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Samsel K, Navaneelan T, DeBono N, Everest L, Demers PA, Sritharan J. Leukemia Incidence by Occupation and Industry: A Cohort Study of 2.3 Million Workers from Ontario, Canada. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:981. [PMID: 39200592 PMCID: PMC11353350 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21080981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024]
Abstract
Although a significant body of evidence has attributed certain occupational exposures with leukemia, such as benzene, formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene and ionizing radiation, more research is needed to identify work environments at increased risk for this disease. Our study aimed to identify occupational and industry groups associated with an elevated incidence of leukemia using a diverse cohort of workers' compensation claimants from Ontario, Canada. A total of 2,363,818 workers in the Occupational Disease Surveillance System (ODSS) cohort, with claims between 1983-2019, were followed for malignant leukemia diagnoses up to 31 December 2019. We used a Cox proportional-hazards model to estimate the relative incidence of leukemia in specific occupation and industry groups. After adjusting for age and birth year, males in protective services (HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.02-1.35), metal machining (HR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.07-1.41), transport (HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.06-1.25), and mining occupations (HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02-1.60) had elevated risks of leukemia compared to other workers in the ODSS, with comparable findings by industry. Among female workers, slight risk elevations were observed among product fabricating, assembling, and repairing occupations, with other increased risks seen in furniture and fixture manufacturing, storage, and retail industries. These findings underscore the need for exposure-based studies to better understand occupational hazards in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Samsel
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, ON M5G 2L3, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Tanya Navaneelan
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, ON M5G 2L3, Canada
| | - Nathan DeBono
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, ON M5G 2L3, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Louis Everest
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, ON M5G 2L3, Canada
| | - Paul A. Demers
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, ON M5G 2L3, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Jeavana Sritharan
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, ON M5G 2L3, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
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Peng S, Dong S, Gong C, Chen X, Du H, Zhan Y, Yang Z. Evidence-based identification of breast cancer and associated ovarian and uterus cancer risk components in source waters from high incidence area in the Pearl River Basin, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166060. [PMID: 37543346 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and uterus cancer are among the most common female cancers. They are suspected to associate with exposures to specific environmental pollutants, which remain unidentified in source waters. In this work, we focused on the Pearl River Basin region in China, which experienced a high incidence of breast, ovarian, and uterus cancers. Combining cancer patient data, mammalian cell cytotoxicity analyses, and exhaustive historical and current chemical assessments, we for the first time identified source water components that promoted proliferation of mammalian cells, and confirmed their association with these female cancers via the estrogen receptor mediated pathway. Therefore, the components that have previously been found to enhance the proliferation of estrogen receptor-containing cells through endocrine disruption could be the crucial factor. Based on this, components that matched with this toxicological characteristic (i.e., estrogen-like effect) were further identified in source waters, including (1) organic components: phthalates, bisphenol A, nonylphenols, and per-/polyfluoroalkyls; (2) inorganic components: Sb, Co, As, and nitrate. Moreover, these identified water components were present at levels comparable to other regions with high female cancer prevalence, suggesting that the potential risk of these components may not be exclusive to the study region. Together, multiple levels of evidence suggested that long-term co-exposures to source water estrogenic components may be important to the development of breast, ovarian, and uterus cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Peng
- School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Water Security Regulation and Control for Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security in Southern China of Guangdong High Education Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shengkun Dong
- School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Water Security Regulation and Control for Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security in Southern China of Guangdong High Education Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chang Gong
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Water Security Regulation and Control for Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security in Southern China of Guangdong High Education Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Hongyu Du
- School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuehao Zhan
- School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Lynch HN, Kozal JS, Vincent MJ, Freid RD, Beckett EM, Brown S, Mathis C, Schoeny RS, Maier A. Systematic review of the human health hazards of propylene dichloride. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 144:105468. [PMID: 37562533 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Propylene dichloride (PDC) is a chlorinated substance used primarily as an intermediate in basic organic chemical manufacturing. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is currently evaluating PDC as a high-priority substance under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). We conducted a systematic review of the non-cancer and cancer hazards of PDC using the EPA TSCA and Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) frameworks. We identified 12 epidemiological, 16 toxicokinetic, 34 experimental animal, and 49 mechanistic studies. Point-of-contact respiratory effects are the most sensitive non-cancer effects after inhalation exposure, and PDC is neither a reproductive nor a developmental toxicant. PDC is not mutagenic in vivo, and while in vitro evidence is mixed, DNA strand breaks consistently occur. Nasal tumors in rats and lung tumors in mice occurred after lifetime high-level inhalation exposure. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) was observed in Japanese print workers exposed to high concentrations of PDC. However, co-exposures, as well as liver parasites, hepatitis, and other risk factors, may also have contributed. The cancer mode of action (MOA) analysis revealed that PDC may act through multiple biological pathways occurring sequentially and/or simultaneously, although chronic tissue damage and inflammation likely dominate. Critically, health benchmarks protective of non-cancer effects are expected to protect against cancer in humans.
