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Marín LO, Montoya Y, Bustamante J. Biological Evaluation of Thermosensitive Hydrogels of Chitosan/Hydrolyzed Collagen/β-GP in an In Vitro Model of Induced Cardiac Ischemia. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2206. [PMID: 39125232 PMCID: PMC11314826 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic events can culminate in acute myocardial infarction, which is generated by irreversible cardiac lesions that cannot be restored due to the limited regenerative capacity of the heart. Cardiac cell therapy aims to replace injured or necrotic cells with healthy and functional cells. Tissue engineering and cardiovascular regenerative medicine propose therapeutic alternatives using biomaterials that mimic the native extracellular environment and improve cellular and tissue functionality. This investigation evaluates the effect of thermosensitive hydrogels, and murine fetal ventricular cardiomyocytes encapsulated in thermosensitive hydrogels, on the contractile function of cardiomyocyte regeneration during an ischemic event. Chitosan and hydrolyzed collagen thermosensitive hydrogels were developed, and they were physically and chemically characterized. Likewise, their biocompatibility was evaluated through cytotoxicity assays by MTT, LDH, and their hemolytic capacity. The hydrogels, and cells inside the hydrogels, were used as an intervention for primary cardiomyocytes under hypoxic conditions to determine the restoration of the contractile capacity by measuring intracellular calcium levels and the expressions of binding proteins, such as a-actinin and connexin 43. These results evidence the potential of natural thermosensitive hydrogels to restore the bioelectrical functionality of ischemic cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Orozco Marín
- Tissue Engineering and Cardiovascular Prosthetics Line, Cardiovascular Dynamics Group, Bioengineering Center, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050004, Colombia; (L.O.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Yuliet Montoya
- Tissue Engineering and Cardiovascular Prosthetics Line, Cardiovascular Dynamics Group, Bioengineering Center, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050004, Colombia; (L.O.M.); (J.B.)
- Working Committee of Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Colombian Society of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Bogotá 1013, Colombia
| | - John Bustamante
- Tissue Engineering and Cardiovascular Prosthetics Line, Cardiovascular Dynamics Group, Bioengineering Center, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050004, Colombia; (L.O.M.); (J.B.)
- Working Committee of Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Colombian Society of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Bogotá 1013, Colombia
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2
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Zhang Y, Wang J. Current status and prospects of gelatin and its derivatives in oncological applications: Review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133590. [PMID: 38996884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Treating cancer remains challenging due to the substantial side effects and unfavourable pharmacokinetic characteristics of antineoplastic medications, despite the progress made in comprehending the properties and actions of tumour cells in recent years. The advancement of biomaterials, such as stents, implants, personalised drug delivery systems, tailored grafts, cell sheets, and other transplantable materials, has brought about a significant transformation in healthcare and medicine in recent years. Gelatin is a very adaptable natural polymer that finds extensive application in healthcare-related industries owing to its favourable characteristics, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, affordability, and the presence of accessible chemical groups. Gelatin is used as a biomaterial in the biomedical sector for the creation of drug delivery systems (DDSs) since it may be applied to various synthetic procedures. Gelatin nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively employed as carriers for drugs and genes, specifically targeting diseased tissues such as cancer, tuberculosis, and HIV infection, as well as treating vasospasm and restenosis. This is mostly due to their biocompatibility and ability to degrade naturally. Gelatins possess a diverse array of potential applications that require more elucidation. This review focuses on the use of gelatin and its derivatives in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The advancement of biomaterials and bioreactors, coupled with the increasing understanding of emerging applications for biomaterials, has enabled progress in enhancing the efficacy of tumour treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Zhang
- University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jia Wang
- University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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3
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Chen HA, Tai YN, Hsieh EH, Thacker M, Lin IC, Tseng CL, Lin FH. Injectable cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogels with epigallocatechin gallate loading as vitreous substitutes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133467. [PMID: 38945319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) serves as a vitreous substitute owing to its ability to mimic the physical functions of native vitreous humor. However, pure HA hydrogels alone do not provide sufficient protection against potential inflammatory risks following vitrectomy. In this study, HA was crosslinked with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) to form HA hydrogels (HB). Subsequently, the anti-inflammatory agent epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was added to the hydrogel (HBE) for ophthalmic applications as a vitreous substitute. The characterization results indicated the successful preparation of HB with transparency, refractive index, and osmolality similar to those of native vitreous humor, and with good injectability. The anti-inflammatory ability of HBE was also confirmed by the reduced expression of inflammatory genes in retinal pigment epithelial cells treated with HBE compared with those treated with HB. In a New Zealand white rabbit model undergoing vitreous substitution treatment, HBE 50 (EGCG 50 μM addition) exhibited positive results at 28 days post-surgery. These outcomes included restored intraocular pressure, improved electroretinogram responses, minimal increase in corneal thickness, and no inflammation during histological examination. This study demonstrated the potential of an injectable HA-BDDE cross-linked hydrogel containing EGCG as a vitreous substitute for vitrectomy applications, offering prolonged degradation time and anti-inflammatory effects postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-An Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Shuang-Ho Campus, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ning Tai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine & College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Erh-Hsuan Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Shuang-Ho Campus, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Minal Thacker
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine & College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - I-Chan Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Li Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Shuang-Ho Campus, New Taipei City, Taiwan; International Ph. D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Shuang-Ho Campus, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Research Center of Biomedical Device, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan; International Ph. D. Program in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan..
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine & College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Nanomedicine (IBEN), National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
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Potaś J, Wach RA, Rokita B, Wróblewska M, Winnicka K. Evaluation of the impact of tragacanth/xanthan gum interpolymer complexation with chitosan on pharmaceutical performance of gels with secnidazole as potential periodontal treatment. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106657. [PMID: 38040098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis consists a group of dental disorders that affect about 70 % of the world population. The therapy mainly relies on mechanical removing bacterial biofilm, nevertheless, local or systemic antibacterial agents play a key role in treating the acute conditions. Secnidazole is a newer derivative of commonly used metronidazole with high safety profile and broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the applicability of polyelectrolyte complex-based hydrogels composed of anionic tragacanth with addition of xanthan gum and cationic chitosan as carriers for buccal/intra pocket delivery of secnidazole. Prepared hydrogels with 5 % and 10 % (w/w) drug content were evaluated pharmaceutically towards inter alia physicomechanical, rheological and thermal properties, drug release kinetics, swelling behavior or antimicrobial activity. Cytotoxicity against human primary umbilical vein endothelial cells was also assessed with two independent method. Stable compositions with secnidazole were obtained, however, various miscibility of the drug with the polymers was noted. By adding chitosan, antibacterial activity and swelling performance of the gels were improved, nevertheless, drop of the mucoadhesiveness was also recorded. Hydrogels with 5 % secnidazole were selected as effective antimicrobial compositions with the highest cytocompatibility. They might be considered as promising for oromucosal application with special attention given to SEC as an alternative locally administered antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Potaś
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C, Białystok 15-222, Poland.
