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Guo Y, Dai CL, Ward RM, Mason WA. The Interaction of Cannabis Consumption with Heavy Episodic Drinking and Alcohol-induced Blackouts in Relation to Cannabis Use Consequences Among Recent Undergraduate College Cannabis Users. CANNABIS (ALBUQUERQUE, N.M.) 2024; 6:23-32. [PMID: 38883276 PMCID: PMC11178058 DOI: 10.26828/cannabis/2023/000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Risky alcohol use patterns, characterized by heavy episodic drinking (HED) and alcohol-induced blackout, are prevalent in college students. However, it is not clear if experiencing HED and blackout among college-attending cannabis users heightens risk for adverse cannabis use consequences. The purpose of this study was to examine whether heavy episodic drinking and blackout episodes moderate the relationship between cannabis consumption and cannabis use consequences among college students. Methods Undergraduate college students (n = 4331) were recruited from a Midwest University in 2021. This analysis used a subset of data from past 6-month cannabis users (n= 772; 17.8% of the full sample). Among cannabis users, 64.5% identified as female and 87.8% were White with an average age of 19.99 (SD=2.88). A linear regression was conducted with two two-way interactions of cannabis consumption and HED frequency as well as cannabis consumption and alcohol-induced blackout episodes. Results Results showed a statistically significant positive association between cannabis consumption and cannabis use consequences (B=0.73, p<.001), adjusting for the other variables in the model. Blackout, but not HED, was a significant moderator (B=0.19, p=.003). Discussion The findings of this study indicate that blackout experiences amplify the relationship between cannabis use and cannabis-related consequences among college students. This underscores that blackouts not only signal a risk of problematic drinking but also exacerbate the association between cannabis use and its negative consequences. Conclusion Findings may inform college campus interventions targeting cannabis and alcohol concurrent-users who experience alcohol-induced blackouts to reduce their additional risk for cannabis-related consequences.
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Huh SY, Kim SG, Kim YS, Kim HK. Rate of alcohol-induced blackout experience and its negative consequences among Korean university students. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37652461 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2023.2213660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
An alcohol-induced blackout suggested to be related to a rapid increase in blood alcohol concentration and it is closely related to long-term memory creation. Blackout has been experienced by 35% of the general population and over 50% of university student population. In addition, it has been shown that blackout could be a precursor of injury risk. However, the rate of blackout and blackout related negative consequences in Korean university students have rarely been studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the blackout experience rate and its negative consequences among students from four universities in Korea. A survey was conducted among university students located in Pusan, Korea in 2013. Demographic and blackout related information were collected through self-report questionnaire, including blackout experience, age of first blackout, and negative consequences of blackout. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed for collected data. Of a total of 470 subjects (Male = 217, Female = 253) surveyed, 190 (40.4%) subjects had experienced a blackout at some points in their lives. The majority (86.3%) of them experienced the first blackout between 20-25 years old. Among those who had experienced a blackout, 57.0% reported that they could not remember how they went home at the end of the night, 8.1%, 7.6%, 3.1%, and 2.2% reported that they had bodily injuries, argument, physical or personal fight, and sexual-related incidences, respectively. This study shows that many Korean university students have experienced blackouts and related negative events. These results suggest that more systematic drinking control strategy is required for Korean university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Young Huh
- Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung-Gon Kim
- Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yeon-Sue Kim
- Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, Korea
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Boness CL, Gatten N, Treece M, Miller MB. A mixed-methods approach to improve the measurement of alcohol-induced blackouts: ABOM-2. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1497-1514. [PMID: 35702924 PMCID: PMC9427728 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-induced blackouts describe memory loss resulting from alcohol consumption. Approximately half of college students report experiencing a blackout in their lifetime. Blackouts are associated with an increased risk for negative consequences, including serious injury. Research has documented two types of blackouts, en bloc (EB) and fragmentary (FB). However, research is limited by the lack of a validated measure that differentiates between these two forms of blackout. This study used a mixed-methods approach to improve the assessment of FB and EB among young adults. Specifically, we sought to improve the existing Alcohol-Induced Blackout Measure (ABOM), which was derived from a relatively small pool of items that did not distinguish FB from EB. METHODS Study 1 used three rounds of cognitive interviewing with U.S. college students (N = 31) to refine existing assessment items. Nineteen refined blackout items were retained for Study 2. Study 2 used face validity, factor analysis, item response theory, and external validation analyses to test the two-factor blackout model among U.S. heavy-drinking college students (N = 474) and to develop and validate a new blackout measure (ABOM-2). RESULTS Iterative factor analyses demonstrated that the items were well represented by correlated EB and FB factors, consistent with our hypothesis. External validation analyses demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity. These analyses also provided preliminary evidence for the two factors having differential predictive validity (e.g., FB correlated with enhancement drinking motives, while EB correlated with coping and conformity motives). CONCLUSIONS The Alcohol-Induced Blackout Measure-2 (ABOM-2) improves the measurement of blackout experiences among college students. Its use could facilitate the examination of EB and FB as differential predictors of alcohol-related outcomes in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L. Boness
- Center on Alcohol, Substance use, And Addictions, University of New Mexico,Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri
| | - Natalie Gatten
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri
| | - McKenna Treece
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri,Department of Counseling and Counseling Psychology, University of Missouri Kansas City
| | - Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri,Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri
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4
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Montag D. Retrograde Amnesia - A Question of Disturbed Calcium Levels? Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:746198. [PMID: 34975406 PMCID: PMC8718400 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.746198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrograde amnesia is the inability to remember events or information. The successful acquisition and memory of information is required before retrograde amnesia may occur. Often, the trigger for retrograde amnesia is a traumatic event. Loss of memories may be caused in two ways: either by loss/erasure of the memory itself or by the inability to access the memory, which is still present. In general, memories and learning are associated with a positive connotation although the extinction of unpleasant experiences and memories of traumatic events may be highly welcome. In contrast to the many experimental models addressing learning deficits caused by anterograde amnesia, the incapability to acquire new information, retrograde amnesia could so far only be investigated sporadically in human patients and in a limited number of model systems. Apart from models and diseases in which neurodegeneration or dementia like Alzheimer’s disease result in loss of memory, retrograde amnesia can be elicited by various drugs of which alcohol is the most prominent one and exemplifies the non-specific effects and the variable duration. External or internal impacts like traumatic brain injury, stroke, or electroconvulsive treatments may similarly result in variable degrees of retrograde amnesia. In this review, I will discuss a new genetic approach to induce retrograde amnesia in a mouse model and raise the hypothesis that retrograde amnesia is caused by altered intracellular calcium homeostasis. Recently, we observed that neuronal loss of neuroplastin resulted in retrograde amnesia specifically for associative memories. Neuroplastin is tightly linked to the expression of the main Ca2+ extruding pumps, the plasma membrane calcium ATPases (PMCAs). Therefore, neuronal loss of neuroplastin may block the retrieval and storage of associative memories by interference with Ca2+ signaling cascades. The possibility to elicit retrograde amnesia in a controlled manner allows to investigate the underlying mechanisms and may provide a deeper understanding of the molecular and circuit processes of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Montag
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
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5
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Ballestar-Tarín ML, Ibáñez-del-Valle V, Cauli O, Navarro-Martínez R. Personal and Social Consequences of Psychotropic Substance Use: A Population-Based Internet Survey. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:65. [PMID: 35056373 PMCID: PMC8777796 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Drug abuse has become a major worldwide health concern among all age groups. The present study analyses substance misuse and its social and personal consequences using a population-based internet survey in Spain. Materials and Methods: Screening for drug abuse (of alcohol, marijuana/hashish and psychostimulants) and its related risks and problems was performed using the Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble (CRAFFT) score. Socio-demographic factors, depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms as well as health habits were also evaluated. We used Linear regression methods to compare each variable's individual contribution so as to determine which one best explains the results. Results: In this population-based study, 1224 people completed and returned the online survey. Of all participants, 57% reported consuming at least one substance based on the CRAFFT scale. While increasing age reduces the probability of personal and social consequences of consumption, people who smoke receive up to three times more (OR = 3.370) recommendations from family and friends to reduce their consumption. As for the type of substance, the consumption of marijuana increases the risk of forgetting (OR = 2.33) and the consumption of other psychostimulant substances almost triples the risk of consuming alone (OR = 2.965). Combining substances can increase the rate of driving a vehicle after consumption by 3.4 times. Conclusions: Although age, smoking and the type of substances used increase the risk of suffering from social and personal consequences of the use or abuse of substances, future studies are needed to determine the influence of new variables as a potential tool for treating and minimizing the adverse consequences of drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Ballestar-Tarín
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pidal 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.L.B.-T.); (V.I.-d.-V.); (R.N.-M.)
| | - Vanessa Ibáñez-del-Valle
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pidal 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.L.B.-T.); (V.I.-d.-V.); (R.N.-M.)