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Joaquin HF, Jaime PM, Rodrigo OT. Applying a Green Solvent with Microwave, Ultrasound, and Soxhlet Extraction Techniques to Quantify the Slip Additive cis-1,3-Docosenamide and Nine Oxidative Degradation Byproducts in Polypropylene Samples. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3457. [PMID: 37631513 PMCID: PMC10458392 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Erucamide is used as an important slip agent for polymers. However, erucamide can degrade during processing and long-term storage, forming various oxidation products. These degradation products can affect the recovery rates of erucamide. In this study, investigated different solid-liquid extraction methods (Soxhlet, microwave, and ultrasound) and used gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to quantify erucamide and its degradation byproducts in polypropylene (PP). A multivariable experiment was designed, and a mixed-effect approach was used to analyze the results. Various extraction variables were examined, such as temperature, time, solvents, and PP pretreatments. Using a mixed-effect model with a Kenward-Roger approximation, an R2 of the model of 97% and p values of 0.168, 0.000, and 0.000 were obtained for the technical, solvent, and type of PP pretreatment variables, respectively. The highest average recoveries of erucamide were found with the microwave technique and were 96.4% using dichloromethane, 94.57% using cyclohexane, and 93.05% using limonene. With ultrasound, recoveries ranged between 85 and 92% for dichloromethane and limonene. In addition, it was observed that the extraction method had better recovery results in ground PP than in films and in pellets. Nine oxidative degradation byproducts of erucamide were identified and semi-quantified by GC-MS. The reaction mechanisms for forming each byproduct were proposed. The byproducts that experienced a higher rate of degradation of erucamide were erucamide with a hydroxyl group at position one and 12-amino-6-12-oxo-dodecanoic acid, showing more prominent peaks using the Soxhlet method with cyclohexane and dichloromethane as solvents and polypropylene (PP) films as the type of material used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernández Fernández Joaquin
- Chemistry Program, Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, San Pablo Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia
- Chemical Engineering Program, School of Engineering, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolivar, Parque Industrial y Tecnológico Carlos Vélez Pombo Km 1 Vía Turbaco, Cartagena 130001, Colombia
- Department of Natural and Exact Science, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Pérez Mendoza Jaime
- Complex Fluid Engineering and Food Rheology Research Group (IFCRA), Food Engineering Department, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias 130015, Colombia;
| | - Ortega-Toro Rodrigo
- Food Packaging and Shelf-Life Research Group (FP&SL), Food Engineering Department, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias 130015, Colombia;
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Jiménez T, Pollán M, Domínguez-Castillo A, Lucas P, Sierra MÁ, Fernández de Larrea-Baz N, González-Sánchez M, Salas-Trejo D, Llobet R, Martínez I, Pino MN, Martínez-Cortés M, Pérez-Gómez B, Lope V, García-Pérez J. Residential proximity to industrial pollution and mammographic density. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154578. [PMID: 35304152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammographic density (MD), expressed as percentage of fibroglandular breast tissue, is an important risk factor for breast cancer. Our objective is to investigate the relationship between MD and residential proximity to pollutant industries in premenopausal Spanish women. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 1225 women extracted from the DDM-Madrid study. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the association of MD percentage (and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs)) and proximity (between 1 km and 3 km) to industries included in the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register. RESULTS Although no association was found between MD and distance to all industries as a whole, several industrial sectors showed significant association for some distances: "surface treatment of metals and plastic" (β = 4.98, 95%CI = (0.85; 9.12) at ≤1.5 km, and β = 3.00, 95%CI = (0.26; 5.73) at ≤2.5 km), "organic chemical industry" (β = 6.73, 95%CI = (0.50; 12.97) at ≤1.5 km), "pharmaceutical products" (β = 4.14, 95%CI = (0.58; 7.70) at ≤2 km; β = 3.55, 95%CI = (0.49; 6.60) at ≤2.5 km; and β = 3.11, 95%CI = (0.20; 6.01) at ≤3 km), and "urban waste-water treatment plants" (β = 8.06, 95%CI = (0.82; 15.30) at ≤1 km; β = 5.28; 95%CI = (0.49; 10.06) at ≤1.5 km; β = 4.30, 95%CI = (0.03; 8.57) at ≤2 km; β = 5.26, 95%CI = (1.83; 8.68) at ≤2.5 km; and β = 3.19, 95%CI = (0.46; 5.92) at ≤3 km). Moreover, significant increased MD was observed in women close to industries releasing specific pollutants: ammonia (β = 4.55, 95%CI = (0.26; 8.83) at ≤1.5 km; and β = 3.81, 95%CI = (0.49; 7.14) at ≤2 km), dichloromethane (β = 3.86, 95%CI = (0.00; 7.71) at ≤2 km), ethylbenzene (β = 8.96, 95%CI = (0.57; 17.35) at ≤3 km), and phenols (β = 2.60, 95%CI = (0.21; 5.00) at ≤2.5 km). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest no statistically significant relationship between MD and proximity to industries as a whole, although we detected associations with various industrial sectors and some specific pollutants, which suggests that MD could have a mediating role in breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Jiménez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Pollán
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Institute of Health), Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Alejandro Domínguez-Castillo
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Institute of Health), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Lucas
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Institute of Health), Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Ángeles Sierra
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Institute of Health), Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Nerea Fernández de Larrea-Baz
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Institute of Health), Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Mario González-Sánchez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Institute of Health), Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Dolores Salas-Trejo
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain; Valencian Breast Cancer Screening Program, General Directorate of Public Health, Valencia, Spain; Center for Public Health Research CSISP, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Rafael Llobet
- Institute of Computer Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Martínez
- Valencian Breast Cancer Screening Program, General Directorate of Public Health, Valencia, Spain; Center for Public Health Research CSISP, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Marina Nieves Pino
- Servicio de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Madrid Salud, Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Martínez-Cortés
- Servicio de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Madrid Salud, Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Institute of Health), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Virginia Lope
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Institute of Health), Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Javier García-Pérez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Institute of Health), Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
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Wang W, Xu H, Qu X, Yang K, Lin D. Predicting the total PAHs concentrations in sediments from selected congeners using a multiple linear relationship. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3334. [PMID: 35228618 PMCID: PMC8885927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we observed that four congeners, including naphthalene (Nap), acenaphthylene (Acy), phenanthrene (Phe), and benz(a)anthracene (BaA), are the characteristic congeners for predicting the emission and the sediment concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A novel multiple relationship of the total PAHs concentrations (C∑PAHs) in sediments with the concentrations of four congeners was established (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.95) using published data over the past 30 years. Moreover, the multiple linear relationship of the total PAHs emission factors with the emission factors of four congeners was also established (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.99). Interestingly, the ratio of multicomponents coefficient from the multiple linear relationship in sediments to that from the multiple linear relationship in emission sources correlated positively with octanol–water partition coefficient (logKow) (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.88) of the four PAHs congeners. Therefore, a novel model was established to predict CΣPAHs in sediments using the emissions and logKow of the four characteristic PAHs congeners. The percent sample deviation between calculated C∑PAHs and their observed values was 54%, suggesting the established model can accurately predict CΣPAHs in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Huaping Xu
- Mathematics Teaching and Research Section, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, China.
