1
|
Ma J, Li G, Wang H, Mo C. Comprehensive review of potential drugs with anti-pulmonary fibrosis properties. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116282. [PMID: 38401514 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and progressive lung disease characterized by the accumulation of scar tissue in the lungs, which leads to impaired lung function and reduced quality of life. The prognosis for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which is the most common form of pulmonary fibrosis, is generally poor. The median survival for patients with IPF is estimated to be around 3-5 years from the time of diagnosis. Currently, there are two approved drugs (Pirfenidone and Nintedanib) for the treatment of IPF. However, Pirfenidone and Nintedanib are not able to reverse or cure pulmonary fibrosis. There is a need for new pharmacological interventions that can slow or halt disease progression and cure pulmonary fibrosis. This review aims to provide an updated overview of current and future drug interventions for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and to summarize possible targets of potential anti-pulmonary fibrosis drugs, providing theoretical support for further clinical combination therapy or the development of new drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; The Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chunheng Mo
- The Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Isshiki T, Naiel S, Vierhout M, Otsubo K, Ali P, Tsubouchi K, Yazdanshenas P, Kumaran V, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Kolb MRJ, Ask K. Therapeutic strategies to target connective tissue growth factor in fibrotic lung diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 253:108578. [PMID: 38103794 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of interstitial lung diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), remains challenging as current available antifibrotic agents are not effective in halting disease progression. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), also known as cellular communication factor 2 (CCN2), is a member of the CCN family of proteins that regulates cell signaling through cell surface receptors such as integrins, the activity of cytokines/growth factors, and the turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Accumulating evidence indicates that CTGF plays a crucial role in promoting lung fibrosis through multiple processes, including inducing transdifferentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cooperating with other fibrotic mediators such as TGF-β. Increased expression of CTGF has been observed in fibrotic lungs and inhibiting CTGF signaling has been shown to suppress lung fibrosis in several animal models. Thus, the CTGF signaling pathway is emerging as a potential therapeutic target in IPF and other pulmonary fibrotic conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on the pathogenic role of CTGF in pulmonary fibrosis and discusses the current therapeutic agents targeting CTGF using a systematic review approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Isshiki
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, 5o Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 48L, Canada; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori Nisi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
| | - Safaa Naiel
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, 5o Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 48L, Canada
| | - Megan Vierhout
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, 5o Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 48L, Canada
| | - Kohei Otsubo
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, 5o Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada; Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Pareesa Ali
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, 5o Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 48L, Canada
| | - Kazuya Tsubouchi
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, 5o Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada; Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Parichehr Yazdanshenas
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, 5o Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 48L, Canada
| | - Vaishnavi Kumaran
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, 5o Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 48L, Canada
| | - Anna Dvorkin-Gheva
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 48L, Canada
| | - Martin R J Kolb
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, 5o Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Kjetil Ask
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, 5o Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 48L, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luo H, Lou KC, Xie LY, Zeng F, Zou JR. Pharmacotherapy of urethral stricture. Asian J Androl 2024; 26:1-9. [PMID: 37738151 PMCID: PMC10846832 DOI: 10.4103/aja202341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Urethral stricture is characterized by the chronic formation of fibrous tissue, leading to the narrowing of the urethral lumen. Despite the availability of various endoscopic treatments, the recurrence of urethral strictures remains a common challenge. Postsurgery pharmacotherapy targeting tissue fibrosis is a promising option for reducing recurrence rates. Although drugs cannot replace surgery, they can be used as adjuvant therapies to improve outcomes. In this regard, many drugs have been proposed based on the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of urethral stricture. Ongoing studies have obtained substantial progress in treating urethral strictures, highlighting the potential for improved drug effectiveness through appropriate clinical delivery methods. Therefore, this review summarizes the latest researches on the mechanisms related to the pathophysiology of urethral stricture and the drugs to provide a theoretical basis and new insights for the effective use and future advancements in drug therapy for urethral stricture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Ke-Cheng Lou
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Ling-Yu Xie
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Fei Zeng
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jun-Rong Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou 341000, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
May J, Mitchell JA, Jenkins RG. Beyond epithelial damage: vascular and endothelial contributions to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e172058. [PMID: 37712420 PMCID: PMC10503802 DOI: 10.1172/jci172058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive scarring disease of the lung with poor survival. The incidence and mortality of IPF are rising, but treatment remains limited. Currently, two drugs can slow the scarring process but often at the expense of intolerable side effects, and without substantially changing overall survival. A better understanding of mechanisms underlying IPF is likely to lead to improved therapies. The current paradigm proposes that repetitive alveolar epithelial injury from noxious stimuli in a genetically primed individual is followed by abnormal wound healing, including aberrant activity of extracellular matrix-secreting cells, with resultant tissue fibrosis and parenchymal damage. However, this may underplay the importance of the vascular contribution to fibrogenesis. The lungs receive 100% of the cardiac output, and vascular abnormalities in IPF include (a) heterogeneous vessel formation throughout fibrotic lung, including the development of abnormal dilated vessels and anastomoses; (b) abnormal spatially distributed populations of endothelial cells (ECs); (c) dysregulation of endothelial protective pathways such as prostacyclin signaling; and (d) an increased frequency of common vascular and metabolic comorbidities. Here, we propose that vascular and EC abnormalities are both causal and consequential in the pathobiology of IPF and that fuller evaluation of dysregulated pathways may lead to effective therapies and a cure for this devastating disease.
Collapse
|
5
|
Fujimoto T, Inoue-Mochita M, Inoue T. A ROCK inhibitor suppresses the transforming growth factor-beta-2-induced endothelial-mesenchymal transition in Schlemm's canal endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9655. [PMID: 37316554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the normal eye, most of the aqueous humor drains through the trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal (SC). The concentration of transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β2) is increased in the aqueous humor of primary open angle glaucoma patients. TGF-β2 increases outflow resistance by affecting the TM and SC, and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) of SC cells is involved in these changes. Here, we investigated the effect of a ROCK inhibitor on TGF-β2-induced EndMT in SC cells. The ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 suppressed the TGF-β2-induced increase in the trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TER) and proliferation of SC cells. Y-27632 suppressed the expression of α-SMA, N-cadherin, and Snail, which are upregulated by TGF-β2. Moreover, TGF-β2 decreased mRNA levels of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4 and increased those of the BMP antagonist gremlin (GREM1), but Y-27632 significantly suppressed these changes. Y-27632 also inhibited TGF-β2-induced phosphorylation of p-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). BMP4 and the p-38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 suppressed the TGF-β2-induced TER elevation in SC cells. Moreover, SB203580 suppressed TGF-β2-induced upregulation of fibronectin, Snail, and GREM1. These results indicate that a ROCK inhibitor inhibited the TGF-β2-induced EndMT in SC cells, implying the involvement of p38 MAPK and BMP4 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Fujimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Inoue-Mochita
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fu S, Wen Y, Peng B, Tang M, Shi M, Liu J, Yang Y, Si W, Guo Y, Li X, Yan T, Kang J, Pei H, Chen L. Discovery of indoline-based derivatives as effective ROCK2 inhibitors for the potential new treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Bioorg Chem 2023; 137:106539. [PMID: 37163811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and devastating lung disease with a median survival of only 3-5 years. Due to the lack of effective therapy, IPF threatens human health. Recently, increasing reports have indicated that Rho-associated coiled-coil protein kinases (ROCKs) play important roles in the development of IPF and might represent a novel target for the treatment of IPF. Herein, a new series of selective ROCK2 inhibitors based on indoline were designed and synthesized. Structural modification resulted in optimized compound 9b with an IC50 value of 6 nM against ROCK2 and the inhibition of collagen gel contraction. Cellular assays demonstrated that 9b could significantly suppress the expression of collagen I and α-SMA, and inhibited ROCK signaling pathway. Oral administration of compound 9b (10 mg/kg) exerted more significant anti-pulmonary fibrosis effects than nintedanib (100 mg/kg) and KD025 (100 mg/kg) in a bleomycin-induced IPF rat model, suggesting that 9b could serve as a potential lead compound for the treatment of IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhong Fu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingsong Shi
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yingxue Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenting Si
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiandeng Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tingting Yan
- Sichuan Good Doctor Panxi Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Xichang 615000, China
| | - Jie Kang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Medicinal American Cockroach, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Heying Pei
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China..
