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Stufano A, Foti C, Lovreglio P, Romita P, De Marco A, Lia RP, Otranto D, Iatta R. Occupational risk of cutaneous larva migrans: A case report and a systematic literature review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010330. [PMID: 35551315 PMCID: PMC9098051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a parasitic zoonosis of warm tropical and subtropical areas, although autochthonous cases have been increasingly reported in Western European countries. Data on the prevalence of CLM as an occupational disease in workers exposed to potentially contaminated soil or in close contact with dogs and cats are scant. Herein, we report an autochthonous case of CLM in a dog breeder from southern Italy (Apulia region), along with a systematic literature review describing the risk of CLM infection, mainly according to job categories. The patient was referred to the dermatology unit presenting a serpiginous lesion on his hand, raising the suspected CLM diagnosis. In non-endemic areas, CLM might represent a challenge for physicians in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, particularly in workplaces. The multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis of CLM with the involvement of different scientific competences (i.e., dermatologists, veterinarians, and occupational physicians) may contribute to further assess the distribution of human CLM and associated risk factors, toward reducing the risk for the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Stufano
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Foti
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Dermatological Clinic, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Lovreglio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Paolo Romita
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Dermatological Clinic, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Aurora De Marco
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Dermatological Clinic, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Roberta Iatta
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Survey on the Presence of Bacterial, Fungal and Helminthic Agents in Off-Leash Dog Parks Located in Urban Areas in Central-Italy. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061685. [PMID: 34198875 PMCID: PMC8229923 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Off-leash dog parks are designated, generally fenced, public spaces where dogs can move freely under the supervision of their owners. These areas, allowing animals to socialize and run free, play a fundamental role in dogs’ welfare. However, such environments may be a source of different pathogens, even zoonotic, excreted by the attending animals. The present study evaluated the occurrence of bacterial, fungal, and parasitic pathogens in off-leash dog parks located in Florence (central Italy). Yersinia spp., Listeria innocua, Toxocara canis eggs and Ancylostoma caninum/Uncinaria stenocephala eggs were found in canine feces. Keratinophilic geophilic fungi (mostly Microsporum gypseum/A. incurvatum, Microsporum canis in a single case) were recovered from soil. Trichosporon sp. and Geotrichum candidum were isolated from two water samples. The obtained results suggest that, despite the not negligible canine fecal contamination of selected areas (feces were found in 88.5% of the parks), attending dogs did not act as important carriers for the investigated pathogens, although examined off-leash dog parks may represent a risk for the spreading of some dermatophytoses to both pets and their owners. Thus, in a One-Health perspective, periodical examinations to detect the main bacteriological, parasitological and mycological pathogens in different samples collected in off-leash dog parks are recommended. Abstract Off-leash dog parks are designated public spaces where dogs can move freely, under their owners’ supervision. These areas, allowing animals to socialize and move freely, are fundamental for dogs’ welfare. However, different pathogens, even zoonotic, may be excreted by the attending animals and contaminate the environment. The aim of the present study was to verify the occurrence of bacterial, fungal and parasitic pathogens in off-leash dog parks located in Florence (central Italy). Between March and May 2019, 83 fecal samples, 43 soil samples and 23 water samples (from fountains and puddles) collected from 26 off-leash fenced areas were examined. Fecal samples scored positive for Yersinia spp. (n = 7), Listeria innocua (n = 4), Toxocara canis eggs (n = 2) and Ancylostoma caninum/Uncinaria stenocephala eggs (n = 1). Keratinophilic geophilic fungi (mostly Microsporum gypseum /A. incurvatum) were recovered from 43 soil samples belonging to 23 out of 26 parks, along with Microsporum canis in a single case. Prototheca spp. was never isolated from water samples, while Trichosporon sp. was cultured in two cases, alone and in association with Geotrichum candidum. These results show that dogs did not act as important carriers for the investigated bacterial and parasitic pathogens, although examined areas may represent a risk for the spreading of some dermatophytoses to both pets and their owners. Periodical examinations to assess the main bacteriological, parasitological and mycological pathogens in different samples collected in off-leash dog parks should be carried out in a One-Health perspective.