| | - Radosław A Wach
- Department of Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Łódź University of Technology, Wróblewskiego 15, Łódź 93-590, Poland
| | - Bożena Rokita
- Department of Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Łódź University of Technology, Wróblewskiego 15, Łódź 93-590, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wróblewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C, Białystok 15-222, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Winnicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C, Białystok 15-222, Poland
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Mikhailov OV. Gelatin as It Is: History and Modernity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043583. [PMID: 36834993 PMCID: PMC9963746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The data concerning the synthesis and physicochemical characteristics of one of the practically important proteins-gelatin, as well as the possibilities of its practical application, are systematized and discussed. When considering the latter, emphasis is placed on the use of gelatin in those areas of science and technology that are associated with the specifics of the spatial/molecular structure of this high-molecular compound, namely, as a binder for the silver halide photographic process, immobilized matrix systems with a nano-level organization of an immobilized substance, matrices for creating pharmaceutical/dosage forms and protein-based nanosystems. It was concluded that the use of this protein is promising in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V Mikhailov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Certification and Quality Management, Kazan National Research Technological University, K. Marx Street 68, 420015 Kazan, Russia
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6
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Zhang Y, Liu X, Geng C, Shen H, Zhang Q, Miao Y, Wu J, Ouyang R, Zhou S. Two Hawks with One Arrow: A Review on Bifunctional Scaffolds for Photothermal Therapy and Bone Regeneration. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13030551. [PMID: 36770512 PMCID: PMC9920372 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite the significant improvement in the survival rate of cancer patients, the total cure of bone cancer is still a knotty clinical challenge. Traditional surgical resectionof bone tumors is less than satisfactory, which inevitably results in bone defects and the inevitable residual tumor cells. For the purpose of realizing minimal invasiveness and local curative effects, photothermal therapy (PTT) under the irradiation of near-infrared light has made extensive progress in ablating tumors, and various photothermal therapeutic agents (PTAs) for the treatment of bone tumors have thus been reported in the past few years, has and have tended to focus on osteogenic bio-scaffolds modified with PTAs in order to break through the limitation that PTT lacks, osteogenic capacity. These so-called bifunctional scaffolds simultaneously ablate bone tumors and generate new tissues at the bone defects. This review summarizes the recent application progress of various bifunctional scaffolds and puts forward some practical constraints and future perspectives on bifunctional scaffolds for tumor therapy and bone regeneration: two hawks with one arrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zhang
- Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xueyu Liu
- Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Chongrui Geng
- Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hongyu Shen
- Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Qiupeng Zhang
- Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (J.W.); (R.O.)
| | - Jingxiang Wu
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (J.W.); (R.O.)
| | - Ruizhuo Ouyang
- Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (J.W.); (R.O.)
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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7
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Effect of acidic and alkaline pretreatment on functional, structural and thermal properties of gelatin from waste fish scales. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04600-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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The Influence of Bloom Index, Endotoxin Levels and Polyethylene Glycol Succinimidyl Glutarate Crosslinking on the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Gelatin Biomaterials. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071003. [PMID: 34356627 PMCID: PMC8301829 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the medical device sector, bloom index and residual endotoxins should be controlled, as they are crucial regulators of the device’s physicochemical and biological properties. It is also imperative to identify a suitable crosslinking method to increase mechanical integrity, without jeopardising cellular functions of gelatin-based devices. Herein, gelatin preparations with variable bloom index and endotoxin levels were used to fabricate non-crosslinked and polyethylene glycol succinimidyl glutarate crosslinked gelatin scaffolds, the physicochemical and biological properties of which were subsequently assessed. Gelatin preparations with low bloom index resulted in hydrogels with significantly (p < 0.05) lower compression stress, elastic modulus and resistance to enzymatic degradation, and significantly higher (p < 0.05) free amine content than gelatin preparations with high bloom index. Gelatin preparations with high endotoxin levels resulted in films that induced significantly (p < 0.05) higher macrophage clusters than gelatin preparations with low endotoxin level. Our data suggest that the bloom index modulates the physicochemical properties, and the endotoxin content regulates the biological response of gelatin biomaterials. Although polyethylene glycol succinimidyl glutarate crosslinking significantly (p < 0.05) increased compression stress, elastic modulus and resistance to enzymatic degradation, and significantly (p < 0.05) decreased free amine content, at the concentration used, it did not provide sufficient structural integrity to support cell culture. Therefore, the quest for the optimal gelatin crosslinker continues.
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9
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Jaitli A, Roy J, Mcmahan S, Liao J, Tang L. An in vitro system to investigate IOL: Lens capsule interaction. Exp Eye Res 2021; 203:108430. [PMID: 33422509 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most common complication associated with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Unfortunately, current in vitro models cannot be used to assess the potential of PCO due to their failure to simulate the posterior curvature of the lens capsule (LC) and IOL, a factor known to affect PCO pathogenesis in clinic. To overcome such a challenge, a new system to study IOL: LC interaction and potentially predict PCO was developed in this effort. It is believed that the interactions between an IOL and the lens capsule may influence the extent of PCO formation. Specifically, strong adhesion force between an IOL and the LC may impede lens epithelial cell migration and proliferation and thus reduce PCO formation. To assess the adhesion force between an IOL and LC, a new in vitro model was established with simulated LC and a custom-designed micro-force tester. A method to fabricate simulated LCs was developed by imprinting IOLs onto molten gelatin to create simulated three dimensional (3D) LCs with curvature resembling the bag-like structure that collapses on the IOL post implantation. By pushing the LC mold vertically downward, while measuring the change in position of the bending bar with respect to its start position, the adhesion force between the IOLs and LCs was measured. An in vitro system that can measure the adhesion force reproducibly between an IOL and LC with a resolution of ~1 μN was established in this study. During system optimization, the 10% high molecular weight gelatin produced the best LC with the highest IOL: LC adhesion force with all test lenses that were fabricated from acrylic foldable, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and silicone materials. Test IOLs exerted different adhesion force with the 3D simulated LCs in the following sequence: acrylic foldable IOL > silicone IOL > PMMA IOL. These results are in good agreement with the clinical observations associated with PCO performance of IOLs made of the same materials. This novel in vitro system can provide valuable insight on the IOL: LC interplay and its relationship to clinical PCO outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Jaitli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Joyita Roy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Sara Mcmahan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Liping Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
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10
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Derkach SR, Voron’ko NG, Kuchina YA, Kolotova DS. Modified Fish Gelatin as an Alternative to Mammalian Gelatin in Modern Food Technologies. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3051. [PMID: 33352683 PMCID: PMC7766531 DOI: 10.3390/polym12123051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This review considers the main properties of fish gelatin that determine its use in food technologies. A comparative analysis of the amino acid composition of gelatin from cold-water and warm-water fish species, in comparison with gelatin from mammals, which is traditionally used in the food industry, is presented. Fish gelatin is characterized by a reduced content of proline and hydroxyproline which are responsible for the formation of collagen-like triple helices. For this reason, fish gelatin gels are less durable and have lower gelation and melting temperatures than mammalian gelatin. These properties impose significant restrictions on the use of fish gelatin in the technology of gelled food as an alternative to porcine and bovine gelatin. This problem can be solved by modifying the functional characteristics of fish gelatin by adding natural ionic polysaccharides, which, under certain conditions, are capable of forming polyelectrolyte complexes with gelatin, creating additional nodes in the spatial network of the gel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolay G. Voron’ko
- Department of Chemistry, Murmansk State Technical University, 183010 Murmansk, Russia; (S.R.D.); (Y.A.K.); (D.S.K.)