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.; Chengdu Zenitar Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xie Y, Yue L, Shi Y, Su X, Gan C, Liu H, Xue T, Ye T. Application and Study of ROCK Inhibitors in Pulmonary Fibrosis: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4342-4360. [PMID: 36940432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing kinases (ROCKs), serine/threonine protein kinases, were initially identified as downstream targets of the small GTP-binding protein Rho. Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a lethal disease with limited therapeutic options and a particularly poor prognosis. Interestingly, ROCK activation has been demonstrated in PF patients and in animal PF models, making it a promising target for PF treatment. Many ROCK inhibitors have been discovered, and four of these have been approved for clinical use; however, no ROCK inhibitors are approved for the treatment of PF patients. In this article, we describe ROCK signaling pathways and the structure-activity relationship, potency, selectivity, binding modes, pharmacokinetics (PKs), biological functions, and recently reported inhibitors of ROCKs in the context of PF. We will also focus our attention on the challenges to be addressed when targeting ROCKs and discuss the strategy of ROCK inhibitor use in the treatment of PF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Xie
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lin Yue
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yaojie Shi
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xingping Su
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Cailing Gan
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hongyao Liu
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Taixiong Xue
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Proietti R, Giordani AS, Lorenzo CA. ROCK (RhoA/Rho Kinase) Activation in Atrial Fibrillation: Molecular Pathways and Clinical Implications. Curr Cardiol Rev 2023; 19:e171122210986. [PMID: 36625201 PMCID: PMC10280999 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x19666221117092951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the complex mechanisms of AF pathogenesis, intracellular calcium overload and oxidative stress play a major role, both triggered by inflammatory processes. The additional basic event taking place in AF is atrial fibrotic remodeling, again triggered by oxidative stress, which is determined by connexins rearrangement and differentiation of fibroblasts into active collagensecreting myofibroblasts. RhoA/ROCK system is the final pathway of a wide spectrum of molecular effectors such as Angiotensin II, platelet-derived growth factor, connective tissue growth factor and transforming growth factor β, that overall determine calcium dysregulation and pro-fibrotic remodeling. Both in experimental and clinical studies, RhoA/ROCK activation has been linked to superoxide ion production, fibrotic remodeling and connexins rearrangement, with important consequences for AF pathogenesis. ROCK pathway inhibition may therefore be a therapeutic or preventive target for special AF subgroups of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Proietti
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea S. Giordani
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Calò A. Lorenzo
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Padua and Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu C, Shang Z, Najafi M. Lung Pneumonitis and Fibrosis in Cancer Therapy: A Review on Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1505-1525. [PMID: 36082868 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220907144131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis and pneumonitis are the most important side effects of lung tissue following cancer therapy. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy by some drugs, such as bleomycin, can induce pneumonitis and fibrosis. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy also may induce pneumonitis and fibrosis to a lesser extent compared to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Activation of lymphocytes by immunotherapy or infiltration of inflammatory cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and mast cells following chemo/radiation therapy can induce pneumonitis. Furthermore, the polarization of macrophages toward M2 cells and the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines stimulate fibrosis. Lung fibrosis and pneumonitis may also be potentiated by some other changes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), oxidative stress, reduction/oxidation (redox) responses, renin-angiotensin system, and the upregulation of some inflammatory mediators such as a nuclear factor of kappa B (NF-κB), inflammasome, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Damages to the lung vascular system and the induction of hypoxia also can induce pulmonary injury following chemo/radiation therapy. This review explains various mechanisms of the induction of pneumonitis and lung fibrosis following cancer therapy. Furthermore, the targets and promising agents to mitigate lung fibrosis and pneumonitis will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Xu
- Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China
| | - Zhongtu Shang
- Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Q, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Bi Z, Ma X, Wei Y, Wei X. Inhibition of ROCK ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing M2 macrophage polarisation through phosphorylation of STAT3. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1036. [PMID: 36178087 PMCID: PMC9523675 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence provides mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and rare anti-PF therapeutic method has promising effect in its treatment. Rho-associated coiled-coil kinases (ROCK) inhibition significantly ameliorates bleomycin-induced PF and decreases macrophage infiltration, but the mechanism remains unclear. We established bleomycin and radiation-induced PF to identify the activity of WXWH0265, a newly designed unselective ROCK inhibitor in regulating macrophages. METHODS Bleomycin-induced PF was induced by intratracheal instillation and radiation-induced PF was induced by bilateral thoracic irradiation. Histopathological techniques (haematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemistry) and hydroxyproline were used to evaluate PF severity. Western blot, quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were used to verify their therapeutic effect. Clodronate liposomes were applied to deplete macrophages and to identify the therapeutic effect of WXWH0265. RESULTS Therapeutic administration of ROCK inhibitor ameliorates bleomycin-induced PF by inhibiting M2 macrophages polarisation. ROCK inhibitor showed no significant anti-fibrotic effect in macrophages-depleted mice. Treatment with WXWH0265 demonstrated superior protection effect in bleomycin-induced PF compared with positive drugs. In radiation-induced PF, ROCK inhibitor effectively ameliorated PF. Fibroblasts co-cultured with supernatant from various M2 macrophages phenotypes revealed that M2 macrophages stimulated by interleukin-4 promoted extracellular matrix production. Polarisation of M2 macrophages was inhibited by ROCK inhibitor treatment in vitro. The p-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in lung tissue and BMDMs was significantly decreased in PF in vivo and vitro after treated with ROCK inhibitors. CONCLUSION Inhibiting ROCK could significantly attenuate bleomycin- and radiation-induced PF by regulating the macrophages polarisation via phosphorylation of STAT3. WXWH0265 is a kind of efficient unselective ROCK inhibitor in ameliorating PF. Furthermore, the results provide empirical evidence that ROCK inhibitor, WXWH0265 is a potential drug to prevent the development of PF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Li
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPR China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPR China
| | - Zhenfei Bi
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPR China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPR China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPR China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPR China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gu Z, Yan Y, Yao H, Lin K, Li X. Targeting the LPA1 signalling pathway for fibrosis therapy: a patent review (2010-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:1097-1122. [PMID: 36175357 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2130753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibrosis is a disease that damages organs and even causes death. Because of the complicated pathogenesis, the development of drugs for fibrosis is challenging. In the lysophosphatidic acid receptor type 1 (LPA1) signalling pathway, LPA1 and its downstream Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase (ROCK) are related to the process of fibrosis. Targeting LPA1 signalling pathway is a potential strategy for the treatment of fibrosis. AREA COVERED This review describes the process of fibrosis mediated by the LPA1 signalling pathway and then summarizes LPA1 antagonist patents reported since 2010 and ROCK inhibitor patents since 2017 according to their scaffolds based on the Cortellis Drug Discovery Intelligence database. Information on LPA1 antagonists entering clinical trials is integrated. EXPERT OPINION Over the past decade, a large number of antagonists targeting the LPA1 signalling pathway have been patented for fibrosis therapy. A limited number of compounds have entered clinical trials. Different companies and research groups have used different scaffolds when designing compounds for fibrosis therapy. Therefore, LPA1 and ROCK are competitive targets for the development of new therapies for fibrosis to provide a potential treatment method for fibrosis in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hequan Yao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kejiang Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuanyi Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu L, Song W, Zeng J, Peng Z. Evaluating a Specific Dual ROCK Inhibitor against Bleomycin-Induced Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:819-828. [PMID: 36110377 PMCID: PMC9469187 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and fatal lung disease. Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCK) 1/2 are promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of IPF. However, a single inhibition of each of them is insufficient to prevent bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. The current work reported that bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis can be reduced by dual inhibition of ROCK1/2 with compound 1. We evaluated the dual-selective ROCK1/2 inhibition activity of compound 1, its toxicity, and its preliminary efficacy on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. In vitro, compound 1 served as the ROCK1/2 inhibitor with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 165 ±10.4 nM for ROCK1 and 16.1 ± 2.82 nM for ROCK2. In NIH/3T3 cells, compound 1 inhibited the mRNA expression of COL 1A1 and α-SMA. At therapeutic levels, compound 1 exhibited neither hepatic nor cardiac toxicity, also no CYP450 enzyme inhibition. In vivo, compound 1 had good pharmacokinetic properties, and its oral administration reduced bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. All the outcomes prove the drug-like characteristics of compound 1 for the treatment of IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Wuhan
Createrna Science and Technology Co.Ltd, Wuhan East Lake High-Tech
Development Zone, Biolake
C2-2, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Wei Song
- School
of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Wuhan
Createrna Science and Technology Co.Ltd, Wuhan East Lake High-Tech
Development Zone, Biolake
C2-2, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Zhihong Peng
- School
of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hasan M, Paul NC, Paul SK, Saikat ASM, Akter H, Mandal M, Lee SS. Natural Product-Based Potential Therapeutic Interventions of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Molecules 2022; 27:1481. [PMID: 35268581 PMCID: PMC8911636 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a disease-refractive lung condition with an increased rate of mortality. The potential factors causing PF include viral infections, radiation exposure, and toxic airborne chemicals. Idiopathic PF (IPF) is related to pneumonia affecting the elderly and is characterized by recurring scar formation in the lungs. An impaired wound healing process, defined by the dysregulated aggregation of extracellular matrix components, triggers fibrotic scar formation in the lungs. The potential pathogenesis includes oxidative stress, altered cell signaling, inflammation, etc. Nintedanib and pirfenidone have been approved with a conditional endorsement for the management of IPF. In addition, natural product-based treatment strategies have shown promising results in treating PF. In this study, we reviewed the recently published literature and discussed the potential uses of natural products, classified into three types-isolated active compounds, crude extracts of plants, and traditional medicine, consisting of mixtures of different plant products-in treating PF. These natural products are promising in the treatment of PF via inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial mesenchymal transition, as well as affecting TGF-β-mediated cell signaling, etc. Based on the current review, we have revealed the signaling mechanisms of PF pathogenesis and the potential opportunities offered by natural product-based medicine in treating PF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahbub Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka 8100, Bangladesh; (N.C.P.); (S.K.P.); (A.S.M.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Oriental Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea
| | - Nidhan Chandra Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka 8100, Bangladesh; (N.C.P.); (S.K.P.); (A.S.M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Shamrat Kumar Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka 8100, Bangladesh; (N.C.P.); (S.K.P.); (A.S.M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Abu Saim Mohammad Saikat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka 8100, Bangladesh; (N.C.P.); (S.K.P.); (A.S.M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Hafeza Akter
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Division, Health Medical Science Research Foundation, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Manoj Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka 8100, Bangladesh; (N.C.P.); (S.K.P.); (A.S.M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Department of Oriental Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lin C, Zheng X, Lin S, Zhang Y, Wu J, Li Y. Mechanotransduction Regulates the Interplays Between Alveolar Epithelial and Vascular Endothelial Cells in Lung. Front Physiol 2022; 13:818394. [PMID: 35250619 PMCID: PMC8895143 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.818394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stress plays a critical role among development, functional maturation, and pathogenesis of pulmonary tissues, especially for the alveolar epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells located in the microenvironment established with vascular network and bronchial-alveolar network. Alveolar epithelial cells are mainly loaded by cyclic strain and air pressure tension. While vascular endothelial cells are exposed to shear stress and cyclic strain. Currently, the emerging evidences demonstrated that non-physiological mechanical forces would lead to several pulmonary diseases, including pulmonary hypertension, fibrosis, and ventilation induced lung injury. Furthermore, a series of intracellular signaling had been identified to be involved in mechanotransduction and participated in regulating the physiological homeostasis and pathophysiological process. Besides, the communications between alveolar epithelium and vascular endothelium under non-physiological stress contribute to the remodeling of the pulmonary micro-environment in collaboration, including hypoxia induced injuries, endothelial permeability impairment, extracellular matrix stiffness elevation, metabolic alternation, and inflammation activation. In this review, we aim to summarize the current understandings of mechanotransduction on the relation between mechanical forces acting on the lung and biological response in mechanical overloading related diseases. We also would like to emphasize the interplays between alveolar epithelium and vascular endothelium, providing new insights into pulmonary diseases pathogenesis, and potential targets for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuyang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sha Lin
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinlin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Benfaremo D, Svegliati S, Paolini C, Agarbati S, Moroncini G. Systemic Sclerosis: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010163. [PMID: 35052842 PMCID: PMC8773282 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic, immune-mediated chronic disorder characterized by small vessel alterations and progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. The combination of a predisposing genetic background and triggering factors that causes a persistent activation of immune system at microvascular and tissue level is thought to be the pathogenetic driver of SSc. Endothelial alterations with subsequent myofibroblast activation, excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and unrestrained tissue fibrosis are the pathogenetic steps responsible for the clinical manifestations of this disease, which can be highly heterogeneous according to the different entity of each pathogenic step in individual subjects. Although substantial progress has been made in the management of SSc in recent years, disease-modifying therapies are still lacking. Several molecular pathways involved in SSc pathogenesis are currently under evaluation as possible therapeutic targets in clinical trials. These include drugs targeting fibrotic and metabolic pathways (e.g., TGF-β, autotaxin/LPA, melanocortin, and mTOR), as well as molecules and cells involved in the persistent activation of the immune system (e.g., IL4/IL13, IL23, JAK/STAT, B cells, and plasma cells). In this review, we provide an overview of the most promising therapeutic targets that could improve the future clinical management of SSc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devis Benfaremo
- Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedali Riuniti “Umberto I-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi”, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Silvia Svegliati
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.S.); (C.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Chiara Paolini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.S.); (C.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Silvia Agarbati
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.S.); (C.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Gianluca Moroncini
- Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedali Riuniti “Umberto I-G.M. Lancisi-G. Salesi”, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (S.S.); (C.P.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Weder B, Schefer F, van Haaften WT, Patsenker E, Stickel F, Mueller S, Hutter S, Schuler C, Baebler K, Wang Y, Mamie C, Dijkstra G, de Vallière C, Imenez Silva PH, Wagner CA, Frey-Wagner I, Ruiz PA, Seuwen K, Rogler G, Hausmann M. New Therapeutic Approach for Intestinal Fibrosis Through Inhibition of pH-Sensing Receptor GPR4. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:109-125. [PMID: 34320209 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) express increased mucosal levels of pH-sensing receptors compared with non-IBD controls. Acidification leads to angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling. We aimed to determine the expression of pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) in fibrotic lesions in Crohn's disease (CD) patients. We further evaluated the effect of deficiency in Gpr4 or its pharmacologic inhibition. METHODS Paired samples from fibrotic and nonfibrotic terminal ileum were obtained from CD patients undergoing ileocaecal resection. The effects of Gpr4 deficiency were assessed in the spontaneous Il-10-/- and the chronic dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) murine colitis model. The effects of Gpr4 deficiency and a GPR4 antagonist (39c) were assessed in the heterotopic intestinal transplantation model. RESULTS In human terminal ileum, increased expression of fibrosis markers was accompanied by an increase in GPR4 expression. A positive correlation between the expression of procollagens and GPR4 was observed. In murine disease models, Gpr4 deficiency was associated with a decrease in angiogenesis and fibrogenesis evidenced by decreased vessel length and expression of Edn, Vegfα, and procollagens. The heterotopic animal model for intestinal fibrosis, transplanted with terminal ileum from Gpr4-/- mice, revealed a decrease in mRNA expression of fibrosis markers and a decrease in collagen content and layer thickness compared with grafts from wild type mice. The GPR4 antagonist decreased collagen deposition. The GPR4 expression was also observed in human and murine intestinal fibroblasts. The GPR4 inhibition reduced markers of fibroblast activation stimulated by low pH, notably Acta2 and cTgf. CONCLUSIONS Expression of GPR4 positively correlates with the expression of profibrotic genes and collagen. Deficiency of Gpr4 is associated with a decrease in angiogenesis and fibrogenesis. The GPR4 antagonist decreases collagen deposition. Targeting GPR4 with specific inhibitors may constitute a new treatment option for IBD-associated fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Schefer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wouter Tobias van Haaften
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Patsenker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Stickel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Alcohol Research, Salem Medical Center University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Senta Hutter
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cordelia Schuler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Baebler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Céline Mamie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro H Imenez Silva
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and National Center of Competence in Research Kidney Control of Homeostasis, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and National Center of Competence in Research Kidney Control of Homeostasis, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Forum1 Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Okamoto Y, Kitakaze K, Takenouchi Y, Yamamoto S, Ishimaru H, Tsuboi K. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor type 2 positively regulates interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13-induced STAT6 phosphorylation. Cell Signal 2021; 88:110156. [PMID: 34592416 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports have demonstrated that sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor type 2 (S1P2) is involved in the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 6. Additionally, the major signaling pathway of S1P2 is the Rho-Rho kinase pathway. In this study, we examined the role of S1P2 in STAT6 activation in a macrophage (Mφ) model using THP-1 cells differentiated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). We established S1P2knockout THP-1 cells using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system. The PMA-treated S1P2knockout THP-1 Mφs showed decreases in IL-4/IL-13-induced phosphorylation of Janus-activated kinase (JAK) 1, JAK2, and STAT6 as well as mRNA expression of the M2 marker ARG1 compared with wild-type THP-1 Mφs. Pretreatment of PMA-treated THP-1 Mφs with the S1P2 antagonist JTE-013, the Rho inhibitor Rhosin or the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 inhibited the IL-4/IL-13-induced increase in STAT6 phosphorylation. The expressions of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 in the S1P2knockout THP-1 Mφs were higher than those in wild-type THP-1 Mφs. In addition, the protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor vanadate enhanced IL-4-induced STAT6 phosphorylation in the S1P2knockout THP-1 Mφs, suggesting that S1P2-Rho-Rho kinase inhibited the negative regulation of STAT6. These results suggest that the S1P2-Rho-Rho kinase pathway is necessary for full activation of STAT6 by IL-4/IL-13 in Mφs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Kitakaze
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takenouchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ishimaru
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tsuboi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Marchioni A, Tonelli R, Cerri S, Castaniere I, Andrisani D, Gozzi F, Bruzzi G, Manicardi L, Moretti A, Demurtas J, Baroncini S, Andreani A, Cappiello GF, Busani S, Fantini R, Tabbì L, Samarelli AV, Clini E. Pulmonary Stretch and Lung Mechanotransduction: Implications for Progression in the Fibrotic Lung. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126443. [PMID: 34208586 PMCID: PMC8234308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung fibrosis results from the synergic interplay between regenerative deficits of the alveolar epithelium and dysregulated mechanisms of repair in response to alveolar and vascular damage, which is followed by progressive fibroblast and myofibroblast proliferation and excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix. The increased parenchymal stiffness of fibrotic lungs significantly affects respiratory mechanics, making the lung more fragile and prone to non-physiological stress during spontaneous breathing and mechanical ventilation. Given their parenchymal inhomogeneity, fibrotic lungs may display an anisotropic response to mechanical stresses with different regional deformations (micro-strain). This behavior is not described by the standard stress–strain curve but follows the mechano-elastic models of “squishy balls”, where the elastic limit can be reached due to the excessive deformation of parenchymal areas with normal elasticity that are surrounded by inelastic fibrous tissue or collapsed induration areas, which tend to protrude outside the fibrous ring. Increasing evidence has shown that non-physiological mechanical forces applied to fibrotic lungs with associated abnormal mechanotransduction could favor the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. With this review, we aim to summarize the state of the art on the relation between mechanical forces acting on the lung and biological response in pulmonary fibrosis, with a focus on the progression of damage in the fibrotic lung during spontaneous breathing and assisted ventilatory support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marchioni
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.M.); (S.C.); (I.C.); (D.A.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (A.V.S.); (E.C.)
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (A.A.); (G.F.C.); (R.F.); (L.T.)
| | - Roberto Tonelli
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.M.); (S.C.); (I.C.); (D.A.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (A.V.S.); (E.C.)