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Sukon P, Nam NH, Kittipreeya P, Sara-In A, Wawilai P, Inchuai R, Weerakhun S. Global prevalence of chlamydial infections in birds: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Vet Med 2021; 192:105370. [PMID: 33984601 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chamydia species are bacterial pathogens that can infect a wide range of animal hosts including humans. In birds, Chlamydia psittaci is a leading cause of chlamydial infections (avian chlamydiosis) and is a zoonotic pathogen causing human psittacosis. The objectives of this study were to estimate the global prevalence of chlamydial infections in birds, to assess heterogeneity of the prevalence for some particular characteristics (continents, bird orders, specimen types, and diagnostic techniques), and to determine the trend of the prevalence over time. The relevant citations on the prevalence of chlamydial infections in birds were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Titles and abstracts of the retrieved citations were screened for possible eligibility. Then, full-texts of eligible articles were assessed for data extraction. A random effects model was used for estimating the global prevalence of chlamydial infections in birds and for all other meta-analyses. Subgroup meta-analysis was used to assess heterogeneity of the prevalence for the characteristics mentioned above. Meta-regression analysis and cumulative meta-analysis were used to determine the trend of the prevalence over time. The quality of each included study was also evaluated. Of 579 citations, 74 studies (a total of 39,225 bird samples from 26 countries, five continents) were included in meta-analysis. Almost all included studies reported birds with C. psittaci infections. The global prevalence of chlamydial infections in birds was 19.5 % (95 % CI, 16.3 %-23.1 %). No significant differences of the prevalence were observed among continents, the prevalence ranged from 16.5 % (95 % CI, 9.8 %-26.5 %) in South America to 21.7 % (95 % CI, 12.1 %-35.9 %) in North America. No significant differences of the prevalence were observed among bird orders, the prevalence ranged from 13.4 % (95 % CI, 7.0 %-23.9 %) in Passeriformes to 32.0 % (95 % CI, 20.6 %-46.1 %) in Galliformes. No significant differences of the prevalence were observed between specimen types; the prevalence was 18.4 % (95 % CI, 15.2 %-22.2 %) for live specimens and 26.3 % (95 % CI, 17.1 %-38.1 %) for carcass specimens. The prevalence was significantly higher in non-PCR techniques (29.5 %, [95 % CI, 22.4 %-37.8 %]) than in PCR techniques (15.3 %, [95 % CI, 12.1 %-19.1 %]). The cumulative evidence showed that the prevalence of chlamydial infections in birds has been relatively stable around 20 % since 2012. This study indicates that the global prevalence of chlamydial infections in birds is quite high and all bird orders are potential sources for human psittacosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peerapol Sukon
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Research and Development on Toxic Substances, Microorganisms and Feed Additives in Livestock and Aquatic Animals for Food Safety, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Nguyen Hoai Nam
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Viet Nam
| | | | | | | | - Rawikan Inchuai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
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Leon IF, Strothmann AL, Islabão CL, Jeske S, Villela MM. Geohelminths in the soil of the Laguna dos Patos in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2020; 80:839-843. [PMID: 31826079 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.222590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at examining the prevalence of eggs and larvae of parasites - that may cause diseases to humans and other animals - in the soil of public squares located on the shore of Laranjal beaches, in the Laguna dos Patos, in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Four fieldwork trips - one per season - were taken to collect samples on six squares built on the shore of these beaches. Five samples of soil were collected on every square on every fieldwork trip. The material was processed by Caldwell & Caldwell's technique. Four squares (66.7%) were positive for helminth eggs and sample positivity was 8.3% (10). Toxocara spp. and Ancylostoma spp. were the main genera found in these places. Even though prevalence was lower than the one observed by other studies which were carried out in the area, helminths with zoonotic potential were found in the soil of the squares. It should be highlighted that measures to control dogs in these areas must be implemented and public policies must be put forth to make pets' owners and beach goers aware of the need to mitigate environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- I F Leon
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - A L Strothmann
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - C L Islabão
- Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - S Jeske
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - M M Villela
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
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Tamponi C, Knoll S, Tosciri G, Salis F, Dessì G, Cappai MG, Varcasia A, Scala A. Environmental Contamination by Dog Feces in Touristic Areas of Italy: Parasitological Aspects and Zoonotic Hazards. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:1143-1149. [PMID: 32602438 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Public spaces are common sites of fecal contamination which is concerning considering the prevalence rates of gastrointestinal pathogens carried by pets. Multiple pet-bound parasite species capable of infecting humans have previously been reported in fecal samples collected from urban areas around the globe, including Italy. In addition, the presence of gastrointestinal parasites has recently been shown in pets from the island of Sardinia, a well-known touristic destination. For these reasons, this study aims to evaluate the level of fecal contamination of two of the most important cities on Sardinia. Furthermore, the presence of endoparasites in fecal samples collected was also investigated to assess the parasitological risks associated with such contamination. A grid approach using a geographical information system was applied, followed by transect counting and sampling. A total of 956 and 220 dog feces with an average feces count of 4.7 and 2.6 per 100 linear meters were found for Sassari and Alghero, respectively. In Sassari 15.6% (52/333) and in Alghero 6.8% (6/88) of the samples tested positive for parasitic elements. Hookworms, Strongyloides stercoralis, Toxocara sp., and Trichuris vulpis were among the parasites most identified. This study showed significant urban contamination of both Sassari and Alghero with dog feces and the parasites within them, including potentially zoonotic species. The general public as well as tourists visiting the island should be aware of the risks associated with this and appropriate measures taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tamponi