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Rajabi A, Esmaeili A. Preparation of three-phase nanocomposite antimicrobial scaffold BCP/Gelatin/45S5 glass with drug vancomycin and BMP-2 loading for bone regeneration. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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12
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Atencio S, Maestro A, Santamaría E, Gutiérrez JM, González C. Encapsulation of ginger oil in alginate-based shell materials. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Romano MR, Ferrara M, Gatto C, Giurgola L, Zanoni M, Angi M, Rinaldi M, Borgia A, Sorrentino T, D'Amato Tóthová J. Safety of silicone oils as intraocular medical device: An in vitro cytotoxicity study. Exp Eye Res 2020; 194:108018. [PMID: 32209320 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the cytotoxic effect of low molecular weight components (LMWC) and conventional silicone oils (SOs) 1000 cSt with different degree of purification (raw, intermediate, and purified) using in vitro cytotoxicity tests. Direct contact cytotoxicity tests were performed in BALB 3T3 and human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) using quantitative and qualitative evaluation according to the ISO 10993-5 (2009) standards. Conventional SOs 1000 cSt in form of raw, intermediate (intermediate product obtained during distillation process), and purified SO (final product after distillation) and a concentrate of LMWC (including siloxane chains with molecular weight up to 1557 g/mol) were directly applied to 100% of cell layer area for 24 h. Cell viability was quantified using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-28 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red uptake assays in ARPE-19 and BALB3T3, respectively. All tested samples, including the concentrate of LMWC, resulted to be not cytotoxic according to ISO 10993-5 in both qualitative and quantitative evaluations. However, the cellular viability was significantly higher in the intermediate and purified SO compared with the raw SO in ARPE-19 cells. No reduction in cell viability was detected by LMWC. The absence of cytotoxicity was observed for all tested samples in both BALB3T3 and ARPE-19 after 24 h of application. A direct cytotoxic effect is not likely to be involved in the potential complications related to SO and LMWC. Long-term potential adverse effects of SO could be related to the raw material and to different concentrations of LMWC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario R Romano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy; Eye Center, Humanitas, Via Gavazzeni 21, 24125, Bergamo, Italy.
| | | | - Claudio Gatto
- Alchilife S.R.L., Research and Development, viale Austria 14, 35020, Ponte San Nicolò, (PD), Italy
| | - Laura Giurgola
- Alchilife S.R.L., Research and Development, viale Austria 14, 35020, Ponte San Nicolò, (PD), Italy
| | - Michele Zanoni
- AL.CHI.MI.A. S.R.L., Technological Development Department, viale Austria 14, 35020, Ponte San Nicolò, (PD), Italy
| | - Martina Angi
- Ocular Oncology Service, Melanoma and Sarcoma Unit, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Venezian 1, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Rinaldi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second University of Napoli, via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Borgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy
| | - Tania Sorrentino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy
| | - Jana D'Amato Tóthová
- Alchilife S.R.L., Research and Development, viale Austria 14, 35020, Ponte San Nicolò, (PD), Italy
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14
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Biotechnological Preparation of Gelatines from Chicken Feet. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11061060. [PMID: 31216750 PMCID: PMC6631408 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the European Union (EU), about five tons of poultry by-product tissues are produced every year. Due to their high collagen content, they represent a significant raw material source for gelatine production. The aim of the paper was the biotechnological preparation of gelatine from chicken feet. The influence of selected process factors on the gelatine yield, gel strength, viscosity, and ash of gelatine was observed; a two-level factor design of experiments with three variable process factors (enzyme addition, enzyme treatment time, and gelatine extraction time) was applied. After grinding and separating soluble proteins and fat, the purified raw material was treated in water at pH 7.5 with the addition of endoprotease at 23 °C and after thorough washing with water at 80 °C, gelatine was extracted. By the suitable choice of process conditions, gelatine with high gel strength (220–320 bloom), low ash content (<2.0%) and viscosity of 3.5–7.3 mPa·s can be prepared. The extraction efficiency was 18–38%. The presented technology is innovative mainly by the enzymatic processing of the source raw material, which is economically, technologically, and environmentally beneficial for manufacturers. Chicken gelatines are a suitable alternative to gelatines made from mammals or fish, and can be used in many food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications.
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15
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Luo LJ, Lai JY. Epigallocatechin Gallate-Loaded Gelatin-g-Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) as a New Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Formulation for Topical Use in the Treatment of Dry Eye Syndrome. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9380. [PMID: 28839279 PMCID: PMC5571197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that biodegradable in situ gelling delivery systems may have potential applications in the design of ophthalmic pharmaceutical formulations, this study, for the first time, aims to develop gelatin-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (GN) carriers for topical epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) administration in the treatment of dry eye disease (DED). By temperature triggered sol-gel phase transition of copolymers, EGCG-loaded GN was prepared at 32 °C and characterized by FTIR, NMR, and HPLC analyses. Results of WST-1 and live/dead assays showed that GN materials have good compatibility with corneal epithelial cells. Gradual biodegradation of delivery carriers allowed sustained release of EGCG without drug toxicity. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity studies also indicated effective therapeutic drug levels at each time point within 3 days of release. In a rabbit dry eye model, corneal epithelial defects was ameliorated by treatment with single-dose administration of EGCG-containing GN. Furthermore, drug molecules released from carrier materials could prevent further tear evaporation and loss of mucin-secreting goblet cells in diseased animals. Our findings suggest that GN carrier is responsible for enhanced pharmacological efficacy of topically instilled EGCG, thereby demonstrating the benefits of using biodegradable in situ gelling delivery system to overcome the drawbacks of limited dry eye relief associated with eye drop dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jyuan Luo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan, ROC.