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (A.A.); (G.F.C.); (R.F.); (L.T.)
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefania Cerri
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.M.); (S.C.); (I.C.); (D.A.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (A.V.S.); (E.C.)
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (A.A.); (G.F.C.); (R.F.); (L.T.)
| | - Ivana Castaniere
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.M.); (S.C.); (I.C.); (D.A.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (A.V.S.); (E.C.)
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (A.A.); (G.F.C.); (R.F.); (L.T.)
| | - Dario Andrisani
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.M.); (S.C.); (I.C.); (D.A.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (A.V.S.); (E.C.)
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (A.A.); (G.F.C.); (R.F.); (L.T.)
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Filippo Gozzi
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.M.); (S.C.); (I.C.); (D.A.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (A.V.S.); (E.C.)
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (A.A.); (G.F.C.); (R.F.); (L.T.)
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Bruzzi
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.M.); (S.C.); (I.C.); (D.A.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (A.V.S.); (E.C.)
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (A.A.); (G.F.C.); (R.F.); (L.T.)
| | - Linda Manicardi
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.M.); (S.C.); (I.C.); (D.A.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (A.V.S.); (E.C.)
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (A.A.); (G.F.C.); (R.F.); (L.T.)
| | - Antonio Moretti
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.M.); (S.C.); (I.C.); (D.A.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (A.V.S.); (E.C.)
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (A.A.); (G.F.C.); (R.F.); (L.T.)
| | - Jacopo Demurtas
- Primary Care Department USL Toscana Sud Est-Grosseto, 58100 Grosseto, Italy;
| | - Serena Baroncini
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (A.A.); (G.F.C.); (R.F.); (L.T.)
| | - Alessandro Andreani
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (A.A.); (G.F.C.); (R.F.); (L.T.)
| | - Gaia Francesca Cappiello
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (A.A.); (G.F.C.); (R.F.); (L.T.)
| | - Stefano Busani
- University Hospital of Modena, Anesthesiology Unit, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Fantini
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (A.A.); (G.F.C.); (R.F.); (L.T.)
| | - Luca Tabbì
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (A.A.); (G.F.C.); (R.F.); (L.T.)
| | - Anna Valeria Samarelli
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.M.); (S.C.); (I.C.); (D.A.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (A.V.S.); (E.C.)
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (A.A.); (G.F.C.); (R.F.); (L.T.)
| | - Enrico Clini
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.M.); (S.C.); (I.C.); (D.A.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (A.V.S.); (E.C.)
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (A.A.); (G.F.C.); (R.F.); (L.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cutler C. Treating Inflammation and Fibrosis in Chronic GVHD: Two Birds, One ROCK. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:1942-1945. [PMID: 33877859 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
20
|
Kim K, Min S, Kim D, Kim H, Roh S. A Rho Kinase (ROCK) Inhibitor, Y-27632, Inhibits the Dissociation-Induced Cell Death of Salivary Gland Stem Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092658. [PMID: 34062818 PMCID: PMC8124333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland stem cells (SGSCs) are potential cell sources for the treatment of salivary gland diseases. The control of cell survival is an essential factor for applying stem cells to regenerative medicine or stem cell-based research. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 on the survival of SGSCs and its underlying mechanisms. SGSCs were isolated from mouse submandibular glands and cultured in suspension. Treatment with Y-27632 restored the viability of SGSCs that was significantly decreased during isolation and the subsequent culture. Y-27632 upregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 in SGSCs and, in the apoptosis assay, significantly reduced apoptotic and necrotic cell populations. Matrigel was used to mimic the extracellular environment of an intact salivary gland. The expression of genes regulating apoptosis and the ROCK signaling pathway was significantly reduced when SGSCs were embedded in Matrigel. SGSCs cultured in Matrigel and treated with Y-27632 showed no difference in the total numbers of spheroids and expression levels of apoptosis-regulating genes. Matrigel-embedded SGSCs treated with Y-27632 increased the number of spheroids with budding structures and the expression of acinar cell-specific marker AQP5. We demonstrate the protective effects of Y-27632 against dissociation-induced apoptosis of SGSCs during their culture in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kichul Kim
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Sol Min
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Daehwan Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Sangho Roh
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.K.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-2333
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
New insights into the Hippo/YAP pathway in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105635. [PMID: 33930530 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease characterised by an inexorable decline in lung function. The development of IPF involves multiple positive feedback loops; and a strong support role of the Hippo/YAP signalling pathway, which is essential for regulating cell proliferation and organ size, in IPF pathogenesis has been unveiled recently in cell and animal models. YAP/TAZ contributes to both pulmonary fibrosis and alveolar regeneration via the conventional Hippo/YAP signalling pathway, G protein-coupled receptor signalling, and mechanotransduction. Selectively inhibiting YAP/TAZ in lung fibroblasts may inhibit fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition, while activating YAP/TAZ in alveolar epithelial cells may promote alveolar regeneration. In this review, we explore, for the first time, the bidirectional and cell-specific regulation of the Hippo/YAP pathway in IPF pathogenesis and discuss recent research progress and future prospects of IPF treatment based on Hippo/YAP signalling, thus providing a basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies to alleviate or even reverse IPF.
Collapse
|
22
|
De Pieri A, Korman BD, Jüngel A, Wuertz-Kozak K. Engineering Advanced In Vitro Models of Systemic Sclerosis for Drug Discovery and Development. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000168. [PMID: 33852183 PMCID: PMC8717409 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex multisystem disease with the highest case-specific mortality among all autoimmune rheumatic diseases, yet without any available curative therapy. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic antifibrotic strategies that effectively decrease skin and organ fibrosis is needed. Existing animal models are cost-intensive, laborious and do not recapitulate the full spectrum of the disease and thus commonly fail to predict human efficacy. Advanced in vitro models, which closely mimic critical aspects of the pathology, have emerged as valuable platforms to investigate novel pharmaceutical therapies for the treatment of SSc. This review focuses on recent advancements in the development of SSc in vitro models, sheds light onto biological (e.g., growth factors, cytokines, coculture systems), biochemical (e.g., hypoxia, reactive oxygen species) and biophysical (e.g., stiffness, topography, dimensionality) cues that have been utilized for the in vitro recapitulation of the SSc microenvironment, and highlights future perspectives for effective drug discovery and validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea De Pieri
- Dr. A. De Pieri, Prof. K. Wuertz-Kozak, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), 106 Lomb Memorial Rd., Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Benjamin D Korman
- Prof. B. D. Korman, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Astrid Jüngel
- Prof. A. Jüngel, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Clinic of Rheumatology, Balgrist University Hospital, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
- Prof. A. Jüngel, Department of Physical Medicine and Rheumatology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Karin Wuertz-Kozak
- Dr. A. De Pieri, Prof. K. Wuertz-Kozak, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), 106 Lomb Memorial Rd., Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
- Prof. K. Wuertz-Kozak, Schön Clinic Munich Harlaching, Spine Center, Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg (Austria), Munich, 81547, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu X, Verschut V, Woest ME, Ng-Blichfeldt JP, Matias A, Villetti G, Accetta A, Facchinetti F, Gosens R, Kistemaker LEM. Rho-Kinase 1/2 Inhibition Prevents Transforming Growth Factor-β-Induced Effects on Pulmonary Remodeling and Repair. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:609509. [PMID: 33551810 PMCID: PMC7855981 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.609509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced myofibroblast transformation and alterations in mesenchymal-epithelial interactions contribute to chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and pulmonary fibrosis. Rho-associated coiled-coil-forming protein kinase (ROCK) consists as two isoforms, ROCK1 and ROCK2, and both are playing critical roles in many cellular responses to injury. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the differential role of ROCK isoforms on TGF-β signaling in lung fibrosis and repair. For this purpose, we tested the effect of a non-selective ROCK 1 and 2 inhibitor (compound 31) and a selective ROCK2 inhibitor (compound A11) in inhibiting TGF-β-induced remodeling in lung fibroblasts and slices; and dysfunctional epithelial-progenitor interactions in lung organoids. Here, we demonstrated that the inhibition of ROCK1/2 with compound 31 represses TGF-β-driven actin remodeling as well as extracellular matrix deposition in lung fibroblasts and PCLS, whereas selective ROCK2 inhibition with compound A11 did not. Furthermore, the TGF-β induced inhibition of organoid formation was functionally restored in a concentration-dependent manner by both dual ROCK 1 and 2 inhibition and selective ROCK2 inhibition. We conclude that dual pharmacological inhibition of ROCK 1 and 2 counteracts TGF-β induced effects on remodeling and alveolar epithelial progenitor function, suggesting this to be a promising therapeutic approach for respiratory diseases associated with fibrosis and defective lung repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Wu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Manon E. Woest
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- AQUILO BV, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - John-Poul Ng-Blichfeldt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ana Matias
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gino Villetti
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R and D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Accetta
- Corporate Pre-Clinical R and D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy
| | | | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Loes E. M. Kistemaker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- AQUILO BV, Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Feng H, Huang X, Fu W, Dong X, Yang F, Li L, Chu L. A Rho kinase inhibitor (Fasudil) suppresses TGF-β mediated autophagy in urethra fibroblasts to attenuate traumatic urethral stricture (TUS) through re-activating Akt/mTOR pathway: An in vitro study. Life Sci 2020; 267:118960. [PMID: 33373654 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) mediated super-activation of urethra fibroblasts contributes to the progression of traumatic urethral stricture (TUS), and the Rho-associated kinase inhibitors, Fasudil, might be a novel therapeutic agent for TUS, but the underlying mechanisms had not been studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS The primary urethral fibroblasts (PUFs) were isolated from rabbit urethral scar tissues and cultured in vitro, and the PUFs were subsequently treated with TGF-β (10 μg/L) to simulate the realistic conditions of TUS pathogenesis. Next, the PUFs were exposed to Fasudil (50 μM) and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) treatment. Genes expression was examined by Western Blot and immunofluorescence staining, and cellular functions were determined by MTT assay and Transwell assay. KEY FINDINGS TGF-β promoted cell proliferation, migration, autophagy, and secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM), including collagen I and collagen III, which were reversed by co-treating cells with both Fasudil and 3-MA. In addition, TGF-β treatment decreased the expression levels of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and mTOR (p-mTOR) to inactivate the Akt/mTOR pathway in the PUFs, which could be re-activated by Fasudil. Then, the fibroblasts were treated with the Pan-Akt inhibitor (GDC-0068), and we surprisingly found that GDC-0068 abrogated the inhibiting effects of Fasudil on cell autophagy and proliferation in the PUFs treated with TGF-β. SIGNIFICANCE Fasudil regulated Akt/mTOR pathway mediated autophagy to hamper TGF-β-mediated super-activation in PUFs, which supported that Fasudil might be an ideal candidate therapeutic agent for TUS treatment for clinical utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Feng
- Department of Urology Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xiaobing Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Weihua Fu
- Department of Urology Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xingyou Dong
- Department of Urology Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Fengxia Yang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Longkun Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Lingling Chu