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Organized Group (FROG), Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pidal 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Omar Cauli
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pidal 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.L.B.-T.); (V.I.-d.-V.); (R.N.-M.)
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Organized Group (FROG), Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pidal 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rut Navarro-Martínez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pidal 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.L.B.-T.); (V.I.-d.-V.); (R.N.-M.)
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Organized Group (FROG), Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pidal 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Pinheiro-da-Silva J, Agues-Barbosa T, Luchiari AC. Embryonic Exposure to Ethanol Increases Anxiety-Like Behavior in Fry Zebrafish. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 55:581-590. [PMID: 32886092 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is an umbrella term to describe the effects of ethanol (Eth) exposure during embryonic development, including several conditions from malformation to cognitive deficits. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a translational model popularly applied in brain disorders and drug screening studies due to its genetic and physiology homology to humans added to its transparent eggs and fast development. In this study, we investigated how early ethanol exposure affects zebrafish behavior during the initial growth phase. METHODS Fish eggs were exposed to 0.0 (control), 0.25 and 0.5% ethanol at 24 h post-fertilization. Later, fry zebrafish (10 days old) were tested in a novel tank task and an inhibitory avoidance protocol to inquire about morphology and behavioral alterations. RESULTS Analysis of variance showed that ethanol doses of 0.25 and 0.5% do not cause morphological malformations and did not impair associative learning but increased anxiety-like behavior responses and lower exploratory behavior when compared to the control. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that one can detect behavioral abnormalities in the zebrafish induced by embryonic ethanol as early as 10 days post-fertilization and that alcohol increases anxious behavior during young development in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thais Agues-Barbosa
- Department of Physiology and Behavior, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Luchiari
- Department of Physiology and Behavior, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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7
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Mindthoff A, Evans JR, Compo NS, Polanco K, Hagsand AV. No evidence that low levels of intoxication at both encoding and retrieval impact scores on the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:1633-1644. [PMID: 33646341 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE It is not uncommon for police to question alcohol-intoxicated witnesses and suspects; yet, the full extent to which intoxication impacts individuals' suggestibility in the investigative interviewing context remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The present study sought to measure the effect of alcohol-intoxication on interviewee suggestibility by implementing a standardized suggestibility test with participants whose intoxication-state was the same at both encoding and recall. METHODS We randomly assigned participants (N = 165) to an intoxicated (mean breath alcohol level [BrAC] at encoding = 0.06%, and BrAC at retrieval = 0.07%), active placebo (participants believed they consumed alcohol but only consumed an insignificant amount to enhance believability), or control (participants knowingly remained sober) group. An experimenter then implemented the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS), which produced free recall outcomes (number of correct details and memory confabulations) and suggestibility outcomes (yielding to leading questions and changing answers in response to negative feedback from the experimenter). RESULTS Intoxicated participants recalled fewer correct details than did placebo and control participants but did not make more confabulation errors. No effects of intoxication on suggestibility measures emerged. CONCLUSIONS Moderately intoxicated interviewees may not be more suggestible during investigative interviews than sober interviewees. However, before concrete evidence-based policy recommendations are made to law enforcement, further research is needed examining the effects of alcohol on suggestibility in conditions that are more reflective of the legal context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Mindthoff
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, DM 256, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, 1347 Lagomarcino Hall, 901 Stange Rd., Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jacqueline R Evans
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, DM 256, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Nadja Schreiber Compo
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, DM 256, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Karina Polanco
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, DM 256, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Angelica V Hagsand
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Haraldsgatan 1, 413 14, Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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Fang X, Deza-Araujo YI, Petzold J, Spreer M, Riedel P, Marxen M, O'Connor SJ, Zimmermann US, Smolka MN. Effects of moderate alcohol levels on default mode network connectivity in heavy drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1039-1050. [PMID: 33742481 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that even moderate levels of alcohol affect cognitive functions such as memory, self-related information processing, and response inhibition. Nevertheless, the neural mechanisms underlying these alcohol-induced changes are still unclear, especially on the network level. The default mode network (DMN) plays an important role in memory and self-initiated mental activities; hence, studying functional interactions of the DMN may provide new insights into the neural mechanisms underlying alcohol-related changes. METHODS We investigated resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the DMN in a cohort of 37 heavy drinkers at a breath alcohol concentration of 0.8 g/kg. Alcohol and saline were infused in a single-blind crossover design. RESULTS Intranetwork connectivity analyses revealed that participants showed significantly decreased rsFC of the right hippocampus and right middle temporal gyrus during acute alcohol exposure. Moreover, follow-up analyses revealed that these rsFC decreases were more pronounced in participants who reported stronger craving for alcohol. Exploratory internetwork connectivity analyses of the DMN with other resting-state networks showed no significant alcohol-induced changes, but suffered from low statistical power. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that acute alcohol exposure affects rsFC within the DMN. Functionally, this finding may be associated with impairments in memory encoding and self-referential processes commonly observed during alcohol intoxication. Future resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies might therefore also investigate memory function and test whether DMN-related connectivity changes are associated with alcohol-induced impairments or craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Fang
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yacila I Deza-Araujo
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Petzold
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maik Spreer
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp Riedel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Marxen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sean J O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ulrich S Zimmermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Addiction Medicine and Psychotherapy, Isar-Amper-Klinikum München-Ost, Haar, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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9
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Shin SK, Kaiser EE, West FD. Alcohol Induced Brain and Liver Damage: Advantages of a Porcine Alcohol Use Disorder Model. Front Physiol 2021; 11:592950. [PMID: 33488396 PMCID: PMC7818780 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.592950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is one of the most commonly abused intoxicants with 1 in 6 adults at risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) in the United States. As such, animal models have been extensively investigated with rodent AUD models being the most widely studied. However, inherent anatomical and physiological differences between rodents and humans pose a number of limitations in studying the complex nature of human AUD. For example, rodents differ from humans in that rodents metabolize alcohol rapidly and do not innately demonstrate voluntary alcohol consumption. Comparatively, pigs exhibit similar patterns observed in human AUD including voluntary alcohol consumption and intoxication behaviors, which are instrumental in establishing a more representative AUD model that could in turn delineate the risk factors involved in the development of this disorder. Pigs and humans also share anatomical similarities in the two major target organs of alcohol- the brain and liver. Pigs possess gyrencephalic brains with comparable cerebral white matter volumes to humans, thus enabling more representative evaluations of susceptibility and neural tissue damage in response to AUD. Furthermore, similarities in the liver result in a comparable rate of alcohol elimination as humans, thus enabling a more accurate extrapolation of dosage and intoxication level to humans. A porcine model of AUD possesses great translational potential that can significantly advance our current understanding of the complex development and continuance of AUD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo K Shin
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Erin E Kaiser
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Franklin D West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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10
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Rao R, Topiwala A. Alcohol use disorders and the brain. Addiction 2020; 115:1580-1589. [PMID: 32112474 DOI: 10.1111/add.15023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A diagnosis of alcohol use disorder is associated with a higher risk of dementia, but a dose-response relationship between alcohol intake consumption and cognitive impairment remains unclear. Alcohol is associated with a range of effects on the central nervous system at different doses and acts on a number of receptors. Acute disorders include Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE), traumatic brain injury, blackouts, seizures, stroke and hepatic encephalopathy. The most common manifestations of chronic alcohol consumption are Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) and alcohol-related dementia (ARD). There is limited evidence for benefit from memantine in the treatment of ARD, but stronger evidence for the use of high-dose parenteral thiamine in the progression of neuropsychiatric symptoms for WE. Accumulating evidence exists for pharmacological treatment in the prevention of hepatic encephalopathy. Rehabilitation of people with ARD may take several years, and requires an approach that addresses physical and psychosocial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rao
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Old Age Psychiatry, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Psychological Medicine and Older Adults Directorate, London, UK
| | - Anya Topiwala
- University of Oxford, Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health
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11
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Examining the relationship between social norms, alcohol-induced blackouts, and intentions to blackout among college students. Alcohol 2020; 86:35-41. [PMID: 32224219 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-induced blackouts are a common high-risk outcome of heavy episodic drinking and are considered a marker of problematic alcohol consumption. One's estimates of the prevalence and peer approval of heavy episodic drinking (i.e., social norm perception, descriptive and injunctive norms, respectively) strongly relate to high-risk alcohol consumption. However, it is unknown whether the intention to blackout and the occurrence of alcohol-induced blackouts also associates with these estimates. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the relation between participants' social norm perception and alcohol-induced blackout intentions and recent blackout history. METHOD A total of 4430 participants completed an online survey with an average age of 19.97 (SD = 1.70) years. A series of ANOVAs and a structural equation model examined the relation between social norm perception, intention to blackout, and recent blackout history. RESULTS In the structural equation model, the social norm variables (descriptive and injunctive norms) were associated with higher levels of blackout intentions and recent blackout history. The global fit indices suggest that the data fit the model, χ2 (n = 4248, 442) = 7755.90, p < .001, CFI = .96, TLI = .96, RMSEA = .06 (CI90 .061-.064). CONCLUSIONS Participants with a higher likelihood of having a past 30-day history of alcohol-induced blackouts and higher blackout intentions believed that many of their peer groups approved of certain alcohol-related behaviors and that their peer groups drink frequently and drink higher quantities. Future interventions may assess the impact of adjusting social norms on both the intention to blackout and experiencing blackouts.