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Rodrigues EG, Herrick RF, Stewart J, Palacios H, Laden F, Clark W, Delzell E. Case-control study of brain and other central nervous system cancer among workers at semiconductor and storage device manufacturing facilities. Occup Environ Med 2020; 77:238-248. [PMID: 32019845 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-106120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the relationship between brain and other central nervous system cancer ('CNS cancer') and exposures at two semiconductor and electronic module manufacturing facilities and at a storage device manufacturing facility. METHODS The case-control study, nested in a cohort of 126 836 employees, compared 120 CNS cancer cases and 1028 matched controls with respect to employment in 10 process groups and estimated cumulative exposure to 31 known or possible carcinogens. RESULTS CNS cancer was associated with module manufacturing operations at two facilities. Module manufacturing is a process that begins with production of ceramic substrates followed by attachment of completed semiconductor chips and metal-containing circuitry resulting in a high performing electronic device. Positive associations with the highest tertile of estimated cumulative exposure were found for several chemicals, including 2-butoxyethanol, cyclohexanone, ortho-dichlorobenzene, cadmium, molybdenum, trichloroethylene and vinyl chloride. CONCLUSIONS Results suggested positive associations between CNS cancer and specific operations and chemicals experienced in the semiconductor and electronic module manufacturing industry. However, lack of external support for these findings precludes a causal interpretation, and the observed associations may have been due to chance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema G Rodrigues
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert F Herrick
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Stewart
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helena Palacios
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William Clark
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Delzell
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Dynamic Study of VSA and TSA Processes for VOCs Removal from Air. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/2316827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds are air pollutants that necessitate to be eliminated for health and environment concerns. In the present paper, two VOCs, that is, dichloromethane and acetone are recovered by adsorption on activated carbon from a nitrogen gas stream. Experimental adsorption isotherms of the two VOCs are determined at three different temperatures 298, 313, and 323 K by the dynamic column breakthrough method. The dynamic mathematical model succeeds to predict satisfactorily the experimental breakthrough curves for pure VOCs and different binary mixtures for various conditions. Thus, the validated dynamic mathematical model has been used as a simulation tool for optimization purposes of VSA and TSA processes in order to achieve the highest performances under the given constraints. The effects of the adsorption step duration, the vacuum pressure, and the desorption temperature on the recovery of dichloromethane and acetone have been studied. A recovery of 100% of the two VOCs could be attained. However, the adsorption step duration should be determined precisely so as not to affect the recovery and alter the quality of air being purified due to the breakthrough of VOCs. The vacuum pressure and the desorption temperature should be carefully chosen in order to both reduce the energy consumption and shorten the purge step duration. Regeneration by hot nitrogen stream seems to be more efficient than regeneration by reducing pressure.
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Wang H, Chen J, Suda M, Yanagiba Y, Weng Z, Wang RS. Acute inhalation co-exposure to 1,2-dichloropropane and dichloromethane cause liver damage by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration and defense ability in mice. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:260-270. [PMID: 30240022 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
1,2-Dichloropropane (1,2-DCP) is used as an industrial solvent, insecticide fumigant and household dry cleaning product. Carcinogenicity caused by long-term exposure to 1,2-DCP is well established. However, the possible liver damage and related toxic mechanisms associated with acute inhalation exposure to 1,2-DCP are rarely reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of individual and combined exposure to 1,2-DCP and dichloromethane (DCM) on mice liver. The results showed that 1,2-DCP significantly caused liver necrosis, possibly due to 1,2-DCP-induced inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I-IV activities, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and extreme ATP consumption. Moreover, 1,2-DCP also decreased mitochondrial defense ability by inhibiting the mitochondrial glutathione S-transferase 1 (MGST1) activity, further aggravating liver damage. Additionally, we found that DCM co-exposure potentially enhanced 1,2-DCP toxicity. Our findings suggest that inhibition of mitochondrial function and MGST1 activity play critical roles in modulating 1,2-DCP-induced liver damage. Furthermore, our results contribute to study the new mechanism of mitochondria-dominated signaling pathways underlying liver injury induced by 1,2-DCP and DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hufei Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Megumi Suda
- Japan National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yukie Yanagiba
- Japan National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Zuquan Weng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rui-Sheng Wang
- Japan National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