- Laboratorio di Parassitologia - Ospedale Didattico Veterinario, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Stephane Knoll
- Laboratorio di Parassitologia - Ospedale Didattico Veterinario, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Tosciri
- Laboratorio di Parassitologia - Ospedale Didattico Veterinario, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Salis
- Laboratorio di Parassitologia - Ospedale Didattico Veterinario, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgia Dessì
- Laboratorio di Parassitologia - Ospedale Didattico Veterinario, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cappai
- Nutrition Desk - Ospedale Didattico Veterinario, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Varcasia
- Laboratorio di Parassitologia - Ospedale Didattico Veterinario, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Scala
- Laboratorio di Parassitologia - Ospedale Didattico Veterinario, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Perez-Sancho M, García-Seco T, Porrero C, García N, Gomez-Barrero S, Cámara JM, Domínguez L, Álvarez J. A ten-year-surveillance program of zoonotic pathogens in feral pigeons in the City of Madrid (2005-2014): The importance of a systematic pest control. Res Vet Sci 2019; 128:293-298. [PMID: 31869595 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Feral pigeons have increased in urban settings worldwide becoming a potential health risk for humans and other animals. Control and surveillance programs are essential to prevent the possible transmission of zoonotic pathogens carried by pigeons. A surveillance program was carried out in Madrid City (Spain) during 2005-2014 to determine the role of urban pigeons as carriers of zoonotic agents comparing these results with studies performed elsewhere in the last fifteen years. A total of 1372 pigeons were randomly captured and tested for detection of Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic heterogeneity of Campylobacter and Salmonella isolates were determined. During the first phase (August 2005-July 2010), 428 animals were analyzed individually, while in the second period (August 2010-December 2014), 944 pigeons were analyzed in pools (n = 2-3 in 2010 and n = 5-6 in 2013 and 2014). The most prevalent pathogen during the first phase was Campylobacter spp., (6.57%, 95% confidence interval 3.05-12.10%) followed by Salmonella spp. (4.41%, 95% CI: 2.30-7.58%) and C. psittaci (2.56%, 95% CI: 0.70-6.53%)]. The PCR techniques, used during the 2010-2014 phase of the study, confirmed the presence of Campylobacter spp. (prevalence of 0-14.83%) and C. psittaci (0-12,94%) among pigeons of Madrid. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing suggested low levels of resistance. Presence of zoonotic agents in feral pigeons highlights the importance of surveillance programs on this species, although the relative low prevalence found suggests a limited risk to Public and Animal Health in Madrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Perez-Sancho
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Teresa García-Seco
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Porrero
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea García
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Gomez-Barrero
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose María Cámara
- Unidad Técnica de Control de Vectores, Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Álvarez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Ayinmode AB, Obebe OO, Olayemi E. Prevalence of potentially zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites in canine faeces in Ibadan, Nigeria. Ghana Med J 2018; 50:201-206. [PMID: 28579625 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v50i4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans can get infected through direct or indirect contact with infective stages of zoonotic parasites shed to the environment through dog faeces. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to investigate the presence of gastrointestinal parasites present in dog faeces shed on the street of Ibadan metropolis, one of the largest cities in Africa. METHODS Twenty-three locations were randomly selected using grid-sampling method. A total of 203 faecal samples collected from the streets of selected areas were processed for detection of helminth eggs and protozoan oocysts using flotation technique. Eggs/oocysts per gram of faeces was counted using modified McMaster technique. RESULTS The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 43.3% (88/203). Single and multiple infections were 69 (78.4%) and 19 (21.6%) respectively. The parasites detected were Ancylostoma sp. 24.6% (50/88) Isospora sp. 14.2% (29/88), Toxocara sp. 9.8% (20/88), Uncinaria sp. 2.5% (5/88) and Strongyloides sp, 3.9% (8/88). Ancylostoma sp. (320 × 102 epg) and Uncinaria sp. (5 × 102 epg) had the highest and least intensity respectively. Streets within residential areas having markets had the highest number of positive samples. All the genera of parasites detected in this study have zoonotic potential. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of zoonotic parasites detected in dog faeces from Ibadan metropolis showed that infected stray dogs roam the streets and constitute potential risk to human health. This study suggests the need for enforcement of laws restraining roaming or straying dogs and proper veterinary care of dogs. FUNDING None declared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adekunle B Ayinmode
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwasola O Obebe