- Department of Nursing, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Glass DS, Grossfeld D, Renna HA, Agarwala P, Spiegler P, Kasselman LJ, Glass AD, DeLeon J, Reiss AB. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Molecular mechanisms and potential treatment approaches. Respir Investig 2020; 58:320-335. [PMID: 32487481 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive disease with high mortality that commonly occurs in middle-aged and older adults. IPF, characterized by a decline in lung function, often manifests as exertional dyspnea and cough. Symptoms result from a fibrotic process driven by alveolar epithelial cells that leads to increased migration, proliferation, and differentiation of lung fibroblasts. Ultimately, the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, which synthesize excessive amounts of extracellular matrix proteins, destroys the lung architecture. However, the factors that induce the fibrotic process are unclear. Diagnosis can be a difficult process; the gold standard for diagnosis is the multidisciplinary conference. Practical biomarkers are needed to improve diagnostic and prognostic accuracy. High-resolution computed tomography typically shows interstitial pneumonia with basal and peripheral honeycombing. Gas exchange and diffusion capacity are impaired. Treatments are limited, although the anti-fibrotic drugs pirfenidone and nintedanib can slow the progression of the disease. Lung transplantation is often contraindicated because of age and comorbidities, but it improves survival when successful. The incidence and prevalence of IPF has been increasing and there is an urgent need for improved therapies. This review covers the detailed cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying IPF progression as well as current treatments and cutting-edge research into new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Glass
- Department of Medicine and Winthrop Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine and NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA.
| | - David Grossfeld
- Department of Medicine and Winthrop Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine and NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA.
| | - Heather A Renna
- Department of Medicine and Winthrop Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine and NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA.
| | - Priya Agarwala
- Department of Medicine and Winthrop Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine and NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA.
| | - Peter Spiegler
- Department of Medicine and Winthrop Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine and NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA.
| | - Lora J Kasselman
- Department of Medicine and Winthrop Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine and NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA.
| | - Amy D Glass
- Department of Medicine and Winthrop Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine and NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA.
| | - Joshua DeLeon
- Department of Medicine and Winthrop Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine and NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA.
| | - Allison B Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Winthrop Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine and NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Deng Z, Fear MW, Suk Choi Y, Wood FM, Allahham A, Mutsaers SE, Prêle CM. The extracellular matrix and mechanotransduction in pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 126:105802. [PMID: 32668329 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is characterised by excessive scarring in the lung which leads to compromised lung function, serious breathing problems and in some diseases, death. It includes several lung disorders with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) the most common and most severe. Pulmonary fibrosis is considered to be perpetuated by aberrant wound healing which leads to fibroblast accumulation, differentiation and activation, and deposition of excessive amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, in particular, collagen. Recent studies have identified the importance of changes in the composition and structure of lung ECM during the development of pulmonary fibrosis and the interaction between ECM and lung cells. There is strong evidence that increased matrix stiffness induces changes in cell function including proliferation, migration, differentiation and activation. Understanding how changes in the ECM microenvironment influence cell behaviour during fibrogenesis, and the mechanisms regulating these changes, will provide insight for developing new treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Deng
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Mark W Fear
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, WA, Australia; Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Yu Suk Choi
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Fiona M Wood
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, WA, Australia; Burns Service of Western Australia, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Amira Allahham
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Steven E Mutsaers
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Centre for Respiratory Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Cecilia M Prêle
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Centre for Respiratory Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tschumperlin DJ, Lagares D. Mechano-therapeutics: Targeting Mechanical Signaling in Fibrosis and Tumor Stroma. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 212:107575. [PMID: 32437826 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathological remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by activated myofibroblasts is a hallmark of fibrotic diseases and desmoplastic tumors. Activation of myofibroblasts occurs in response to fibrogenic tissue injury as well as in tumor-associated fibrotic reactions. The molecular determinants of myofibroblast activation in fibrosis and tumor stroma have traditionally been viewed to include biochemical agents, such as dysregulated growth factor and cytokine signaling, which profoundly alter the biology of fibroblasts, ultimately leading to overexuberant matrix deposition and fibrosis. More recently, compelling evidence has shown that altered mechanical properties of the ECM such as matrix stiffness are major drivers of tissue fibrogenesis by promoting mechano-activation of fibroblasts. In this Review, we discuss new insights into the role of the biophysical microenvironment in the amplified activation of fibrogenic myofibroblasts during the development and progression of fibrotic diseases and desmoplastic tumors. We also summarize novel therapeutic targets for anti-fibrotic therapy based on the mechanobiology of tissue fibrosis and tumor stroma, a class of drugs known as "mechano-therapeutics".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Tissue Repair and Mechanobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 1(st) St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - David Lagares
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hinz B, Lagares D. Evasion of apoptosis by myofibroblasts: a hallmark of fibrotic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 16:11-31. [PMID: 31792399 PMCID: PMC7913072 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Organ fibrosis is a lethal outcome of autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as systemic sclerosis. Myofibroblasts are scar-forming cells that are ultimately responsible for the excessive synthesis, deposition and remodelling of extracellular matrix proteins in fibrosis. Advances have been made in our understanding of the mechanisms that keep myofibroblasts in an activated state and control myofibroblast functions. However, the mechanisms that help myofibroblasts to persist in fibrotic tissues remain poorly understood. Myofibroblasts evade apoptosis by activating molecular mechanisms in response to pro-survival biomechanical and growth factor signals from the fibrotic microenvironment, which can ultimately lead to the acquisition of a senescent phenotype. Growing evidence suggests that myofibroblasts and senescent myofibroblasts, rather than being resistant to apoptosis, are actually primed for apoptosis owing to concomitant activation of cell death signalling pathways; these cells are poised to apoptose when survival pathways are inhibited. This knowledge of apoptotic priming has paved the way for new therapies that trigger apoptosis in myofibroblasts by blocking pro-survival mechanisms, target senescent myofibroblast for apoptosis or promote the reprogramming of myofibroblasts into scar-resolving cells. These novel strategies are not only poised to prevent progressive tissue scarring, but also have the potential to reverse established fibrosis and to regenerate chronically injured tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Lagares
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang Y, Li W, He Z, Wang Y, Shao B, Cheng C, Zhang S, Tang M, Qian X, Kong W, Wang H, Chai R, Gao X. Pre-treatment With Fasudil Prevents Neomycin-Induced Hair Cell Damage by Reducing the Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:264. [PMID: 31780893 PMCID: PMC6851027 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ototoxic drug-induced hair cell (HC) damage is one of the main causes of sensorineural hearing loss, which is one of the most common sensory disorders in humans. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are common ototoxic drugs, and these can cause the accumulation of intracellular oxygen free radicals and lead to apoptosis in HCs. Fasudil is a Rho kinase inhibitor and vasodilator that has been widely used in the clinic and has been shown to have neuroprotective effects. However, the possible application of fasudil in protecting against aminoglycoside-induced HC loss and hearing loss has not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the ability of fasudil to protect against neomycin-induced HC loss both in vitro and in vivo. We found that fasudil significantly reduced the HC loss in cochlear whole-organ explant cultures and reduced the cell death of auditory HEI-OC1 cells after neomycin exposure in vitro. Moreover, we found that fasudil significantly prevented the HC loss and hearing loss of mice in the in vivo neomycin damage model. Furthermore, we found that fasudil could significantly inhibit the Rho signaling pathway in the auditory HEI-OC1 cells after neomycin exposure, thus further reducing the neomycin-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent apoptosis in HEI-OC1 cells. This study suggests that fasudil might contribute to the increased viability of HCs after neomycin exposure by inhibition of the Rho signaling pathway and suggests a new therapeutic target for the prevention of aminoglycoside-induced HC loss and hearing loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zuhong He
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Fenyang Vision & Audition Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Buwei Shao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qian
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijia Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Penke LR, Peters-Golden M. Molecular determinants of mesenchymal cell activation in fibroproliferative diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4179-4201. [PMID: 31563998 PMCID: PMC6858579 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled scarring, or fibrosis, can interfere with the normal function of virtually all tissues of the body, ultimately leading to organ failure and death. Fibrotic diseases represent a major cause of death in industrialized countries. Unfortunately, no curative treatments for these conditions are yet available, highlighting the critical need for a better fundamental understanding of molecular mechanisms that may be therapeutically tractable. The ultimate indispensable effector cells responsible for deposition of extracellular matrix proteins that comprise scars are mesenchymal cells, namely fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. In this review, we focus on the biology of these cells and the molecular mechanisms that regulate their pertinent functions. We discuss key pro-fibrotic mediators, signaling pathways, and transcription factors that dictate their activation and persistence. Because of their possible clinical and therapeutic relevance, we also consider potential brakes on mesenchymal cell activation and cellular processes that may facilitate myofibroblast clearance from fibrotic tissue-topics that have in general been understudied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loka R Penke
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 6301 MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5642, USA
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 6301 MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5642, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Knipe RS, Probst CK, Lagares D, Franklin A, Spinney JJ, Brazee PL, Grasberger P, Zhang L, Black KE, Sakai N, Shea BS, Liao JK, Medoff BD, Tager AM. The Rho Kinase Isoforms ROCK1 and ROCK2 Each Contribute to the Development of Experimental Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 58:471-481. [PMID: 29211497 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0075oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is thought to result from dysregulated wound repair after repetitive lung injury. Many cellular responses to injury involve rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton mediated by the two isoforms of the Rho-associated coiled-coil-forming protein kinase (ROCK), ROCK1 and ROCK2. In addition, profibrotic mediators such as transforming growth factor-β, thrombin, and lysophosphatidic acid act through receptors that activate ROCK. Inhibition of ROCK activation may be a potent therapeutic strategy for human pulmonary fibrosis. Pharmacological inhibition of ROCK using nonselective ROCK inhibitors has been shown to prevent fibrosis in animal models; however, the specific roles of each ROCK isoform are poorly understood. Furthermore, the pleiotropic effects of this kinase have raised concerns about on-target adverse effects of ROCK inhibition such as hypotension. Selective inhibition of one isoform might be a better-tolerated strategy. In the present study, we used a genetic approach to determine the roles of ROCK1 and ROCK2 in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Using ROCK1- or ROCK2-haploinsufficient mice, we found that reduced expression of either ROCK1 or ROCK2 was sufficient to protect them from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, we found that both isoforms contribute to the profibrotic responses of epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Interestingly, ROCK1- and ROCK2-haploinsufficient mice exhibited similar protection from bleomycin-induced vascular leak, myofibroblast differentiation, and fibrosis; however, ROCK1-haploinsufficient mice demonstrated greater attenuation of epithelial cell apoptosis. These findings suggest that selective inhibition of either ROCK isoform has the potential to be an effective therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Knipe