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12
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Acute amnestic syndromes. J Neurol Sci 2020; 413:116781. [PMID: 32203745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute amnestic syndromes are usually rare clinical events occurring in emergency situations. Etiological diagnosis can be challenging and underlying causes diverse. They can be transient and totally reversible, or accompanied by other neurological symptoms resulting in serious and irreversible brain damage. Pathophysiology of these syndromes mainly corresponds to structural or functional alteration of memory circuits, including those in the hippocampus. One of the most frequent forms is transient global amnesia (TGA), characterized by sudden onset of anterograde amnesia lasting less than 24 hours, in the absence of other neurological signs or symptoms. Another acute and transient memory disorder is transient epileptic amnesia (TEA), due to focal crisis activity. Stroke injuries occurring at strategic memory-related sites can also present as sudden episodes of amnesia. In addition to neurological etiologies, amnesia may be a symptom of a psychiatric disorder (dissociative amnesia). Traumatic brain injuries, autoimmune encephalitis and acute toxic metabolic disorders can also cause amnesia and should be included among the differential diagnoses. In this review, we summarize the most relevant clinical findings in acute amnestic syndromes, and discuss the different ancillary tests needed to establish a correct diagnosis and management as well the best treatment options. Relevant anatomical and pathophysiological aspects underlying these conditions will be also be presented.
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Kamarajan C, Ardekani BA, Pandey AK, Chorlian DB, Kinreich S, Pandey G, Meyers JL, Zhang J, Kuang W, Stimus AT, Porjesz B. Random Forest Classification of Alcohol Use Disorder Using EEG Source Functional Connectivity, Neuropsychological Functioning, and Impulsivity Measures. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:bs10030062. [PMID: 32121585 PMCID: PMC7139327 DOI: 10.3390/bs10030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
: Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) manifest a variety of impairments that can be attributed to alterations in specific brain networks. The current study aims to identify features of EEG-based functional connectivity, neuropsychological performance, and impulsivity that can classify individuals with AUD (N = 30) from unaffected controls (CTL, N = 30) using random forest classification. The features included were: (i) EEG source functional connectivity (FC) of the default mode network (DMN) derived using eLORETA algorithm, (ii) neuropsychological scores from the Tower of London test (TOLT) and the visual span test (VST), and (iii) impulsivity factors from the Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS). The random forest model achieved a classification accuracy of 80% and identified 29 FC connections (among 66 connections per frequency band), 3 neuropsychological variables from VST (total number of correctly performed trials in forward and backward sequences and average time for correct trials in forward sequence) and all four impulsivity scores (motor, non-planning, attentional, and total) as significantly contributing to classifying individuals as either AUD or CTL. Although there was a significant age difference between the groups, most of the top variables that contributed to the classification were not significantly correlated with age. The AUD group showed a predominant pattern of hyperconnectivity among 25 of 29 significant connections, indicating aberrant network functioning during resting state suggestive of neural hyperexcitability and impulsivity. Further, parahippocampal hyperconnectivity with other DMN regions was identified as a major hub region dysregulated in AUD (13 connections overall), possibly due to neural damage from chronic drinking, which may give rise to cognitive impairments, including memory deficits and blackouts. Furthermore, hypoconnectivity observed in four connections (prefrontal nodes connecting posterior right-hemispheric regions) may indicate a weaker or fractured prefrontal connectivity with other regions, which may be related to impaired higher cognitive functions. The AUD group also showed poorer memory performance on the VST task and increased impulsivity in all factors compared to controls. Features from all three domains had significant associations with one another. These results indicate that dysregulated neural connectivity across the DMN regions, especially relating to hyperconnected parahippocampal hub as well as hypoconnected prefrontal hub, may potentially represent neurophysiological biomarkers of AUD, while poor visual memory performance and heightened impulsivity may serve as cognitive-behavioral indices of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chella Kamarajan
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.K.P.); (D.B.C.); (S.K.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (J.Z.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-718-270-2913
| | - Babak A. Ardekani
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ashwini K. Pandey
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.K.P.); (D.B.C.); (S.K.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (J.Z.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - David B. Chorlian
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.K.P.); (D.B.C.); (S.K.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (J.Z.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.K.P.); (D.B.C.); (S.K.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (J.Z.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.K.P.); (D.B.C.); (S.K.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (J.Z.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.K.P.); (D.B.C.); (S.K.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (J.Z.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.K.P.); (D.B.C.); (S.K.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (J.Z.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Weipeng Kuang
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.K.P.); (D.B.C.); (S.K.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (J.Z.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Arthur T. Stimus
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.K.P.); (D.B.C.); (S.K.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (J.Z.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.K.P.); (D.B.C.); (S.K.); (G.P.); (J.L.M.); (J.Z.); (W.K.); (A.T.S.); (B.P.)