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Ebenezer Olayemi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Simonato G, Frangipane di Regalbono A, Cassini R, Traversa D, Tessarin C, Di Cesare A, Pietrobelli M. Molecular detection of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in canine faecal samples contaminating public areas in Northern Italy. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:3411-3418. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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In vitro study of disinfectants on the embryonation and survival of Toxascaris leonina eggs. J Helminthol 2017; 92:530-534. [PMID: 28974272 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x17000839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The effect of six available and commercial disinfectants on the embryonation and larval development of Toxascaris leonina eggs was studied. Dettol® and Virkon® both induced a 100% reduction in larval development (P ≤ 0.05). Dettol® resulted in deformed eggshells and a halt in embryonal development at 1 week post exposure. All Virkon®-treated eggs showed an early embryonic lysis 24 h post exposure. TH4+ and 70% ethanol both significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected larval development, with 58.8 and 85.8% reduction, respectively. Neither sodium hypochlorite nor phenol significantly affected larval development (2.8 and 21.0%, respectively). Sodium hypochlorite treatment caused a visible decortication of the eggshell; however, phenol-treated embryonated Toxascaris eggs appeared more or less morphologically normal. In conclusion, the disinfectants tested induced variable degrees of decortication and suppression of larval development. Virkon®S was the most effective disinfectant against Toxascaris eggs, suggesting that it is the most advisable one to use. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of Virkon®S as an ovicide and/or larvicide of helminths, particularly Toxascaris leonina.
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Monteiro GS, Fleck JD, Kluge M, Rech NK, Soliman MC, Staggemeier R, Rodrigues MT, Barros MP, Heinzelmann LS, Spilki FR. Adenoviruses of canine and human origins in stool samples from free-living pampas foxes (Lycalopex gymnocercus) and crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) in São Francisco de Paula, Rio dos Sinos basin. BRAZ J BIOL 2015; 75:11-6. [PMID: 26270208 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of enteric viruses of domestic animals and human beings to wild species can be facilitated by the resistance of these viruses on the environment and their ability to be transmitted by water and contaminated food. The health status of the populations of pampas foxes Lycalopex gymnocercus) and crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) is largely unknown and the landscapes occupied by these animals in southern Brazil have been threatened by human occupation and expansion of agriculture. In this work, the search of genomes of human and canine adenoviruses in feces from these wild carnivores was used to track the dissemination of domestic animals and human pathogens to the free-living populations in a wildlife reserve located in southern Brazil. This was performed by virus-specific differential real-time polymerase chain reactions (qPCR) on stool specimens, avoiding capture and additional stress to the animals. Genus-specific conventional reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was complementarily performed aiming the detection of enteroviruses (EV) and rotaviruses (RV) on these same samples. HAdV genomes were found on 14 out of the 17 (82.35%) stool samples analysed, whereas CAV was found co-infecting 5 of these samples. RV genomes were detected on 7 of the 17 samples (41.18%) and all samples were negative for EV. The results point to the dispersion of HAdV and RV at a high rate to these species of South American wild carnivores, which can be an effect of growing anthropisation of the habitat of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Monteiro
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, BR
| | - J D Fleck
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, BR
| | - M Kluge
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, BR
| | - N K Rech
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, BR
| | - M C Soliman
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, BR
| | - R Staggemeier
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, BR
| | - M T Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, BR
| | - M P Barros
- Laboratório de Zoologia, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, BR
| | - L S Heinzelmann
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, BR
| | - F R Spilki
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, BR
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Multiple zoonotic parasites identified in dog feces collected in Ponte de Lima, Portugal-a potential threat to human health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:9050-67. [PMID: 25257358 PMCID: PMC4199006 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110909050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dogs play many roles and their presence within people’s houses has increased. In rural settings dog faeces are not removed from the streets, representing an environmental pollution factor. Our aim was to evaluate the occurrence of environmental contamination with zoonotic intestinal parasites of three groups of dogs in Ponte de Lima, Portugal, with a particular emphasis on Echinococcus granulosus. We collected 592 dog faecal samples from the environment, farm and hunting dogs. Qualitative flotation coprological analysis was performed and the frequency in the positive samples ranged between 57.44% and 81.19% in different groups. We isolated up to four different parasites in one sample and detected seven intestinal parasitic species, genera or families overall. Ancylostomatidae was the most prevalent parasite, followed by Trichuris spp., Toxocara spp., Isospora spp., Dipylidium caninum, Taeniidae and Toxascaris leonina. Taeniidae eggs were analyzed with the PCR technique and revealed not to be from Echinococcus. The parasite prevalence and the diversity of zoonotic parasites found were high, which calls for a greater awareness of the problem among the population, especially hunters. Promoting research at the local level is important to plan control strategies. Health education should be developed with regard to farmers and hunters, and a closer collaboration between researchers, practitioners and public health authorities is needed.