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 The Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, and.,3 Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clemens K Probst
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 The Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, and.,3 Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Lagares
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 The Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, and.,3 Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alicia Franklin
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 The Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, and.,3 Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jillian J Spinney
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 The Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, and.,3 Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia L Brazee
- 4 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paula Grasberger
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 The Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, and.,3 Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Linlin Zhang
- 5 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Katharine E Black
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 The Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, and.,3 Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Norihiko Sakai
- 6 Division of Nephrology and.,7 Division of Blood Purification, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan; and
| | - Barry S Shea
- 8 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - James K Liao
- 5 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Benjamin D Medoff
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 The Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, and.,3 Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew M Tager
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,2 The Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, and.,3 Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang W, Li X, Zhang Y. Rho-kinase inhibitor attenuates airway mucus hypersecretion and inflammation partly by downregulation of IL-13 and the JNK1/2-AP1 signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:571-577. [PMID: 31235256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We measured the effect of Rho-kinase on inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in the airways of mouse models of asthma. Additionally, we aimed to determine if these effects were the result of JNK 1/2-AP1 pathway inhibition.We sensitized and challenged female C57BL/6 mice using house dust mites (HDM) followed by treatment with an inhibitor of Rho-kinase. Lung tissue was harvested to evaluate inflammation and mucus secretion in the airways of asthma mice. Cytokine expression in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was established by ELISA and airway responsiveness, and was determined by the invasive lung function test. JNK1/2, p-JNK1/2, AP-1, and p-AP-1 protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. Asthma model mice that were treated with Rho-kinase inhibitor showed a significantly decrease in inflammation score, inflammatory cells, and airway responsiveness. Additionally, we found that IL-13 expressions in BALF and mucus secretion were decreased in HDM-challenged mice treated with Rho-kinase inhibitor. Furthermore, Rho-kinase inhibitor treatment decreased the expression of JNK1/2 and AP-1 phosphorylation. Our findings indicated that the Rho-kinase inhibitor decreased HDM-induced mucus secretion as well as airway inflammation in asthma mice through regulation of the JNK1/2-AP-1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Zhang
- Department of geriatric medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300073, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of geriatric medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wei Z, Xu H, Zhang Y, Yi X, Yang X, Chen Y, Mao N, Li S, Xu D, Li S, Zhang H, Li D, Zhang G, Zhang B, Jin F, Gao X, Cai W, Zhang L, Wang R, Yang F. Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor α silencing attenuates silicosis by inhibiting RhoA/Rho kinase signalling. Exp Cell Res 2019; 380:131-140. [PMID: 31029634 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) alters the fibroblast phenotype by promoting transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts, which exhibit the ability to promote collagen synthesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, thereby playing a significant role in the pathology of silicosis. In this study, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms involved in myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor α (RhoGDIα) was upregulated following myofibroblast transdifferentiation stimulated by TGF-β1. We hypothesised that RhoGDIα may induce myofibroblast transdifferentiation and thus result in silicosis. Accordingly, the biological significance of RhoGDIα in cell proliferation and apoptosis was investigated by deletion of RhoGDIα in MRC-5 cells. In addition, a mechanistic study showed that fasudil, an inhibitor of the RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) signalling pathway, reduced the levels of RhoGDIα, RhoA, and phospho-myosin phosphatase (phospho-MYPT) in MRC-5 cells and silicosis model rats. Knockdown of RhoGDIα inhibited myofibroblast transdifferentiation and collagen deposition through RhoGDIα/RhoA/ROCK signalling in silicosis model mice. Overall, downregulation of RhoGDIα may significantly promote cell apoptosis and inhibit cell growth, resulting in reversal of myofibroblast transdifferentiation by RhoA/ROCK in vitro and in vivo. These data will facilitate further exploration of the potential use of RhoGDIα as a target for silicosis therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiu Wei
- Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xue Yi
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Na Mao
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Shifeng Li
- Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dingjie Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Shumin Li
- Basic Medicine College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Dan Li
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Guizhen Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Bonan Zhang
- Basic Medicine College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Fuyu Jin
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xuemin Gao
- Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenchen Cai
- College of Preventive Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Calvello M, Flore MC, Richeldi L. Novel drug targets in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2019.1590196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria Calvello
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Flore
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UniversitàCattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sontake V, Gajjala PR, Kasam RK, Madala SK. New therapeutics based on emerging concepts in pulmonary fibrosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 23:69-81. [PMID: 30468628 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1552262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibrosis is an irreversible pathological endpoint in many chronic diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and often fatal condition characterized by (myo)fibroblast proliferation and transformation in the lung, expansion of the extracellular matrix, and extensive remodeling of the lung parenchyma. Recent evidence indicates that IPF prevalence and mortality rates are growing in the United States and elsewhere. Despite decades of research on the pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis, few therapeutics have succeeded in the clinic, and they have failed to improve IPF patient survival. Areas covered: Based on a literature search and our own results, we discuss the key cellular and molecular responses that contribute to (myo)fibroblast actions and pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis; this includes signaling pathways in various cells that aberrantly and persistently activate (myo)fibroblasts in fibrotic lesions and promote scar tissue formation in the lung. Expert opinion: Lessons learned from recent failures and successes with new therapeutics point toward approaches that can target multiple pro-fibrotic processes in IPF. Advances in preclinical modeling and single-cell genomics will also accelerate novel discoveries for effective treatment of IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishwaraj Sontake
- a Department of Pediatrics , University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Division of Pulmonary Medicine , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Prathibha R Gajjala
- a Department of Pediatrics , University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Division of Pulmonary Medicine , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Rajesh K Kasam
- a Department of Pediatrics , University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Division of Pulmonary Medicine , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Satish K Madala
- a Department of Pediatrics , University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Division of Pulmonary Medicine , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ho YR, Lin CH, Kuo CY. The protective effect of simvastatin against ultraviolet B-induced corneal endothelial cell death. Indian J Ophthalmol 2018; 66:1080-1083. [PMID: 30038146 PMCID: PMC6080451 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_93_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Excessive ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure causing corneal endothelium injury, including apoptosis, is a serious condition. Therefore, drugs that can inhibit apoptosis in corneal endothelial cells represent an effective strategy. Simvastatin is widely used as a specific inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, can reduce levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. However, the protective effect of simvastatin on corneal endothelial cells remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate whether UVB promotes the initiation of apoptosis in corneal endothelial cells and injury reversible by simvastatin treatment. Methods: We detected the cell viability, subG1 population, and caspase-3 activity. Results: Results showed that simvastatin alleviates UVB-induced cell death, cell apoptosis, and caspase-3 activity. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that simvastatin alleviated UVB-induced corneal endothelial cell apoptosis via caspase-3 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Ho
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Yen Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Graduate Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Chungli; Department of Ophthalmology, Hsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Longtan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Monaghan-Benson E, Wittchen ES, Doerschuk CM, Burridge K. A Rnd3/p190RhoGAP pathway regulates RhoA activity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis fibroblasts. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:2165-2175. [PMID: 29995590 PMCID: PMC6249798 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-11-0642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an incurable disease of the lung that is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), resulting in disruption of normal lung function. The signals regulating fibrosis include both transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and tissue rigidity and a major signaling pathway implicated in fibrosis involves activation of the GTPase RhoA. During studies exploring how elevated RhoA activity is sustained in IPF, we discovered that not only is RhoA activated by profibrotic stimuli but also that the expression of Rnd3, a major antagonist of RhoA activity, and the activity of p190RhoGAP (p190), a Rnd3 effector, are both suppressed in IPF fibroblasts. Restoration of Rnd3 levels in IPF fibroblasts results in an increase in p190 activity, a decrease in RhoA activity and a decrease in the overall fibrotic phenotype. We also find that treatment with IPF drugs nintedanib and pirfenidone decreases the fibrotic phenotype and RhoA activity through up-regulation of Rnd3 expression and p190 activity. These data provide evidence for a pathway in IPF where fibroblasts down-regulate Rnd3 levels and p190 activity to enhance RhoA activity and drive the fibrotic phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Monaghan-Benson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Erika S Wittchen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Claire M Doerschuk
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Keith Burridge
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Organ fibrosis is a lethal component of scleroderma. The hallmark of scleroderma fibrosis is extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition by activated myofibroblasts, specialized hyper-contractile cells that promote ECM remodeling and matrix stiffening. The purpose of this review is to discuss novel mechanistic insight into myofibroblast activation in scleroderma. RECENT FINDINGS Matrix stiffness, traditionally viewed as an end point of organ fibrosis, is now recognized as a critical regulator of tissue fibrogenesis that hijacks the normal physiologic wound-healing program to promote organ fibrosis. Here, we discuss how matrix stiffness orchestrates fibrosis by controlling three fundamental pro-fibrotic mechanisms: (a) mechanoactivation of myofibroblasts, (b) integrin-mediated latent transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) activation, and (c) activation of non-canonical TGF-β1 signaling pathways. We also summarize novel therapeutic targets for anti-fibrotic therapy based on the mechanobiology of scleroderma. Future research on mechanobiology of scleroderma may lead to important clinical applications such as improved diagnosis and treatment of patients with scleroderma and other fibrotic-related diseases.