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14
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Min EJ, Kim SG, Lee JS, Seo B, Jung WY, Huh SY, Park JH, Hong CH, Yu HJ. Difference in Cognitive Function by First Onset Age of Alcohol Induced Blackout and Its Duration. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 17:503-508. [PMID: 31671487 PMCID: PMC6852685 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2019.17.4.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective Alcohol-induced blackout (blackout) is a typical early symptom of cognitive impairment caused by drinking. However, the first onset age of blackout or the duration after onset of blackout has not been directly compared in previous studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in cognitive function to the first start age of blackouts and their duration. Methods Thirty-one male subjects were included in this study. Their age at the first blackout and the duration after the onset of blackout were investigated. Neuropsychological tests were conducted to determine their attention, memory, and executive function. Subjects were divided into three groups according to their age of the first onset blackout (group O1, < 20 years; group O2, 21–39 years; and group O3, > 40 years). Subjects were also divided into three groups by duration after the onset of blackout (P1, < 10 years; P2, 10–29 years; and P3, > 30 years). We then examined differences in neurocognitive function among these groups. Results O1 tended to have a lower memory score than O2 (F = 3.28, p = 0.053). Significant differences were observed in attention and executive function between groups P1 and P3 (Digit Span_backward: F = 6.07, p < 0.05; visual span_forward: F = 4.19, p < 0.05; executive intelligence quotient: F = 3.55, p < 0.05). Conclusion Greater memory impairment was detected in subjects having an earlier age of the first blackout. The longer the duration after the onset of blackout, the more impaired their attention and executive function skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Min
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sung-Gon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jin-Seong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Bia Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Woo-Young Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sung-Young Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | | | - Chang-Hee Hong
- Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Yu
- Department of Social Welfare & Counseling, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Korea
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Jin Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Bugok National Hospital, Changnyong, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Choel Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University School of Medicine and Haeundae Paik Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Young Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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16
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Kim KW, Kim K, Lee H, Suh BC. Ethanol Elevates Excitability of Superior Cervical Ganglion Neurons by Inhibiting Kv7 Channels in a Cell Type-Specific and PI(4,5)P 2-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4419. [PMID: 31500374 PMCID: PMC6770022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol causes diverse acute and chronic symptoms that often lead to critical health problems. Exposure to ethanol alters the activities of sympathetic neurons that control the muscles, eyes, and blood vessels in the brain. Although recent studies have revealed the cellular targets of ethanol, such as ion channels, the molecular mechanism by which alcohol modulates the excitability of sympathetic neurons has not been determined. Here, we demonstrated that ethanol increased the discharge of membrane potentials in sympathetic neurons by inhibiting the M-type or Kv7 channel consisting of the Kv7.2/7.3 subunits, which were involved in determining the membrane potential and excitability of neurons. Three types of sympathetic neurons, classified by their threshold of activation and firing patterns, displayed distinct sensitivities to ethanol, which were negatively correlated with the size of the Kv7 current that differs depending on the type of neuron. Using a heterologous expression system, we further revealed that the inhibitory effects of ethanol on Kv7.2/7.3 currents were facilitated or diminished by adjusting the amount of plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2). These results suggested that ethanol and PI(4,5)P2 modulated gating of the Kv7 channel in superior cervical ganglion neurons in an antagonistic manner, leading to regulation of the membrane potential and neuronal excitability, as well as the physiological functions mediated by sympathetic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwon-Woo Kim
- Department of Brain and cognitive sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Keetae Kim
- Department of New biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Hyosang Lee
- Department of Brain and cognitive sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Byung-Chang Suh
- Department of Brain and cognitive sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea.
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17
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Van Skike CE, Goodlett C, Matthews DB. Acute alcohol and cognition: Remembering what it causes us to forget. Alcohol 2019; 79:105-125. [PMID: 30981807 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Addiction has been conceptualized as a specific form of memory that appropriates typically adaptive neural mechanisms of learning to produce the progressive spiral of drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior, perpetuating the path to addiction through aberrant processes of drug-related learning and memory. From that perspective, to understand the development of alcohol use disorders, it is critical to identify how a single exposure to alcohol enters into or alters the processes of learning and memory, so that involvement of and changes in neuroplasticity processes responsible for learning and memory can be identified early. This review characterizes the effects produced by acute alcohol intoxication as a function of brain region and memory neurocircuitry. In general, exposure to ethanol doses that produce intoxicating effects causes consistent impairments in learning and memory processes mediated by specific brain circuitry, whereas lower doses either have no effect or produce a facilitation of memory under certain task conditions. Therefore, acute ethanol does not produce a global impairment of learning and memory, and can actually facilitate particular types of memory, perhaps particular types of memory that facilitate the development of excessive alcohol use. In addition, the effects on cognition are dependent on brain region, task demands, dose received, pharmacokinetics, and tolerance. Additionally, we explore the underlying alterations in neurophysiology produced by acute alcohol exposure that help to explain these changes in cognition and highlight future directions for research. Through understanding the impact that acute alcohol intoxication has on cognition, the preliminary changes potentially causing a problematic addiction memory can better be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice E Van Skike
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78245, United States
| | - Charles Goodlett
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - Douglas B Matthews
- Division of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, 54702, United States.
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18
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Khalil R, Humann J. Testosterone modulation of ethanol effects on the �‑opioid receptor kinetics in castrated rats. Biomed Rep 2019; 11:103-109. [PMID: 31423304 PMCID: PMC6684941 DOI: 10.3892/br.2019.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the effects of testosterone on ethanol-induced alterations of µ-opioid receptor binding kinetics in specific brain regions of castrated rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats (100-124 g) adapted to a 12-h light/dark cycle were used. Animals were castrated under pentobarbital anesthesia. After a recovery period of 14 days, ethanol [3 g/kg as 22.5% solution in saline via intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)], testosterone [2.5 mg in 0.2 ml of olive oil via subcutaneous injection (s.c.) in the dorsal neck region] or the combination of ethanol and testosterone were administered to rats at 9:00 a.m. The control group was injected i.p. with 2 ml saline and s.c. with 0.2 ml olive oil for 7 days. Animals were sacrificed by decapitation at 2 h after the final injection. The brains were immediately removed, and the cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and midbrain were dissected. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism involved in the hormonal modulation of the effects of ethanol and testosterone on the endogenous opioid system, the binding kinetics of the µ-opioid receptors were determined. The results obtained in the present study assisted in identifying the regulatory role of testosterone on ethanol-induced changes on µ-opioid receptor binding kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaat Khalil
- Department of Biology, Florida A&M University College of Science and Technology, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Jessica Humann
- Department of Biology, Florida A&M University College of Science and Technology, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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19
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Bertoncello KT, Müller TE, Fontana BD, Franscescon F, Filho GLB, Rosemberg DB. Taurine prevents memory consolidation deficits in a novel alcohol-induced blackout model in zebrafish. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 93:39-45. [PMID: 30880191 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol is one of the most consumed substance worldwide that impairs learning and memory processes, resulting in amnesia or blackout. Due to the genetic conservation, rich behavioral repertoire, and high pharmacological tractability, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a powerful model organism for assessing preventive strategies against the noxious effects of ethanol in vertebrates. Here, we used an inhibitory avoidance apparatus to investigate the potential preventive effects of taurine in a novel ethanol-induced amnesia model in zebrafish. The experimental tank consisted of two compartments of the same size, one dark and another white, which were separated by a guillotine-type door. Three parallel metal bars coupled to an electrical stimulator were connected on each lateral wall of the dark compartment as electrical stimulus source. Differences on the latency to enter the dark compartment were used as retention indexes. A mild electric shock (125 mA, 3 ± 0.2 V) at 10 and 1000 Hz did not promote significant learning, while 100 Hz facilitated memory retention. Posttraining administration of MK-801 blocked this response, reinforcing the predictive validity of the test. Treatments were performed immediately after the training session using the 100 Hz frequency. Animals were exposed to water (control), taurine (42, 150, 400 mg/L), ethanol (0.25%, 1.0% v/v) or taurine plus ethanol to assess the effects on memory consolidation. Test session was performed 24 h following training. Ethanol at 0.25% did not affect memory consolidation, but 1.0% impaired memory without changing locomotion. Although taurine alone did not modulate learning, all concentrations tested exerted prevented ethanol-induced memory impairment. Overall, we describe a novel ethanol-induced blackout model, where a high ethanol concentration acutely impairs memory consolidation in zebrafish. Moreover, since taurine showed a protective role, we reinforce the growing utility of zebrafish models for assessing the deleterious effects of ethanol and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanandra T Bertoncello
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Talise E Müller
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Barbara D Fontana
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Francini Franscescon
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Gilvan L B Filho
- Department of Biomedical Equipment. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology. s/n BR 406, Km 145. Ceará-Mirim, RN 59570-000, Brazil
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA.
