmann
- Food and Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Nutrition Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandra P. Crispim
- Food and Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Nutrition Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Bartira M. Gorgulho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Nutrition Faculty, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Paulo R. M. Rodrigues
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Nutrition Faculty, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Dirce M. Marchioni
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna L. L. Maciel
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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13
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Oh K, Park S, Park S, Yun S, Choi H, Jeong EK. Changes in food and nutrient intakes in Korean adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: data from the 2011-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Epidemiol Health 2023; 45:e2023015. [PMID: 36731472 PMCID: PMC10581887 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2023015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was to examine the changes in dietary habits and food and nutrient intakes between before (2019) and during (2020) the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). METHODS A total of 54,995 participants aged ≥19 years who participated in the 2011-2020 KNHANES were included. The 10-year trend (2011-2020) and differences between 2019 and 2020 for dietary habits and food and nutrient intakes were estimated using SAS. RESULTS In the past 10 years (2011-2020), the dietary habits (increase in skipping meals and eating out), food intake (increase in meats and decrease in fruits and vegetables), and nutrient intake (increase in fat and decrease in sodium) in adults have changed. When comparing between 2019 and 2020, there were 4.6%p decrease in the eating out more than once a day. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the intakes of food, energy and most of nutrients between 2019 and 2020, except for the proportion of energy intake from fat (1.0%p increase) and carbohydrate (1.0%p decrease). CONCLUSIONS Although a change in dietary habits from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic was observed, food and nutrient intakes have not deteriorated markedly and appear similar to the trends in the past 10 years. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to monitor the effects of changes in dietary habits on health as well as food and nutrient intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungwon Oh
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Suyeon Park
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sihyun Park
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sungha Yun
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hongseok Choi
- Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eun Kyeong Jeong
- Public Health Care Headquarters, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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14
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COVID-19-related deaths: a 2-year inter-wave comparison of mortality data from Germany. Infection 2023:10.1007/s15010-023-01982-4. [PMID: 36690889 PMCID: PMC9870770 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-01982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused substantial mortality worldwide. We investigated clinical and demographic features of COVID-19-related deaths that occurred between March 2020 and January 2022 in Regensburg, Germany. METHODS We compared data across four consecutive time periods: March 2020 to September 2020 (period 1), October 2020 to February 2021 (period 2), March 2021 to August 2021 (period 3), and September 2021 to January 2022 (period 4). RESULTS Overall, 405 deaths in relation to COVID-19 were reported. The raw case fatality ratio (CFR) was 0.92. In periods 1 to 4, the CFRs were 1.70%, 2.67%, 1.06%, and 0.36%. The age-specific CFR and mortality were highest in persons aged ≥ 80 years in period 2 while mortality in younger cases increased with time. The median age at death was 84 years and it varied slightly across periods. Around 50% of cases of death were previously hospitalized. In all time periods, the cause of death was mostly attributed to COVID-19. Over the four periods, we did not find significant changes in the distribution of sex and risk factors for severe disease. The most frequent risk factor was cardio-circulatory disease. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the CFR decreased over time, most prominently for period 4. Mortality was considerable and younger cases were increasingly at risk.
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15
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Drachal K, González Cortés D. Estimation of Lockdowns' Impact on Well-Being in Selected Countries: An Application of Novel Bayesian Methods and Google Search Queries Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:421. [PMID: 36612742 PMCID: PMC9819235 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lockdowns introduced in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic have had a significant impact on societies from an economic, psychological, and health perspective. This paper presents estimations of their impact on well-being, understood both from the perspective of mental health and considering economic security and similar factors. This is not an easy task because well-being is influenced by numerous factors and the changes happen dynamically. Moreover, there are some obstacles when using the control group. However, other studies show that in certain cases it is possible to approximate selected phenomena with Google search queries data. Secondly, the econometric issues related to the suitable modeling of such a problem can be solved, for example, by using Bayesian methods. In particular, herein the recently gaining in popularity Bayesian structural time series and Bayesian dynamic mixture models are used. Indeed, these methods have not been used in social sciences extensively. However, in the fields where they have been used, they have been very efficient. Especially, they are useful when short time series are analyzed and when there are many variables that potentially have a significant explanatory impact on the response variable. Finally, 15 culturally different and geographically widely scattered countries are analyzed (i.e., Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom). Little evidence of any substantial changes in the Internet search intensity on terms connected with negative aspects of well-being and mental health issues is found. For example, in Mexico, some evidence of a decrease in well-being after lockdown was found. However, in Italy, there was weak evidence of an increase in well-being. Nevertheless, the Bayesian structural time series method has been found to fit the data most accurately. Indeed, it was found to be a superior method for causal analysis over the commonly used difference-in-differences method or Bayesian dynamic mixture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Drachal
- Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, 00-241 Warszawa, Poland
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Socan M, Erčulj VI. Confronting SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Patients' Experience in the First Pandemic Wave-Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12743. [PMID: 36232041 PMCID: PMC9566657 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the real-life experience of persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Slovenia in the first pandemic wave and how the buffering effect of social and informational support affected negative feelings. We used a self-administrated questionnaire. There were 1182 eligible notified cases with the response rate 64.9%. At least 62% of responders were able to follow the isolation rules, while 21.1% did not or could not organize their living separately from other household members. The main providers during the isolation period were close family members. The most prevalent emotion in our study was worry (70.3%) and fear (37.6%). Worry and fear during the illness were less probable for men than women, but more probable for older patients. Participants with strong emotional support had lower odds of being sad. Those who were exposed to a larger number of sources of information had higher odds of being worried. Those patients who used a higher number of more credible sources of information had higher odds of being afraid during illness. Pets did not play a special role in psychological well-being. The role of the media and public health communications should be explored further to achieve an improved response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Socan
- National Institute of Public Health, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vanja Ida Erčulj
- Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Lagos-Castillo M, Guevara-Vizcarra M, Paredes-Campos F, Kosuri S, Vilchez G. The Effectiveness of Pap and Visual Inspection With Acetic Acid (VIAA) Tests in Cervical Dysplasia Screenings During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Cureus 2022; 14:e27364. [PMID: 36046272 PMCID: PMC9417588 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was aimed at analyzing the validity and reliability of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIAA) tests for cervical dysplasia screenings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods This was a retrospective study of patients 21 years or older seen at the Luis Negreiros Primary Care Center in Lima, Peru between 2020 and 2021, who underwent cervical dysplasia screening (Pap or VIAA). Relevant information regarding patient age, date of service, and Pap and VIAA results were collected. Parallel form reliability was analyzed with chi-square tests, and phi, contingency and Cramer's V coefficients. The validity of these tests was analyzed through the calculation of the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values with confidence intervals. A p-value less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results From 4,503 records, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for Pap were 0.87 (0.81-0.92), 1.0 (1.0-1.0), 1.0 (1.0-1.0) and 0.99 (0.98-0.99), respectively, and those for VIAA were 0.22 (0.14-0.31), 0.10 (0.10-0.10), 0.53 (0.38-0.69) and 0.10 (0.10-0.10), respectively. Test validity varied slightly according to patient age and the year of testing. The correlation, although significant, was inverse; chi-square = 39.18, p <0.001, phi = -0.60, contingency = 0.51 and Cramer’s V = -0.59. Conclusion The validity and reliability of Pap testing and VIAA for cervical dysplasia screening significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The correlation between these tests, although significant, was inverse. More larger-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings and understand the reasons underlying the decreased effectiveness of these tests.
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