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Makris KC, Voniatis M. Brain cancer cluster investigation around a factory emitting dichloromethane. Eur J Public Health 2018; 28:338-343. [PMID: 29036600 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The health risks associated with dichloromethane (DCM) for the general population living near industrial activities have not yet been quantified, primarily due to lack of epidemiological datasets. In the absence of such human data, we undertook a cancer cluster investigation in Cyprus around a historically using DCM plant producing shoe soles that were globally exported. We designed the methodology to investigate the possible existence of a cancer cluster in the area around the factory (point zero) and within a radius of 500 meters. Methods A retrospective comparative population study was designed using a group of cancer patients living or working in the chosen geographical area around the factory. Results Mean stack emissions of DCM of 88 mg/Nm3 and flow rates of 850 g/h exceeded the permissible DCM limits established for industrial zones. Brain and central nervous system (CNS) cancer incidence rates showed significant (P < 0.001) increase in the study area around the plant when compared with those observed in other areas of Cyprus. Calculated standardized incidence ratios for brain/CNS after adjusting for the age at diagnosis ranged from 11.3-25.7 [mean 6.5 (3.02 : 12.3)] for the study area. Conclusions We showed the association between chronic, unintentional DCM exposures and brain/CNS cancer cases for the general population located in a residential area being in close proximity with a plant historically emitting DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos C Makris
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Michael Voniatis
- Ministry of Labour, Welfare and Social Insurance, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Park AS, Ritz B, Ling C, Cockburn M, Heck JE. Exposure to ambient dichloromethane in pregnancy and infancy from industrial sources and childhood cancers in California. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 220:1133-1140. [PMID: 28720343 PMCID: PMC5572480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of childhood cancers has been increasing and environmental exposure to air toxics has been suggested as a possible risk factor. This study aims to explore ambient exposure to dichloromethane (methylene chloride). METHODS We frequency matched by birth year approximately 20 cancer-free controls identified from birth records to all childhood cancers ages 0-5 in the California Cancer Registry diagnosed from 1988 to 2012; i.e. 13,636 cases and a total of 270,673 controls. Information on industrial releases of dichloromethane within 3km of birth addresses was retrieved from mandatory industry reports to the EPA's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). We derived exposure to dichloromethane within close vicinity of birth residences using several modeling techniques including unconditional logistic regression models with multiple buffer distances, inverse distance weighting, and quadratic decay models. RESULTS We observed elevated risks for germ cell tumors [Odds Ratio (OR): 1.52, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.11, 2.08], particularly teratomas (OR: 2.08, 95% CI 1.38-3.13), and possible increased risk for acute myeloid leukemias (AML) (OR: 1.64, 95% CI 1.15-2.32 in the quadratic decay model). Risk estimates were similar in magnitude whether releases occurred in pregnancy or the child's first year of life. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that exposure to industrial dichloromethane releases may be a risk factor for childhood germ cell tumors, teratomas, and possibly AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Park
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, 650 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, 650 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | - Chenxiao Ling
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, 650 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | - Myles Cockburn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Suite 318-A, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Julia E Heck
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, 650 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA.
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Barul C, Fayossé A, Carton M, Pilorget C, Woronoff AS, Stücker I, Luce D. Occupational exposure to chlorinated solvents and risk of head and neck cancer in men: a population-based case-control study in France. Environ Health 2017; 16:77. [PMID: 28738894 PMCID: PMC5525363 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few epidemiological studies have investigated the link between occupational exposure to solvents and head and neck cancer risk, and available findings are sparse and inconsistent. The objective of this study was to examine the association between occupational exposure to chlorinated solvents and head and neck cancer risk. METHODS We analyzed data from 4637 men (1857 cases and 2780 controls) included in a population-based case-control study, ICARE (France). Occupational exposure to five chlorinated solvents (perchloroethylene [PCE], trichloroethylene [TCE], methylene chloride [MC], chloroform [CF], and carbon tetrachloride [CT]) was assessed through job-exposure matrices. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusted for age, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, asbestos exposure, and other potential confounders. RESULTS We observed no association between chlorinated solvent exposure and head and neck cancer risk, despite a non-significant increase in risk among subjects who had the highest cumulative level of exposure to PCE, (OR = 1.81; 95% CI = 0.68 to 4.82). In subsite analysis, the risk of laryngeal cancer increased with cumulative exposure to PCE (p for trend = 0.04). The OR was 3.86 (95% CI = 1.30 to 11.48) for those exposed to the highest levels of PCE. A non-significant elevated risk of hypopharyngeal cancer was also observed in subjects exposed to the highest levels of MC (OR = 2.36; 95% CI = 0.98 to 5.85). CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence that high exposure to PCE increases the risk of laryngeal cancer, and suggest an association between exposure to MC and hypopharyngeal cancer. Exposure to other chlorinated solvents was not associated with the risk of head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Barul