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20
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Haas AL, Lorkiewicz S, Zamboanga BL. Replication of factors related to blackout incidence in U.S. high school students: A brief report. Addict Behav 2019; 93:104-107. [PMID: 30703664 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-related blackouts are a common, yet serious consequence that can result from heavy alcohol intake. This study tested a model examining whether factors identified in related samples (i.e., adolescents residing in the U.K. and U.S. college students) predicted blackouts in community-dwelling U.S. high school youth. Participants from a Northeastern U.S. high school with prior alcohol use (Mage = 16.0 years; 48.2% male, 78.0% White) completed a paper-and-pencil assessment including measures of demographics, alcohol and other substance use, externalizing behaviors, and injunctive norms about risky drinking behaviors. Hierarchical logistic regression examined which factors identified for U.K. residing adolescents (Block 1) replicated in the U.S. sample, and whether factors identified in samples of U.S. college students added additional explained variance (Block 2). Blackouts were reported by 35.6% of students. Regression results indicated that two variables previously identified in adolescents, female gender (OR = 3.26) and increased alcohol use (OR = 1.27) were associated with blackouts. College student risk factors of drinking game (DG) participation and, to a lesser degree injunctive norms for passing out, emerged as additional risk factors (ORs = 2.85 and 1.32, respectively), with the final model explaining 39% of the variance in blackouts. This study advances our understanding of blackouts in younger drinkers and identifies the importance of addressing blackouts within the context of intervention programming that addresses cognitions and high risk drinking practices like DGs.
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21
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Oorsouw K, Broers NJ, Sauerland M. Alcohol intoxication impairs eyewitness memory and increases suggestibility: Two field studies. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Oorsouw
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Forensic Psychology SectionMaastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Nick J. Broers
- Department of Methodology and StatisticsMaastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Melanie Sauerland
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Forensic Psychology SectionMaastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
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22
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Acuff SF, Voss AT, Dennhardt AA, Borsari B, Martens MP, Murphy JG. Brief Motivational Interventions Are Associated with Reductions in Alcohol-Induced Blackouts Among Heavy Drinking College Students. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:988-996. [PMID: 30973651 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-induced blackouts, a form of anterograde amnesia that restricts the encoding of short-term memories into long-term ones, are among the most severe alcohol-related consequences. College students are at high risk of experiencing alcohol-induced blackouts, and there is a need to determine whether alcohol interventions can effectively reduce blackouts in this population. The current study uses data from 3 randomized clinical trials to examine the effect of various intervention approaches on alcohol-induced blackouts. METHODS Four interventions were compared over 3 studies: (i) a computerized feedback intervention (electronic Check-Up To Go [e-Chug]; Study 1); (ii) a single-session brief motivational intervention (BMI; Study 1); (iii) a BMI plus behavioral economic session focused on increasing substance-free activities (BMI + Substance-Free Activity Session [SFAS]; Studies 2 and 3); and (iv) a BMI plus supplemental Relaxation Training session (BMI + Relaxation Training; Studies 2 and 3). Studies 1 and 3 also included an assessment-only control condition. For each study, participants reported whether they had experienced an alcohol-induced blackout at each time point; binary logistic regressions examined differential likelihood of experiencing an alcohol-induced blackout over time. RESULTS Neither the single-session BMI nor e-Chug reduced alcohol-induced blackouts over assessment only; however, participants in the BMI + SFAS or BMI + Relaxation Training condition were significantly less likely to experience an alcohol-induced blackout compared to assessment only at 1-month (Wald = 4.77, odds ratio [OR] = 0.53, p = 0.03) and 6-month follow-ups (Wald = 5.72, OR = 0.52, p = 0.02). Study 2 also revealed a larger effect for the BMI + SFAS over the BMI + Relaxation Training condition at 6 months (Wald = 4.11 OR = 0.22, p = 0.043), although this was not replicated in Study 3. The effects for the 2-session BMIs lasted 6 months, at which point maturation effects diminished differences between assessment-only and intervention conditions. CONCLUSIONS Two sessions of BMI are a substantial enough dose to result in reductions in alcohol-induced blackouts among college student heavy drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel F Acuff
- Department of Psychology , University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Andrew T Voss
- Department of Psychology , University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Brian Borsari
- Mental Health Service (116B) San Francisco VA Health Care System , San Francisco, California.,Department of Psychiatry , University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew P Martens
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology , University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - James G Murphy
- Department of Psychology , University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
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23
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Keller K, Hobohm L, Münzel T, Ostad MA. Syncope in the German Nationwide inpatient sample - Syncope in atrial fibrillation/flutter is related to pulmonary embolism and is accompanied by higher in-hospital mortality. Eur J Intern Med 2019; 62:29-36. [PMID: 30770163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Syncope is a common phenomenon in the general population. Although most of the causes are of benign origin, some comorbidities are accompanied by high mortality. We aimed to compare the in-hospital mortality of patients with syncope related to different comorbities and investigate the impact of syncope in patients with atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF). METHODS The nationwide inpatient sample of Germany of the years 2011-2014 was used for this analysis. Patients with syncope (ICD-code R55) were stratified by presence of selected comorbidities. Additionally, AF patients with and without syncope were compared. Incidence of syncope and in-hospital mortality were calculated. Syncope as a predictor of adverse outcome in AF patients was investigated. RESULTS In total, 1,628,859 hospitalizations of patients with syncope were identified; incidence was 504.6/100,000 citizens/year with case-fatality rate of 1.6%. Patients with syncope revealed frequently comorbidities as AF, heart failure and pneumonia. In-hospital mortality was high in syncope patients with pulmonary embolism (PE, 13.0%), pneumonia (12.8%), myocardial infarction (MI, 9.7%) and stroke (8.5%). We analysed 1,106,019 hospitalizations (52.9% females, 54.9% aged > 70 years) of patients with AF (2011-2014). Among these, 23,694 (2.1%) were coded with syncope and 0.7% died. Syncope had no significant impact on in-hospital mortality (OR 1.04, 95%CI 0.92-1.17, P = .503) independently of age, sex and comorbidities, but was associated with PE (OR 1.83, 95%CI 1.42-2.36, P < .001), MI (OR 1.68, 95%CI 1.48-1.90, P < .001), stroke (OR 1.66, 95%CI 1.42-1.94, P < .001) and pneumonia (OR 1.26, 95%CI 1.16-1.37, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Syncope is a frequent cause for referrals in hospitals. While the overall in-hospital mortality rate is low (<2%), syncope in coprevalence with PE, pneumonia, MI and stroke showed a mortality rate > 8%. Syncope in AF patients had no independent impact on in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Keller
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), Mainz, Germany; Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), Mainz, Germany.