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Niehues E, Quadri MGN. SPINNABILITY, MORPHOLOGY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GELATINS WITH DIFFERENT BLOOM INDEX. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20170341s20150418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Niehues
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Chou SF, Luo LJ, Lai JY, Ma DHK. On the importance of Bloom number of gelatin to the development of biodegradable in situ gelling copolymers for intracameral drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2016; 511:30-43. [PMID: 27374201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the drawbacks associated with conventional antiglaucoma eye drops, this work demonstrated the feasibility of an effective alternative strategy to administer pilocarpine directly via intracameral injections of drug-containing biodegradable in situ gelling GN copolymers composed of gelatin and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Specifically, this study aims to understand the importance of Bloom number of gelatin, a physicochemical parameter, to the development of GN carriers for intracameral drug delivery in glaucoma therapy. Our results showed that both imino acid and triple-helix contents increased with increasing Bloom index from 75-100 to 300. The drug encapsulation efficiency in response to temperature-triggered phase transition in GN copolymers was affected by the Bloom index of gelatin. In addition, the differences in protein secondary structure significantly influenced the degradation rates of GN carriers, which were highly correlated with drug release profiles. The increase in released pilocarpine concentration led to a high intracellular calcium level in rabbit ciliary smooth muscle cell cultures, indicating a beneficial pharmacological response to a drug. Irrespective of Bloom number of gelatin, all carrier materials exhibited excellent in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility with corneal endothelium. In a glaucomatous rabbit model, intracameral injections of pilocarpine-containing GN synthesized from gelatins with various Bloom numbers had different abilities to improve ocular hypertension and induce pupillary constriction, indicating distinct antiglaucoma efficacies due to in vivo drug release. It is concluded that the effects on pharmacological treatment using GN carriers for intracameral pilocarpine administration demonstrate a strong dependence on the Bloom number of gelatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Feng Chou
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5061, USA
| | - Li-Jyuan Luo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, ROC; Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, ROC; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - David Hui-Kang Ma
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, ROC
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18
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Biomimetic composite scaffolds containing bioceramics and collagen/gelatin for bone tissue engineering - A mini review. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:1390-1401. [PMID: 27316767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a natural composite material consisting of an organic phase (collagen) and a mineral phase (calcium phosphate, especially hydroxyapatite). The strength of bone is attributed to the apatite, while the collagen fibrils are responsible for the toughness and visco-elasticity. The challenge in bone tissue engineering is to develop such biomimetic composite scaffolds, having a balance between biological and biomechanical properties. This review summarizes the current state of the field by outlining composite scaffolds made of gelatin/collagen in combination with bioactive ceramics for bone tissue engineering application.
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Lai JY, Li YT. Influence of Cross-Linker Concentration on the Functionality of Carbodiimide Cross-Linked Gelatin Membranes for Retinal Sheet Carriers. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2016; 22:277-95. [PMID: 20557713 DOI: 10.1163/092050609x12603600753204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbodiimide cross-linking can easily regulate the functionality of gelatin carriers used for retinal sheet delivery. This paper investigates the effect of cross-linker concentrations (0-0.4 mmol EDC/mg gelatin membrane (GM)) on the properties of the chemically-modified GMs. ATR-FT-IR and ninhydrin analyses results consistently indicated that the EDC cross-linking reaction approaches saturation at concentrations around 0.02 mmol EDC/mg GM. The thermal stability and resistance to water dissolution and collagenase digestion were significantly enhanced with increasing cross-linker concentration from 0.001 to 0.02 mmol EDC/mg GM. In addition, the chemical cross-linking did not affect the ability to form a tissue-encapsulating structure at 37°C. Irrespective of their cross-linking degree, the GMs had an appropriate degradation rate sufficient to allow tissue integration. It was noted that, although high cross-linker concentrations can be used to improve the delivery efficiency of gelatin samples, the treatment with 0.1-0.4 mmol EDC/mg GM may lead to poor biocompatibility. Results of Live/Dead and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression analyses showed that the exposure of ARPE-19 cultures to the test materials cross-linked with a concentration ≥0.1 mmol EDC/mg GM induces significant cytotoxicity and high levels of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6. However, the presence of EDC cross-linked gelatin membranes in the culture medium had no effect on the glutamate uptake capacity. It is concluded that among the cross-linked gelatin samples studied, 0.02 mmol EDC/mg GM is the best cross-linker concentration for preparation of retinal sheet delivery carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- a Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China; Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China
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Lai JY. Carbodiimide cross-linking of amniotic membranes in the presence of amino acid bridges. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 51:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Sorkio AE, Vuorimaa-Laukkanen EP, Hakola HM, Liang H, Ujula TA, Valle-Delgado JJ, Österberg M, Yliperttula ML, Skottman H. Biomimetic collagen I and IV double layer Langmuir-Schaefer films as microenvironment for human pluripotent stem cell derived retinal pigment epithelial cells. Biomaterials 2015; 51:257-269. [PMID: 25771016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The environmental cues received by the cells from synthetic substrates in vitro are very different from those they receive in vivo. In this study, we applied the Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) deposition, a variant of Langmuir-Blodgett technique, to fabricate a biomimetic microenvironment mimicking the structure and organization of native Bruch's membrane for the production of the functional human embryonic stem cell derived retinal pigment epithelial (hESC-RPE) cells. Surface pressure-area isotherms were measured simultaneously with Brewster angle microscopy to investigate the self-assembly of human collagens type I and IV on air-subphase interface. Furthermore, the structure of the prepared collagen LS films was characterized with scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, surface plasmon resonance measurements and immunofluorescent staining. The integrity of hESC-RPE on double layer LS films was investigated by measuring transepithelial resistance and permeability of small molecular weight substance. Maturation and functionality of hESC-RPE cells on double layer collagen LS films was further assessed by RPE-specific gene and protein expression, growth factor secretion, and phagocytic activity. Here, we demonstrated that the prepared collagen LS films have layered structure with oriented fibers corresponding to architecture of the uppermost layers of Bruch's membrane and result in increased barrier properties and functionality of hESC-RPE cells as compared to the commonly used dip-coated controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni E Sorkio
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere FM5/BMT, 33014 University of Tampere, Finland.