- INSERM U 1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), Pointe-à-Pitre, France
- Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurore Fayossé
- INSERM U 1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Matthieu Carton
- INSERM, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS 011 Villejuif, France
| | - Corinne Pilorget
- The French Public Health Agency, Saint Maurice, France
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon1 University, Ifsttar, UMRESTTE, UMR T_9405, F-69373 Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Woronoff
- Registre des tumeurs du Doubs et du Territoire de Belfort CHRU, Besançon, France
| | - Isabelle Stücker
- Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer Team, Villejuif, France
| | - Danièle Luce
- INSERM U 1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), Pointe-à-Pitre, France
- Address: INSERM U1085-IRSET, Faculté de Médecine, Campus de Fouillole, BP-145, 97154 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
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Experimental outgassing of toxic chemicals to simulate the characteristics of hazards tainting globally shipped products. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177363. [PMID: 28520742 PMCID: PMC5435304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient monitoring analyses may identify potential new public health hazards such as residual levels of fumigants and industrial chemicals off gassing from products and goods shipped globally. We analyzed container air with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (TD-2D-GC-MS/FPD) and assessed whether the concentration of the volatiles benzene and 1,2-dichloroethane exceeded recommended exposure limits (REL). Products were taken from transport containers and analyzed for outgassing of volatiles. Furthermore, experimental outgassing was performed on packaging materials and textiles, to simulate the hazards tainting from globally shipped goods. The mean amounts of benzene in analyzed container air were 698-fold higher, and those of ethylene dichloride were 4.5-fold higher than the corresponding REL. More than 90% of all containers struck with toluene residues higher than its REL. For 1,2-dichloroethane 53% of containers, transporting shoes exceeded the REL. In standardized experimental fumigation of various products, outgassing of 1,2-dichloroethane under controlled laboratory conditions took up to several months. Globally produced transported products tainted with toxic industrial chemicals may contribute to the mixture of volatiles in indoor air as they are likely to emit for a long period. These results need to be taken into account for further evaluation of safety standards applying to workers and consumers.
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Schlosser PM, Bale AS, Gibbons CF, Wilkins A, Cooper GS. Human health effects of dichloromethane: key findings and scientific issues. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:114-9. [PMID: 25325283 PMCID: PMC4314245 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1308030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The U.S. EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) completed an updated toxicological review of dichloromethane in November 2011. OBJECTIVES In this commentary we summarize key results and issues of this review, including exposure sources, identification of potential health effects, and updated physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. METHODS We performed a comprehensive review of primary research studies and evaluation of PBPK models. DISCUSSION Hepatotoxicity was observed in oral and inhalation exposure studies in several studies in animals; neurological effects were also identified as a potential area of concern. Dichloromethane was classified as likely to be carcinogenic in humans based primarily on evidence of carcinogenicity at two sites (liver and lung) in male and female B6C3F1 mice (inhalation exposure) and at one site (liver) in male B6C3F1 mice (drinking-water exposure). Recent epidemiologic studies of dichloromethane (seven studies of hematopoietic cancers published since 2000) provide additional data raising concerns about associations with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Although there are gaps in the database for dichloromethane genotoxicity (i.e., DNA adduct formation and gene mutations in target tissues in vivo), the positive DNA damage assays correlated with tissue and/or species availability of functional glutathione S-transferase (GST) metabolic activity, the key activation pathway for dichloromethane-induced cancer. Innovations in the IRIS assessment include estimation of cancer risk specifically for a presumed sensitive genotype (GST-theta-1+/+), and PBPK modeling accounting for human physiological distributions based on the expected distribution for all individuals 6 months to 80 years of age. CONCLUSION The 2011 IRIS assessment of dichloromethane provides insights into the toxicity of a commonly used solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Schlosser
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
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Huang B, Lei C, Wei C, Zeng G. Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (Cl-VOCs) in environment - sources, potential human health impacts, and current remediation technologies. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 71:118-38. [PMID: 25016450 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (Cl-VOCs), including polychloromethanes, polychloroethanes and polychloroethylenes, are widely used as solvents, degreasing agents and a variety of commercial products. These compounds belong to a group of ubiquitous contaminants that can be found in contaminated soil, air and any kind of fluvial mediums such as groundwater, rivers and lakes. This review presents a summary of the research concerning the production levels and sources of Cl-VOCs, their potential impacts on human health as well as state-of-the-art remediation technologies. Important sources of Cl-VOCs principally include the emissions from industrial processes, the consumption of Cl-VOC-containing products, the disinfection process, as well as improper storage and disposal methods. Human exposure to Cl-VOCs can occur through different routes, including ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact. The toxicological impacts of these compounds have been carefully assessed, and the results demonstrate the potential associations of cancer incidence with exposure to Cl-VOCs. Most Cl-VOCs thus have been listed as priority pollutants by the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) of China, Environmental Protection Agency of the U.S. (U.S. EPA) and European Commission (EC), and are under close monitor and strict control. Yet, more efforts will be put into the epidemiological studies for the risk of human exposure to Cl-VOCs and the exposure level measurements in contaminated sites in the future. State-of-the-art remediation technologies for Cl-VOCs employ non-destructive methods and destructive methods (e.g. thermal incineration, phytoremediation, biodegradation, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and reductive dechlorination), whose advantages, drawbacks and future developments are thoroughly discussed in the later sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Huang
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Chao Lei
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, P.R. China
| | - Chaohai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-Remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
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Sato Y, Kubo S, Takemura S, Sugawara Y, Tanaka S, Fujikawa M, Arimoto A, Harada K, Sasaki M, Nakanuma Y. Different carcinogenic process in cholangiocarcinoma cases epidemically developing among workers of a printing company in Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:4745-4754. [PMID: 25197345 PMCID: PMC4152035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, cholangiocarcinoma has epidemically developed among young adult workers of a printing company in Japan. Exposure to organic solvents including 1,2-dichloropropane and/or dichloromethane is supposed to be associated with the carcinoma development. The metabolism of dichloromethane proceeds through a Theta-class glutathione S-transferase (GST) T1-1-catalyzed pathway, where its reactive intermediates have been implicated in genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. This study examined features of the carcinogenic process of the cholangiocarcinoma developed in the printing company. Surgically resected specimens of the cholangiocarcinoma cases were analyzed, where all cases were associated with precursor lesions such as biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN) and/or intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB). Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed constitutional expression of GST T1-1 in normal hepatobiliary tract. Immunostaining of γ-H2AX, a marker of DNA double strand break, showed that its expression was significantly increased in foci of BilIN, IPNB and invasive carcinoma as well as in non-neoplastic biliary epithelial cells of the printing company cases when compared to that of control groups. In the printing company cases, immunohistochemical expression of p53 was observed in non-neoplastic biliary epithelial cells and BilIN-1. Mutations of KRAS and GNAS were detected in foci of BilIN in one out of 3 cases of the printing company. These results revealed different carcinogenic process of the printing company cases, suggesting that the exposed organic solvents might act as a carcinogen for biliary epithelial cells by causing DNA damage, thereby contributing to the carcinoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Sato
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of MedicineKanazawa, Japan
| | - Shoji Kubo
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Takemura
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sugawara
- Artificial Organ & Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Ishikiri Seiki HospitalOsaka, Japan
| | | | - Akira Arimoto
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka Red Cross HospitalOsaka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of MedicineKanazawa, Japan
| | - Motoko Sasaki
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of MedicineKanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuni Nakanuma
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of MedicineKanazawa, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer CenterShizuoka, Japan
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Occupational exposure to methylene chloride and risk of cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:2037-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Budnik LT, Kloth S, Baur X, Preisser AM, Schwarzenbach H. Circulating mitochondrial DNA as biomarker linking environmental chemical exposure to early preclinical lesions elevation of mtDNA in human serum after exposure to carcinogenic halo-alkane-based pesticides. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64413. [PMID: 23741329 PMCID: PMC3669318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need for a panel of suitable biomarkers for detection of environmental chemical exposure leading to the initiation or progression of degenerative diseases or potentially, to cancer. As the peripheral blood may contain increased levels of circulating cell-free DNA in diseased individuals, we aimed to evaluate this DNA as effect biomarker recognizing vulnerability after exposure to environmental chemicals. We recruited 164 individuals presumably exposed to halo-alkane-based pesticides. Exposure evaluation was based on human biomonitoring analysis; as biomarker of exposure parent halo-methanes, -ethanes and their metabolites, as well as the hemoglobin-adducts methyl valine and hydroxyl ethyl valine in blood were used, complemented by expert evaluation of exposure and clinical intoxication symptoms as well as a questionnaire. Assessment showed exposures to halo alkanes in the concentration range being higher than non-cancer reference doses (RfD) but (mostly) lower than the occupational exposure limits. We quantified