| | - Lukas Hobohm
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), Mainz, Germany; Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), Mainz, Germany; Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mir Abolfazl Ostad
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), Mainz, Germany
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How elevated blood alcohol concentration level and identification format affect eyewitness memory: A field study. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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25
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Two field studies on the effects of alcohol on eyewitness identification, confidence, and decision times. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Norberg MM, Newins AR, Henry A. The Timeline Followback Reliably Assesses Caffeinated Alcohol Beverage Consumption and Outcomes: Caffeinated Alcoholic Beverages Increase Risk. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2018.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. Norberg
- Department of Psychology, Center for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amie R. Newins
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Alastair Henry
- Department of Psychology, Center for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
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Altman CM, Schreiber Compo N, McQuiston D, Hagsand AV, Cervera J. Witnesses’ memory for events and faces under elevated levels of intoxication. Memory 2018; 26:946-959. [DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1445758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dawn McQuiston
- Department of Psychology, Wofford College, Spartanburg, SC, USA
| | - Angelica V. Hagsand
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jiselle Cervera
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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29
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Hermens DF, Lagopoulos J. Binge Drinking and the Young Brain: A Mini Review of the Neurobiological Underpinnings of Alcohol-Induced Blackout. Front Psychol 2018; 9:12. [PMID: 29403418 PMCID: PMC5780446 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge drinking has significant effects on memory, particularly with regards to the transfer of information to long-term storage. Partial or complete blocking of memory formation is known as blackout. Youth represents a critical period in brain development that is particularly vulnerable to alcohol misuse. Animal models show that the adolescent brain is more vulnerable to the acute and chronic effects of alcohol compared with the adult brain. This mini-review addresses the neurobiological underpinnings of binge drinking and associated memory loss (blackout) in the adolescent and young adult period. Although the extent to which there are pre-existing versus alcohol-induced neurobiological changes remains unclear, it is likely that repetitive binge drinking in youth has detrimental effects on cognitive and social functioning. Given its role in learning and memory, the hippocampus is a critical region with neuroimaging research showing notable changes in this structure associated with alcohol misuse in young people. There is a great need for earlier identification of biological markers associated with alcohol-related brain damage. As a means to assess in vivo neurochemistry, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has emerged as a particularly promising technique since changes in neurometabolites often precede gross structural changes. Thus, the current paper addresses how MRS biomarkers of neurotransmission (glutamate, GABA) and oxidative stress (indexed by depleted glutathione) in the hippocampal region of young binge drinkers may underlie propensity for blackouts and other memory impairments. MRS biomarkers may have particular utility in determining the acute versus longer-term effects of binge drinking in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F. Hermens
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
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30
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Thorley C, Christiansen P. The impact of own and others' alcohol consumption on social contagion following a collaborative memory task. Memory 2017; 26:727-740. [PMID: 29141512 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2017.1404110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
When one person alters his or her recollection of an event to be consistent with another person's erroneous account of the same event, social contagion has occurred. In two studies, we examined whether alcohol consumption influences the degree to which people engage in social contagion. In Study 1, participants consumed alcohol, an alcohol placebo, or a soft drink and then completed a collaborative recall test with a confederate who consumed a soft drink. In Study 2, participants consumed a soft drink and then completed a collaborative recall test with a confederate they believed had consumed a soft drink or alcohol (but no alcohol was ever consumed). In both studies, the confederate made scripted errors during the collaborative recall test. On post-collaborative individual recall and recognition tests, participants in both studies engaged in social contagion by including the confederate's errors in their own recollection. In Study 1, the drink participants consumed had no influence on social contagion. In Study 2, participants were less likely to engage in social contagion after collaborating with a confederate who had seemingly consumed alcohol. That same confederate was viewed as less accurate, trustworthy, and credible, which likely made participants less inclined to engage in social contagion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Thorley
- a Department of Psychology , James Cook University , Townsville , Australia
| | - Paul Christiansen
- b Department of Psychological Sciences , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , England
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31
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Haas AL, Barthel JM, Taylor S. Sex and Drugs and Starting School: Differences in Precollege Alcohol-Related Sexual Risk Taking by Gender and Recent Blackout Activity. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2017; 54:741-751. [PMID: 27715330 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2016.1228797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Research has demonstrated a link between alcohol use and multiple forms of risky sexual behavior, particularly among college-age individuals. Studies have also linked heavy alcohol use to other problems, such as impaired consciousness resulting from an alcohol-induced blackout, which may impact sexual decision making. However, research has rarely examined sexual risk taking (SRT) in relation to blackouts, nor has it examined this construct during the precollege transition (i.e., the interval of time between high school graduation and college matriculation). This study examined the intersection between alcohol-involved SRT, blackouts, and gender in a sample of precollege individuals with prior alcohol use (N = 229; 54% male, 63% White). Results indicated that, despite drinking less per occasion, women reporting recent blackouts were at increased risk for experiencing unwanted, unsafe, and regretted sexual behaviors compared to men with recent blackouts and their peers with no recent blackouts. Women with recent blackouts also reported differences in alcohol expectancies that may increase their risk for experiencing negative consequences while drinking, including higher social expectancies and lower negative expectancies of danger. Future directions for research and implications for precollege interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie L Haas
- a Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto University
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Bray JG, Roberts AJ, Gruol DL. Transgenic mice with increased astrocyte expression of CCL2 show altered behavioral effects of alcohol. Neuroscience 2017; 354:88-100. [PMID: 28431906 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Emerging research provides strong evidence that activation of CNS glial cells occurs in neurological diseases and brain injury and results in elevated production of neuroimmune factors. These factors can contribute to pathophysiological processes that lead to altered CNS function. Recently, studies have also shown that both acute and chronic alcohol consumption can produce activation of CNS glial cells and the production of neuroimmune factors, particularly the chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). The consequences of alcohol-induced increases in CCL2 levels in the CNS have yet to be fully elucidated. Our studies focus on the hypothesis that increased levels of CCL2 in the CNS produce neuroadaptive changes that modify the actions of alcohol on the CNS. We utilized behavioral testing in transgenic mice that express elevated levels of CCL2 to test this hypothesis. The increased level of CCL2 in the transgenic mice involves increased astrocyte expression. Transgenic mice and their non-transgenic littermate controls were subjected to one of two alcohol exposure paradigms, a two-bottle choice alcohol drinking procedure that does not produce alcohol dependence or a chronic intermittent alcohol procedure that produces alcohol dependence. Several behavioral tests were carried out including the Barnes maze, Y-maze, cued and contextual conditioned fear test, light-dark transfer, and forced swim test. Comparisons between alcohol naïve, non-dependent, and alcohol-dependent CCL2 transgenic and non-transgenic mice show that elevated levels of CCL2 in the CNS interact with alcohol in tests for alcohol drinking, spatial learning, and associative learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer G Bray
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amanda J Roberts
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Donna L Gruol
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Tran S, Chow H, Tsang B, Facciol A, Gandhi P, Desai P, Gerlai R. Zebrafish Are Able to Detect Ethanol in Their Environment. Zebrafish 2017; 14:126-132. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Tran
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hayden Chow
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Benjamin Tsang
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
| | - Amanda Facciol
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
| | - Prabhlene Gandhi
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
| | - Priyanka Desai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
| | - Robert Gerlai
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
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34
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KONTRO TITTAKATARIINA, SARNA SEPPO, KAPRIO JAAKKO, KUJALA URHOM. Use of Alcohol and Alcohol-Related Morbidity in Finnish Former Elite Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:492-499. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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35
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Gilpin NW, Weiner JL. Neurobiology of comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol-use disorder. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 16:15-43. [PMID: 27749004 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol-use disorder (AUD) are highly comorbid in humans. Although we have some understanding of the structural and functional brain changes that define each of these disorders, and how those changes contribute to the behavioral symptoms that define them, little is known about the neurobiology of comorbid PTSD and AUD, which may be due in part to a scarcity of adequate animal models for examining this research question. The goal of this review is to summarize the current state-of-the-science on comorbid PTSD and AUD. We summarize epidemiological data documenting the prevalence of this comorbidity, review what is known about the potential neurobiological basis for the frequent co-occurrence of PTSD and AUD and discuss successes and failures of past and current treatment strategies. We also review animal models that aim to examine comorbid PTSD and AUD, highlighting where the models parallel the human condition, and we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each model. We conclude by discussing key gaps in our knowledge and strategies for addressing them: in particular, we (1) highlight the need for better animal models of the comorbid condition and better clinical trial design, (2) emphasize the need for examination of subpopulation effects and individual differences and (3) urge cross-talk between basic and clinical researchers that is reflected in collaborative work with forward and reverse translational impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Gilpin
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA.,Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - J L Weiner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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36
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Evaluation of Low versus High Volume per Minute Displacement CO₂ Methods of Euthanasia in the Induction and Duration of Panic-Associated Behavior and Physiology. Animals (Basel) 2016; 6:ani6080045. [PMID: 27490573 PMCID: PMC4997270 DOI: 10.3390/ani6080045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current recommendations for the use of CO ₂ as a euthanasia agent for rats require the use of gradual fill protocols (such as 10% to 30% volume displacement per minute) in order to render the animal insensible prior to exposure to levels of CO ₂ that are associated with pain. However, exposing rats to CO ₂ , concentrations as low as 7% CO ₂ are reported to cause distress and 10%-20% CO ₂ induces panic-associated behavior and physiology, but loss of consciousness does not occur until CO ₂ concentrations are at least 40%. This suggests that the use of the currently recommended low flow volume per minute displacement rates create a situation where rats are exposed to concentrations of CO ₂ that induce anxiety, panic, and distress for prolonged periods of time. This study first characterized the response of male rats exposed to normoxic 20% CO ₂ for a prolonged period of time as compared to room air controls. It demonstrated that rats exposed to this experimental condition displayed clinical signs consistent with significantly increased panic-associated behavior and physiology during CO ₂ exposure. When atmospheric air was then again delivered, there was a robust increase in respiration rate that coincided with rats moving to the air intake. The rats exposed to CO ₂ also displayed behaviors consistent with increased anxiety in the behavioral testing that followed the exposure. Next, this study assessed the behavioral and physiologic responses of rats that were euthanized with 100% CO ₂ infused at 10%, 30%, or 100% volume per minute displacement rates. Analysis of the concentrations of CO ₂ and oxygen in the euthanasia chamber and the behavioral responses of the rats suggest that the use of the very low flow volume per minute displacement rate (10%) may prolong the duration of panicogenic ranges of ambient CO ₂ , while the use of the higher flow volume per minute displacement rate (100%) increases agitation. Therefore, of the volume displacement per minute rates evaluated, this study suggests that 30% minimizes the potential pain and distress experienced by the animal.