| | - Elina P Vuorimaa-Laukkanen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Hanna M Hakola
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Huamin Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina A Ujula
- Department of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Juan José Valle-Delgado
- Department of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Monika Österberg
- Department of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Marjo L Yliperttula
- Division of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Skottman
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere FM5/BMT, 33014 University of Tampere, Finland
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22
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Borrelli M, Joepen N, Reichl S, Finis D, Schoppe M, Geerling G, Schrader S. Keratin films for ocular surface reconstruction: Evaluation of biocompatibility in an in-vivo model. Biomaterials 2015; 42:112-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Photo-cross-linking of amniotic membranes for limbal epithelial cell cultivation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 45:313-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Lai JY, Wang PR, Luo LJ, Chen ST. Stabilization of collagen nanofibers with L-lysine improves the ability of carbodiimide cross-linked amniotic membranes to preserve limbal epithelial progenitor cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:5117-30. [PMID: 25395849 PMCID: PMC4227622 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s69689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome the drawbacks associated with limited cross-linking efficiency of carbodiimide modified amniotic membrane, this study investigated the use of l-lysine as an additional amino acid bridge to enhance the stability of a nanofibrous tissue matrix for a limbal epithelial cell culture platform. Results of ninhydrin assays and zeta potential measurements showed that the amount of positively charged amino acid residues incorporated into the tissue collagen chains is highly correlated with the l-lysine-pretreated concentration. The cross-linked structure and hydrophilicity of amniotic membrane scaffolding materials affected by the lysine molecular bridging effects were determined. With an increase in the l-lysine-pretreated concentration from 1 to 30 mM, the cross-linking density was significantly increased and water content was markedly decreased. The variations in resistance to thermal denaturation and enzymatic degradation were in accordance with the number of cross-links per unit mass of amniotic membrane, indicating l-lysine-modulated stabilization of collagen molecules. It was also noteworthy that the carbodiimide cross-linked tissue samples prepared using a relatively high l-lysine-pretreated concentration (ie, 30 mM) appeared to have decreased light transmittance and biocompatibility, probably due to the influence of a large nanofiber size and a high charge density. The rise in stemness gene and protein expression levels was dependent on improved cross-link formation, suggesting the crucial role of amino acid bridges in constructing suitable scaffolds to preserve limbal progenitor cells. It is concluded that mild to moderate pretreatment conditions (ie, 3–10 mM l-lysine) can provide a useful strategy to assist in the development of carbodiimide cross-linked amniotic membrane as a stable stem cell niche for corneal epithelial tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China ; Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China ; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pei-Ran Wang
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Jyuan Luo
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Si-Tan Chen
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Rose JB, Pacelli S, Haj AJE, Dua HS, Hopkinson A, White LJ, Rose FRAJ. Gelatin-Based Materials in Ocular Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 7:3106-3135. [PMID: 28788609 PMCID: PMC5453355 DOI: 10.3390/ma7043106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gelatin has been used for many years in pharmaceutical formulation, cell culture and tissue engineering on account of its excellent biocompatibility, ease of processing and availability at low cost. Over the last decade gelatin has been extensively evaluated for numerous ocular applications serving as cell-sheet carriers, bio-adhesives and bio-artificial grafts. These different applications naturally have diverse physical, chemical and biological requirements and this has prompted research into the modification of gelatin and its derivatives. The crosslinking of gelatin alone or in combination with natural or synthetic biopolymers has produced a variety of scaffolds that could be suitable for ocular applications. This review focuses on methods to crosslink gelatin-based materials and how the resulting materials have been applied in ocular tissue engineering. Critical discussion of recent innovations in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine will highlight future opportunities for gelatin-based materials in ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Rose
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Settimio Pacelli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alicia J El Haj
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK.
| | - Harminder S Dua
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Andrew Hopkinson
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Lisa J White
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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Kempka AP, Souza SMAGUD, Ulson de Souza AA, Prestes RC, Ogliari D. Influence of bloom number and plastifiers on gelatin matrices produced for enzyme immobilization. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322014000100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - D. Ogliari
- State University of Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Stanzel BV, Liu Z, Somboonthanakij S, Wongsawad W, Brinken R, Eter N, Corneo B, Holz FG, Temple S, Stern JH, Blenkinsop TA. Human RPE stem cells grown into polarized RPE monolayers on a polyester matrix are maintained after grafting into rabbit subretinal space. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 2:64-77. [PMID: 24511471 PMCID: PMC3916756 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is being developed as a cell-replacement therapy for age-related macular degeneration. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived RPE are currently translating toward clinic. We introduce the adult human RPE stem cell (hRPESC) as an alternative RPE source. Polarized monolayers of adult hRPESC-derived RPE grown on polyester (PET) membranes had near-native characteristics. Trephined pieces of RPE monolayers on PET were transplanted subretinally in the rabbit, a large-eyed animal model. After 4 days, retinal edema was observed above the implant, detected by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and fundoscopy. At 1 week, retinal atrophy overlying the fetal or adult transplant was observed, remaining stable thereafter. Histology obtained 4 weeks after implantation confirmed a continuous polarized human RPE monolayer on PET. Taken together, the xeno-RPE survived with retained characteristics in the subretinal space. These experiments support that adult hRPESC-derived RPE are a potential source for transplantation therapies. Adult hRPESC-derived RPE had comparable in vitro characteristics to fetal hRPE hRPE monolayers survived 4 weeks on PET carriers under the rabbit retina Better xenograft survival may be due to the maintained hRPE cell polarity Atrophy of the retina overlaying the hRPE xenograft remains a future challenge
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris V Stanzel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Zengping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Sudawadee Somboonthanakij
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany ; Mettapracharak Eye Institute, Raikhing, Nakhon Pathom 73210, Thailand
| | - Warapat Wongsawad
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany ; Mettapracharak Eye Institute, Raikhing, Nakhon Pathom 73210, Thailand
| | - Ralf Brinken
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Nicole Eter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Muenster, Muenster 48149, Germany
| | | | - Frank G Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Sally Temple
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