Collapse
|
39
|
Gamad N, Malik S, Suchal K, Vasisht S, Tomar A, Arava S, Arya DS, Bhatia J. Metformin alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats: Pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:1544-1553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
40
|
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Holvoet T, Devriese S, Castermans K, Boland S, Leysen D, Vandewynckel YP, Devisscher L, Van den Bossche L, Van Welden S, Dullaers M, Vandenbroucke RE, De Rycke R, Geboes K, Bourin A, Defert O, Hindryckx P, De Vos M, Laukens D. Treatment of Intestinal Fibrosis in Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Disease by the Pleiotropic Actions of a Local Rho Kinase Inhibitor. Gastroenterology 2017. [PMID: 28642198 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis resulting in (sub)obstruction is a common complication of Crohn's disease (CD). Rho kinases (ROCKs) play multiple roles in TGFβ-induced myofibroblast activation that could be therapeutic targets. Because systemic ROCK inhibition causes cardiovascular side effects, we evaluated the effects of a locally acting ROCK inhibitor (AMA0825) on intestinal fibrosis. METHODS Fibrosis was assessed in mouse models using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and adoptive T-cell transfer. The in vitro and ex vivo effects of AMA0825 were studied in different cell types and in CD biopsy cultures. RESULTS ROCK is expressed in fibroblastic, epithelial, endothelial, and muscle cells of the human intestinal tract and is activated in inflamed and fibrotic tissue. Prophylactic treatment with AMA0825 inhibited myofibroblast accumulation, expression of pro-fibrotic factors, and accumulation of fibrotic tissue without affecting clinical disease activity and histologic inflammation in 2 models of fibrosis. ROCK inhibition reversed established fibrosis in a chronic DSS model and impeded ex vivo pro-fibrotic protein secretion from stenotic CD biopsies. AMA0825 reduced TGFβ1-induced activation of myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), down-regulating matrix metalloproteinases, collagen, and IL6 secretion from fibroblasts. In these cells, ROCK inhibition potentiated autophagy, which was required for the observed reduction in collagen and IL6 production. AMA0825 did not affect pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from other ROCK-positive cell types, corroborating the selective in vivo effect on fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Local ROCK inhibition prevents and reverses intestinal fibrosis by diminishing MRTF and p38 MAPK activation and increasing autophagy in fibroblasts. Overall, our results show that local ROCK inhibition is promising for counteracting fibrosis as an add-on therapy for CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Holvoet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Devriese
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Melissa Dullaers
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Molecular Biomedical Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Molecular Biomedical Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karel Geboes
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Pieter Hindryckx
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martine De Vos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Debby Laukens
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Effects of the Rho-Kinase Inhibitor Y-27632 on Extraocular Muscle Surgery in Rabbits. J Ophthalmol 2017; 2017:8653130. [PMID: 28815090 PMCID: PMC5549496 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8653130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effect of the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 on postoperative inflammation and adhesion following extraocular muscle surgery in rabbits. Methods The superior rectus muscle reinsertion was performed on both eyes of 8 New Zealand white rabbits. After reinsertion, the rabbits received subconjunctival injections of the Rho-kinase inhibitor and saline on each eye. To assess acute and late inflammatory changes, Ki-67, CD11β+, and F4/80 were evaluated and the sites of muscle reattachment were evaluated for a postoperative adhesion score and histopathologically for collagen formation. Results F4/80 antibody expression was significantly different in the Rho-kinase inhibitor-injected group at both postoperative day 3 and week 4 (p = 0.038, 0.031). However, Ki-67 and CD11β+ were not different the between two groups. The difference in the SRM/conjunctiva adhesion score between the two groups was also significant (p = 0.034). Conclusion. Intraoperative subconjunctival injection of the Rho-kinase inhibitor may be effective for adjunctive management of inflammation and fibrosis in rabbit eyes following extraocular muscle surgery.
Collapse
|
43
|
Collum SD, Chen NY, Hernandez AM, Hanmandlu A, Sweeney H, Mertens TCJ, Weng T, Luo F, Molina JG, Davies J, Horan IP, Morrell NW, Amione-Guerra J, Al-Jabbari O, Youker K, Sun W, Rajadas J, Bollyky PL, Akkanti BH, Jyothula S, Sinha N, Guha A, Karmouty-Quintana H. Inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis attenuates pulmonary hypertension associated with lung fibrosis. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3284-3301. [PMID: 28688167 PMCID: PMC5595757 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Group III pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a highly lethal and widespread lung disorder that is a common complication in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) where it is considered to be the single most significant predictor of mortality. While increased levels of hyaluronan have been observed in IPF patients, hyaluronan-mediated vascular remodelling and the hyaluronan-mediated mechanisms promoting PH associated with IPF are not fully understood. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Explanted lung tissue from patients with IPF with and without a diagnosis of PH was used to identify increased levels of hyaluronan. In addition, an experimental model of lung fibrosis and PH was used to test the capacity of 4-methylumbeliferone (4MU), a hyaluronan synthase inhibitor to attenuate PH. Human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) were used to identify the hyaluronan-specific mechanisms that lead to the development of PH associated with lung fibrosis. KEY RESULTS In patients with IPF and PH, increased levels of hyaluronan and expression of hyaluronan synthase genes are present. Interestingly, we also report increased levels of hyaluronidases in patients with IPF and IPF with PH. Remarkably, our data also show that 4MU is able to inhibit PH in our model either prophylactically or therapeutically, without affecting fibrosis. Studies to determine the hyaluronan-specific mechanisms revealed that hyaluronan fragments result in increased PASMC stiffness and proliferation but reduced cell motility in a RhoA-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, our results show evidence of a unique mechanism contributing to PH in the context of lung fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Collum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ning-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adriana M Hernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ankit Hanmandlu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heather Sweeney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tinne C J Mertens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tingting Weng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fayong Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jose G Molina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Davies
- Department of Paediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ian P Horan
- Cambridge BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Research Excellence, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick W Morrell
- Cambridge BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Research Excellence, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Odeaa Al-Jabbari
- Debakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keith Youker
- Debakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wenchao Sun
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Lab, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Lab, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Neeraj Sinha
- Debakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashrith Guha
- Debakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Varone F, Montemurro G, Macagno F, Calvello M, Conte E, Intini E, Iovene B, Leone PM, Mari PV, Richeldi L. Investigational drugs for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:1019-1031. [PMID: 28777013 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1364361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION IPF is a specific form of chronic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia of unknown cause, characterized by progressive worsening in lung function and an unfavorable prognosis. Current concepts on IPF pathogenesis are based on a dysregulated wound healing response, leading to an over production of extracellular matrix. Based on recent research however, several other mechanisms are now proposed as potential targets for novel therapeutic strategies. Areas covered: This review analyzes the current investigational strategies targeting extracellular matrix deposition, tyrosine-kinase antagonism, immune and autoimmune response, and cell-based therapy. A description of the pathogenic rationale implied in each novel therapeutic approach is summarized. Expert opinion: New IPF drugs are being evaluated in the context of phase 1 and 2 clinical trials. Nevertheless, many drugs that have shown efficacy in preclinical studies, failed to exhibit the same positive effect when translated to humans. A possible explanation for these failures might be related to the known limitations of animal models of the disease. The recent development of 3D systems composed of cells from individual patients that recreate an ex-vivo model of IPF, could lead to significant improvements in disease pathogenesis and treatment. New drugs could be tested on more genuine models and clinicians could tailor therapy based on patient's response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Varone
- a Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli , Rome , Italy
| | - Giuliano Montemurro
- a Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli , Rome , Italy
| | - Francesco Macagno
- a Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli , Rome , Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Calvello
- a Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli , Rome , Italy
| | - Emanuele Conte
- a Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli , Rome , Italy
| | - Enrica Intini