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Hagsand AV, Roos Af Hjelmsäter E, Granhag PA, Fahlke C, Söderpalm Gordh A. Witnesses stumbling down memory lane: The effects of alcohol intoxication, retention interval, and repeated interviewing. Memory 2016; 25:531-543. [PMID: 27249626 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2016.1191652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Intoxicated eyewitnesses are often discredited by investigators and in court, but few studies have examined how alcohol affects witnesses' memory. The primary aim of the present study was to examine how intoxication (alcohol vs. control), retention interval (immediate vs. one week delay), and number of interviews (one vs. two interviews) affect witnesses' memory. The participants (N = 99) were randomly assigned to consume either orange juice or alcohol mixed with orange juice, and they all witnessed a filmed mock crime afterwards. The recall took place either (a) immediately and after a one week delay or (b) after a one week delay only. No main effect of alcohol was found on the quantity or quality of the witnesses' statements. Both intoxicated and sober witnesses recalled more details, and were more accurate, during immediate compared to delayed recall. For witnesses interviewed twice, an average of 30% new details were provided in the second compared to the first interview, and these were highly accurate. In sum, contrary to what one can expect, intoxicated witnesses with a low to moderate blood alcohol concentration (below 0.10%) were reliable witnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica V Hagsand
- a Department of Psychology , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden.,b Department of Psychology , Florida International University , Miami , FL , USA
| | | | - Pär Anders Granhag
- a Department of Psychology , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden.,c Department of Psychology , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.,d Norwegian Police University College , Oslo , Norway
| | - Claudia Fahlke
- a Department of Psychology , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Anna Söderpalm Gordh
- e Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
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Wetherill RR, Fromme K. Alcohol-Induced Blackouts: A Review of Recent Clinical Research with Practical Implications and Recommendations for Future Studies. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:922-35. [PMID: 27060868 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-induced blackouts, or memory loss for all or portions of events that occurred during a drinking episode, are reported by approximately 50% of drinkers and are associated with a wide range of negative consequences, including injury and death. As such, identifying the factors that contribute to and result from alcohol-induced blackouts is critical in developing effective prevention programs. Here, we provide an updated review (2010 to 2015) of clinical research focused on alcohol-induced blackouts, outline practical and clinical implications, and provide recommendations for future research. METHODS A comprehensive, systematic literature review was conducted to examine all articles published between January 2010 through August 2015 that focused on vulnerabilities, consequences, and possible mechanisms for alcohol-induced blackouts. RESULTS Twenty-six studies reported on alcohol-induced blackouts. Fifteen studies examined prevalence and/or predictors of alcohol-induced blackouts. Six publications described the consequences of alcohol-induced blackouts, and 5 studies explored potential cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced blackouts. CONCLUSIONS Recent research on alcohol-induced blackouts suggests that individual differences, not just alcohol consumption, increase the likelihood of experiencing an alcohol-induced blackout, and the consequences of alcohol-induced blackouts extend beyond the consequences related to the drinking episode to include psychiatric symptoms and neurobiological abnormalities. Prospective studies and a standardized assessment of alcohol-induced blackouts are needed to fully characterize factors associated with alcohol-induced blackouts and to improve prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reagan R Wetherill
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Studies of Addiction, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kim Fromme
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Connell M. Expert testimony in sexual assault cases: Alcohol intoxication and memory. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2015; 42-43:98-105. [PMID: 26372634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
At court-martial tribunals in the United States military, cases involving alcohol facilitated sexual assault often pivot on the alleged victim's level of intoxication or impairment and ability to consent to the sexual act. These cases frequently arise following a night of partying and heavy drinking among a group of friends and acquaintances, military and civilian. The determination of whether a sexual act was consensual may rest on estimates of the alleged victim's blood alcohol concentration and related behavioral indicia of impairment. Expert testimony may be presented by the prosecution and/or the defense, from forensic toxicologists and psychiatrists or psychologists regarding the potential involvement of alcohol and its impact on the participants relevant to the charges at court-martial. A review of the state of the science is offered to bring such testimony into perspective. Appellate cases illustrate that the experts' testimony may sometimes elucidate, sometimes obfuscate, and sometimes exceed professional expertise and invade the province of the factfinder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Connell
- 2830 S. Hulen Street, No. 375, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA.
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40
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Bae HC, Hong S, Jang SI, Lee KS, Park EC. Patterns of Alcohol Consumption and Suicidal Behavior: Findings From the Fourth and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2007-2011). J Prev Med Public Health 2015; 48:142-50. [PMID: 26081651 PMCID: PMC4484278 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.14.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between suicidal behavior and patterns of alcohol consumption in Korean adults. Methods: This study was based on data provided by the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey from 2007 to 2011. A total of 42 347 subjects were included in the study, of whom 19 292 were male and 23 055 were female. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between patterns of alcohol consumption and suicidal behavior. Results: Among the study subjects, 1426 males (11.3%) and 3599 females (21.2%) had experienced suicidal ideation, and 106 males (0.8%) and 190 females (1.1%) had attempted suicide during the previous 12 months. Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores were found to be associated with suicidal ideation in males and associated with both suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in females. Alcoholic blackouts were associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in males, and were also associated with suicidal ideation in females. Conclusions: In this study, we found that certain patterns of alcohol consumption were associated with suicidal behaviors. In particular, only alcoholic blackouts and categorized AUDIT scores were found to be associated with suicidal behavior in males. We therefore suggest that further research is needed to examine this relationship prospectively and in other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Chul Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seri Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-In Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Sig Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ramachandran B, Ahmed S, Zafar N, Dean C. Ethanol inhibits long-term potentiation in hippocampal CA1 neurons, irrespective of lamina and stimulus strength, through neurosteroidogenesis. Hippocampus 2014; 25:106-18. [PMID: 25155179 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol inhibits memory encoding and the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA1 neurons of the hippocampus. Hippocampal LTP at Schaffer collateral synapses onto CA1 pyramidal neurons has been widely studied as a cellular model of learning and memory, but there is striking heterogeneity in the underlying molecular mechanisms in distinct regions and in response to distinct stimuli. Basal and apical dendrites differ in terms of innervation, input specificity, and molecular mechanisms of LTP induction and maintenance, and different stimuli determine distinct molecular pathways of potentiation. However, lamina or stimulus-dependent effects of ethanol on LTP have not been investigated. Here, we tested the effect of acute application of 60 mM ethanol on LTP induction in distinct dendritic compartments (apical versus basal) of CA1 neurons, and in response to distinct stimulation paradigms (single versus repeated, spaced high frequency stimulation). We found that ethanol completely blocks LTP in apical dendrites, whereas it reduces the magnitude of LTP in basal dendrites. Acute ethanol treatment for just 15 min altered pre- and post-synaptic protein expression. Interestingly, ethanol increases the neurosteroid allopregnanolone, which causes ethanol-dependent inhibition of LTP, more prominently in apical dendrites, where ethanol has greater effects on LTP. This suggests that ethanol has general effects on fundamental properties of synaptic plasticity, but the magnitude of its effect on LTP differs depending on hippocampal sub-region and stimulus strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binu Ramachandran
- Trans-Synaptic Signaling Group, European Neuroscience Institute (ENI), Grisebachstrasse 5, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