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Lai JY. Effect of chemical composition on corneal tissue response to photopolymerized materials comprising 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and acrylic acid. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 34:334-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lai JY. Relationship between structure and cytocompatibility of divinyl sulfone cross-linked hyaluronic acid. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 101:203-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lai JY. Biodegradable in situ gelling delivery systems containing pilocarpine as new antiglaucoma formulations: effect of a mercaptoacetic acid/N-isopropylacrylamide molar ratio. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2013; 7:1273-85. [PMID: 24187486 PMCID: PMC3810330 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s53759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ocular drug delivery is one of the most commonly used treatment modalities in the management of glaucoma. We have recently proposed the use of gelatin and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) graft copolymers as biodegradable in situ forming delivery systems for the intracameral administration of antiglaucoma medications. In this study, we further investigated the influence of carrier characteristics on drug delivery performance. The carboxyl-terminated PNIPAAm samples with different molecular weights were synthesized by varying the molar ratio of mercaptoacetic acid (MAA)/N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) from 0.05 to 1.25, and were determined by end-group titration. The preparation of gelatin-g-PNIPAAm (GN) copolymers from these thermoresponsive polymers was achieved using carbodiimide chemistry. Our results showed that the carboxylic end-capped PNIPAAm of high molecular weight may lead to the lower thermal phase transition temperature and slower degradation rate of GN vehicles than its low molecular weight counterparts. With a decreasing MAA/NIPAAm molar ratio, the drug encapsulation efficiency of copolymers was increased due to fast temperature-triggered capture of pilocarpine nitrate. The degradation of the gelatin network could greatly affect the drug release profiles. All of the GN copolymeric carriers demonstrated good corneal endothelial cell and tissue compatibility. It is concluded that different types of GN-based delivery systems exhibit noticeably distinct intraocular pressure-lowering effect and miosis action, thereby reflecting the potential value of a MAA/NIPAAm molar ratio in the development of new antiglaucoma formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Lai JY. Influence of solvent composition on the performance of carbodiimide cross-linked gelatin carriers for retinal sheet delivery. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:2201-2210. [PMID: 23677435 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4961-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Gelatin is a protein molecule that displays bioaffinity and provides a template to guide retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell organization and growth. We have recently demonstrated that the carbodiimide cross-linked gelatin membranes can be used as retinal sheet carriers. The purpose of this work was to further determine the role of solvent composition in the tissue delivery performance of chemically modified biopolymer matrices. The gelatin molecules were treated with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) in the presence of binary ethanol/water mixtures with varying ethanol concentrations (70-95 vol%) to obtain the carriers with different cross-linking efficiencies and mechanical properties. Results of melting point measurements and in vitro degradation tests showed that when the cross-linking index reached a high level of around 45 %, the EDC cross-linked gelatin materials have sufficient thermal stability and resistance to enzymatic degradation, indicating their suitability for the development of carriers for retinal sheet delivery. Irrespective of the solvent composition, the chemically modified gelatin samples are compatible toward human RPE cells without causing toxicity and inflammation. In particular, the membrane carriers prepared by the cross-linking in the presence of solvent mixtures containing 80-90 vol% of ethanol have no impact on the proliferative capacity of ARPE-19 cultures and possess good efficiency in transferring and encapsulating the retinal tissues. It is concluded that, except for cell viability and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, the retinal sheet delivery performance strongly depends on the solvent composition for EDC cross-linking of gelatin molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302 Taiwan, Republic of China.
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32
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Lai JY, Ma DHK, Lai MH, Li YT, Chang RJ, Chen LM. Characterization of cross-linked porous gelatin carriers and their interaction with corneal endothelium: biopolymer concentration effect. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54058. [PMID: 23382866 PMCID: PMC3559727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell sheet-mediated tissue regeneration is a promising approach for corneal reconstruction. However, the fragility of bioengineered corneal endothelial cell (CEC) monolayers allows us to take advantage of cross-linked porous gelatin hydrogels as cell sheet carriers for intraocular delivery. The aim of this study was to further investigate the effects of biopolymer concentrations (5–15 wt%) on the characteristic and safety of hydrogel discs fabricated by a simple stirring process combined with freeze-drying method. Results of scanning electron microscopy, porosity measurements, and ninhydrin assays showed that, with increasing solid content, the pore size, porosity, and cross-linking index of carbodiimide treated samples significantly decreased from 508±30 to 292±42 µm, 59.8±1.1 to 33.2±1.9%, and 56.2±1.6 to 34.3±1.8%, respectively. The variation in biopolymer concentrations and degrees of cross-linking greatly affects the Young’s modulus and swelling ratio of the gelatin carriers. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements and glucose permeation studies indicated that for the samples with a highest solid content, the highest pore wall thickness and the lowest fraction of mobile water may inhibit solute transport. When the biopolymer concentration is in the range of 5–10 wt%, the hydrogels have high freezable water content (0.89–0.93) and concentration of permeated glucose (591.3–615.5 µg/ml). These features are beneficial to the in vitro cultivation of CECs without limiting proliferation and changing expression of ion channel and pump genes such as ATP1A1, VDAC2, and AQP1. In vivo studies by analyzing the rabbit CEC morphology and count also demonstrate that the implanted gelatin discs with the highest solid content may cause unfavorable tissue-material interactions. It is concluded that the characteristics of cross-linked porous gelatin hydrogel carriers and their triggered biological responses are in relation to biopolymer concentration effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Lai JY. Corneal stromal cell growth on gelatin/chondroitin sulfate scaffolds modified at different NHS/EDC molar ratios. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:2036-55. [PMID: 23337203 PMCID: PMC3565364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14012036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A nanoscale modification strategy that can incorporate chondroitin sulfate (CS) into the cross-linked porous gelatin materials has previously been proposed to give superior performance for designed corneal keratocyte scaffolds. The purpose of this work was to further investigate the influence of carbodiimide chemistry on the characteristics and biofunctionalities of gelatin/CS scaffolds treated with varying N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)/1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) molar ratios (0-1) at a constant EDC concentration of 10 mM. Results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dimethylmethylene blue assays consistently indicated that when the NHS to EDC molar ratio exceeds a critical level (i.e., 0.5), the efficiency of carbodiimide-mediated biomaterial modification is significantly reduced. With the optimum NHS/EDC molar ratio of 0.5, chemical treatment could achieve relatively high CS content in the gelatin scaffolds, thereby enhancing the water content, glucose permeation, and fibronectin adsorption. Live/Dead assays and interleukin-6 mRNA expression analyses demonstrated that all the test samples have good cytocompatibility without causing toxicity and inflammation. In the molar ratio range of NHS to EDC from 0 to 0.5, the cell adhesion ratio and proliferation activity on the chemically modified samples significantly increased, which is attributed to the increasing CS content. Additionally, the materials with highest CS content (0.143 ± 0.007 nmol/10 mg scaffold) showed the greatest stimulatory effect on the biosynthetic activity of cultivated keratocytes. These findings suggest that a positive correlation is noticed between the NHS to EDC molar ratio and the CS content in the biopolymer matrices, thereby greatly affecting the corneal stromal cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
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Lai JY. Solvent Composition is Critical for Carbodiimide Cross-Linking of Hyaluronic Acid as an Ophthalmic Biomaterial. MATERIALS 2012. [PMCID: PMC5449031 DOI: 10.3390/ma5101986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is one of the most important ophthalmic biomaterials, while also being used for tissue engineering and drug delivery. Although chemical cross-linking is an effective way to improve the material performance, it may as a consequence be detrimental to the living cells/tissues. Given that the cross-linking efficiency is mediated by the solvent composition during the chemical modification, this study aims to explore the stability and biocompatibility of carbodiimide cross-linked HA in relation to material processing conditions by varying the acetone/water volume ratio (from 70:30 to 95:5) at a constant 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) concentration of 100 mM. Our results indicated that after the EDC treatment in the presence of an acetone/water mixture (85:15, v/v), the HA hydrogel membranes have the lowest equilibrium water content, the highest stress at break and the greatest resistance to hyaluronidase digestion. Live/Dead assays and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression analyses showed that the cross-linked HA hydrogel membranes, irrespective of the solvent composition, are compatible with human RPE cell lines without causing toxicity and inflammation. However, it should be noted that the test samples prepared by the cross-linking in the presence of acetone/water mixtures containing 70, 75, and 95 vol % of acetone slightly inhibit the metabolic activity of viable ARPE-19 cultures, probably due to the alteration in the ionic interaction between the medium nutrients and polysaccharide biomaterials. In summary, the water content, mechanical strength and RPE cell proliferative capacity strongly depends on the solvent composition for carbodiimide cross-linking of HA materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-3-211-8800, ext. 3598; Fax: +886-3-211-8668