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Prevalence of zoonotic intestinal parasites in domestic and stray dogs in a rural area of Iran. Prev Vet Med 2013; 109:162-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Cinquepalmi V, Monno R, Fumarola L, Ventrella G, Calia C, Greco MF, de Vito D, Soleo L. Environmental contamination by dog’s faeces: a public health problem? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 10:72-84. [PMID: 23263659 PMCID: PMC3564131 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The risk to public health from the large number of dog stools present on streets of urban areas is cause for concern. Dog faeces may be a serious hazard because they may contain microorganisms that are both pathogenic to humans and resistant to several classes of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for zoonotic infections and for the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in canine faeces which contaminates the urban environment. A total of 418 canine faecal samples were collected from streets in seven areas of Bari, Southern Italy. We have isolated multi-drug resistant Enterococci and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from these dog faecal samples. The presence of the resistant bacteria in an urban environment may represent a public health hazard which requires control measures by competent authorities. No Salmonella, Yersinia or Campylobacter species were isolated. Giardia cysts were detected in 1.9% of the samples. The predominant Enterococcus species were E. faecium (61.6%), E. gallinarum (23.3%) and E. casseliflavus (5.5%). Other species, including E. faecalis were also isolated. These strains were resistant to clindamycin (86.3%), tetracycline (65.7%), erythromycin (60.27%) and ampicillin (47.9%). High-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) was found in 65.7% of enterococci. Resistance to three or more antibiotics and six or more antibiotics were observed in 67.12% and 38.4% of Enterococcus spp., respectively. Resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin was not detected in any of the Enterococcus spp. isolated. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 0.7% of the faecal samples. Canine faeces left on the streets may represent a risk factor for transmission of microorganisms and a reservoir of multidrug- resistant bacteria thus contributing to the spread of resistance genes into an urban area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Cinquepalmi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Occupational Medicine Section , University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; E-Mails: (V.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Rosa Monno
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; E-Mails: (L.F.); (C.C.); (D.V.)
| | - Luciana Fumarola
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; E-Mails: (L.F.); (C.C.); (D.V.)
| | - Gianpiero Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, University of Bari, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy; E-Mails: (G.V.); (M.F.G.)
| | - Carla Calia
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; E-Mails: (L.F.); (C.C.); (D.V.)
| | - Maria Fiorella Greco
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, University of Bari, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy; E-Mails: (G.V.); (M.F.G.)
| | - Danila de Vito
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; E-Mails: (L.F.); (C.C.); (D.V.)
| | - Leonardo Soleo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Occupational Medicine Section , University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; E-Mails: (V.C.); (L.S.)
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Dolcetti R, Serraino D, Dognini G, Govi S, Crocchiolo R, Ghia P, Pasini E, Ponzoni M, Talamini R, De Paoli P, Doglioni C, Ferreri AJM. Exposure to animals and increased risk of marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of the ocular adnexae. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:966-9. [PMID: 22274411 PMCID: PMC3305971 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocular adnexal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (OAMZL) has been associated with Chlamydophila psittaci, an infection that may be transmitted by carrier animals. However, it is still unclear whether exposure to animals affects the risk of OAMZL in comparison with other lymphoma histotypes. We therefore investigated the role of professional and/or domestic exposures to animals in the occurrence of OAMZL, as compared with other types of lymphoma. METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was carried out on 43 consecutive OAMZL patients (cases) and 87 consecutive patients with nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs; controls). Multiple logistic regression (MLR) odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the association between exposures to animals and OAMZL risk. RESULTS A higher proportion of cases reported a lifetime exposure to household animals (79.1% vs 64.4% among controls), with a non-statistical significant MLR-OR of 2.18 (95% CI: 0.85-5.62). The OAMZL cases more frequently reported a history of occupation in breeding and/or slaughtering than controls (34.9% vs 6.9%), with an overall increased risk of 7.69 (95%CI: 2.65-22.34). CONCLUSION These results indicate that, compared with nodal NHLs, the risk of OAMZL is markedly increased by contact with animals, particularly by occupational exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dolcetti
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico - IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, 33081, Aviano, Italy.
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