circulating DNA in serum from 86 individuals with confirmed exposure to off-gassing halo-alkane pesticides (in storage facilities or in home environment) and 30 non-exposed controls, and found that exposure was significantly associated with elevated serum levels of circulating mitochondrial DNA (in size of 79 bp, mtDNA-79, p = 0.0001). The decreased integrity of mtDNA (mtDNA-230/mtDNA-79) in exposed individuals implicates apoptotic processes (p = 0.015). The relative amounts of mtDNA-79 in serum were positively associated with the lag-time after intoxication to these chemicals (r = 0.99, p<0.0001). Several months of post-exposure the specificity of this biomarker increased from 30% to 97% in patients with intoxication symptoms. Our findings indicate that mitochondrial DNA has a potential to serve as a biomarker recognizing vulnerable risk groups after exposure to toxic/carcinogenic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lygia T Budnik
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine, Department of Occupational Health, School of Medicine, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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Chen L, Zou X, Wang Y, Mao Y, Zhou L. Central nervous system tumors: a single center pathology review of 34,140 cases over 60 years. BMC Clin Pathol 2013; 13:14. [PMID: 23639346 PMCID: PMC3655926 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-13-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor epidemiology is a significant part of CNS (central nervous system) tumor studies. Reassessment of original sections can update our knowledge of tumor spectrum. Here, we discuss the features of CNS tumor pathology in a single center. METHODS A total of 34140 cases from 1950 to 2009 were collected; sections from 1990 to 2009 were reassessed according to WHO 2007 classification, and cases from 1950 to 1989 were classified according to the previous pathological diagnosis. RESULTS Seven CNS tumor categories during 1990 to 2009 were as follow: neuroepithelial tissue (38.0%), tumors of the meninges (36.5%), tumors of the sellar region (4.1%), germ cell tumors (1.3%), tumors of cranial and paraspinal nerves (13.3%), lymphomas and hematopoietic neoplasm (1.7%), metastatic tumors (5.1%), where histological types by age and sex were diverse. Overall, males exceeded females in distributions of most CNS tumor subtypes, while tumors of the meninges occurred more frequently in females. The case number of lymphomas and hematopoietic neoplasms grew the fastest during the past five years, and the distribution of neuroepithelial tumors remained stable over the past twenty years. CONCLUSIONS Despite the possibilities of cross sample biases, the data in this series could suggest a similar CNS tumor spectrum as might occur in other developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wu Lu Mu Qi Zhong Road, Shanghai, Jing An District, 200040, China
| | - Xiang Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wu Lu Mu Qi Zhong Road, Shanghai, Jing An District, 200040, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Neuropathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wu Lu Mu Qi Zhong Road, Shanghai, Jing An District, 200040, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wu Lu Mu Qi Zhong Road, Shanghai, Jing An District, 200040, China
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wu Lu Mu Qi Zhong Road, Shanghai, Jing An District, 200040, China
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Barreca S, Orecchio S, Pace A. Photochemical sample treatment for extracts clean up in PCB analysis from sediments. Talanta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Neta G, Stewart PA, Rajaraman P, Hein MJ, Waters MA, Purdue MP, Samanic C, Coble JB, Linet MS, Inskip PD. Occupational exposure to chlorinated solvents and risks of glioma and meningioma in adults. Occup Environ Med 2012; 69:793-801. [PMID: 22864249 PMCID: PMC3850418 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2012-100742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chlorinated solvents are classified as probable or possible carcinogens. It is unknown whether exposure to these agents increases the risk of malignant or benign brain tumours. Our objective was to evaluate associations of brain tumour risk with occupational exposure to six chlorinated solvents (i.e., dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene). METHODS 489 glioma cases, 197 meningioma cases and 799 controls were enrolled in a hospital-based case-control study conducted at three U.S.A. hospitals in Arizona, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. Information about occupational history was obtained through a detailed inperson interview that included job-specific modules of questions such that the interview was tailored to each individual's particular work history. An industrial hygienist assessed potential solvent exposure based on this information and an exhaustive review of the relevant industrial hygiene literature. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to calculate OR and 95% CI for each solvent for ever/never, duration, cumulative, average weekly and highest exposure. RESULTS Overall, we found no consistent evidence of an increased risk of glioma or meningioma related to occupational exposure to the six chlorinated solvents evaluated. There was some suggestion of an association between carbon tetrachloride and glioma in analyses restricted to exposed subjects, with average weekly exposure above the median associated with increased risk compared with below the median exposure (OR = 7.1, 95% CI 1.1 to 45.2). CONCLUSIONS We found no consistent evidence for increased brain tumour risk related to chlorinated solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gila Neta
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, EPS, Room 7092, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20852-7244, USA.
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Genome-wide analysis of dichloromethane-regulated genes in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-012-6109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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