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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Lai JY. Biocompatibility of genipin and glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan materials in the anterior chamber of the eye. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:10970-10985. [PMID: 23109832 PMCID: PMC3472724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130910970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a naturally occurring cationic polysaccharide and has attracted much attention in the past decade as an important ophthalmic biomaterial. We recently demonstrated that the genipin (GP) cross-linked chitosan is compatible with human retinal pigment epithelial cells. The present work aims to further investigate the in vivo biocompatibility of GP-treated chitosan (GP-chi group) by adopting the anterior chamber of a rabbit eye model. The glutaraldehyde (GTA) cross-linked samples (GTA-chi group) were used for comparison. The 7-mm-diameter membrane implants made from either non-cross-linked chitosan or chemically modified materials with a cross-linking degree of around 80% were inserted in the ocular anterior chamber for 24 weeks and characterized by slit-lamp and specular microscopic examinations, intraocular pressure measurements, and corneal thickness measurements. The interleukin-6 expressions at mRNA level were also detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results of clinical observations showed that the overall ocular scores in the GTA-chi groups were relatively high. In contrast, the rabbits bearing GP-chi implants in the anterior chamber of the eye exhibited no signs of ocular inflammation. As compared to the non-cross-linked counterparts, the GP-chi samples improved the preservation of corneal endothelial cell density and possessed better anti-inflammatory activities, indicating the benefit action of the GP cross-linker. In summary, the intracameral tissue response to the chemically modified chitosan materials strongly depends on the selection of cross-linking agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 (ext. 3598); Fax: +886-3-211-8668
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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LAI JUIYANG. EVALUATION OF CROSS-LINKING TIME FOR POROUS GELATIN HYDROGELS ON CELL SHEET DELIVERY PERFORMANCE. J MECH MED BIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519411004873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the drawbacks posed by surgical manipulation of bioengineered corneal endothelial cell (CEC) sheets, a simple stirring process combined with freeze-drying method was recently developed for the production of cross-linked porous gelatin hydrogels that can provide the support structure and improve the aqueous humor circulation. In this study, we further evaluated the influence of cross-linking time (0–48 h) on the delivery performance of carbodiimide modified gelatin carriers. It was found that smaller pore size, lower porosity, and larger superficial area were associated with increasing extent of cross-linking of the carrier discs. Although the hydrogels treated for short reaction time (i.e., below 6 h) had low resistance to initial nutrient permeation, these materials exhibited rapid swelling, implying a potential anterior segment tissue squeezing effect for use as intraocular implants. In addition, the delivery carriers with limited extent of cross-linking degraded too fast to be effective for retention of cell sheet grafts at the site of injury. By contrast, the gelatin samples with cross-linking degrees greater than 50% showed slower degradation rates and smaller porous structure, thereby possibly causing a significant inhibition of CEC proliferation. Cell sheet transfer studies demonstrated that the carrier discs with a high cross-linking degree (59.4 ± 1.3%) were more difficult to achieve stable cell attachment than their counterparts with a low cross-linking degree (48.3 ± 1.5%). Our findings suggest that among the cross-linked porous samples studied, 12 h is the best cross-linking reaction time for preparation of cell sheet carriers with suitable delivery performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- JUI-YANG LAI
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, R. O. C
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Lai JY, Li YT, Cho CH, Yu TC. Nanoscale modification of porous gelatin scaffolds with chondroitin sulfate for corneal stromal tissue engineering. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:1101-14. [PMID: 22403490 PMCID: PMC3292420 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s28753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies reflect the importance of using naturally occurring biopolymers as three-dimensional corneal keratocyte scaffolds and suggest that the porous structure of gelatin materials may play an important role in controlling nutrient uptake. In the current study, the authors further consider the application of carbodiimide cross-linked porous gelatin as an alternative to collagen for corneal stromal tissue engineering. The authors developed corneal keratocyte scaffolds by nanoscale modification of porous gelatin materials with chondroitin sulfate (CS) using carbodiimide chemistry. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the amount of covalently incorporated polysaccharide was significantly increased when the CS concentration was increased from 0% to 1.25% (w/v). In addition, as demonstrated by dimethylmethylene blue assays, the CS content in these samples was in the range of 0.078–0.149 nmol per 10 mg scaffold. When compared with their counterparts without CS treatment, various CS-modified porous gelatin membranes exhibited higher levels of water content, light transmittance, and amount of permeated nutrients but possessed lower Young’s modulus and resistance against protease digestion. The hydrophilic and mechanical properties of scaffolds modified with 0.25% CS were comparable with those of native corneas. The samples from this group were biocompatible with the rabbit corneal keratocytes and showed enhanced proliferative and biosynthetic capacity of cultured cells. In summary, the authors found that the nanoscale-level modification has influence on the characteristics and cell-material interactions of CS-containing gelatin hydrogels. Porous membranes with a CS content of 0.112 ± 0.003 nmol per 10 mg scaffold may hold potential for use in corneal stromal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Pierce BF, Pittermann E, Ma N, Gebauer T, Neffe AT, Hölscher M, Jung F, Lendlein A. Viability of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded on Crosslinked Entropy-Elastic Gelatin-Based Hydrogels. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:312-21. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Lai JY, Wang TP, Li YT, Tu IH. Synthesis, characterization and ocular biocompatibility of potential keratoprosthetic hydrogels based on photopolymerized poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-co-poly(acrylic acid). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm14211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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A gelatin-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) biodegradable in situ gelling delivery system for the intracameral administration of pilocarpine. Biomaterials 2011; 33:2372-87. [PMID: 22182746 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the aminated gelatin was grafted with carboxylic end-capped poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PN) via a carbodiimide-mediated coupling reaction to fabricate biodegradable in situ forming delivery systems for intracameral administration of antiglaucoma medications. The chemical structure of the graft copolymers (GN) was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. When the feed molar ratio of NH(2)/COOH was 0.36, the grafting ratio, efficiency and degree of grafting, and weight ratio of PN to aminated gelatin was 25.6, 18.6%, 52.6%, and 1.9, respectively. As compared to PN, the GN samples possessed better thermal gelation ability and adherence, indicating remarkable phase transition properties. Under gelatinase degradation, the remaining weight of GN was significantly lower than those of PN at each time point from 8 h to 4 weeks. Cytocompatibility studies showed that the culture of anterior segment cells with both in situ forming gels does not affect proliferation and has little effect on inflammation. Higher encapsulation efficiency (~62%) and cumulative release (~95%) were achieved for GN vehicles, which was attributed to initial fast temperature triggered capture of pilocarpine and subsequent progressive degradation of gelatin network. In a rabbit glaucoma model, the performance of delivery carriers was evaluated by biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure (IOP), and pupil size change. Intracameral administration of pilocarpine using GN was found to be more effective than other methods such as instillation of eye drop and injection of free drug or PN containing drug in improving ocular bioavailability and extending the pharmacological responses (i.e., miosis and IOP lowering effect and preservation of corneal endothelial cell density).