- a Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli , Rome , Italy
| | - Bruno Iovene
- a Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli , Rome , Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Leone
- a Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli , Rome , Italy
| | - Pier-Valerio Mari
- a Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli , Rome , Italy
| | - Luca Richeldi
- a Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli , Rome , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chakraborty K, Chatterjee S, Bhattacharyya A. Modulation of CD11c+ lung dendritic cells in respect to TGF-β in experimental pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:991-1000. [PMID: 28557137 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a deadly, progressive lung disease with very few treatment options till now. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (BIPF) is a commonly used mice model in IPF research. TGF-β1 has been shown to play a key role in pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Dendritic cell (DC) acts as a bridge between innate and adaptive immune systems. The coexistence of chronic inflammation sustained by mature DCs with fibrosis suggests that inflammatory phenomenon has key importance in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we investigated the modulation of DCs phenotypic maturation, accumulation in lung tissue, and expression of other lung DC subsets in respect to TGF-β in PF. First, we established BIPF model in mice and blocked TGF-β expression by the use of inhibitor SB431542. Accumulation of lung CD11c+ DCs is significantly higher in both inflammatory and fibrotic phases of the disease but that percentages got reduced in the absence of TGF-β. TGF-β initiates up-regulation of costimulatory molecules CD86 and CD80 in the inflammatory phases of the disease but not so at fibrotic stage. Expression of lung DC subset CD11c+CD103+ is significantly increased in inflammatory phase and also in fibrotic phase of BIPF. Blocking of TGF-β causes decreased expression of CD11c+CD103+ DCs. Another important lung DC subset CD11c+CD11b+ expression is suppressed by the absence of TGF-β after bleomycin administration. CD11c+CD103+ DCs might have anti-inflammatory as well as anti-fibrotic nature in PF. All these data demonstrate differential modulation of CD11c+ lung DCs by TGF-β in experimental PF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaustav Chakraborty
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumya Chatterjee
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Arindam Bhattacharyya
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Simvastatin treatment boosts benefits of apoptotic cell infusion in murine lung fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2860. [PMID: 28594406 PMCID: PMC5520916 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A single early-phase infusion of apoptotic cells can inhibit bleomycin-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis; however, it is unknown whether these effects can be enhanced with additional infusions and/or statin treatment. Here, we investigated whether an increased frequency of apoptotic cell injection, with or without efferocytosis enhancer simvastatin, facilitates therapeutic efficacy. An additional injection of apoptotic cells during the intermediate phase (7 days post-bleomycin treatment) or simvastatin administration alone on days 7–13 post-treatment did not promote anti-fibrotic responses beyond those induced by a single early apoptotic cell infusion alone. Additional administration of apoptotic cells with simvastatin further enhanced the efferocytic ability of alveolar macrophages and PPARγ activity, and induced hepatocyte growth factor and interleukin-10 expression, in alveolar macrophages and lung tissue. Additional administration of apoptotic cells with simvastatin also reduced mRNA expression of bleomycin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in isolated alveolar type II epithelial cells, fibrotic markers in fibroblasts, and hydroxyproline in lung tissue. Enhanced anti-EMT and anti-fibrotic efficacy was confirmed by immunofluorescence and trichrome staining of lung tissue. This suggests that additional administration of apoptotic cells with simvastatin during the intermediate phase of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis may boost the anti-fibrotic properties of early apoptotic cell infusion.
Collapse
|
47
|
Komarova YA, Kruse K, Mehta D, Malik AB. Protein Interactions at Endothelial Junctions and Signaling Mechanisms Regulating Endothelial Permeability. Circ Res 2017; 120:179-206. [PMID: 28057793 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.306534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The monolayer of endothelial cells lining the vessel wall forms a semipermeable barrier (in all tissue except the relatively impermeable blood-brain and inner retinal barriers) that regulates tissue-fluid homeostasis, transport of nutrients, and migration of blood cells across the barrier. Permeability of the endothelial barrier is primarily regulated by a protein complex called adherens junctions. Adherens junctions are not static structures; they are continuously remodeled in response to mechanical and chemical cues in both physiological and pathological settings. Here, we discuss recent insights into the post-translational modifications of junctional proteins and signaling pathways regulating plasticity of adherens junctions and endothelial permeability. We also discuss in the context of what is already known and newly defined signaling pathways that mediate endothelial barrier leakiness (hyperpermeability) that are important in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and lung diseases and vascular inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A Komarova
- From the Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Kevin Kruse
- From the Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Dolly Mehta
- From the Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Asrar B Malik
- From the Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Li W, Chen W, Xie M, Huang H, Su H, Han H, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Yang X, Xu W, Su Y, Wu W, Huang Y, Fu K, Wei J. Fasudil inhibits tissue factor and plasminogen activator Inhibitor-1 secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in CAPD patients. Ren Fail 2016; 38:1359-1363. [PMID: 27756191 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1214053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in hemostasis are common complications of kidney diseases and correlate well with cardiovascular mortality. Little is known about the effects of fasudil on tissue factor (TF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in CAPD patients. PBMCs were isolated from 13 individuals with CAPD and 13 healthy subjects. After 4 h of incubation with or without LPS (10 ng/mL), TF and PAI-1 mRNA of PBMCs were detected by RT-PCR. The levels of TF and PAI-1 in culture supernatants of PBMCs were determined by ELISA. Compared with healthy controls, CAPD patients had increased TF, PAI-1 protein and mRNA expression by PBMCs at baseline and after stimulated by LPS (10 ng/mL) [p < 0.001]. The fasudil treatment resulted in a significant effect in decreasing TF and PAI-1 [p < 0.05] synthesis in PBMCs. TF and PAI-1 mRNA expression and activities in PBMCs were increased in CAPD patients. Fasudil reduced LPS-mediated TF and PAI-1 expression and activity in PBMCs. These effects may partially be relevant to the clinical benefits of fasudil in the treatment of CAPD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenning Li
- a Department of Nephrology , Hainan General Hospital , Haikou , Hainan , China
| | - Wen Chen
- b Department of Nephrology , the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College , Haikou , Hainan , China
| | - Maowei Xie
- a Department of Nephrology , Hainan General Hospital , Haikou , Hainan , China
| | - Haiyang Huang
- c Central Laboratory , Hainan General Hospital , Haikou , Hainan , China
| | - Huiluan Su
- a Department of Nephrology , Hainan General Hospital , Haikou , Hainan , China
| | - Hui Han
- a Department of Nephrology , Hainan General Hospital , Haikou , Hainan , China
| | - Daofa Zhang
- a Department of Nephrology , Hainan General Hospital , Haikou , Hainan , China
| | - Ying Zhang
- a Department of Nephrology , Hainan General Hospital , Haikou , Hainan , China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- a Department of Nephrology , Hainan General Hospital , Haikou , Hainan , China
| | - Wentan Xu
- a Department of Nephrology , Hainan General Hospital , Haikou , Hainan , China
| | - Yan Su
- a Department of Nephrology , Hainan General Hospital , Haikou , Hainan , China
| | - Wei Wu
- a Department of Nephrology , Hainan General Hospital , Haikou , Hainan , China
| | - Yun Huang
- a Department of Nephrology , Hainan General Hospital , Haikou , Hainan , China
| | - Keying Fu
- c Central Laboratory , Hainan General Hospital , Haikou , Hainan , China
| | - Jiali Wei
- a Department of Nephrology , Hainan General Hospital , Haikou , Hainan , China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Froese AR, Shimbori C, Bellaye PS, Inman M, Obex S, Fatima S, Jenkins G, Gauldie J, Ask K, Kolb M. Stretch-induced Activation of Transforming Growth Factor-β1in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 194:84-96. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201508-1638oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
50
|
Abstract
Hypertensive cardiac remodeling is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis, which can lead to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases (ROCKs) are members of the serine/threonine protein kinase family, which mediates the downstream effects of the small GTP-binding protein RhoA. There are 2 isoforms: ROCK1 and ROCK2. They have different functions in different types of cells and tissues. There is growing evidence that ROCKs contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases, including cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, and subsequent heart failure. Recent experimental studies using ROCK inhibitors, such as fasudil, have shown the benefits of ROCK inhibition in cardiac remodeling. Mice lacking each ROCK isoform also exhibit reduced myocardial fibrosis in a variety of pathological models of cardiac remodeling. Indeed, clinical studies with fasudil have suggested that ROCKs could be potential novel therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the roles of ROCKs in the development of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy and discuss their therapeutic potential for deleterious cardiac remodeling. (Circ J 2016; 80: 1491-1498).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Shimizu
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago
| | | |
Collapse
|