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Barnett NP, Clerkin EM, Wood M, Monti PM, O'Leary Tevyaw T, Corriveau D, Fingeret A, Kahler CW. Description and predictors of positive and negative alcohol-related consequences in the first year of college. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2014; 75:103-14. [PMID: 24411802 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2014.75.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to establish the frequency of positive and negative alcohol-related consequences during the first year of college and to evaluate gender, race/ethnicity, time of year, alcohol use, and intoxication as predictors of consequences using frequent assessments. METHOD Participants (N = 1,053; 57.5% female) completed biweekly assessments of alcohol use and positive and negative alcohol-related consequences throughout the year. RESULTS The majority of drinkers reported both positive and negative consequences. Having a good time and feeling less stressed were the most commonly reported positive consequences. Blackouts and getting physically sick were the most commonly endorsed negative consequences. At the weekly level, number of drinking days, drinks per drinking day, and estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC, reflecting intoxication) were significantly related to all consequences after controlling for demographics and time of year. Negative consequences had stronger associations with number of drinks and eBAC than positive consequences did. With each additional drink consumed on a drinking day, the incidence of negative consequences more than doubled (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 2.34, 95% CI [2.19, 2.50]), whereas the incidence of positive consequences increased by about half (IRR = 1.51, 95% CI [1.47, 1.56]). The consequence with the largest gender difference was regretted sex, with women reporting it more often. Few racial/ethnic differences were found in report of negative consequences. Greater positive and negative consequences were endorsed at the beginning of both academic semesters. CONCLUSIONS As number of drinks and eBAC increase, the relative odds of a negative consequence are higher than that of a positive consequence. Alcohol interventions could promote greater awareness of the likelihood of specific consequences and could highlight that positive consequences are associated with lower levels of drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy P Barnett
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Mark Wood
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Peter M Monti
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Tracy O'Leary Tevyaw
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Donald Corriveau
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts
| | - Allan Fingeret
- Department of Psychology, Rhode Island College, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Christopher W Kahler
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Giannoni-Guzmán MA, Giray T, Agosto-Rivera JL, Stevison BK, Freeman B, Ricci P, Brown EA, Abramson CI. Ethanol-induced effects on sting extension response and punishment learning in the western honey bee (Apis mellifera). PLoS One 2014; 9:e100894. [PMID: 24988309 PMCID: PMC4079248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ethanol administration is associated with sedation and analgesia as well as behavioral disinhibition and memory loss but the mechanisms underlying these effects remain to be elucidated. During the past decade, insects have emerged as important model systems to understand the neural and genetic bases of alcohol effects. However, novel assays to assess ethanol's effects on complex behaviors in social or isolated contexts are necessary. Here we used the honey bee as an especially relevant model system since bees are typically exposed to ethanol in nature when collecting standing nectar crop of flowers, and there is recent evidence for independent biological significance of this exposure for social behavior. Bee's inhibitory control of the sting extension response (SER) and a conditioned-place aversion assay were used to study ethanol effects on analgesia, behavioral disinhibition, and associative learning. Our findings indicate that although ethanol, in a dose-dependent manner, increases SER thresholds (analgesic effects), it disrupts the ability of honey bees to inhibit SER and to associate aversive stimuli with their environment. These results suggest that ethanol's effects on analgesia, behavioral disinhibition and associative learning are common across vertebrates and invertebrates. These results add to the use of honey bees as an ethanol model to understand ethanol's effects on complex, socially relevant behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tugrul Giray
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Blake K. Stevison
- Laboratory of Behavioral Biology and Comparative Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Brett Freeman
- Laboratory of Behavioral Biology and Comparative Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Paige Ricci
- Laboratory of Behavioral Biology and Comparative Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Erika A. Brown
- Laboratory of Behavioral Biology and Comparative Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Charles I. Abramson
- Laboratory of Behavioral Biology and Comparative Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review serves as an overview of neurologic conditions associated with alcohol abuse or withdrawal, including epidemiology, clinical symptoms, diagnostic approach, and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Frequent alcohol abuse and frank alcoholism are very common among adults in the United States. Although rates decline with each decade, as many as 10% of the elderly drink excessively. Given the ubiquitous nature of alcoholism in society, its complications have been clinically recognized for generations, with recent advances focusing on improved understanding of ethanol's biochemical targets and the pathophysiology of its complications. SUMMARY The chronic effects of alcohol abuse are myriad and include neurologic complications through both direct and indirect effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems. These disorders include several encephalopathic states related to alcohol intoxication, withdrawal, and related nutritional deficiencies; acute and chronic toxic and nutritional peripheral neuropathies; and myopathy. Although prevention of alcoholism and its neurologic complications is the optimal strategy, this article reviews the specific treatment algorithms for alcohol withdrawal and its related nutritional deficiency states.
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Inebriation, drinking motivations and sexual risk taking among sexually transmitted disease clinic patients in St. Petersburg, Russia. AIDS Behav 2013; 17:1144-50. [PMID: 22139416 PMCID: PMC3585957 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-011-0091-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether inebriation was associated with having non-main partners and unprotected sex with non-main partners and whether drinking motivations were associated with sexual risk behaviors among patients attending an STD clinic in St Petersburg, Russia. A cross-sectional behavior survey was applied to 362 participants between 2008 and 2009. Multivariate logistic regression was used for analysis. At-risk drinking per Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) criteria (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4–4.4) was independently associated with having non-main sexual partners. Inebriation (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.3–8.1) but not at-risk drinking or drinking prior to sex was associated with unprotected sex with non-main partners. Among drinkers, the consumption of alcohol to facilitate sexual encounters (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.6–4.5) was associated with having non-main sexual partners. HIV prevention programs in Russia must address inebriation in addition to conventional patterns of problem drinking such as those measured by AUDIT-C and consider individuals’ motivations to drink that lead to sexual risk taking.
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Hagsand A, Hjelmsäter ERA, Granhag PA, Fahlke C, Söderpalm-Gordh A. Bottled memories: on how alcohol affects eyewitness recall. Scand J Psychol 2013; 54:188-95. [PMID: 23384077 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated how different doses of alcohol affected eyewitness recall. Participants (N = 126) were randomly assigned to three groups with different blood alcohol concentration (BAC), either a control group (mean BAC 0.00%, N = 42), a lower alcohol dose group (mean BAC 0.04%, N = 40), or a higher alcohol dose group (mean BAC 0.06%, N = 44). After consumption, participants witnessed a movie of a mock crime and were interviewed one week later. The main results showed that witnesses with the higher intoxication level recalled fewer details compared to witnesses with the lower intoxication level. The amount of alcohol consumed did not have an impact on the accuracy rate. No sex differences were found. The results are discussed in the light of past research. We conclude that more studies are needed before recommendations can be made to an applied setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Hagsand
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Haraldsgatan 1, Gotherburg, Sweden.
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Kim JW, Lee DY, Lee BC, Jung MH, Kim H, Choi YS, Choi IG. Alcohol and cognition in the elderly: a review. Psychiatry Investig 2012; 9:8-16. [PMID: 22396679 PMCID: PMC3285745 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2012.9.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Revised: 07/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of large amounts of alcohol is known to have negative effects, but consumption in smaller amounts may be protective. The effect of alcohol may be greater in the elderly than in younger adults, particularly with regard to cognition. However, the drinking pattern that will provide optimal protection against dementia and cognitive decline in the elderly has not been systematically investigated. The present paper is a critical review of research on the effect of alcohol on cognitive function and dementia in the elderly. Studies published from 1971 to 2011 related to alcohol and cognition in the elderly were reviewed using a PubMed search. Alcohol may have both a neurotoxic and neuroprotective effect. Longitudinal and brain imaging studies in the elderly show that excessive alcohol consumption may increase the risk of cognitive dysfunction and dementia, but low to moderate alcohol intake may protect against cognitive decline and dementia and provide cardiovascular benefits. Evidence suggesting that low to moderate alcohol consumption in the elderly protects against cognitive decline and dementia exists; however, because of varying methodology and a lack of standardized definitions, these findings should be interpreted with caution. It is important to conduct more, well-designed studies to identify the alcohol drinking pattern that will optimally protect the elderly against cognitive decline and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Wook Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Hallym University Burn Institute, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boung Chul Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Hallym University Burn Institute, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hun Jung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Hano Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keyo Hospital, Uiwang, Korea
| | - Yong Sung Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, St. Andrew's Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Icheon, Korea
| | - Ihn-Geun Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Hallym University Burn Institute, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
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Min JA, Kim DJ, Lee CU. Alcohol and brain health: from mechanisms to interventions. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2010. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2010.53.12.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ah Min
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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