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In vitro response of retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to chitosan materials prepared with different cross-linkers. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:5256-72. [PMID: 21614206 PMCID: PMC3100825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11125256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between cells and biopolymers is the evaluation indicator of the biocompatibility of materials. The purpose of this work was to examine the responses of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells to genipin (GP) or glutaraldehyde (GTA) cross-linked chitosan by means of cell viability assays, cytokine expression analyses, and apoptosis assays. Evaluations of non-cross-linked chitosan were conducted simultaneously for comparison. Both GP and GTA treated samples with the same extent of cross-linking (around 80%) were prepared by varying cross-linking time. Our results showed that GP cross-linking was carried out by either radical polymerization of the monomers or SN2 nucleophilic substitution reaction involving the replacement of the ester group on the monomer with a secondary amide linkage. On the other hand, GTA could react with free amino groups of chitosan, leading to the formation of either the Schiff bases or the Michael-type adducts with terminal aldehydes. The biocompatibility of non-cross-linked chitosan membranes was demonstrated by the absence of any signs of toxicity or inflammation reaction. The present study showed that the ARPE-19 cells exposed to GTA cross-linked chitosan membranes had significantly higher cytotoxicity, interleukin-6 levels, and number of TUNEL-positive nuclei than did those exposed to GP treated samples. In addition, the materials modified with GTA trigger apoptosis at an early stage and may induce toxicity in the RPE cells later. The findings suggest that while the chitosan molecules bridged by GP are satisfactorily cytocompatible, the counterparts treated by GTA do not seem to be tolerated. In terms of material safety, the GP cross-linked chitosan may be compatible with human RPE cells and may have a potential application as delivery carriers in the treatment of posterior segment diseases.
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Carbodiimide cross-linked amniotic membranes for cultivation of limbal epithelial cells. Biomaterials 2010; 31:6647-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lai JY, Li YT. Functional assessment of cross-linked porous gelatin hydrogels for bioengineered cell sheet carriers. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:1387-97. [PMID: 20355704 DOI: 10.1021/bm100213f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An efficient carrier for corneal endothelial cell therapy should deliver and retain the cell sheet transplants at the site of injury without causing adverse effects. Here we introduced a simple stirring process combined with freeze-drying (SFD1) method for the development of gelatin hydrogels with enlarged pore structure that can improve the aqueous humor circulation. Samples fabricated by air-drying (AD) or freeze-drying method were used for comparison. After cross-linking with 1 mM 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), the discs were investigated to assess their functionality. The simultaneous presence of ice crystals and gas bubbles resulted in large pore size (461 +/- 85 mum) and high porosity (48.0 +/- 1.9%) of SFD1 carriers. Among all of the samples studied, the SFD1 hydrogels showed the most appropriate swelling characteristics without squeezing effect on the anterior segment tissues of the eye. The enlarged pore structure also allowed carriers to contain the highest fraction of mobile water and exhibit the lowest resistance to the glucose permeation. In comparison with AD samples, the SFD1 materials had better cytocompatibility and biocompatibility and more effectively prevented a drastic change of intraocular pressure. Rheological measurements showed that the SFD1 hydrogels behaved like an elastic solid and had a tough (rigid and deformable) texture. As a temporary supporter, the biodegradable gelatin hydrogel could facilitate cell sheet transfer and avoid long-term residence of foreign carriers in the body. Our findings suggest that the gelatin discs with enlarged pore structure have potential as cell sheet carriers for intraocular delivery and corneal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, Republic of China.
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Lai JY, Li YT. Evaluation of cross-linked gelatin membranes as delivery carriers for retinal sheets. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2010.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lai JY. Biocompatibility of chemically cross-linked gelatin hydrogels for ophthalmic use. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2010; 21:1899-1911. [PMID: 20238149 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatibility is a major requirement for the development of functional biomaterials for ophthalmic applications. In this study, we investigated the effect of cross-linker functionality on ocular biocompatibility of chemically modified gelatin hydrogels. The test materials were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GTA) or 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), and were analyzed using in vitro and in vivo assays. Primary rat iris pigment epithelial cultures were incubated with various gelatin discs for 2 days, and the cellular responses were monitored by cell proliferation, viability, and pro-inflammatory gene and cytokine expression. The results demonstrated that the cells exposed to EDC cross-linked gelatins had relatively lower lactate dehydrogenase activity, cytotoxicity, and interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels than did those to GTA treated samples. In addition, the gelatin implants were inserted in the anterior chamber of rabbit eyes for 12 weeks and characterized by clinical observations and scanning electron microscopy studies. The EDC cross-linked gelatin hydrogels exhibited good biocompatibility and were well tolerated without causing toxicity and adverse effects. However, a significant inflammatory reaction was elicited by the presence of GTA treated materials. It was noted that, despite its biocompatibility, the potential application of non-cross-linked gelatin for local delivery of cell and drug therapeutics would be limited due to rapid dissolution in aqueous environments. In conclusion, these findings suggest ocular cell/tissue response to changes in cross-linker properties. In comparison to GTA treatment, the EDC cross-linking is more suitable for preparation of chemically modified gelatin hydrogels for ophthalmic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, 33302, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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